PLUMBER-JOURNEYMAN (RESTRICTED): A Journeyman Plumber (Restricted)

is a person who on, or before, the 31st day of March, 1974 had passed a
qualifying examination set by the Ministry of Works. AJourneyman Plumber
(Restricted) hold ing a Certificate of Competancy issued by the Minister may
engage in plumbing work as a journeyman plumber (as set out above) in the
island, or district, for which his Certificate is restricted.

PRIVATE PROPERTY: Private property for the purpose of this Code shall mean all
property except streets or roads dedicated to the public and easements (excluding
easements between private parties.) See the Act and Rules for further
definition and interpretation.

PRIVATE OR PRIVATE USE: In the classification of plumbing fixtures, private ap

plies to fixtures in residences and apartments and to fixtures in private bathrooms
of hotel and similar installations where the fixtures are intended for the use of a
family or an individual.

PRIVATE SEWER: A private sewer is a sewer privately owned and not directly
controlled by Government.

PUBLIC OR PUBLIC USE: In the classification of plumbing fixtures "public"

ap plies to fixtures in commercial and industrial establishment, in restaurants,
bars, public buildings, comfort stations, schools, gymnasiums, or places to which
the public is invited or which are frequented by the public without special
permission or special invitation, and other installations (whether pay or free)
where a number of fixtures are installed so that their use is similarly unrestricted.

PUBLIC SEWER: A public sewer is a common sewer directly controlled by Govern

ment.

PUBLIC SWIMMING POOL: A public swimming pool is a pool together with its
buildings and appurtenances where the public is allowed to bathe or is open to the
public for bathing purposes by consent of the owner.

RELIEF VENT: A relief vent is a vent, the primary function of which is to

provide circulation of air between drainage and vent systems.

REVENT:A revent pipe is a vent which connects directly with an individual waste,
or group of wastes underneath, or back of the fixture, and extends either to the
main, loop, or circuit vent, or branch vent pipe.

RIM: For the purpose of this Code a rim is an unobstructed open edge at the
overflow point of a fixture.

ROCK DRAINFIELD: Three-quarter inch drainfield rock 100 percent passing a

one inch screen and a maximum of ten percent passing a one-half inch screen.

36-1
ROOF-DRAIN: A roof drain is an outlet instilled to receive water collecting on
the surface of a roof and to discharge it into the leader (downspout).

ROUGHING-IN: Roughing-in is the installation of all parts of the plumbing sys

tem which can be completed prior to the installation of fixtures, or finishing
work.

RULES: Rules in this Chapter of the Code, mean subsidiary legislation to the Act
known as The Buildings Regulation (Plumbing) Rules.

SANITARY SEWER: A sanitary sewer is a pipe which carries sewage and

excludes storm, surface and ground water.

SECOND HAND: Second hand as applied to material or plumbing equipment is

that which has been installed, and has been used or removed.

SEPARATOR: See Interceptor.

SEPTIC TANK: Aseptic tank is a watertight receptacle which receives the discharge
of a drainage system or part thereof, and is designed and constructed so as to
sepa rate solids from the liquid, digest organic matter through a period of
detention, and allow the liquids to discharge into the soil outside of the tank
through a sub surface system of open-joint or perforated piping, or other approved
methods.

SEWAGE:Sewage is any liquid waste containing animal, mineral or vegetable matter

in suspension or solution, and may include liquids containing chemicals in solu
tion.

SHALL: The word "shall" is a mandatory term.

SHOULD: The word "should," for purposes of this Chapter of the Code is permis
sive, but implies a strong recommendation for compliance.

SLOPE: See Grade.

SOIL WATER: Soil water is waste water which contains human or animal excretions.

SOIL PIPE: A soil pipe is any pipe which conveys the discharge of water closets
or fixtures having similar functions, with or without the discharge from other fix
tures, to the building drain or building sewer.

SPECIAL WASTE PIPE: See Indirect Waste Pipe.

STACK: A stack is the vertical pipe of a system of soil, waste, or vent piping.

STACK VENT: A stack vent (sometimes called a waste vent or soil vent) is the
36-2
ex tension of a soil or waste stack above the highest horizontal drain connected to
the stack.

36-3
STORM DRAIN: See Building Storm Drains.

STANDPIPE SYSTEMS: A system of piping installed for fire protection purposes

having a primary water supply constantly or automatically available at each hose
outlet.

STORM SEWER: A storm sewer is a sewer used for conveying rain water and/ or
surface water.

STOREY: That part of a building comprised between a floor and a floor or roof
next above, including a basement with a ceiling which is six feet, or more above
the line and grade of the sidewalk but neither a cellar, an attic nor a penthouse.

SUBSURFACE DRAIN: A subsoil drain is a drain which receives only subsurface

or seepage water and conveys it to a place of disposal.

SUMP: A sump is a tank or pit which receives sewage or liquid waste, located
below the normal grade of the gravity system and which must be emptied by me
chanical means.

SUPPORTS: Supports, hangers, and anchors are devices for supporting and secur
ing pipe and fixtures to walls, ceilings, floors, or structural members.

SUPPLY WELL: Any artificial opening in the ground designed to conduct water
from a source bed through the surface when water from such well is used for pub
lic, semi-public or private use.

TRAP: A trap is a fitting or device so designed and constructed as to provide a

liquid seal which will prevent the back passage of air without materially affecting
the flow of sewage or waste water through it.

TRAP SEAL: The trap seal is the maximum vertical depth of liquid that a trap
will retain, measured between the crown weir and the top of the dip of the trap.

V.W.C.: V.W.C. is an abbreviation for "vacuum water closet" for use with a vacuum
drainage system.

VACUUM DRAINAGE SYSTEM: A vacuum drainage system is a piping system

for conveying water under the motive force of a negative pressure in the system.

VACUUM BREAKER: See Backflow Preventer.

VENT STACK: A vent stack is a vertical vent pipe installed primarily for the pur
pose of providing circulation of air to and from any part of the drainage system.

VENT SYSTEM:A vent system is a pipe or pipes installed to provide a flow of air to
or from a drainage system or to provide a circulation of air within such system to
36-4
maintain integrity of trap seals.

VENTILATION-TOILET ROOMS: The process or means of supplying or

remov ing air which may or may not be conditioned for temperature and humidity
by natural or mechanical means to and from the outside atmosphere.

VERTICAL PIPE: A vertical pipe is any pipe or fitting which is installed in a

verti cal position or which makes an angle of not more than 45 degrees with the
vertical.

WASTE: See Liquid Waste and industrial Wastes.

WASTE WATER: Waste water is water which does not contain human or animal
excretions.

WASTE PIPE:A waste pipe is any pipe which receives the discharge of any
fixture, except water closets or fixtures having similar functions and conveys it to
the build ing drain or to the soil or waste stack.

WATER-DISTRIBUTING PIPE: A water-distributing pipe in a building or

premises is a pipe which conveys water from the water-service pipe to the
plumbing fixtures, appliances and other water outlets.

WATER MAIN: The water (street) main is a water supply pipe for public or
community use.

WATER OUTLET: A water outlet, as used in connection with the water-distribut

ing system, is the discharge opening for the water,
(1) to a fixture;
(2) to atmospheric pressure (except into an open tank which is part
of the water-supply system);
(3) to a boiler or heating system;
(4) to any water-operated device or equipment requiring water to op
erate.

WATER SERVICE PIPE: The water-service pipe is the pipe from the water main or
other source of water supply to the building served.

WATER-SUPPLY SYSTEM:The water-supply system of a building or premises con

sists of the water-service pipe, the water-distributing pipes, standpipe system and
the necessary connecting pipes, fittings, control valves, and all appurtenances in or
on private property.

WET VENT: A wet vent is a waste pipe which serves to simultaneously vent and
convey waste from fixtures other than water closets.

YOKE VENT:A yoke vent is a pipe connecting upward from a soil or waste stack
36-5
to a vent stack for the purpose of preventing pressure changes in the stacks.

36-6
SUB-INDEX

3603 GENERAL

Paragraph No. Paragraph Title Page No.

3603.1 Conformance With Code 36-26

3603.2 Change in Direction 36-26
3603.3 Prohibited Fittings and Connections 36-26
3603.4 Repair and Alterations to Existing Plumbing 36-26
3603.5 Trenching, Excavation, and Backfilling 36-26
(a) Support of Piping 36-26
(b) Open Trenches 36-26
(c) Backfilling 36-26
3603.6 Structural Safety 36-27
3603.7 Higher Requirements 36-27
3603.8 Protection of Pipes 36-27
(a) Breakage and Corrosion 36-27
(b) Cutting or Notching 36-27
(c) Pipes Through Footings or Foundation Walls 36-27
3603.9 Damage to Drainage System or Public Sewer 36-27
3603.10 Industrial Wastes 36-28
3603.11 Sleeves 36-28
3603.12 Vermin Proofing 36-28
3603.13 Used or Second-Hand Equipment 36-28
3603.14 Condemned Equipment 36-28
3603.15 Piping in Relation to Footings 36-28
3603.16 Connections to Plumbing System Required 36-28
3603.17 Sewer Required 36-28
3603.18 Location of Fixtures 36-29
(a) Light and Ventilation 36-29
(b) Improper Location 36-29
3603.19 Floor Connections for Integral Trap Fixtures 36-29
(a) Lead or Cast Iron 36-29
(b) Reducing 36-29
(c) Copper or P.V.C. 36-29
(d) Wood Floor Construction 36-29
3603.20 Dead Ends 36-29
3603.21 Temporary Toilets 36-29
(a) General 36-29
(b) Construction Sites 36-30
(c) Public Assembly 36-30
(d) Temporary Toilet Enclosure 36-30
(e) Water-Borne Flush Type 36-31
(f) Portable Chemical Type 36-32
3603.22 Colour Code for Piping 36-32
3603.23 Special Piping Systems 36-33
3603.24 Accessibility for Service 36-33
3603.25 General Safety 36-34

36-7
PLUMBING (Continued)

3603 GENERAL

3603.1 CONFORMANCE WITH CODE: All plumbing systems hereafter

installed shall conform to the minimum requirements and provisions as
set forth in this Code.

3603.2 CHANGE IN DIRECTION: Changes in direction in drainage shall be

made by appropriate use of 45-degree wyes, long-or-short-sweep quarter
bends, sixth, eighth, or sixteenth bends, or by a combination of these or
other approved fittings. Single and double sanitary tees, quarter bends
and one fifth bends may be used in vertical sections of drainage lines
only where the direction of flow is from the horizontal to the vertical.

3603.3 PROHIBITED FITTINGS AND CONNECTIONS:

(a) No fitting having a hub in the direction opposite to flow, or tee
branch shall be used as a drainage fitting.

(b) No running threads, bands, or saddles shall be used in new

drainage systems.

(c) No drainage or vent piping shall be drilled or tapped.

3603.4 REPAIR AND ALTERATIONS TO EXISTING PLUMBING: Alteration,

repair or renovation of existing plumbing or drainage installations may
be made at variance from the provisions of this Code, provided such de
viations conform to the intent of the Code and are approved in writing
by the Minister. Any previously installed fixture or material found to be
de fective, deteriorated or dangerous to personal health or safety by the
Min ister of Health shall be replaced in accordance with the provisions
of the Act and Rules, and this Chapter of the Code.

3603.5 TRENCHING, EXCAVATION, AND BACKFILLING:

(a) SUPPORT OF PIPING: Buried piping shall be securely
supported in an approved manner to prevent sagging,
misalignment and breaking.

(b) OPEN TRENCHES: All excavations required to be made for the

installation of a plumbing piping system shall be open trench
work and shall be kept open until the piping has been inspected,
tested and accepted.

(c) BACKFILLING: Adequate precaution shall be taken to insure

proper compactness of backfill around piping without damage to
such piping. Backfilling to a point not less than 12 inches above
the
36-8
 top of the pipe shall be placed in thin layers with clean fill
which does not contain stones, boulders, cinder-fill, or other
material which would damage or break the piping or cause
corrosive action.

3603.6 STRUCTURAL SAFETY: The work of installing or repairing any part of

a plumbing and/ or drainage system shall not impair the structural safety
of the building or premises. The building or premises shall be left in a
safe structural condition in accordance with the requirements of this
Code, and the Act and Rules.

3603.7 HIGHER REQUIREMENTS: Nothing herein contained shall be

construed to prevent the owner from using higher requirements than
those set forth in this Code.

3603.8 PROTECTION OF PIPES:

(a) BREAKAGE AND CORROSION: Pipes passing under or
through walls shall be protected from external loadings or against
differential settlement. Pipes in contact with cinders, concrete or
other corrosive materials shall be protected from external
corrosion by sleeves, coating, wrapping or other approved
methods which will prevent such corrosion.

