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History of European Integration

Learn the main dates and events of the European Integration in a chronologic order

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Antoine
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21 views

History of European Integration

Learn the main dates and events of the European Integration in a chronologic order

Uploaded by

Antoine
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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After-war period : The pioneering phase 1945-1949

- Teheran conference : 1943 / guidelines of postwar international politics


- Yalta conference : 1945 / End of war and Germany occupation plan
- Postdam conference : 1945 / Pologne territory agreement
- Doctrine Truman : 1947 / start of cold war
- Berlin blockade : 24 June 1948 – 12 May 1949
- (FRG) Federal Republic of Germany : 23 May 1949
- (GDR) German Democratic Republic : 7 October 1949

The Marshall Plan


- Speech Georges C. Marshall : 5 June 1947 / economic and financial assistance
- Creation of OEEC (later OECD) Organisation of European Economic Cooperation: 16 April 1948 / control
over the money of marshall plan

First cooperations
- Coucil of Europe : 5 May 1949 / create an european assembly
- Western Union : Brussels Treaty, march 1948 / UE military cooperation BEN, FR, UK
- NATO : 4 April 1949 (12 members)
- Benelux : Custom convention on 5 may 1944, preliminary Treaty in 1949, 1958 Benelux Economic Union
Treaty / Precursor, 1st custom union, Free trade
- (EPU) European Payments Union : 19 september 1950 / convertibility of UE currencies in reality

The European Idea

- Victor Hugo in national peace congress, « united states of europe » : 1849


- Aristide Briand, federal union of european nations : 1929
-  E. Herriot, book « United states of Europe » : 1931
- Richard coudenhove-kalergi, book « Paneuropa », in favor of UE unity : 1923
- A. Spinelli and E. Rossi, manifesto di ventotenne, UE in peace, democratic : 1941
- Zurich speech by Churchill, european federation : 1946
- (UEF) Union of European Federalist : 1946  split into EFM + AEF  1st meeting : Montreux : 1947 / call
creation of UE federal government
- (EPU) European Parliamentary Union : 1947 / gather natinal parliament of BEN, IT, FR  1st meeting :
Gastaad conference : July-September 1947
- Hague congress : May 1848 / 750 deleguates, international committee of movement for UE unity (late
European movement)
- European Movement : 1948 / coordinate activities of organisations in favor of UE unity.

Birth of European Community

- Speech of Robert Schuman : 9 May 1950 / « higth autority for coal and steel », Sarre and Ruhr tensions,
IAR
- (ECSC/CECA) European Coal and Steel Community : Paris treaty, 18 April 1951 / UE of 6, High Authority,
Common Assembly, Court of Justice, Special Council of Ministers; common market, coal and steel increase
- Jean Monnet : General Commissioner of the National Planning Board, functionalism
- (EDC) European Defense Community : Plevert plan, october 1950 / UE army to prevent german
remilitarisation  signed on 27 May 1952 in Paris  30 August 1954, FR don’t ratified
- (EPC) European Political Community : UE leadership and democratic for the UE army ; abandonned after
EDC failed ;Paris accords, 23 October 1954 : IT and FRG joined Brussel treaty
Relaunch of Integration

- Beyen Plan : 23 April 1955 / common market to all eco sector


- Benelux Memorandum : May 1955 / common market with sector integration of transport, nuclear
- Messina Conference : June 1955 / Messina reolution, intergovernmental committee created (Paul Spaak)
- Messina Resolution : aim = common market, two sided approach
- Spaak report : April 1956 / general common market; competitor organization : EFTA, UK 1959

Rome Treaties 25 March 1957 (force on 1st Jan 1958)


- (EAEC /Euratom) European Atomic Energy Community : nuclear to civilian purposes, need of energy
- (EEC/CEE) European Economic Community : Custom union, CAP, free movement principle

The first decades of the communities

Ups and downs of the 1st decade : 1958-68


- Custom union : 1968 / Removal of barriers and Common external tariff
- (CAP) Common agriculture policy : 5 goals, agriculture market stabilisation; heterogeneity of national
agriculture
- 1st agricultural marathon : Conference of Stresa, July 1958 – end nego 61-62 / unity of market, community
preference/ financial solidarity
- De Gaulle‘s policy of grandeur : against transfert of soveraignity, tensions with NATO, fouchet plan
- Fouchet Plans : Europe of states
- Fouchet Plan 1, October 1961 : Intergovernmental Union of States (without economic side)
- Fouchet Plan 2, January 1962 : with economic side
- Elysee Treaty : January 1963 / strenghted FR and GR, intergovernmental cooperation.
- Empty chair crisis 1965 : French distrust to supranationalism / Clash on financing the CAP; blockage of EEC,
Luxembourg compromise, 1966  veto principle
- Merger Treaty : 1965, force 1967 / Merger of Executives of the 3 Communities (CEE, CECA, Euratom)

1969-79 : Completion and Deepening of Integration


- Hague Summit : December 1979 / discuss monetary system, EP direct elections, UK accession
- Davigon Report : 1970 / Consultation principle on Foreign policy and possibility of joined decisions; Summit
of Paris 1972 : step up political cooperation
- Copenhagen Report : 1973 / Strenghted the principle of consultation of foreign minister
- European Council : 9-10 December of 1974 / Head of government
- Tindemans Report on EU on 29 december 1975 : transform community in a union; consolidation of existing
institutions and development of common policies
- European Currency Snake 1972 : free movement of capital, reserve fund
- (EMS) European Monetary System : July 1958, force 1959 / ECU Stabilisation of Exchange rates of national
currencies around it; limit
- CAP reform, Mansholt plan of 1968 : huge change  strikes brussel 1971
- Institutional reform : Commission Report on European Union 1975, Report of Three Wise Men 1979,
Spierenburg Report 1979  idea kept = Direct elections of the European Parliament

Shifting Boundaries

- Enlargements : A sum up
- 1973: Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom
- 1981: Greece
- 1986: Portugal and Spain
- 1995: Austria, Finland and Sweden
- 2004: Czech Republic, Cyprus, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia
- Copenhaguen European Council, 21-22 June 1993 / path to follow; precise criteria
- 2007: Bulgaria and Romania
- 2013: Croatia
- Brexit  United Kingdom (2020)
- Considerable widening  from Europe of 6 to Europe of 27
- Founding members : FR, GE, BE, NL, LUX, IT
- First UK application : 9 August 1961 by McMillan  FR veto on 14 january 1963
- Second UK application : 11 May 1967 by H.Wilson  FR veto

Time for Reforms

- Creation of Schengen Area : 1985 / creation of an area without border


- Copenhaguen Summit 14-15 December 1973 : European identity in the European Community’s external
relations.
- (SEA) Single European Act: 28 February 1986 + 1987 / White paper jacques Delors
- (TEU) Treaty of the European Union : Maastricht : 07 February 1992 + 93 / 3 pillars
- Treaty of Amsterdam : 02 October 1997 + 99 / area of freedom, security and justice
- Treaty of Nice : 26 February 2001 + 03 / New MS representation ?; mains institutions of UE reforms
- Constitution for Europe : 2001 European Council in Laeken adopted in 2004 / failed
- Lisbon Treaty : 13 December 2007 + 09 / “Treaty on the functionning of the European Union“

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