Media, Information, and Technology 5.

Ceremonial Structures
Literacy  Industrial age of media 1700-1930
Characterized by significant advancements
WHY IS IT IMPORTANT IN DIGITAL AGE?
in technology that revolutionized how
• Protecting oneself from information was produced and
misinformation and fake news. disseminated.
During this period, the mass production and
• Enhancing critical thinking and
distribution of media content became
analytical skills.
possible due to the invention of new
Characteristics of Responsible Users: machines and technologies.
Key Features
• Critical thinking and skepticism  Mass Production: The invention of
• Ethical behavior and respect for the printing press and later steam-
privacy powered printing allowed for the
mass production of newspapers,
• Awareness of bias and propaganda books, and other printed materials,
• Effective use of digital tools and making information more accessible
to a larger audience.
platforms
 Standardization:Media content
Characteristics of Competent Producer became more standardized, as
s: large-scale production allowed for
consistent formatting and content
• Accuracy and reliability in
across different regions.
information dissemination
 Increased Literacy: As media
• Ethical standards in content creation became more accessible, literacy
rates increased, creating a more
• Transparency and accountability informed public.
• Engagement with the audience and  Advertising:With the rise of mass
responsiveness to feedback media, advertising became an
essential aspect of the media
 When using the internet to find industry, influencing both content
information, remember to use and the economics of media
safe search engines or websites production.
recommended by your teacher. Examples of Media in the Industrial Age:
 Information can also be found in 1.Newspapers
books. Visit the library and 2.Books
search for books on your topic. 3.Magazine
 You can also find information 4.Telegraphy
from other people. Talk to 5.Photography
teachers, librarians, or  Electronic age of media 1930-1980
knowledgeable people who can refers to the period when electronic
help you find the information technologies began to dominate the way
you need. information was created, shared, and
 consumed.
This era started with the invention of the
TRADITIONAL AND NEW MEDIA telegraph and has evolved to include a wide
The Evolution of Traditional to New Media range of electronic devices that transmit
 Prehistoric age of media Before information quickly and efficiently.
1700 Key Characteristic
-refers to the period before the invention of  Instantaneous Communication:
writing systems, during which early humans Information can be shared almost instantly
used various methods to communicate, across vast distances.
record information, and convey messages.  Global Connectivity:
The world became more connected,
Examples of Prehistoric Media includes: shrinking distances between people and
1.Cave Paintings and Rock Art cultures.
2.Petroglyphs
3.Oral Traditions
4.Symbolic Artifacts
  Multimedia Content: Information is advent of the internet and digital
often presented in multiple forms— technology.
text, audio, video, and graphics. Examples
Examples of Media in the Electronic Age  Print media: Newspapers,
1.Radio magazines, brochures, and books.
2.Television  Broadcast media: Television and
3.Telegraph radio
4.Telephone  Outdoor media: Billboards, posters,
5.Computers and out-of-home advertising
6. Internet  New media
7. Mobile Phones refers to digital and internet-based forms
8. Email of communication that have emerged with
9. Digital Media the rise of technology and the internet.
 Information age of media 2000- These platforms and tools allow for
present interactive, on-demand, and often user-
also known as the Digital Age or the New generated content.
Media Age, refers to the period beginning in Example
the late 20th century characterized by the 1.Social Media Platforms
rapid shift from traditional industry to an 2.Websites and Blogs
economy based on information technology. 3.Streaming Services
The advent of digital technologies and the 4.Podcasts
internet revolutionized how information is 5. Mobile Applications
created, distributed, and consumed, leading 6. Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality
to the emergence of new forms of media. 7. Online News
Key characteristics 8. Digital Publications
 Digitization: Information is 9. User-Generated Content Platforms
converted into digital formats, 10.Online Communities and Forums
making it easier to store, retrieve,
and share. traditional
 Internet and Connectivity: The •Media experience is limited
global spread of the internet allows •One-directional
instant communication and access •Sense receptors used are very specific
to vast amounts of information. New
 New Media Forms: The rise of digital • Media experience is interactive
platforms, social media, and other •Audience are more involve and can send
online channels that enable user- feedback simultaneously
generated content and interactive •Integrate all aspects of old media
communication.
2. THE EVOLUTION OF TRADITIONAL
 Information Overload: The massive
TO NEW MEDIA
volume of information available can
Traditional vs. New Media
be overwhelming, leading to Roles and Functions of Media
challenges in finding relevant or Normative Theories of the Press
accurate information.
 Globalization: Information
technology connects people
worldwide, fostering global
communication and cultural
exchange.
Examples of Media in the information Age
1.Social Media Platforms
2.Streaming Services
3.Digital News Outlets
4.E-books and Online Libraries
5.Podcasts and Digital Radio
 Traditional media
refers to established means of mass
communication that existed before the
 • DISSENT- strong difference of
opinion; disagreement esp. about
official decisions
 “WATCHDOG” ROLE OF
JOURNALISM
A watchdog is a person or organization
that makes sure that companies,
governments, etc., are not doing
anything illegal or wrong
 CHANNEL FOR ADVOCACY FOR
POLITICAL VIEWPOINTS