(b) CUTTING OR NOTCHING: NO STRUCTURAL MEMBER, TIE

BEAM, OR THE COLUMN, SHALL BE REDUCED IN AREA BY
CUTTING, NOTCHING, OR OTHERWISE, EXCEPT TO THE
EXTENT PERMITTED BY THE BCO. NO EXTERIOR BLOCK
WALL SHALL BE NOTCHED, CUT OR CHASED TO ALLOW
INSTALLATION OF PLUMBING, EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT
PERMITTED BY THE BCO.

(c) PIPES THROUGH FOOTINGS OR FOUNDATION WALLS: All

piping passing under a footing shall have a clearance of at least
two inches between the top of the pipe and bottom of the footing.
All piping passing through cast-in-place concrete construction shall
be sleeved to provide one-half inch annular space around the
entire circumference of pipe to be sleeved.

3603.9 DAMAGE TO DRAINAGE SYSTEM OR PUBLIC SEWER: It shall be un

lawful for any person to deposit by any means into the building drainage
system or into a public or private sewer any ashes; cinders; rags;
flamma ble, poisonous, or explosive liquids; gases; oils; grease; or any
other del eterious material which would or could obstruct, damage, or
overload such system or sewer.

36-9
3603.10 INDUSTRIAL WASTES: Wastes detrimental to the public or private sewer
system or detrimental to the functioning of the sewage-treatment plant
shall be treated and disposed of as directed by the Minister and/ or the
Minister of Health. Air conditioning equipment shall not discharge di
rectly or indirectly into rainwater leaders which discharge into any sur
face gutter.

3603.11 SLEEVES: Annular space between sleeves and pipes shall be filled or
tightly caulked with coal tar or asphaltum compound, lead or other ma
terial found equally effective and approved as such by the BCO.

3603.12 VERMIN PROOFING: All inaccessible or concealed lead work within

the enclosing walls of a building not enclosed in concrete or fill, shall be
made ratproof by covering with copper or galvanised wire cloth well
secured. Interior openings through walls, floors, and ceilings shall be
sealed ver min proof.

3603.13 USED OR SECOND-HAND EQUIPMENT: It shall be unlawful to pur

chase, sell, or install used equipment or material for plumbing installa
tions unless it complies with the minimum standards set forth in this
Code.

3603.14 CONDEMNED EQUIPMENT: Any plumbing equipment condemned by

the BCO or the Minister of Health, shall not be re-used for plumbing pur
poses.

3603.15 PIPING IN RELATION TO FOOTINGS: Unless otherwise approved by

the BCO, by reason of a special design, no excavation for piping or
drain age work shall be placed within the angle of pressure as transferred
from the base of an existing structure to the sides of an excavation on a
45- degree angle, other than an excavation making an angle of more
than 45 degrees to the wall.

3603.16 CONNECTIONS TO PLUMBING SYSTEM REQUIRED:All plumbing fix

tures, drains, appurtenances, devices and appliances used to receive
or discharge liquid wastes or sewage shall be connected to a drainage
sys tem, in accordance with the provisions of this Code.

3603.17 SEWER REQUIRED:

(a) Every building in which plumbing fixtures are installed shall have
a connection to a public sewer if available within 300 feet.

(b) When a public sewer is not available for use, sewage and
drainage piping shall be connected to an approved individual
sewage, or waste disposal system.

36-10
3603.18 LOCATION OF FIXTURES:
(a) LIGHT AND VENTILATION: Plumbing fixtures shall be
located in compartments or rooms provided with ventilation and
illumi nation as set forth in the appropriate Chapters of the
Building Code.

(b) IMPROPER LOCATION: Piping, fixtures, or equipment shall

not be located in a manner to interfere with the normal operation
of windows, doors, or other exit openings.

3603.19 FLOOR CONNECTIONS FOR INTEGRAL TRAP FIXTURES:

(a) LEAD OR CAST IRON: Four-inch lead or cast iron bends and stubs
shall be used on floor standing water closets or similar integral
trap fixtures. The outlet may be dressed or swedged to receive a
three-inch ferrule. No three-inch lead stubs will be permitted for
fixtures with integral trap.

(b) REDUCING: Four-by-three-inch reducing one-quarter bends or 4

x 4-inch or 3 x 3-inch one-quarter bends are acceptable.

(c) COPPER OR P.V.C.:Annealed copper stubs with brass closet flanges

on a copper drainage system, may be installed by the use of a 4" x
3"-90 ell on 4 stub and standard brass closet flange, soldered to
copper stub, or 3 stub with 4 x 3 brass closet flange. P.V.C.
connections may be installed in a manner similar to copper.

(d) WOOD FLOOR CONSTRUCTION: Connections to

conventional water closets, or similar fixture installed on wood
floor in single or multi- storey buildings shall be with lead stubs
or bends, except where, in the opinion of the BCO, the piping
design incorporates sufficient flexibility to preclude damage to
the fixture if settlement of the floor occurs.

3603.20 DEAD ENDS: In the installation or removal of any part of a drainage

system, dead ends shall be avoided except where necessary to extend a
cleanout so as to be accessible, or where lines are extended to serve
future fixtures in specific, planned locations.

3603.21 TEMPORARY TOILETS:

(a) GENERAL:
(1) Sanitary facilities shall be required at construction sites, fairs,
carnivals, revivals, encampments and other locations where
numbers of people congregate for short periods of time and
such sanitary facilities shall be permanent facilities as set forth
herein or, where permanent facilities are not practicable,
may be temporary toilets either of a water-borne flush type
with sewer connection or of a portable chemical type, either
36-11
of which shall comply with the requirements set forth
herein.

36-12
 (2) Pit, bucket or ground surface privies shall be used only
after approval of the Minister of Health.

(3) Any persons desiring to provide or erect temporary toilet

facilities shall first submit plans and secure approval (as set
forth in this Chapter) from the Minister of Health.

(4) The permit for a temporary toilet shall be for such period of
time as the facilities may actually be needed but not to ex
ceed 3 months, except that for construction sites such
period may be for 6 months, or longer as approved by the
Minister of Health.

(5) Temporary facilities are acceptable only where permanent

facilities are not available.

(6) Temporary toilets shall be not less than 50 feet from any
sup ply well or underground potable water tank.

(b) CONSTRUCTION SITES:

(1) PERMANENT TOILETS: Permanent toilet facilities located
in a structure where alterations or additions are being made,
or toilet facilities within 200 feet of the construction work,
may be used provided the owner or party in possession
thereof shall have given written consent for the use of such
facilities during the entire period of construction and that a
letter of written consent is attached to the approved plans.

(2) MINIMUM FIXTURES: A water closet shall be provided for

each 25 workmen or fraction thereof, and where the build
ing under construction is multi-storeyed, such facilities
shall also be provided on the fifth and tenth floors.

(c) PUBLIC ASSEMBLY: In places of public assembly such as fairs,

carnivals, encampments and similar temporary assembly, where
permanent facilities are not available, toilet facilities shall be
provided as approved by the Minister of Health, and may be of
the temporary type as set forth herein.

(d) TEMPORARY TOILET ENCLOSURE:

(1) Regardless of the type of fixtures, all temporary toilets shall
be enclosed in fly-tight, weather protected, well
ventilated buildings with self-closing doors or the
containers shall be enclosed to be fly-tight and ventilated
with screened vents having an area not less than 1 / 7
of the floor area.
36-13
 (2) Doors to stalls shall be provided with internal lock.

(3) Urinals shall be non-absorbent, and non-corrosive and de

signed to drain completely.

(4) Toilet tissue shall be furnished.

(5) Enclosures shall be constructed of non-corrosive materials

not readily absorptive of odour or moisture.

(6) Enclosures shall be maintained in sanitary condition and

shall be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected at least twice
weekly.

(7) Enclosure shall be not less than 11 square feet total inside
area.

(e) WATER-BORNE FLUSH TYPE:

(1) Flush tanks or flush valves shall be connected to an
approved public or private water supply except that where
such water supply is not available water pressure shall be
provided by means of a well and pump, as approved by the
BCO.

(2) Where a public sewer is available, a permit to connect

thereto shall be obtained and a proper branch fitting inserted
be tween the reducing fitting at the property line and the test
fitting. Upon completion of the construction work or termi
nation of use of the temporary toilet, temporary sewer and
water branches shall be removed and the branch sewer
open ing closed with a cast iron plug or cleanout caulked in
place with an oakum and lead caulked joint. Water lines
shall be permanently capped or plugged.

(3) A permanent building sewer or drain may be installed to

serve temporary toilets provided such sewer or drain com
plies with all requirements of this Chapter.

(4) Where a public sewer is not available, disposal may be to a

septic tank and drain field. Fixtures may be connected by a
proper fitting in the building sewer between the septic tank
and the test fitting; except that at construction sites fixtures
may be placed over the septic tank on a temporary wood
platform, by either removing the permanent concrete top
cover or by providing a temporary wood platform over a
manhole. A hole shall not be cut into a septic tank cover for
the insertion of a water closet outlet unless the entire cover
36-14
section is replaced on the tank.

36-15
 (5) Fixture vents shall not be required for temporary water
clos ets, unless three, or more, water closets are to be
installed on a common drain line.

(6) Full caulked oakum joints with lead shall be used for
tempo rary water closet branches. P.V.C. or copper joints
shall be soldered or solvent jointed.

(f) PORTABLE CHEMICAL TYPE:

(1) Containers shall have a capacity of not less than 24 gallons.

(2) The top of the seat shall be not less than 8 inches above the
liquid level in the container.

(3) Containers shall be of non-absorptive, non-corrosive mate

rial.

(4) Drain line from urinal to container shall be minimum 1/2

inch ID plastic or non-corrosive material.

(5) Containers shall be completely emptied, thoroughly cleaned

and disinfected in accordance with requirements of the
Min ister of Health.

(6) An approved type disinfectant shall be used in sufficient

quantity to provide odourless operation with normal usage.

(7) Waste shall be collected, transported and disposed of in a

manner as approved by the Minister of Health.

(8) Units shall be marked with the name, address and telephone
number of the servicing company.

3603.22 COLOUR CODE FOR PIPING: In order to prevent misuse or a wrong

connection at a later date, it is mandatory that the following colour code
system be provided for piping in large buildings (five water closets, or
more): -Color may be inherent in the material or permanent painted 2
inch wide bands on three foot centres.

36-16
 (l} City water (main} supply Green

(2) Water from lavatory hand basin Grey

(3) Treated flushing water or where flushing

water is from well supply"' Brown
(4} Water closet waste (and bath and lavatory
wastes} where a recirculation system is not
used Black
(5} Fire line Red

(6) Domestic Hot (water) Orange

(7) Domestic Cold (water} Yellow

(8} L. P. Gas Lines Blue

An approved colouring dye shall be injected into the system where non
potable treated effluent is used for flushing or any other purpose. Provi
sions for dye injection shall be fully automatic for constant and continu
ous colouring of the non-potable water. Injectors requiring electric mo
tors shall be connected to emergency power sources, when available, or
the injection point shall be near the influent point of non-potable water
storage reservoir for residual effect during power cuts.

3603.23 SPECIAL PIPING SYSTEMS: Special piping systems, including but

not limited to, those noted in the definition of "PLUMBING" in Section
3602, "DEFINITIONS" shall be subject to specific approval by the BCO.
Where these special systems are not covered in detail in The Bahamas
Plumbing Code, or in other Chapters of the Building Code covering
such systems they shall be considered special cases and all information,
design data, drawings, specifications, or physical samples as required by the
BCO shall be submitted for review. Contractors, and their employees
shall be sub ject to approval by the BCO prior to beginning installation
of any special piping system.

3603.24 ACCESSIBILITY FOR SERVICE: All items of equipment requiring

rou tine service, such as valves, machinery equipment with moving
parts, etc., shall be installed in a manger to allow service or repair
without dam age to the building. No valve which not have a replaceable
seat (or de signed for simple re-grinding shall be imbedded in a tile or
concrete wall. Unless otherwise approved by the BCO in special cases,
all bathtub waste and overflow fittings shall be accessible by means of
an access panel.

36-17
3603.25 GENERAL SAFETY: In addition to considerations of Structural Safety,
specified herein before, general safety precautions shall be exercised
dur ing the installation, and testing of work included in this Chapter. All
ex cavations for piping, tanks or equipment shall be barricaded where a
po tential hazard to life and property exists. For further requirements see
the Act and Rules.

36-18
SUB-INDEX

3604 MATERIALS

Paragraph No. Paragraph Title Page No.

