Class X Mathematics Notes Chapter 5 Arithmetic Progressions
Class X Mathematics Notes Chapter 5 Arithmetic Progressions
Resource Material
For Revised Syllabus Session 2024-25
EXEMPLAR
SOLUTIONS
MATHS
Chapter :Arithematic Progressions
Class
10
Powered by
Chapter 5-
Arithematic Progressions
Exercise 5.1
Choose the correct answer from the given four options in the following questions:
1. In an AP, if d = –4, n = 7, an = 4, then a is
(A) 6 (B) 7 (C) 20 (D) 28
Solution:
(D) 28
Explanation:
We know that nth term of an AP is
an = a + (n - 1)d
where,
a = first term
an is nth term
d is the common difference
According to the question,
4 = a + (7 - 1)(- 4)
4 = a – 24
a = 24 + 4 = 28
5. The first four terms of an AP, whose first term is –2 and the common difference is –2, are
(A) – 2, 0, 2, 4
(B) – 2, 4, – 8, 16
(C) – 2, – 4, – 6, – 8
(D) – 2, – 4, – 8, –16
Solution:
(C) – 2, – 4, – 6, – 8
Explanation:
First term, a = - 2
Second Term, d = - 2
a1 = a = - 2
We know that the nth term of an AP is
an = a + (n - 1)d
Where,
a = first term
an is nth term
d is the common difference
Hence, we have,
a2 = a + d = - 2 + (- 2) = - 4
Similarly,
a3 = - 6
a4 = - 8
So the A.P is
- 2, - 4, - 6, - 8
6. The 21st term of the AP whose first two terms are –3 and 4 is
(A) 17 (B) 137 (C) 143 (D) –143
Solution:
(B) 137
Explanation:
First two terms of an AP are a = - 3 and a2 = 4.
We know, nth term of an AP is
an = a + (n - 1)d
Where,
a = first term
an is nth term
d is the common difference
a2 = a + d
4=-3+d
d=7
Common difference, d = 7
a21 = a + 20d
= - 3 + (20)(7)
= 137
7. If the 2nd term of an AP is 13 and the 5th term is 25, what is its 7th term?
(A) 30 (B) 33 (C) 37 (D) 38
Solution:
(B) 33
Explanation:
We know that the nth term of an AP is
an = a + (n - 1)d
Where,
a = first term
an is nth term
d is the common difference
a2 = a + d = 13 …..(1)
a5 = a + 4d = 25 …… (2)
From equation (1) we have,
a = 13 – d
Using this in equation (2), we have
13 - d + 4d = 25
13 + 3d = 25
3d = 12
d=4
a = 13 - 4 = 9
a7 = a + 6d
= 9 + 6(4)
= 9 + 24 = 33
(ii) 0, 2, 0, 2,...
Solution:
We have a1 = 0, a2 = 2, a3 = 0 and a4 = 2
a2 - a1 = 2
a3 - a2 = - 2
a4 - a3 = 2
Clearly, the difference of successive terms is not same, therefore given list of numbers
does not form an AP.
(iii) 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3...
Solution:
We have a1 = 1 , a2 = 1, a3 = 2 and a4 = 2
a2 - a1 = 0
a3 - a2 = 1
Clearly, the difference of successive terms is not same, therefore given list of numbers
does not form an AP.
2. Justify whether it is true to say that –1, -3/2, –2, 5/2,... forms an AP as
a2 – a1 = a3 – a2.
Solution:
False
a1 = -1, a2 = -3/2, a3 = -2 and a4 = 5/2
a2 – a1 = -3/2 – (-1) = - ½
a3 – a2 = - 2 – (- 3/2) = - ½
a4 – a3 = 5/2 – (-2) = 9/2
Clearly, the difference of successive terms in not same, all though, a2 - a1 = a3 - a2 but a4 -
a3 ≠ a3 - a2 therefore it does not form an AP.
3. For the AP: –3, –7, –11, ..., can we find directly a30 – a20 without actually finding a30 and a20?
Give reasons for your answer.