MEDIA AND GOVERNMENT

Normative Theories of the Press
Authoritarian
Soviet Media
Libertarian
Social Responsibility

 Authoritarian Theory of the Press

THE EVOLUTION OF TRADITIONAL

TO NEW MEDIA (Part 2) The authoritarian theory explains that the
Functions of Communication and Media
government authority directly controls the
Current Issues in Philippine Media
communication outlets. The government
controls the press, information, and
FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION AND
communication systems directly and
MEDIA
indirectly
 . INFORM CITIZENS OF WHAT IS
HAPPENING (MONITORING The press cannot work independently. So,
FUNCTION) it publishes news and information that the
 EDUCATE THE AUDIENCE government wants to know about the public
(MEANING AND SIGNIFICANCE OF in the country. The authority set the code of
FACTS conduct for the news agencies. Therefore,
 PROVIDE A PLATFORM the news publishing outlets must need to
FOR PUBLIC DISCOURSE follow the rules and regulations set by the
(PUBLIC OPINION AND EXPRESSION management. The authority also has the
OF DISSENT) right to provide a license and cancel it.
DEFINITION OF TERMS Usually, they revoke the license when the
• PUBLIC OPINION- views prevalent media violate the policies imposed by the
among the general public government. The media practitioners follow
the government’s instructions thoroughly to Freedom of Press” in the United States in
publish the news. 1949. Anyone can express their opinion
through mass media. Additionally, mass
media play an essential role in raising a
voice against discrimination and corruption.

 Libertarian Theory of the Press  Communist Soviet Theory

Libertarian theory refers to the freedom of

the press to disseminate information (Siebert
et al., 1956). Therefore, it is also known as
the normative theory of mass
communication. The mass media outlets are
entirely free to publish any ethical news and
information. The press works as the
watchdog of the community and society in
the country.
Mass media and communication systems
are free from the government to publish
news. The government does not control the
press when they disseminate information,
even though they criticize its activities.
Communist Soviet Theory describes that
Therefore, journalists and media
the ministry of the respective
practitioners manage the press directly.
government controls the press media, but
 Social Responsibility Theory of the they are free to work for the society. The
Press government regulates and guides the
mass media outlets for the benefit of the
people. They can publish any news
without taking permission from the
authority, but the government agency
controls the entire system at the end of
the day.
The government agency owns the press
media, but they are free to work for
society. Finally, the government set
Social responsibility theory explains that official media to deliver the information
the press media do not need to take to society.
permission from the government to
distribute news and information; however, CURRENT ISSUES
they think about society when publishing IN PHILIPPINE MEDIA
news. The media are somewhat free from
the government but controlled by the people
of the country’s society.
In mid 20th Century, many countries
applied the social responsibility theory
incorporating “the Commission of the
 Identifying Fake News
When do we say that information is fake?
 Manipulated and misleading
 Link to evidence is not provided (if links
are provided, it’s usually not related to
the topic)
INFORMATION LITERACY
 Present half-truths
What is information Literacy?  May intend to hurt or fool someone/ a
group of people.
-The ability to recognize when information
is needed and to locate, evaluate, effectively
Facebook Algorithm
use and communicate information in its
1. Facebook remembers all the content that we:
various formats.
• Opened/read
5 Components of Information Literacy by • Commented on
Seminole State Library • Liked/Shared
• Sent to others/”friends”
2. This gives FB the go signal to add similar
content on our news feed.
3. This results to filter bubbles/echo chambers –
situations where the user receives common
opinions only or opinions similar to the user’s
preference.
ECHO CHAMBERS AND FILTER BUBBLES
An echo chamber is an environment where a
person only encounters information or opinions
Misinformation Vs Disinformation that reflect and reinforce their own.
 Recognizing eco chambers
Echo chambers can also be tricky to recognize,
especially if you’re in one. If you’re ever
wondering if a social group or website may be
an echo chamber, stop and think about a few
questions:
1. Do they tend to only give one
perspective on an issue?
2. Is that viewpoint mainly supported by
rumor or incomplete evidence?
3. Are facts ignored whenever they go
against that viewpoint?
If you answered yes to any of these questions,
you may have found an echo chamber.

 Avoiding Eco Chambers

There’s no perfect way to avoid echo chambers,
but here are a few tips that can help you stay on
the right track.
1. Make a habit of checking multiple news
sources to ensure you’re getting
complete, objective info.
2. Interact with people of different
perspectives, and take care to discuss
 new ideas with facts, patience, and
respect.
3. Remember that just because you want
something to be true, doesn’t make it
fact.
What is a Filter Bubble?
The problem is that algorithms can put you in a
filter bubble, a term coined by Internet activist
Eli Pariser. Being in a filter bubble means these
algorithms have isolated you from information
and perspectives you haven’t already expressed
an interest in, meaning you may miss out on
important information.

COMMUNICATION
What is Communication?

1. Who wrote the post? Was it an individual?

Was it a group or an organization?
2. What do you think is the point of view of the
owner of the post? Does it have something to
do with the owner’s background?
3. Is there a motive behind the sharing of this
information.