3604.1 Materials 36-36

(a) Minimum Standards 36-36
3604.2 Materials for Piping Systems 36-36
(a) General 36-36
(b) Above Ground Drains Within Buildings 36-36
(c) Underground Drains Within Buildings 36-36
(d) Underground Drains in Highly Corrosive
Areas 36-36
(e) Acid Waste Piping 36-37
(f) Pressure Piping 36-37
3604.3 Buildings Sewer 36-37
(a) General 36-37
(b) Vitrified Clay or P.V.C. Installation 36-37
(c) Test Required 36-39
(d) Old Building Drains and Sewers 36-39
(e) Building Storm Sewer 36-39
(f) Inside Leaders and Drains 36-39
(g) Collection Boxes 36-39
(h) Outside Leaders 36-39
3604.4 Material for Cleanouts 36-40
3604.5 Materials for Venting 36-40
(a) Vents 36-40
(b) Piping Above Ground 36-40
(c) Underground 36-40
(d) Fittings 36-40
(e) Acid Systems 36-40
3604.6 Materials-Special Requirements 36-40
(a) Caulking Ferrules 36-40
(b) Soldering Nipples and Bushings 36-43
3604.7 Identification of Materials 36-43
3604.8 Sinks and Special Fixtures 36-43
3604.9 Periodic Review 36-43
3604.10 Special Materials 36-43
3604.11 Effective Standards 36-43

36-19
PLUMBING (Continued)

3604 MATERIALS

3604.1 MATERIALS:
(a) MINIMUM STANDARDS:Standard specifications for materials
for plumbing installations are listed in Tables A, B and C.
Products conforming to the specifications listed for such products
shall be considered acceptable in the construction, installation,
alteration, or repair of any part of a plumbing and drainage
system, except that the BCO may allow the extension, addition,
or relocation of existing soil, waste, or vent pipes with materials
of like grade or quality.

3604.2 MATERIALS FOR PIPING SYSTEMS:

(a) GENERAL: Pipe, tubing and fittings for plumbing systems shall
comply with the requirements of this section, and Section 3607,
"JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS."

(b) ABOVE GROUND DRAINS WITHIN BUILDINGS: Piping for a

drainage system within a building or structure conveying non
corrosive, non-salt or non-brackish wastes, shall be of
centrifugally spun cast iron soil pipe, galvanised wrought iron,
galvanised steel, brass or copper pipe, Schedule 40 polyvinyl-
chloride pipe and fittings, or copper tube Type K, L, Mor DWV.
Piping for a drainage system within a building or structure
conveying corrosive, salt, or brackish wastes shall be Schedule 40
P.V.C. or cast iron. Cast iron in buildings exceeding three stories
shall be extra heavy weight.

(c) UNDERGROUND DRAINS WITHIN BUILDINGS: All drains

conveying non-corrosive, non-salt or non-brackish wastes, within
buildings, when underground, shall be cast iron soil pipe,
Schedule 80 P.V.C. pipe, or brass pipe; except that copper tube
and fittings Type K or L may be used for underground drainage
installations for private residential or duplex work, including
indirect waste lines. All underground piping conveying corrosive,
salt or brackish wastes, within buildings shall be cast iron pipe or
Schedule 80 P.V.C. All underground cast iron piping in buildings
exceeding three stories shall be extra heavy weight.

(d) UNDERGROUND DRAINS IN HIGHLY CORROSIVE AREAS:On

all filled ground where the presence of hydrogen sulphide gas
or other injurious elements are known, and in areas being or
having been filled below high tide, all underground soil, vent
and waste piping and fittings shall be extra heavy cast iron or
Schedule 80 P.V.C.
36-20
 (e) ACID WASTE PIPING: All pipes and fittings in a system
convey ing liquids with high acid content to a point of approved
neutrali sation, or dilution, including the connecting fitting in a
main drain or sewer, shall be 14% silicon cast iron, Schedule 80
P.V.C., vitrified clay pipe, glass, or other approved material.

(f) PRESSURE PIPING: Pressure piping within buildings, including

potable cold water distribution piping, shall be type Kor I, copper
tube, non-toxic schedule 40 or 80 P.V.C., brass, galvanised wrought
iron or steel schedule 40 pipe, or cast iron pressure pipe. All
piping shall be as recommended by the manufacturer for the
temperatures and working pressures involved. CPVC may be used
in certain cases for hot water piping, provided the prior approval
of the Buildings Control Officer has been obtained.

Underground piping shall be copper, cast iron, or P.V.C. P.V.C.

piping shall not be used for fire lines. All pressure piping within a
building under a concrete floor slab shall be Schedule 80 P.V.C.,
Type K copper, or cast iron pressure pipe. Pressure piping
systems, conveying salt or brackish water for flushing water
service shall be P.V.C., or cast iron. Galvanised steel for any
water service other than for fire lines is not recommended. See
Section 3614, "WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION" for
further recommendations.

3604.3 BUILDINGS SEWER:

(a) GENERAL: The building sewer shall be of not less than four
inch diameter and shall be cast iron soil pipe, Schedule 40 P.V.C.
pipe, or vitrified clay pipe conforming to A.S.T.M. specification
C-200, extra strength including 4-inch size, with an approved
interlock ing P.V.C. compression-joint formed on vitrified clay
pipe at the factory. Joints shall be water-tight and rustproof.

(b) VITRIFIED CLAY OR P.V.C. INSTALLATION:

(1) USE: Vitrified Clay Pipe conforming to ASTM specifications
C-200, extra strength including 4" size, with an approved
interlocking compression joint formed on vitrified clay pipe
at the factory and made of elasticised- polyvinyl chloride
to specifications established by the National Clay Pipe Manu
facturers, Inc.ASTM-C425. Installation methods for bedding,
backfill and depth of cover of vitrified clay pipe and P.V.C.
shall be the same.

(2) PLASTIC PIPES:

(a) USE: The use of plastic pipe for building sewers shall
be limited to Schedule 40 or 80 P.V.C. properly
installed to allow for expansion-contractionand
36-21
adequately sup ported.

36-22
(3) MATERIAL: Plastic pipe and fittings shall be
manufactured of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) conforming to
Commercial Standard C272 as developed by the U.S.
Department of Com merce, Office of Commodity Standards.

(4) JOINTS:All joints shall be made so that pipe and fittings shall
be fully seated with no open space in the invert. Joints shall
be solvent welded with sleeves, or butt welded by heat fu
sion using the heat plate as recommended by the manufac
turer. Jointing between cast iron and plastic pipe shall be
made by use of hot poured joints. Installation procedures
and solvents shall conform to CS 272, or as approved by the
BCO.

(5) PIPE BEDDING:

(1) Where the top of the barrel is shallower than 3 ft. 0 in.
under roads which could be used by motor vehicles,
or 1 ft. 6 in. elsewhere, such pipes shall be protected
either by reinforced concrete slabs or by
strengthening the pipe with concrete.

(6) Trenches at the level of the top of the pipe shall not be
more than 12 inches wider than the outside diameter of the
pipe collars hubs, or joints. Trenches shall be excavated at
least 4 inches below the underside of the pipe and this
space re filled with well-compacted fill, free from large
rocks or boul ders. After pipelaying the trench shall be
refilled up to the level of the middle of the pipes with fill
free from large rocks or boulders, carefully compacted.
From this level to a height of 12 in. above the top of the
pipes the trench shall be refilled with fill carefully
compacted by hand in layers of not more than 6 inches.

(7) Where slabs are used to protect a shallow pipeline they

shall be made of reinforced concrete, the thickness
reinforcement being decided by the Buildings Control
Officer; supported on unexcavated ground on each side of
the trench: and set with the underside of the slabs not less
than 2 in. above the tops of the pipe collars.

(8) Where a shallow pipeline is protected by strengthening

with concrete the trench shall be excavated, pipes tested,
and the trench partly refilled, then the upper half of the
pipe shall be covered with concrete to a depth of at least 4
inches with the concrete extending on either side of the
pipeline at least as far as the outside of the collars. Provide
a vertical gap 1 / 2 inch wide at each joint to permit
36-23
flexibility. The trench shall

36-24
 not be refilled above the concrete until it has cured for at
least 48 hours.

(9) FITTINGS: Manufactured fittings or reducers shall be used

at all changes in line, grade or size of sewer and adapters
for connection to vitrified clay or cast iron pipe shall be
furnished with joints as specified for vitrified clay or cast
iron pipe. All
P.V.C. fittings buried under floor slabs which constitute a
change in direction of more than 45 degrees shall be
encased with 6 inches of concrete.

(c) TEST REQUIRED:Before approval, each installation shall be tested

as follows: The end of the building sewer shall be plugged at the
point of connection with the public sewer. The building sewer
shall then be filled with water and tested with not less than a ten-
foot (10') head of water and proven tight.

(d) OLD BUILDING DRAINS AND SEWERS:Old building drains and

building sewers may be used in connection with new buildings or
new plumbing and drainage work only when they are found on
examination or test, to conform in all respects to the requirements
governing new building drains and building sewers.

(e) BUILDING STORM SEWER: The building storm sewers shall

be clay pipe, cast iron, P.V.C., cement-asbestos, concrete pipe, or
other material approved by the Buildings Control Officer.

(f) INSIDE LEADERS AND DRAINS: When placed within the

building or run in an inner or interior court or shaft, all roof
leaders shall be constructed of Schedule 40 P.V.C., or cast iron
with oakum and lead caulked joints; copper tube, brass,
galvanised wrought iron or galvanised steel pipe with recessed
drainage fittings. Where only one roof drain is to be installed, the
roof must have emergency overflow scuppers, in sizes approved
by the Buildings Control Officer to prevent flooding.

(g) COLLECTION BOXES: Connection to sheet metal collection boxes

shall be made only with lead pipe wiped on a ferrule or an
adapter, flared and soldered to the bottom of each box. Cast iron
or brass roof drains with domes or strainers shall be connected
with oakum and lead caulked joints, screw threads or copper tube
with soldered sweat joints.

(h) OUTSIDE LEADERS: Outside rain leaders shall be installed as

follows: Where located in a place accessible or exposed to contact
with vehicles, cast iron shall be extended five feet above grade.
36-25
All

36-26
 other locations, cast iron shall extend at least one inch above
grade. Install foot block at bottom of leader eight inches above
grade and six inches beyond leader. Foot block shall be concrete.

3604.4 MATERIAL FOR CLEANOUTS:Cleanouts shall be a brass to iron or

other approved connection and conform to the weight and materials
required for pipe and fittings of the same metal, and extend not less than
one quarter inch above the hub.

3604.5 MATERIALS FOR VENTING:

(a) VENTS: Pipe, tubing and fittings for the vent piping system shall
comply with the standards and provisions of this Code. (See
Table C.)

(b) PIPING ABOVE GROUND: Vent piping shall be of cast iron,

galvanized wrought iron, galvanized steel, lead, brass, or copper
tube, or Schedule 40 P.V.C.

(c) UNDERGROUND: Vent piping placed underground shall be cast

iron soil pipe or Schedule 80 P.V.C.

(d) FITTINGS: Fittings shall conform to the type of pipe used in the
vent system as required by Sub-Section 3604.2 Drainage pattern
fittings shall not be required in a dry vent system.

(e) ACID SYSTEMS: Vent piping on acid-waste systems shall conform

to that required for acid-waste piping specified in Sub-Section
3604.2 "MATERIALS FOR PIPING SYSTEMS."

3604.6 MATERIALS - SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS:

(a) CAULKING FERRULES: Brass caulking ferrules shall be of
brass pipe conforming to FS WW-P-351 or of heavy cast brass of
weight and dimensions in accordance with the Table A. Seamless
copper ferrules may be used in lieu of cast brass, provided they
correspond in size and weight. (See Table C.)