Solution:
True
Given
First term, a = - 3
Common difference, d = a2 - a1 = - 7 - (- 3) = - 4
a30 - a20 = a + 29d - (a + 19d)
= 10d
= - 40
It is so because difference between any two terms of an AP is proportional to common
difference of that AP
4. Two APs have the same common difference. The first term of one AP is 2 and that of the other
is 7. The difference between their 10th terms is the same as the difference between their 21st
terms, which is the same as the difference between any two corresponding terms. Why?
Solution:
Suppose there are two AP's with first terms a and A
And their common differences are d and D respectively
Suppose n be any term
an = a + (n - 1)d
An = A + (n - 1)D
As common difference is equal for both AP's
We have D = d
Using this we have
An - an = a + (n - - 1)d - [ A + (n - 1)D]
= a + (n - 1)d - A - (n - 1)d
=a–A
As a - A is a constant value
Therefore, difference between any corresponding terms will be equal to a - A.
Exercise 5.3
1. Match the APs given in column A with suitable common differences given in column B.
Column A Column B
(A1) 2, – 2, – 6, –10,... (B1) 2/3
(A2) a = –18, n = 10, an = 0 (B2) –5
(A3) a = 0, a10 = 6 (B3) 4
(A4) a2 = 13, a4 =3 (B4) –4
(B5) 2
(B6) 1/2
(B7) 5
Solution:
(A1) AP is 2, - 2, - 6, - 10, ….
So common difference is simply
a2 - a1 = - 2 - 2 = - 4 = (B3)
(A2) Given
First term, a = - 18
No of terms, n = 10
Last term, an = 0
By using the nth term formula
an = a + (n - 1)d
0 = - 18 + (10 - 1)d
18 = 9d
d = 2 = (B5)
(A3) Given
First term, a = 0
Tenth term, a10 = 6
By using the nth term formula
an = a + (n - 1)d
a10 = a + 9d
6 = 0 + 9d
d = 2/3 = (B6)
(v) a, 2a + 1, 3a + 2, 4a + 3,...
Solution:
Here a1 = a
a2 = 2a + 1
a3 = 3a + 2
a4 = 4a + 3
a2 - a1 = (2a + 1) – (a) = a + 1
a3 - a2 = (3a + 2) – (2a + 1) = a + 1
a4 - a3 = (4a + 3) – (3a+2) = a + 1
Since, difference of successive terms are equal,
Hence, a, 2a + 1, 3a + 2, 4a + 3,... is an AP with common difference a+1.
Therefore, the next three term will be,
4a + 3 +(a + 1), 4a + 3 + 2(a + 1), 4a + 3 + 3(a + 1)
5a + 4, 6a + 5, 7a + 6
3. Write the first three terms of the APs when a and d are as given below:
(i) a =1/2, d = -1/6
(ii) a = –5, d = –3
(iii) a = 2 , d = 1/√2
Solution:
(i) a =1/2, d = -1/6
We know that,
First three terms of AP are :
a, a + d, a + 2d
½, ½ + (-1/6), ½ + 2 (-1/6)
½, 1/3, 1/6
(ii) a = –5, d = –3
We know that,
First three terms of AP are :
a, a + d, a + 2d
-5, - 5 + 1 (- 3), - 5 + 2 (- 3)
- 5, - 8, - 11
(iii) a = √2 , d = 1/√2
We know that,
First three terms of AP are :
a, a + d, a + 2d
√2, √2+1/√2, √2+2/√2
√2, 3/√2, 4/√2
4. Find a, b and c such that the following numbers are in AP: a, 7, b, 23, c.
Solution:
For a, 7, b, 23, c… to be in AP
it has to satisfy the condition,
a5 - a4 = a4 - a3 = a3 - a2 = a2 - a1 = d
Where d is thecommon difference
7 - a = b - 7 = 23 - b = c – 23 …(1)
Let us equate,
b - 7 = 23 – b
2b = 30
b = 15 (eqn 1)
And,
7-a=b–7
From eqn 1
7 - a = 15 – 7
a=-1
And,
c - 23 = 23 – b
c - 23 = 23 – 15
c - 23 = 8
c = 31
So a = - 1
b = 15
c = 31
Then, we can say that, the sequence - 1, 7, 15, 23, 31 is an AP
5. Determine the AP whose fifth term is 19 and the difference of the eighth term from the
thirteenth term is 20.