TABLE A
CAULKING FERRULES
Pipe Size (Inches) Actual Inside Length Weight
Diameter
(Inches) lb oz.
2 2-1/4 4-1/4 1 0
3 3-1/4 4-1/2 1 12
4 4-1/4 4-1/2 2 8

36-27
 Materials ASA ASTM NBS Other Standards,
(ANSI) Remarks
Non-Metallic Piping
Clay Sewer Pipe C13 SS-P-36lb Standard strength
Extra strength
A106.3 C200 SS-P-36lb Reinforced
Concrete Sewer Pipe 4 to 24 inch C76 SS-P-375b Non-reinforced
C14 SS-P-371c (Type I)
Concrete Draintile C4
Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe CS-272
Asbestos Cement Sewer Pipe SS-P-351a
SS-P-35lb
Ferrous Pipe and Fittings
Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings
XH • A40.l A74 WW-P-401c
Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings
Service Wt. A74 CS-188
Cast Iron Water Pipe A21.2 WW-P-421b AWWAClOO
Cast Iron (Threaded) Pipe A40.5 WW-P-356
Cast Iron (Screwed) Fittings Bl6.4 WW-P-SOlc
Cast Iron Drainage Fittings B16.12 WW-P-
491a Wrought Iron Pipe B36.2 A72 WW-P-44b
Steel Pipe A120 WW-P-406b Type I and II
Open-Hearth Iron Pipe B36.23 WW-P-406b Type III
only Malleable Iron Fittings (150 lb.) B16.3 A338 WW-P-52lc
Malleable Iron Fittings (300 lb.) B16.19
Non-Ferrous Pipe and Fittings
Brass Tubing Bl35 WW-T-791
Brass Pipe H27.l B43 WW-P-351a
Brass or Bronze Flanges and Bl6.24
Flanged Fittings
Cast Brass Soldered Joint Fittings B16.18 For
copper water
tube
Cast Brass Soldered Joint
Drainage Fittings Bl6.23 ForDWVtube
Bronze Screwed Fittings B16.15 WW-P460a
Copper Pipe H26.l B42 WW-P-377d
Seamless Copper Tubing B75 WW-T-797c
Copper Water Tube (KLM) H23.l B88 WW-T-799b
Wrought Copper and Wrought
Bronze Soldered Joint Fittings Bl6.22
Copper Drainage Tube (DWV) B306
Flared Fittings for Copper
(water) Tubes Bl6.26
Lead Pipes and Traps WW-P-325 CS-95
CS96
36-28
Miscellaneous ,.
QQ-C-40
Caulking Lead (Type I) CS-94
Sheet Lead QQ-L::201 Grade A
Sheet Brass B36 QQ-B-613b
Sheet Copper B152 QQ-C-576b
Galvanised Iron and Steel Sheets G8.2 A525 QQ-S-775c
Galvanised Pipe and Fittings A120 WW-P-406b
Cement Lining A21.4. A120 WW-P-406b
Coal-Tar Enamel (protective AWWAC-203
coating)
Silver Solder B260
Soft Solder B32 QQ-S-571d
Fixture Setting Compound HH-C-536a
Air Gap Standards A40.4
Backflow Preventors A40.6
Valves-Bronze Gate WW-V-54b
Valves-Iron Gate WW-V-58
Vacuum Breakers ASSE 1001
Ball Cocks ASSE 1002
Relief Valves ASSE 1003
Cast Iron Plumbing Fixtures • CS-77
Drinking Fountains 24-2
Earthenware (Vitreous Glazed) CS-111
Formed·Steel Enameled Sanitary WW-P-542a
Ware
Formed Metal Porcelain CS-144
Enameled Sanitary Ware
Plumbing Fixtures WW-P-541b
Domestic Hot Water Heaters 221.10.1 W-H-196b UL-174
Corrosion Resisting Sinks*

36-29
* Corrosion-resisting metal sinks shall be either stainless steel or monel metal. Alloy
compositions conforming to Nickel-copper alloy or corrosion-resisting steel as
specified in WW-P-541a Table VIII or type number 302 or 430 will be
acceptable. For domestic use the minimum permitted metal thickness shall be
0.0375 inches (#20 U.S. Standard Gage for Sheet and Plate Iron and Steel) and
for other than domestic use a minimum of 0.050 inches(# 18 gauge). Bowls shall be
seamless drawn welded with well rounded corners and edges. All exposed welds
shall be made smooth and invisible and all visible surfaces shall have a smooth
satin finish. The entire underside of fixture shall be coated with an adherent
compound that will effectivelydeadensound.
(b) SOLDERING NIPPLES AND BUSHINGS: Soldering nipples
and bushings shall be brass pipe, standard size conforming to FS
WW F-351 or ASTM Specification B251-58 or of heavy cast
brass of weight and dimensions in accordance with Tables B and
C.

3604.7 IDENTIFICATION OF MATERIALS: Each length of pipe, and each

pipe fitting, trap, fixture, and device used in a plumbing system shall
have cast, stamped, or indelibly marked on it the maker's mark or name,
the weight, type, and classes of the product, when such marking is
required by the approved standard that applies.

3604.8 SINKS AND SPECIAL FIXTURES: Sinks and special fixtures may be
made of soapstone, chemical stoneware, or may be lined with lead,
copper-base alloy, nickel-copper alloy, corrosion-resisting steel or other
materials es pecially suited to the use for which the fixtures are intended.

3604.9 PERIODIC REVIEW: The Minister shall periodically, at least once every
two years, review the approved list of United States Standards for
materi als in plumbing installations and, if more recent revisions of such
recog nized standards are available and acceptable, adoption of such
standards may be recommended.

3604.10 SPECIAL MATERIALS: Descriptive data and/ or samples of materials

for special piping systems as referenced in Section 3, GENERAL, shall be
sub mitted to the BCO for approval.

3604.11 EFFECTIVE STANDARDS: The edition, or revision, to any Standard or

Specification referenced in this Code which was in effect at the time that
a Building Permit was actually issued shall be the governing document
for the purposes of this Code. Most referenced standards in this Code are
available for public inspection at the Ministry for Works. Addresses for
procurement of copies of all referenced standards are available at the
Min istry for Works.

36-30
SUB-INDEX

3605 DRAINAGE SYSTEM AND DISPOSAL

Paragraph No. Paragraph Title Page No.

3605.1 General Requirements 36-46

(e) Encroachment on Private Property -
Easement Required 36-46
(f) Sewer Easement 36-47
(g) Plans and Specifications and Information
Required 36-47
3605.2 Regulations Governing the Discharge of
Liquid Wastes and/or Sewage into the Public
Sewer System 36-47
(b) Approval and Permits Required Before
Commencing 36-47
(c) Prohibited Discharges to Sewers 36-47
(d) Sewer Connections Required and
Limited 36-47
(e) Impeding, Impairing, or Surcharging
Public Sewer Prohibited 36-48
3605.3 Sewage and Liquid Waste Disposal
Where a Public Sewer is Available 36-48
(b) Liquid Waste Disposal Where a
Public Sewer is Available 36-48
3605.4 Conditional Retention and Time
Discharge to Public Sewers 36-49
3605.5 Sewage and Liquid Waste Disposal
Where a Public Sewer is Not Available 36-50
(c) Dilution Tank Required for Corrosive
Wastes 36-51
(d) Independent Systems 36-52
(e) Limits for Discharge of Liquid Waste
Into Septic Tanks and Drainage 36-52
Pipes
(f) Discharge of Sewage or Liquid Waste
Into Natural or Artificial Bodies of Water 36-52
(g) Garbage Contributed to Sewers from
Domestic and Commercial Food Grinders 36-52
3605.6 Fixture Units: Values for Fixtures 36-52
3605.7 Determination of Sizes for the
Gravity Drainage System 36-54
(a) Maximum Fixture-Unit Load 36-54
(b) Sizes of Horizontal Sewers and Drains 36-54
(c) Sizes of Vertical Soil and Waste Stacks 36-55
3605.8 Restrictions 36-56
(a) Minimum Size of Vertical Soil and Waste
Stacks 36-56

36-31
 (b) Future Fixtures 36-56
3605.9 Sumps and Ejectors-Drainage
Below Street Level 36-56
(a) Sumps, Sewage and Liquid Waste 36-56
Ejectors 36-57
3605.10 (b) Minimum Number Ejectors Required 36-57
3605.11 Sump Construction 36-57
3605.12 Sump Vents 36-58
3605.12 Motors and Compressors for Ejectors 36-58
(b) Connections 36-58
(c) Subsoil Drains 36-58
3605.13 (d) Building Subdrains 36-58
3605.14 Vacuum Operated Drainage Systems 36-58
Connections to Public Sewers

36-32
PLUMBING (Continued)

3605 DRAINAGE SYSTEM AND DISPOSAL

3605.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS:

(a) Sewage and liquid waste shall be treated and disposed of as
hereinafter provided in Section 3615, "Sewage and Liquid Waste
Disposal Systems." Septic tanks, sewage treatment systems,
soakage pits, drainage wells, and/ or other drainage work on or
from premises or building sites shall be constructed, installed and
maintained as herein provided.

(b) It shall be unlawful for any person to cause, suffer, or permit the
disposal of sewage, human excrement and/ or liquid waste in any
place or manner except through and by means of an approved
plumbing and drainage disposal system installed and maintained
in accordance with the provisions of this Code, except for those
buildings covered under the Small Building Code, Section 3617.

(c) In areas where no public sewer is provided or where a connection

to the public sewer is not permitted or where no sewer connection
through an easement is available, plumbing and drainage of all
properties shall be connected to a private disposal system
constructed in compliance with the provisions hereinafter set
forth. (NOTE): Some public sewers are surcharged or over-
loaded. In some instances, therefore, the Minister may prohibit
the disposal of additional waste to these sewers. Liquid wastes
shall then be disposed of by means of an approved soakage pit,
drainage well, or other means approved by the Minister of Health.

(d) No septic tank, drainfield pipe, soakage pit, drainage well or

water supply well or other drainage work shall be installed or
discharged on any public property outside the property lines of
the premises or structures served without first securing written
approval from the Minister of Health.

(e) ENCROACHMENT ON PRIVATE PROPERTY-EASEMENT

REQUIRED: No sewer, septic tank, drainfield pipe, soakage pit,
drainage well, water supply well or other drainage work shall be
located or installed or discharged on any privately owned prop
erty outside the property lines of the premises or structures served
except as specifically permitted herein. Permission for such
installation may be granted upon presentation to the Minister of a

36-33
 property executed easement which has been recorded with the
Minister. Such easement properly executed and recorded as
aforesaid must be filed before a permit for such work may be
approved. The common ownership of the property for which such
permit is approved and the property encumbered by such
easement shall not waive any of the above requirements.

(f) SEWER EASEMENT:At the option of the owner of a property

which does not abut a public sewer but where a sewer connection
can be secured through an adjoining lot or property whether of the
same ownership or not, a connection to the public sewer may be
made through such adjoining lot or property by virtue of a
properly executed and recorded easement under such conditions
as the Minister and The Registrar General shall permit.

(g) PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS AND INFORMATION RE

QUIRED: Complete and detailed specifications, plans and other
information shall be provided as required in this Code from the
person designing the work and/ or by the owner of the premises
desiring to dispose of liquid waste or sewage before a permit is
approved and construction work of any nature is commenced.

3605.2 REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE DISCHARGE OF LIQUID

WASTES AND/ OR SEWAGE INTO THE PUBLIC SEWER SYSTEMS:
(a) The volume of liquid waste discharged into the public sewer system
shall be regulated in such manner as not to impede or overload or
surcharge or cause the public sewer system to overflow or back up
into private property or flood public thoroughfares or private
property.

(b) APPROVAL AND PERMITS REQUIRED BEFORE COMMENC

ING: No work shall be commenced before the approval of the
BCO is secured in writing upon plans submitted or before a
building and plumbing permit is issued. The Minister shall not
give approval for the discharge of liquid waste to a public sewer
except in accordance with the following terms and
restrictions:

(c) PROHIBITED DISCHARGES TO SEWERS: Storm or rainwater or

other liquid waste shall not discharge into a sanitary sewer, nor
shall sewage discharge into a public storm sewer, except as herein
provided for.

(d) SEWER CONNECTIONS REQUIRED AND LIMITED:Connection

for the disposal of sewage and liquid waste shall be made to a public

36-34
 sewer when and where such connection can be made without
impeding, over-loading or surcharging the public sewer
system.

(e) IMPEDING, IMPAIRING, OR SURCHARGING PUBLIC SEWER

PROHIBITED: Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Code,
no person, firm or corporation shall permit any sewage, substance
or liquid waste to discharge into a public or private sewer,
which would injure, impede, impair, overflow, surcharge
overload, stop or clog such sewer. No person, firm or
corporation shall permit any explosive or volatile substances,
cleaning fluids, solvents, gas, smoke, exhaust fumes, gasoline,
benzine, naphtha, steam, acid, oil, grease, sand, glass or any other
deleterious substances to enter or discharge into a plumbing
system or a public sewer system.

3605.3 SEWAGE AND LIQUID WASTE DISPOSAL WHERE A PUBLIC

SEWER IS AVAILABLE:
(a) Sewage and liquid waste shall discharge into a public sewer if
such sewer is available and abutting the property except as herein
provided. Rainwater only may discharge to street gutters (not
over sidewalks) if permitted by the Minister.

(b) LIQUID WASTE DISPOSAL WHERE A PUBLIC SEWER IS

AVAILABLE: Liquid waste may discharge into a public sewer only
upon approval of the Minister. Such approval shall accompany
request for plumbing plan approval and the permit therefor shall
be obtained from the Minister of Works if not permitted to discharge
into a public sewer, liquid waste may discharge to soakage pits or
drainage wells; however, the responsibility for satisfactory
operation shall rest upon the owner, and permits shall be issued
conditionally with the owner (not the contractor or other person)
assuming full responsibility for the maintenance and operation.

NOTE: Some types of liquid wastes cannot be successfully disposed

of via pits or wells. Pits and wells receiving liquid wastes from
establishment such as automobile wash floors, refrigerators,
laundries, milk bottling plants, bars and food processing plants
generally result in unsanitary conditions and public nuisance, and
therefore must be abated by legal action. Soakage pits and
drainage wells for rainwater or other clear water wastes have
operated successfully in the majority of installations.