Solution:
We know that,
The first term of an AP = a
And, the common difference = d.
According to the question,
5th term, a5 = 19
Using the nth term formula,
an = a + (n - 1)d
We get,
a + 4d = 19
a = 19 - 4d …(1)
Also,
20th term - 8th term = 20
a + 19d - (a + 7d) = 20
12d = 20
d = 4/3
Substituting d = 4/3 in equation 1,
We get,
a = 19 – 4(4/3)
a = 41/3
Then, the AP becomes,
41/3, 41/3 + 4/3 , 41/3 + 2(4/3)
41/3, 15, 49/3
Exercise 5.4
1. The sum of the first five terms of an AP and the sum of the first seven terms of the same AP is
167. If the sum of the first ten terms of this AP is 235, find the sum of its first twenty terms.
Solution:
We know that, in an A.P.,
First term = a
Common difference = d
Number of terms of an AP = n
According to the question,
We have,
S5 + S7 = 167
Using the formula for sum of n terms,
Sn = (n/2) [2a + (n-1)d]
So, we get,
(5/2) [2a + (5-1)d] + (7/2)[2a + (7-1)d] = 167
5(2a + 4d) + 7(2a + 6d) = 334
10a + 20d + 14a + 42d = 334
24a + 62d = 334
12a + 31d = 167
12a = 167 - 31d …(1)
We have,
S10 = 235
(10/2) [2a + (10-1)d] = 235
5[ 2a + 9d] = 235
2a + 9d = 47
Multiplying L.H.S and R.H.S by 6,
We get,
12a + 54d = 282
From equation (1)
167 - 31d + 54d = 282
23d = 282 – 167
23d = 115
d=5
Substituting the value of d = 5 in equation (1)
12a = 167 - 31(5)
12a = 167 – 155
12a = 12
a=1
We know that,
S20 = (n/2) [2a + (20 – 1)d]
= 20/(2[2(1) + 19 (5)])
= 10[ 2 + 95]
= 970
Therefore, the sum of first 20 terms is 970.
2. Find the
(i) Sum of those integers between 1 and 500 which are multiples of 2 as well as of 5.
(ii) Sum of those integers from 1 to 500 which are multiples of 2 as well as of 5 .
(iii) Sum of those integers from 1 to 500 which are multiples of 2 or 5.
[Hint (iii): These numbers will be: multiples of 2 + multiples of 5 – multiples of 2 as well as
of 5]
Solution:
(i) Sum of those integers between 1 and 500 which are multiples of 2 as well as of 5.
We know that,
Multiples of 2 as well as of 5 = LCM of (2, 5) = 10
Multiples of 2 as well as of 5 between 1 and 500 = 10, 20, 30…, 490.
Hence,
We can conclude that 10, 20, 30…, 490 is an AP with common difference, d = 10
First term, a = 10
Let the number of terms in this AP = n
Using nth term formula,
an = a + (n - 1)d
490 = 10 + (n - 1)10
480 = (n - 1)10
n - 1 = 48
n = 49
Sum of an AP,
Sn = (n/2) [a + an], here an is the last term, which is given]
= (49/2) × [10 + 490]
= (49/2) × [500]
= 49 × 250
= 12250
Therefore, sum of those integers between 1 and 500 which are multiples of 2 as well as of
5 = 12250
(ii) Sum of those integers from 1 to 500 which are multiples of 2 as well as of 5.
We know that,
Multiples of 2 as well as of 5 = LCM of (2, 5) = 10
Multiples of 2 as well as of 5 from 1 and 500 = 10, 20, 30…, 500.