36-35
3605.4 CONDITIONAL RETENTION AND TIME DISCHARGE TO PUBLIC
SEWERS:
(a) Where the Minister of Works determines a public sewer to be
over loaded and/ or surcharged at times of peak usage, said
Department is hereby empowered and authorized to issue a
conditional permit for the discharge of sewage or liquid waste to
the public sewer system, provided that the owner and designer
shall comply with all conditions and requirements set forth in said
conditional permit and/ or contained in this Code and before a
sewer permit is issued. Conditional permits shall provide:

(1) That a retention tank of suitable and acceptable size be pro

vided, designed to hold and retain all of the sewage and liq
uid waste at times when the public sewer is overloaded and
surcharged and to discharge the contents of said tank at
such time as the Minister of Works may require and
specify. See Section 3615, SEWAGE AND LIQUID WASTE
DISPOSAL SYSTEMS.

(2) That such tank be provided with an automatic time control

device designed to limit and regulate the flow from the tank
to the public sewer at a time when and in such quantity as
within the capacity of the public sewer to care for same.

(3) That the premises be open to inspection at such time and

place as the Minister of Works may specify, and that the in
stallation be maintained in good and proper working
condition.

(4) That upon a violation of any of the provisions herein con

tained the conditional permit shall be revoked and the
sewer connection be removed and plugged as directed by
the Minister.

(5) That should such connection not be removed upon proper

notice, the Minister of Works is hereby authorized to cause
a disconnection and assess the cost of same to the owner
and/ or management of the property in accordance with the
Rules and Regulations.

(6) Any permit issued for connection to a public sewer under

any of the conditions set forth in any of the foregoing sec
tions, shall be issued and accepted conditionally.

36-36
 (b) Such conditional permit shall be issued in writing by the Minister
of Works and the acceptance of the terms and conditions of
issuance shall be indicated thereon by the signature of the person
to whom such permit is granted. It is expressly provided,
however, that in the event of change of ownership and/ or
occupancy of the property and/ or premises for which such permit
has been granted then such permit shall become void and of no
effect, unless renewed by the Minister of Works. Upon the change
of ownership and/ or occupancy the person to whom a conditional
permit is granted shall forthwith surrender such conditional permit
to the Minister for regranting and/ or cancellation.

3605.5 SEWAGE AND LIQUID WASTE DISPOSAL WHERE A PUBLIC

SEWER IS NOT AVAILABLE:
(a) Where a public sewer is not available, sewage, all waste from
plumbing fixtures, except liquid waste of a non-fecal character, shall
discharge into a septic tank or other acceptable method of sewage
disposal as hereinafter provided. Liquid wastes of a non-fecal
character shall discharge into an approved soakage pit, drainpipe
field or bed or drainage well for that purpose only and/ or shall be
disposed of by a form of treatment acceptable to the Minister
of Health. Rainwater soakage pits shall be separate structures
used only for the purpose of rainwater disposal.

(b) Where a permit to connect to a public sewer is refused, or where

no public sewer is available, the factors in Table E shall govern
and apply in the disposal of liquid wastes from establishments as
herein set forth or similar establishments.

36-37
 Type of Type of - Method of
• Liquid Waste Establishment Disposal
(a) Liquid wastes .Auto Wash Floors To separate
containing Bakeries disposal
appreciable Bottling Plants systems for
amounts.of grease, Candy Manufacturing such waste
oil, solids.or other Plants only.
material in • Dry Cleaning
suspension or liquid Plants Restaurants or
wastes of like places
character from preparing or serving
establishments such food
as: Laundries
Milk Plants
Food Processing Plants

(b) Liquid wastes Maybe

which ordinarily do AirEquipment
Conditioning
discharged to
not contain disposal
appreciable Liquor or Beer Bars
Juice Bars system
amounts of on, combined for
grease, solids or Soda Fountains not
preparing or liquid waste
other materials in as defined in
suspension from serving food
Paragraph
establishments·such Condensation from 3605.5.
as:- Refrigeration
. Boiler or Clothes
Pressing
Blow-Off Exhausts
Ice Plants
Fire Sprinkler Drains
Drip or Overflow
Pans Condensers
Dehumidifiers

(c) DILUTION TANK REQUIRED FOR CORROSIVE WASTES: No

corrosive waste which has a pH of less than 5.0 shall discharge
into any plumbing pipe or any house drain or a house sewer of
standard material and construction without first discharging
into a neutralizing tank or basin. Every neutralizing tank or basin
used for this purpose shall be constructed of earthenware or
glass or other non-corrosive material and shall be provided with a
standing waste and overflow or other approved means to insure
neutralization. A chamber shall be provided to retain a
sufficient quantity of lime or other approved neutralizing
material which shall be removed as often as may be necessary
to render such neutralization effective. Such neutralizing tank
or basin shall be provided with a controlled supply of water or
neutralizing medium to make its contents non-injurious to an
36-38
ordinary plumbing system

36-39
 or to the public sewer system. All pipes and fittings to neutralizing
tanks and to a point of approved neutralization in a plumbing
system, including the connecting fitting in a main drain or sewer,
shall be 14% silicon cast iron, schedule 80 P.V.C., vitrified clay
pipe, or equal.

(d) INDEPENDENT SYSTEMS: The septic tank and drainage

system of each building shall be separate and independent of any
other building except that where buildings are built on single lot
or building site of single ownership and it is apparent that the lot
cannot be subdivided and result in dual ownership, one septic
tank and drainage system may be installed.

(e) LIMITS FOR DISCHARGE OF LIQUID WASTE INTO SEPTIC

TANKS AND DRAINAGE PIPES: Liquid waste shall not discharge
into an existing septic tank or drainpipe thereof when such septic
tank and drainpipe constitute the minimum requirement of this
Code for the disposal of sewage.

(f) DISCHARGE OF SEWAGE OR LIQUID WASTE INTO NATURAL

OR ARTIFICIAL BODIES OF WATER:The discharge of any
sewage or liquid waste (as herein defined) whether treated or
untreated into any body of water natural or artificial is hereby
prohibited except as expressly permitted by the Minister of
Health.

(g) GARBAGE CONTRIBUTED TO SEWERS FROM DOMESTIC AND

COMMERCIAL FOOD GRINDERS: Garbage contributed from
domestic and commercial food grinders shall not enter a sewer
which conveys same to a sewer treatment plant unless approved
by the Minister of Works.3605.6

3605.6 FIXTURE UNITS: VALUES FOR FIXTURES: Fixture unit values as

given in Table G designate the relative load weight of different kinds of
fixtures which shall be employed in estimating the total load carried by a
soil or waste pipe and shall be used in connection with the tables of sizes
for soil, waste, and drain pipes for which the permissible load is given in
terms of fixture units.

36-40
Fixture Type Fixture Unit Minimum Size
Value as of Trap
Load Factors Inches

Bathtub (with or without overhead

shower) 2 1-1/2
Bidet 2 1-1/2
Dental unit or cuspidor 1 1-1/4
Dental lavatory 1 1-1/4
Drinking fountain 1/2 1-1/4
Dishwasher domestic 2 1-1/2
Floor drains 3 3or4
Lavatory 1 (Small P.O.) 1-1/4
Lavatory 2 (Large P.O.) 1-1/2
Lavatory, barber, beauty parlor 2 1-1/2
Lavatory, surgeon's 2 1-1/2
Laundry tray (1 or 2
compartments) 2 1-1/2
Shower stall domestic 2 2
Showers (group) per head 3 2
SINKS
Combination sink-and-tray 3 (Nominal) 2
Combination sink-and-tray with
food disposal unit 3 1-1/2
Kitchen sink, domestic 2 1-1/2
Kitchen sink, domestic with food 1-1/2
waste grinder 3
Surgeon's sink 3 1-1/2
Flushing rim sink (with valve) 8 3
Service sinks, combination trap 3 or4
standard 3
Service sink (P Trap) ordinary 2 2
Pot, scullery, etc., sink 4 1-1/2 or 2
Wash sink (circular or multiple)
each set of faucets 1 1-1/2
Urinal, pedestal 8 (Nominal) 3
Urinal, wall 4 2
Urinal stall, washout 4 2
Water closet, tank operated 4 (Nominal) 3
Water closet, valve-operated 8 (Nominal) 3
Automatic-dish washer
(domestic) 2 1-1/2
Automatic clothes washer 4 1-1/2

36-41
 Fixtures Drain or Fixture Unit ..
Trap Size. Value
1-1/ 4 inches and 1
smaller 1-1/2 inches
2
2 inches
3
2-1 /2 inches
4
3 inches
5
4 inches
6

3605.7 DETERMINATION OF SIZES FOR THE GRAVITY

DRAINAGE SYSTEM:
(a) MAXIMUM FIXTURE-UNIT LOAD: The maximum number of
fixture units that may be connected to a given size gravity drain
line are given in Tables I and J.

(b) SIZES OF HORIZONTAL SEWERS AND DRAINS: The required

sizes of horizontal building drains, building sewers, and horizon
tal branches shall be determined on the basis of the total number
of fixture units drained by them in accordance with Tables G and
H.

Maximum Number of Fixture Units That May Be

Connected to any Portion of the Building Drain or
the Building Sewer
Diameter Fall Per Foot
of Pipe Inches 1/16 Inch 1/8 Inch 1/4 Inch
1-1/4 1 1 1
1-1/2 2 4 6
2 4 10 21
2-1/2 12 18 24
3 22 28 36
3 60 180 216
5 150 390 480
6 360 700 840
8 1,400 1,600 1,920
10 2,500 2,900 3,500
12 ·.·.3,900 4,600 5,600
15 7,000 8;300 10,000
36-42
 NOTATIONS:
(1) Not over two fixtures having integral traps requiring three
or four-inch waste connection (residential buildings only),
may connect to a 3-inch horizontal drain. No water closets
may discharge into a 3" line graded at less than 1 / 8" per
foot.

(2) Size building sewers shall be a minimum of 4-inches with

the exception that if connecting to a septic tank and if the
developed length measured along the pipe and fittings from
the exterior of the building wall to the septic tank does not
exceed 10 feet, the building sewer may be sized the same as
the building drain. Septic tanks located more than 20-feet
from a building shall be provided with a 4-inch diameter lo
cal vent.

(3) No water closets in Commercial, Catering, or Industrial Build

ings shall be connected to less than a 4-inch horizontal
drain.

(c) SIZES OF VERTICAL SOIL AND WASTE STACKS: The required

sizes and permitted lengths of vertical soil or waste stacks shall be
independently determined by the total fixture units of all
fixtures connected to the stack in accordance with Tables G
and H. as
permitted in Table J.

Diameter of Maximum Permitted Total Fixture

Pipe in Number of Length Units at One
Inches Fixture in Feet Story or
Branch

Units Interval
1-1/4 1 45 1
1-1/2 8 60 6
2 24 80 12
2-1/2 36 105 18
3 72 150 36
4 500 225 120
5 1,100 300 200
6 1,900 400 350
8 3,600 600 600

36-43
 NOTATIONS:

No kitchen sinks or other sinks receiving greasy wastes shall be installed

in a waste stack less than 2" in diameter, nor on any wet vent 2" or less
in diameter except as set forth for "Food Waste-Disposal Connections"
speci fied hereinafter. No pump discharge fixtures shall be installed on a
cross less than 2 1 / 2" stack diameter. Domestic food grinder s and
domestic dish washing machines shall not be considered as pump
discharge fixtures.

3605.8 RES1RICTIONS: No water closet shall discharge into a stack less than
three inches in diameter. Not more than two water closets shall
discharge into a three-inch stack at the same point. Not more than four
water closets shall discharge into a three-inch stack at the same level.
All horizontal soil and waste sections shall be governed by Table I.

(a) MINIMUM SIZE OF VERTICAL SOIL AND WASTE STACKS: No

vertical soil or waste stack shall be smaller than the largest
horizontal branch connected thereto except that a 3x4 one quarter
bend connected to a water closet outlet shall not be considered as
a reduction in pipe size.

(b) FUTURE FIXTURES: When provision is made for the future

installation of fixtures, those provided for shall be considered
in determining the required sizes of drain pipes. Construction
to provide for such future installation shall be terminated with
a plugged fitting or fittings.

3605.9 SUMPS AND EJECTORS - DRAINAGE BELOW STREET LEVEL:

(a) SUMPS, SEWAGE AND LIQUID WASTE EJECTORS: In all
buildings, in which the whole or part of the plumbing or drainage
system serving fixtures or appliances lies below the crown level
of the street, sewage or liquid waste shall discharge into a sump
or receiving tank by gravity from which sump or receiving tank
the sewage or liquid waste shall be lifted and discharged into the
building sewer or drain by ejectors.Such ejectors shall automatically
empty the sump, which shall be large enough to receive peak flow
for 30 minutes, unless approved in writing for smaller sizes by the
Buildings Control Officer. Sump discharge pipes shall be
provided with a check valve located on the sump side of a gate
valve located as close to the sump as possible.

36-44
 (b) MINIMUM NUMBER EJECTORS REQUIRED: Single ejector for
one or two family buildings. Duplex ejectors for all other build
ings for sumps collecting sewage. (See definition of sewage.) One
ejector permitted for liquid waste provided such a single ejector is
not located in a place where failure to operate will flood a place
where food or drink is stored or prepared. A single air ejector,
with duplex air compressors, may be provided for public
buildings provided the ejector can pass 3 inch diameter solids.

3605.10 SUMP CONSTRUCTION: Sump basins or receivers shall be waterproof

concrete adequately reinforced with steel rods, cast iron, or vitrified
clay. If of vitrified clay pipe the bottom shall rest on a concrete base
extending at least six inches laterally from the pipe. All basins and
receivers shall be water tight. Due to the high salt content of most waste
water, steel basins are subject to special approval by the Buildings
Control Officer.

3605.11 SUMP VENTS:

(a) Plumbing fixtures discharging into a sump shall be vented.

(b) All sumps receiving the discharge from plumbing fixtures shall
be vented as follows:

(1) No less than a three-inch vent for sumps receiving body

waste from plumbing fixtures.

(2) For clear water liquid waste, separate sump vent optional,
no cover required.

(3) Vents from pneumatic ejectors or similar equipment shall

be carried separately through the roof.

(c) Such sump and fixture vents may be connected to the plumbing
system discharging into a public sewer or septic tank or ex
tended independently to above the roof.

(d) All sumps for other than clear wastes, shall be provided with a
metal cover. Sumps receiving sewage or liquid waste shall be
provided with a gas and air tight metal cover securely fastened
in place and provided with an air and gas tight manhole for
access for repairs.

36-45
3605.12 MOTORS AND COMPRESSORS FOR EJECTORS:
(a) All motors, air compressors, and air tanks shall be located where
they are open for inspection and repair at all times. The air tanks
shall be so proportioned as to be of equal cubic capacity to the
ejectors connected therewith, in which there shall be maintained
an air pressure of not less than two pounds per square inch for
each foot of height the sewage is to be raised.

(b) CONNECTIONS: No direct connection of a steam exhaust,

blowoff, or drip pipe shall be made with the building drainage
system. Waste water when discharged into the building drainage
system shall be at a temperature not higher than 140CF. When
higher temperature exists, approved cooling methods shall be
provided.

(c) SUBSOIL DRAINS: Where subsoil drains are placed under the
cellar or basement floor or are used to surround the outer walls
of a building, they shall be made of open-jointed or horizontally
split or perforated clay tile, or perforated bituminized fiber pipe
or asbestos cement pipe, not less than four inches in diameter.
When the building is subject to backwater, the subsoil drain shall
be protected by an accessibly located backwater valve. Subsoil
drains may discharge into a properly trapped area drain or
sump. Such sumps do not require vents.

(d) BUILDING SUBDRAINS: Building subdrains located below the

public sewer level shall discharge into a sump or receiving tank
the contents of which shall be automatically lifted and dis charged
into the drainage system as required for building sumps.

3605.13 VACUUM OPERATED DRAINAGE SYSTEMS: Plumbing systems em

ploying a vacuum to evacuate the contents of plumbing fixtures may be
installed in lieu of gravity drainage systems. Such systems shall be con
sidered special design and will require approval of the Minister of
Works and the Minister of Health. Specifications and design calculations
will be required for these systems, together with completely detailed
plans and diagrams.

3605.14 CONNECTIONS TO PUBLIC SEWERS: Where a sewer or drain from

a building is to be connected to a public sewer the plumber or the owner
of the building shall complete the work as prescribed by the Minister of
Works.

36-46
SUB INDEX

3606 INDIRECT WASTE PIPING AND SPECIAL WASTES

Paragraph No. Paragraph Title Page No.

3606.1 Indirect Waste Piping 36-60
(a) General 36-60
(b) Food Handling 36-60
(c) Connection 36-60
(d) Sterile Materials 36-60
(e) Drips 36-60
3606.2 Material and Size 36-60
3606.3 Clear Water Wastes 36-61
3606.4 Steam Connections 36-61
3606.5 Drinking Fountains 36-61
3606.6 Special Wastes 36-61
3606.6 (c) Neutralizing Device 36-61
3606.7 Air Conditioning Condensate Drains 36-62

36-47
PLUMBING (Continued)

3606 INDIRECT WASTE PIPING AND SPECIAL WASTES

3606.1 INDIRECT WASTE PIPING:

(a) GENERAL: Wastes from the following shall discharge, to the
building drainage system, through an indirect waste pipe serving
the individual fixtures, devices, appliances or apparatus.

(b) FOOD HANDLING: Establishments engaged in the storage,

preparation, selling, serving, processing, or otherwise handling of
food shall have the waste piping from all refrigerators, ice boxes,
cooling or refrigerating coils, laundry washers, extractors, steam
tables, egg boilers, coffee urns or similar equipment discharge
indirectly into a floor drain or as otherwise provided in this Code,
or as permitted by the Minister of Health.

(c) CONNECTION: Indirect waste connections shall be provided for

drains, overflows, or relief vents from the water supply system.

(d) STERILE MATERIALS: Appliances, devices or apparatus such as

stills, sterilises, and similar equipment requiring water and waste
connections and used for sterile material shall be indirectly
connected and provided with an air gap between the trap and
the appliance.

(e) DRIPS: Appliances, devices, or apparatus not regularly classed as

plumbing fixtures but which have drips or drainage outlets and
condensate drain from air-conditioning equipment, may be
drained by indirect waste pipes discharging into an open
receptacle, or as permitted by the Buildings Control Officer.

3606.2 MATERIAL AND SIZE:

(a) Indirect wastes, when above the floor, shall be a minimum of
three quarter inches diameter, but not less than the size of fixture
or appliance outlet and if less than one and one quarter inches
diameter shall be of copper tube or Schedule 40 P.V.C. If galva
nized waste pipe is used below floor in slab or fill, shall be
encased in concrete throughout. If waste is below slab or in fill, it
shall be a minimum of one and one-quarter inches in diameter and
shall be cast iron pipe, Schedule 80 P.V.C. or Type "L" copper
tube with drainage fittings. Indirect waste piping shall be so
installed as to permit ready access for flushing and cleansing.

(b) Indirect waste pipes shall be sized in accordance with Tables I and

36-48
 J, except drains above floors from defrosting pans may be a
minimum of three-quarter inch tubing.

(c) Drip pipes from walk-in refrigerator floors or store room floors
where food is stored shall be installed as indirect wastes and such
drip pipes shall discharge into an approved fixture. The drip pipe
shall be equipped with a flap check as close as possible to the
drain outlet. Such floors shall be two inches above overflow point
or receiving fixture.

(d) Any fixture or appliance where food or drink is stored, and which
is equipped with a drain, shall be independently and indirectly
connected to an approved fixture or receptacle whose overflow level
is below the bottom of such fixture or receptacle.

3606.3 CLEAR WATER WASTES: Water lifts, expansion tanks, cooling

jackets, sprinkler systems, drip or overflow pans, or similar devices,
which waste clear water only shall discharge into the building drainage
system through an indirect waste, as permitted by the Buildings Control
Officer.

3606.4 STEAM CONNECTIONS: No live steam pipe shall connect directly to

any part of a drainage or plumbing system.

3606.5 DRINKING FOUNTAINS: Drinking fountains may be installed with in

direct waste only for the purpose of resealing required traps of floor drains
installed to receive other clear wastes.

3606.6 SPECIAL WASTES:

(a) Acid and chemical indirect waste pipe and fittings shall be of
materials unaffected by the discharge of such wastes.

(b) Liquid wastes having a pH of less than 5 or more than 10 shall be

properly neutralized and diluted before being discharged into any
soil or waste pipe or any building drain or sewer.

(c) NEUTRALIZING DEVICE: In no case shall corrosive liquids, spent

acids, or other harmful chemicals which might destroy or injure a
drain, sewer, soil or waste pipe and fittings or which might create
noxious or toxic fumes, discharge into the plumbing system without
being thoroughly diluted or neutralized by passing through a
properly constructed and acceptable dilution or neutralizing
device. Such device shall be automatically provided with a
sufficient intake of diluting water or neutralizing medium, so as to
make its contents non-injurious before being discharged into the
soil or sewage system. See Sub-section 3605.5 (c).

36-49
3606.7 AIR CONDITIONING CONDENSATE DRAINS:
(a) Condensate drains shall be a minimum of 3 / 4 inch diameter for
one unit or any number of connected unite totalling not over 10
tons of refrigeration capacity, where the length of piping to the
point of disposal is no more than 20 feet.

(b) Air Conditioning condensate drains shall be a minimum of 1-1/ 4

inch diameter for one unit or any number of connected units
totalling over 10 tons osr refrigeration capacity, where piping
runs exceed 20 feet.

(c) Connections to the unit drain pans shall be either flexible connec
tions or rigid piping. Flexible connections shall have a dip in the
connection two diameters below the invert to top of flexible
connection. Rigid piping on units larger than 3 tons shall be
provided with a minimum three-inch trap seal and a union
installed on pan side of trap. Flexible connections shall not
exceed 18 inches in length.

(d) Condensate drainage systems may be vented.

(e) Air conditioning condensate drains for units with not more than 5
tons capacity may discharge upon a pervious area. Units with not
more than ten tons capacity may discharge to a 10-inch diameter
by 24-inch long pipe without cover, filled with 3 / 4 inch crushed
rock.

(f) Air conditioning condensate drains for units regardless of tonnage

may discharge to a drainage well, storm sewer, adequate soakage
pit, drainfield or the building drainage system where such discharge
is approved by the Buildings Control Officer.

Connections to storm sewer or building drains shall be by indirect

connections.

(g) The materials to be used in condensate drains for air conditioning

equipment shall comply with the minimum standards as set forth
in Section 3604 or shall comply with the minimum standards for
Schedule 40 PVC of Commercial Standard C272.

36-50
SUB-INDEX

3607 JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS

Paragraph No. Paragraph Title Page No.

3607.1 Tightness 36-63
3607.2 Types ofJoints
(a) Caulked Joints 36-64
(b) Threaded Joints-Screwed Joints 36-64
(c) Wiped Joints 36-64
(d) Soldered or Sweat Type Joints 36-64
(e) Hot-Poured Joints 36-64
(f) Precast Joints for Non-Metallic Pipe 36-65
(g) Brazed Joints 36-65
(h) Cement Mortar Joints 36-65
(i) Burned Lead or Plastic Joints 36-65
(j) Asbestos Cement Sewer Pipe Joints 36-65
(k) Bituminized Fiber Pipe Joints 36-65
(1) P.V.C. Joints 36-66
(m) Mechanical Joints 36-66
3607.3 Special Joints
(a) Copper Tubing to Screwed Pipe
Joints 36-66
(b) Welding or Brazing 36-66
(c) Slip Joints 36-66
(d) Expansion Joints 36-66
(e) Ground Joint Brass Connections 36-66
3607.4 Unions (Screwed)
(a) Drainage System 36-67
(b) Water Supply System 36-67
3607.5 Floor Connected Fixtures with Integral
Trap 36-67
3607.6 (a) Prohibited Joints and Connections in
Drainage Systems 36-67
(b) Exceptions 36-67
3607.7 Waterproofing of Openings 36-67
3607.8 Increasers and Reducers 36-67

PLUMBING (Continued)

3607 JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS

3607.1 TIGHTNESS: Joints and connections in the plumbing system shall be

gas tight for the pressure required by test, or use, with the exceptions of
those portions of perforated or open-joint piping which are installed for
the purpose of collecting and conveying underground or seepage water.

36-51
3607.2 TYPES OF JOINTS:
(a) CAULKED JOINTS: Caulked joints for cast-iron bell-and-spigot
soil pipe shall be firmly packed with oakum or hemp and filled
with molten lead not less than one inch deep and after the joint
has been properly caulked the lead shall extend up to not less than
one-eighth inch below rim of hub. No paint, varnish, or other
coatings shall be permitted on the jointing material until after the
joint has been tested and approved.

(b) THREADED JOINTS - SCREWED JOINTS: Threaded joints

shall conform to American National Taper Pipe thread, ASA B2,
or FS GGG-P-351a.All burrs shall be removed. Pipe ends shall be
reamed or filed out to size of bore and all chips removed. Pipe-
joint cement and paint shall be used only on male threads.

(c) WIPED JOINTS: Joints in lead pipe or fittings, or between lead pipe
or fittings and brass or copper pipe, ferrules, solder nipples, or
traps, shall be full wiped joints, rolled lead joints, or approved
soldered, or burned lead joints.

Wall or floor flange lead-wiped joints shall be made by using a

lead ring or flange placed behind the joints at wall or floor.Joints
between lead pipe and cast-iron, steel, or wrought iron shall be
made by means of a caulking ferrule, soldering nipple, or bushing.
Minimum lengths of lead from joint to fixture connection shall be
four inches.

(d) SOLDERED OR SWEAT TYPE JOINTS: Soldered or sweat type

joints for tubing shall be made with approved fittings. Surfaces to
be soldered shall be cleaned bright. The joints shall be properly
fluxed and made with approved solder in accordance with Table
C. Screwed joints from copper to cast iron or steel pipe shall be
made by the use of approved adaptors.