Hence,
We can conclude that 10, 20, 30…, 500 is an AP with common difference, d = 10
First term, a = 10
Let the number of terms in this AP = n
Using nth term formula,
an = a + (n - 1)d
500 = 10 + (n - 1)10
490 = (n - 1)10
n - 1 = 49
n = 50
Sum of an AP,
Sn = (n/2) [ a + an], here an is the last term, which is given]
= (50/2) ×[10+500]
= 25× [10 + 500]
= 25(510)
= 12750
Therefore, sum of those integers from 1 to 500 which are multiples of 2 as well as of 5=
12750
3. The eighth term of an AP is half its second term and the eleventh term exceeds one third of its
fourth term by 1. Find the 15th term.
Solution:
We know that,
First term of an AP = a
Common difference of AP = d
nth term of an AP, an = a + (n - 1)d
According to the question,
as = ½ a2
2a8 = a2
2(a + 7d) = a + d
2a + 14d = a + d
a = - 13d …(1)
Also,
a11 = 1/3 a4 + 1
3(a + 10d) = a + 3d + 3
3a + 30d = a + 3d + 3
2a + 27d = 3
Substituting a = -13d in the equation,
2 (- 13d) + 27d = 3
d=3
Then,
a = - 13(3)= - 39
Now,
a15 = a + 14d
= - 39 + 14(3)
= - 39 + 42
=3
So 15th term is 3.
4. An AP consists of 37 terms. The sum of the three middle most terms is 225 and the sum of the
last three is 429. Find the AP.
Solution:
We know that,
First term of an AP = a
Common difference of AP = d
nth term of an AP, an = a + (n - 1)d
Since, n = 37 (odd),
Middle term will be (n+1)/2 = 19th term
Thus, the three middle most terms will be,
18th, 19th and 20th terms
According to the question,
a18 + a19 + a20 = 225
Using an = a + (n - 1)d
a + 17d + a + 18d + a + 19d = 225
3a + 54d = 225
3a = 225 - 54d
a = 75 - 18d … (1)
Now, we know that last three terms will be 35th, 36th and 37th terms.
According to the question,
a35 + a36 + a37 = 429
a + 34d + a + 35d + a + 36d = 429
3a + 105d = 429
a + 35d = 143
Substituting a = 75 - 18d from equation 1,
75 - 18d + 35d = 143 [ using eqn1]
17d = 68
d=4
Then,
a = 75 - 18(4)
a=3
Therefore, the AP is a, a + d, a + 2d….
i.e. 3, 7, 11….
5. Find the sum of the integers between 100 and 200 that are
(i) divisible by 9
(ii) not divisible by 9
[Hint (ii): These numbers will be: Total numbers – Total numbers divisible by 9]
Solution:
(i) The number between 100 and 200 which is divisible by 9 = 108, 117, 126, …198
Let the number of terms between 100 and 200 which is divisible by 9 = n
an = a + (n - 1)d
198 = 108 + (n - 1)9
90 = (n - 1)9
n - 1 = 10
n = 11
Sum of an AP = Sn = (n/2) [ a + an]
Sn = (11/2) × [108 + 198]
= (11/2) × 306
= 11(153)
= 1683
(ii) Sum of the integers between 100 and 200 which is not divisible by 9 = (sum of total numbers
between 100 and 200) – (sum of total numbers between 100 and 200 which is divisible by 9)
Sum, S = S1 - S2
Here,
S1 = sum of AP 101, 102, 103, - - - , 199
S2 = sum of AP 108, 117, 126, - - - , 198
For AP 101, 102, 103, - - - , 199
First term, a = 101
Common difference, d = 199
Number of terms = n
Then,
an = a + (n - 1)d
199 = 101 + (n - 1)1
98 = (n - 1)
n = 99
Sum of an AP = Sn = (n/2) [ a + an]
Sum of this AP,
S1 = (99/2) × [199 + 101]
= (99/2) × 300
= 99(150)
= 14850
Access to Previous Years' Question Papers and Topper Answers: The group
provides access to previous years' question papers (PYQ) and exemplary answer
scripts of toppers. This resource is invaluable for exam preparation, allowing
individuals to familiarize themselves with the exam format, gain insights into scoring
techniques, and enhance their performance in assessments.