(e) HOT-POURED JOINTS: Hot-poured compound for clay or concrete

sewer pipe shall not be water absorbent and when poured against
a dry surface shall have a bond of not less than 100 psi. All
surfaces of the joint shall be cleaned and dried before pouring. If wet
surfaces are unavoidable, a suitable primer shall be
applied.Compound shall not soften sufficiently to destroy the
effectiveness of the joint when subjected to a temperature of 160
deg. F. nor be soluble in any of the waste carried by the drainage
system. Approximately 25 per cent of the joint space at the base of
the socket shall be filled with jute or hemp. A pouring collar, rope
or other device shall be used to hold the hot compound during
pouring. Each joint shall be poured in one operation until the joint
is filled. Joints shall not be tested until one hour after pouring.
36-52
(f) PRECAST JOINTS FOR NON-METALLIC PIPE: Precast collars
shall be formed in both the spigot and bell of the pipe in advance
of use. Collar surfaces shall be conical with side slopes of 3
degrees with the axis of the pipe and the length shall be equal to
the depth of the socket. Prior to making joint contact, surfaces shall
be cleaned and coated with solvents and adhesives as
recommended in the standard. When the spigot end is inserted in
the collar, it shall bind before contacting the base of the socket.
Material shall be inert and resistant to both acids and alkalies.

(g) BRAZED JOINTS: Brazed joints shall be made in accordance

with the provisions of Section 6 of the Code for Pressure Piping.
ASA B31.l.

(h) CEMENT MORTAR JOINTS: Cement joints shall be used only

when specifically permitted in other chapters of this Code or when
approved by the Buildings Control Officer, as sufficient to
accomplish the purpose of this Code. A layer of jute or hemp
shall be inserted into the base of the joint space and rammed to
prevent mortar from entering the interior of the pipe. Jute or
hemp shall be dipped into a slurry suspension of Portland cement
in water prior to insertion into bell. Not more than 25 per cent of
the joint space shall be used for jute or hemp. The remaining
space shall be filled in one continuous operation with a
thoroughly mixed mortar composed of one part cement and two
parts sand, with only sufficient water to make the mixture
workable by hand. After one half hour of setting, the joint shall be
rammed around entire periphery with a blunt tool to force the
partially stiffened mortar into the joint and to repair any cracks
formed during the initial setting period. Pipe interior shall be
swabbed to remove any material that might have fallen into the
interior. Additional mortar of the same composition shall then be
troweled so as to form a 45 degree taper with the barrel of the
pipe.

(i) BURNED LEAD OR PLASTIC JOINTS: Burned (welded) lead

or plastic joints shall be lapped and fused together to form a
uniform weld at least as thick as the material being joined.

(j) ASBESTOS CEMENT SEWER PIPE JOINTS: Joints in asbestos

cement pipe shall be made with sleeve couplings of the same
composition as the pipe, sealed with rubber rings. Joints between
asbestos cement pipe and metal pipe shall be made by means of
an adapter coupling properly caulked. All installations to be made
in accordance with manufacturer's specifications.

(k) BITUMINIZED FIBER PIPE JOINTS: Joints in bituminized fiber

36-53
 pipe shall be made with tapered type couplings of the same
material as the pipe. Joints between bituminized fiber pipe and
metal pipe shall be made by means of an adapter coupling
properly caulked. All installations to be made in accordance with
manufacturer's specifications.

(1) P.V.C. JOINTS for assembling P.V.C. piping shall be in

accordance with the piping material and installation standards of
the manufacturer. All P.V.C. joints shall be made with solvent
cement, or by thermal welding. Threaded joints shall be used with
Schedule 80 only. Threaded joints shall be used only in systems
requiring frequent disconnection for service or cleaning.

(m) MECHANICAL JOINTS: Mechanical joints shall be of the type

approved by the Buildings Control Officer.

3607.3 SPECIAL JOINTS:

(a) COPPER TUBING TO SCREWED PIPE JOINTS: Joints from
copper tubing to threaded pipe or threaded connection shall be
made by the use of brass copper converter fittings. The joint
between the copper pipe and the fittings shall be properly
soldered, and the connection between the threaded pipe and the
fitting shall be made with a standard pipe size screw joint. In
order to minimize electrolysis, except for valves, all connections
between copper and iron or steel shall be by using male copper
adapters into female ferrous fittings, or by means of insulating
bushings or unions. All connections to domestic water heaters
shall be by means of insulating fittings.

(b) WELDING OR BRAZING: Brazing or welding shall be performed

in accordance with requirements of recognized published
standards of practice.

(c) SLIP JOINTS: In drainage systems, slip joints may be used only
on the inlet side of the trap or in the trap seal except by specific
approval by the Buildings Control Officer. In water piping, only
one slip joint connection shall be allowed on each exposed supply
to a fixture.

(d) EXPANSION JOINTS:Expansion joints must be accessible and may

be used where necessary to provide for expansion and contraction
of the pipes. Expansion bends need not be accessible.

(e) GROUND JOINT BRASS CONNECTIONS: Ground joint brass

connections which allow adjustments of tubing but provide a
rigid joint when made up shall not be considered as slip joints.

36-54
3607.3 UNIONS (SCREWED):
(a) DRAINAGE SYSTEM: Unions may be used in the trap seal and
on the inlet side of the trap. Unions shall have metal-to-metal
seats.

(b) WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM: Unions in the water-supply system

shall be metal-to-metal with ground seats.

3607.5 FLOOR CONNECTED FIXTURES WITH INTEGRAL TRAP: A brass floor

flange shall be wiped or soldered as required. The connection shall be
bolted, with an approved gasket or washer or setting compound between
the earthenware and the connection. The floor flange shall be set on an
approved firm base. The use of commercial putty or plaster is prohibited.

3607.6 PROHIBITED JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS IN DRAINAGE SYSTEMS:

(a) Any fittings or connection which has an enlargement, chamber, or
recess with a ledge, shoulder, or reduction of pipe area, that
offers an obstruction to flow through the drain, is prohibited.

(b) EXCEPTIONS: Floor or urinal strainers may be caulked. A

directional fitting may be used to connect a domestic food-waste
disposal unit in a two-compartment sink.

(c) The drilling and tapping of drains, sewers, soil leaders, waste or
vent pipes and the use of saddle hubs and bends is prohibited,
except for repair work in existing system and then only after specific
approval from the Buildings Control Officer.

3607.7 WATERPROOFING OF OPENINGS:Joints at the roof, around vent

pipes, shall be made watertight by the use of lead, copper or pitch pan.
Exterior wall openings shall be made watertight.

3607.8 INCREASERS AND REDUCERS: Where different sizes of pipes, or

pipes and fittings are to be connected, the proper size increasers or
reducers or reducing fittings shall be used between the two sizes.

36-55
SUB-INDEX

3608 TRAPS AND CLEANOUTS

Paragraph No. Paragraph Title Page No.

3608.1 Traps 36-68

(a) Fixture Traps 36-68
(b) Table K 36-69
(c) Horizontal Distance of Fixture
Trap from Vent 36-69
(d) Traps Protected 36-69
(e) Relation to Fixture Drains 36-69
(f) Type of Traps 36-69
(g) Traps Prohibited 36-69
3608.2 General Requirements 36-69
(a) Trap Seal 36-69
(b) Trap Cleanouts 36-69
(c) Trap Level and Protection 36-70
3608.3 Cleanouts 36-70
(b) Exceptions for One Storey
Dwellings, Motels and Apartment 36-71
Houses
3608.4 Cleanout Sizes 36-71

PLUMBING (Continued)

3608 TRAPS AND CLEANOUTS

3608.1 TRAPS:
(a) FIXTURE TRAPS: Plumbing fixtures, excepting those having
integral traps, shall be separately trapped by a water seal trap.

TABLEK

HORIZONTAL DISTANCE OF FIXTURE TRAP

FROM VENT OPENING

Size of Fixture Drain Distance Trap to Vent

Inches Feet
1-1/4 5 feet
1-1/2 5 feet
2 5 feet
Floor connected fixtures with integral 5 feet
traps Floor drains and interceptors 15 feet

36-56
 (b) The top of the vent pipe opening serving a future branch, except
water closets, floor drains and similar fixtures, shall not be below
the crown weir of the fixture trap. The vertical drop of a pipe
serving a floor connected integral trap fixture shall not exceed
twenty-four inches. Floor drains requiring a vertical drop greater
than eighteen inches on the inlet side of the trap may be installed
by a vertical rise not to exceed 6 feet from the horizontal drain
except, that the horizontal section of the rise shall be a minimum
of three feet from the outlet of the trap to the vertical section.
Other fixture trap inlets shall not be more than eighteen inches
measured vertically from the bottom of the future to the top of
trap seal.

(c) HORIZONTAL DISTANCE OF FIXTURE TRAP FROM VENT:The

distance shall be measured along the centre of the fixture branch
from the crown weir of the trap to the vent opening except for
fixtures with integral traps in which case the horizontal distance
shall not exceed (Table K) from the vent to the downstream edge
of the vertical section of the fixture outlet branch. The total grade
of a fixture branch to the vent shall not exceed the internal
diameter of the branch.

(d) TRAPS PROTECTED: Every fixture trap shall be protected against

siphonage and back pressure; and air circulation shall be assured
by means of a soil vent, waste vent, revert, stack vent, a common
vent, loop, circuit or wet vent. No crown vent shall be installed.

(e) RELATION TO FIXTURE DRAINS: No trap outlet shall be

larger than the fixture branch to which it is connected.

(f) TYPE OF TRAPS: Fixture traps shall be self-cleaning, except

interceptor traps.

(g) TRAPS PROHIBITED: No form of trap which depends for its

seal upon the action of movable parts shall be wed. No bell trap,
3/ 4 S trap, drum trap, pot trap, or bottle trap shall be used. Traps
in covered or concealed places shall be of cast iron, cast brass or
lead. Accessible traps except integral traps, including tail pieces,
trap arms, overflow and trap assembly, shall be of cast iron, cast
brass, lead or (.045) 17 gauge brass or copper.

3608.2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS:

(a) TRAP SEAL: Each fixture trap shall have a water seal of not less
than two inches and not more than four inches, except when
deeper seals are required for interceptors, or special-purpose
fixtures.

36-57
(b) TRAP CLEANOUTS:Trap cleanouts are prohibited on all concealed
traps.

36-58
 (c) TRAP LEVEL AND PROTECTION: All traps shall be set level
in relation to their water seals and protected from siphonage. See
Subsection 3613.13 (c) for re-seal requirements.

3608.3 CLEANOUTS:
(a) A cleanout shall be required at the base of each soil and waste
stack excluding interior rain water leaders.

(1) Every building drain or branch drain shall have an

accessible cleanout every 50 feet. Such cleanout shall be
located in a basement, or flush with finished floor or
outside of building and brought to finish grade or, in a
vertical stack, not more than five feet above finished floor.

(2) No cleanout will be required in the base of a stack rising

vertically from a horizontal building drain provided the
building drain cleanout is upstream from the vertical stack
connection.

(3) All cleanouts shall be accessibly located and have 18 inches

clearance to permit downstream rodding. Wall cleanouts shall
be flush with, or protrude beyond finished walls, or made
accessible through access doors. Floor cleanouts shall be flush
with finished floor and furnished with flush type plugs.

(4) In lieu of a cleanout at the base of a stack, or in the vertical

section of the stack, the cleanout may be extended from the
upstream side of the stack base to the finished floor level,
or to outside of building and brought to finish grade level,
or to outside of building into a pit or box with metal cover
brought to finish grade.

(5) The base of a stack shall be deemed to mean the lowest

point of any vertical soil or waste stack inclusive of
horizontal section in such vertical stacks.

(6) Maximum distance between cleanouts on a building sewer

shall be 75 feet.

(7) Where cleanout plugs are installed in horizontal

underground lines outside the building, they shall be
encircled with a 12 inch diameter concrete marker for
protection and ready visibility.

(8) Every manhole or cleanout shall permit ready access to

the pipe for inspection and cleaning purposes; shall be
of
36-59
 sufficient strength, watertight, and in the case of manholes,
shall have suitable channels and eloping benchings for
smooth flow.

(b) EXCEPTIONS FOR ONE STOREY DWELLINGS, MOTELS AND

APARTMENT HOUSES: In lieu of cleanouts at base of stack,
cleanout locations may be as follows:

(1) Full size cleanout located outside, in building sewer line

and within five feet of building wall from point of exit of
house sewer and which permit upstream rodding to the base
of the stack and downstream rodding, provided that the
building drain or sewer has no more than one 90 degree
change of direction. Such cleanout shall be brought to
grade.

(2) Any trapped opening in a vertical stack receiving an

exposed screwed fixture trap and which has no arms or
bends between the trap outlet and stack opening.