Free and Unlimited Resources: Members enjoy the benefit of accessing an array of
educational resources without any cost restrictions. Whether its study materials,
teaching aids, or assessment tools, the group offers an abundance of resources
tailored to individual needs. This accessibility ensures that educators and students
have ample support in their academic endeavors without financial constraints.
Instant Access to Educational Content: SOE WhatsApp groups are a platform where
teachers can access a wide range of educational content instantly. This includes study
materials, notes, sample papers, reference materials, and relevant links shared by
group members and moderators.
Timely Updates and Reminders: SOE WhatsApp groups serve as a source of timely
updates and reminders about important dates, exam schedules, syllabus changes, and
academic events. Teachers can stay informed and well-prepared for upcoming
assessments and activities.
Access to Expert Guidance: SOE WhatsApp groups are moderated by subject matter
experts, teachers, or experienced educators can benefit from their guidance,
expertise, and insights on various academic topics, exam strategies, and study
techniques.
Join the School of Educators WhatsApp Group today and unlock a world of resources,
support, and collaboration to take your teaching to new heights. To join, simply click
on the group links provided below or send a message to +91-95208-77777 expressing
your interest.
Best Regards,
Team
School of Educators
Join School of Educators WhatsApp Groups
You will get Pre- Board Papers PDF, Word file, PPT, Lesson Plan, Worksheet, practical
tips and Viva questions, reference books, smart content, curriculum, syllabus,
marking scheme, toppers answer scripts, revised exam pattern, revised syllabus,
Blue Print etc. here . Join Your Subject / Class WhatsApp Group.
Entrepreneurship French IT
Artificial Intelligence
You will get Pre- Board Papers PDF, Word file, PPT, Lesson Plan, Worksheet, practical
tips and Viva questions, reference books, smart content, curriculum, syllabus,
marking scheme, toppers answer scripts, revised exam pattern, revised syllabus,
Blue Print etc. here . Join Your Subject / Class WhatsApp Group.
Artificial Intelligence
Entrepreneurship French IT
AI IIT/NEET CUET
Groups Rules & Regulations:
To maximize the benefits of these WhatsApp groups, follow these guidelines:
Additional notes:
1. Avoid posting messages between 9 PM and 7 AM.
2. After sharing resources with students, consider deleting outdated data if necessary.
3. It's a NO Nuisance groups, single nuisance and you will be removed.
No introductions.
No greetings or wish messages.
No personal chats or messages.
No spam. Or voice calls
Share and seek learning resources only.
Join our premium groups and just Rs. 1000 and gain access to all our exclusive
materials for the entire academic year. Whether you're a student in Class IX, X, XI, or
XII, or a teacher for these grades, Artham Resources provides the ultimate tools to
enhance learning. Pay now to delve into a world of premium educational content!
Class 12
📣 Don't Miss Out! Elevate your academic journey with top-notch study materials and secure
your path to top scores! Revolutionize your study routine and reach your academic goals with
our comprehensive resources. Join now and set yourself up for success! 📚🌟
Best Wishes,
Team
School of Educators & Artham Resources
SKILL MODULES BEING OFFERED IN
MIDDLE SCHOOL
Artificial Intelligence Beauty & Wellness Design Thinking & Financial Literacy
Innovation
Digital Citizenship Life Cycle of Medicine & Things you should know What to do when Doctor
Vaccine about keeping Medicines is not around
at home
Application of Photography
Satellites
SKILL SUBJECTS AT SECONDARY LEVEL (CLASSES IX – X)
Food Production Front Office Operations Banking & Insurance Marketing & Sales
Artificial Intelligence
Physical Activity Trainer Electronics & Hardware
Data Science
(NEW)
Mass Media Studies Library & Information Fashion Studies Applied Mathematics
Science