(3) A waste stack extending full waste stack size through the
roof and which is vertical throughout.

(4) Grease interceptor cleanout shall be located in the stack above

the interceptor waste branch connection.

(5) A cleanout fitting shall be provided in the horizontal arm

sections of grease interceptors.

(6) Test fittings shall be placed at property line with suitable

cleanout fittings.Such cleanout need not be brought to
grade.

3608.4 CLEANOUT SIZES: Cleanouts shall be the same nominal size as the
pipe into which they are installed up to six inches and not less than six
inches for larger pipe.

36-60
SUB-INDEX

3609 HANGERS AND SUPPORTS

Paragraph No. Paragraph Title Page No.

3609.1 Strains and Stresses 36-72

3609.2 Vertical Piping 36-72
(a) Attachment 36-72
(b) Cast-Iron Soil Pipe 36-72
(c) Screwed Pipe Cold 36-73
(d) Screwed Pipe Hot 36-73
(e) Copper Tubing 36-73
(f) Copper Tubing 36-73
(g) Lead Pipe 36-73
(h) Plastic Piping 36-73
3609.3 Horizontal Piping 36-73
(a) Supports 36-73
(b) Cast-Iron Soil Pipe 36-73
(c) Screwed Pipe 36-73
(d) Copper Tubing 36-73
(e) Lead Pipe 36-73
(f) In Ground 36-73
3609.4 Hangers and Anchors 36-73
(a) Material 36-73
(b) Attachment 36-65
3609.5 Bases of Stacks 36-65
(a) Supports 36-65
(b) Piping Material 36-65
3609.6 Wood Supports 36-65

PLUMBING (Continued)

3609 HANGERS AND SUPPORTS

3609.1 STRAINS AND STRESSES: Piping in a plumbing system shall be

installed without undue strain and stresses and provisions shall be made
for expansion, contraction and structural settlement.

3609.2 VERTICAL PIPING:

(a) ATTACHMENT:Vertical piping shall be secured at sufficiently close
intervals to keep the pipe in alignment and carry the weight of
the pipe and contents.

(b) CAST-IRON SOIL PIPE: Cast-iron soil pipe shall be supported

at not less than at every storey height and its base.

36-61
 (c) SCREWED PIPE COLD: Screwed pipe (I.P.S.)shall be supported at
not less than every other storey height.

(d) SCREWED PIPE HOT: Screwed pipe (I.P.S.) shall be properly

supported to provide for expansion.

(e) COPPER TUBING: Cold copper tubing shall be supported at

each storey.

(f) COPPER TUBING: Hot copper tubing shall be properly

supported to provide for expansion, and contraction.

(g) LEAD PIPE: Lead pipe shall be supported at intervals not exceeding
four feet.

(h) PLASTIC PIPING: Plastic piping shall be supported at maximum

5 feet intervals, or less spacing depending on size. Full allowance
for expansion and contraction based on a potential temperature
differential of 50r-F. Installation shall conform to latest,
published recommendations of the manufacturer.

3609.3 HORIZONTAL PIPING:

(a) SUPPORTS: Horizontal piping shall be supported at sufficiently
close intervals to keep it in alignment and prevent sagging.

(b) CAST-IRON SOIL PIPE: Cast-iron soil pipe shall be supported

at not more than five foot intervals.

(c) SCREWED PIPE: Screwed pipe (I.P.S.) shall be supported at

approximately ten foot intervals.

(d) COPPER TUBING: Copper tubing shall be supported at

approximately eight foot intervals.

(e) LEAD PIPE: Lead pipe shall be supported for its entire length.

(f) IN GROUND: Piping in the ground shall be laid on a firm bed for
the entire length, except where support is otherwise provided
which is adequate in the judgement of the Buildings Control
Officer.

3609.4 HANGERS AND ANCHORS:

(a) MATERIAL: Hangers and anchors shall be of metal of sufficient
strength to support the pipe and contents in proper alignment and
to prevent rattling. Hangers and anchors shall be of the same
material as being supported, or if different materials, they shall
not be subject to electrolysis.
36-62
 (b) ATTACHMENT: Hangers and anchors shall be securely attached
to the building construction in an approved manner.

3609.5 BASES OF STACKS:

(a) SUPPORTS: Bases of cast-iron soil stack shall be supported
on masonry construction, metal brackets attached to the
building construction, or by other methods approved by the
Buildings Control Officer.

(b) PIPING MATERIAL: Other piping materials shall be supported

and/ or anchored as required by the Buildings Control Officer.

3609.6 WOOD SUPPORTS: No wooden supports shall be used except where

attachment is made to wood frame construction. Platforms, or equipment
bases may be wood unless prohibited by fire-resistive standards in other
chapters of the Building Code.

36-63
SUB-INDEX

3610 VENTS AND VENTING SYSTEM

Paragraph No. Paragraph Title Page No.

3610.1 Vent Terminals 36-75

(c) Flashings 36-76
(d) Flag Poling 36-76
(e) Roof Terminal 36-76
3610.2 Vent Grades and Connections 36-76
(a) Grade 36-76
(b) Vertical Rise 36-76
(c) Height Above Fixtures 36-76
3610.3 Common Vent 36-76
3610.4 Wet Venting 36-76
3610.5 (a) Circuit or Loop Vent 36-77
(b) Size of Circuit or Loop Vent 36-77
3610.6 Cabana Showers 36-78
3610.7 Fixtures Washed by Water Closets 36-78
3610.8 Combination Waste and Vent 36-78
3610.9 Main Vents to Connect at Base 36-79
(c) Size oflndividual Vents 36-79
(d) Size of Vent Piping 36-79
3610.10 Soil Waste and Vent Stacks 36-80

PLUMBING (Continued)

3610 VENTS AND VENTING SYSTEM

3610.1 VENT TERMINALS:

(a) Extensions of vent pipe through a roof shall be terminated at least
six inches above the roof.

(b) All extensions of soil, waste, and vent stacks shall extend full
size at least one-half foot above the roof. Vent stacks on the
exterior walls of a structure with parapet walls shall extend six
inches above same. Vent extensions above the roof shall not
exceed three feet if of cast-iron or ten feet if of screw pipe or
copper tube. Screw pipe or copper tube shall extend in one piece
at least five feet under the roof and be securely fastened to prevent
wind damage. Where roofs are used for sun decks, solariums or
similar purposes all vents shall extend not less than seven feet
above the deck and shall be properly supported at, and below, the
roof level.

36-64
 (c) FLASHINGS: Each vent terminal shall be made water-tight with
the roof by proper lead or copper flashings or pitch pan. Where
vent pipes extend more than 12 inches above the roof a collar or
draw band shall be installed around the top of the lead flashing
and thoroughly caulked in place.

(d) FLAG POLING: Vent terminals shall not be used for the purpose
of flag poling, TV aerials, or similar purposes.

(e) ROOF TERMINAL: The roof terminal of any vent pipe if within 10
feet of any door, window or ventilating opening shall extend at
least three feet above such door, window or ventilating opening.
No vent terminal of a sanitary system of a building shall be within
15 feet developed distance of any mechanical air intake opening
unless approved by the Buildings Control Officer and Minister of
Health.

3610.2 VENT GRADES AND CONNECTIONS:

(a) GRADE: All vent and branch-vent pipes shall be 80 graded and
connected as to drain dry, and provide for free un-impeded
circulation of air within the vent.

(b) VERTICAL RISE: Where dry vent pipes connect to a horizontal

soil or waste pipe, the vent shall be taken off above the centre line
of the soil pipe, and the vent pipe shall rise vertically, or at an
angle not more than 45 degrees from the vertical to a point at least
six inches above the flood-level rim of the fixture it is venting
before offsetting horizontally or before connecting to the branch
vent. The fitting installed at the connection of both wet, or dry
vents shall have a sanitary pattern, in the direction of flow of the
horizontal drain.

(c) HEIGHT ABOVE FIXTURES: A connection between a vent

pipe and a vent stack or stack-vent shall be made at least six inches
above the flood-level rim of the highest fixtures served by the
vent. Vent pipes above this height may be horizontal (graded) and
fittings can be straight pattern.

3610.3 COMMON VENT: Where fixtures are located directly adjacent to one
another, and connect to a vertical stack at the same level, the fixture
traps may be served by a common vent, sized in accordance with
TABLE M.

3610.4 WET VENTING:

(a) Horizontal wet vents shall not exceed 15 feet and shall receive
discharge from fixture branches only. Wet vent piping fittings
shall be sanitary or drainage pattern, up to, and including the
36-65
connection of the highest fixture.

36-66
 (b) Vertical wet vents connecting to a horizontal wet vent shall not
exceed six feet. (EXCEPTION: See Combination Waste and Vent
Subsection).

(c) The following table shall be used to determine the minimum size
and the maximum capacity of wet vents:

2" Vent: Four fixture units. (Exception: No sinks or urinals or

pressure discharge fixtures.)

21 / 2" Vent: Ten fixture units, no water closets or fixtures

requiring a waste opening greater than two inches shall be
permitted.

3" Vent: Sixteen fixture units, no water closets or fixtures having an

opening greater than 3 inches.

4" Vent: Thirty-two fixture units, no water closets or fixtures having

an opening greater than 4 inches.

(d) Above the points of intersection of fixtures in wet vents, vent size
can be reduced to minimum requirements for dry vents providing
all fixtures are on the same floor level.

(e) Two water closets on a horizontal section may be vented by a wet

or dry vent stack taken off between the two water closets,
providing the vent intersection is within five feet horizontal
developed length from each water closet vertical outlet, and all
fixtures are on same storey level.

3610.5 CIRCUIT OR LOOP VENT:

(a) A series of adjacent fixtures may be installed on a horizontal
drain. A vent shall be installed vertically within five feet
downstream from the first fixture branches, and another vent
installed vertically between the last two water-supplied fixture
branches connected to the horizontal drain section provided all
fixtures are located in the same or adjoining toilet rooms at the
same level. The horizontal drain shall not exceed a distance of 24
feet between the initial and terminal, vents. If a change in
direction (horizontal plane only) is required, a 2 diameter vent
shall be installed within 12 inches of each change in direction.

(b) SIZE OF CIRCUIT OR LOOP VENT: The pipe of the dry vent
section of a circuit or loop vent may have a diameter of one pipe
size less than the diameter of the pipe of the horizontal soil or
waste drain it serves.

36-67
 TABLE 1

SIZES OF CIRCUIT AND/OR LOOP VENTS

Size of Number of Traps Size of Dry

Drain Vent Pipe
2" Six 1-1/4" 'traps or four 11/2" traps other
than sink traps. No urinal traps allowed 1-1/2"
3" Thirty (30) waste Fixture units, other than
urinal traps, or six (6) urinal traps 2"
4" Twelve (12) water closets and, in addition,
thirty-six (36) waste fixture units* may
waste
into such soil pipe • 3"

*Eight (8) of the allowable thirty-six (36) waste fixture units maybe
connected into either the initial vent, or the terminal vent serving a 4"
horizontal drain, by means of waste arms only provided that the total of
36 units in the horizontal drain is not exceeded, and the size of the vent
pipe is increased from 3" to 4".

3610.6 CABANA SHOWERS: Multiple cabana showers may be installed on a

circuit or loop vented branch and not limited as to distance between fixture
branches, provided all cabana shower drains shall waste through an
approved sand interceptor before entering the sewer, drainage or
disposal system.

3610.7 FIXTURES WASHED BY WATER CLOSETS: Urinal traps and floor drains
installed downstream from a water closet in a circuit or loop vent group
shall be three inches. Any other fixture trap installed downstream from a
water closet shall be reverted.

3610.8 COMBINATION WASTE AND VENT:

(a) In buildings for residential occupancy only, fixture branches
other than water closets or fixtures requiring a flushometer value
on the water supply and requiring a waste opening not greater
than two inches may be installed on a combined waste and vent
stack as follows: Such branches will be allowed to discharge into
a waste stack extended undiminished in size through the roof
according to the following table provided that the stack is vertical
throughout, and that no kitchen sinks be placed on a two inch
combined waste and vent stack. All fixture branches shall be
connected to the main stack by means of combination wye and 1
/ 8 bends.
36-68
 TABLE2

SIZES OF COMBINATION WASTE & VENT

Diameter Fixture units Maximum

of Stack on Stack Length
2 inch (no kitchen sinks) 4 30 feet

2-1/2 inch 10 40 feet

3inch 16 50 feet

3-1/2 inch 25 75 feet

4inch 32 100 feet

5inch 50 200 feet

NOTATIONS:

For drinking fountains and fountain cuspidors, the fixture units may be
increased ten times and the permitted length increased two times above
those specified.

3610.9 MAIN VENTS TO CONNECT AT BASE:

(a) All main vents or vent stacks shall connect full size at their base
to the main soil or waste stack, at or below the lowest fixture
branch of such waste stack. Such base shall be washed by a fixture
or group of fixtures. The diameter of the vent pipe shall not
exceed the diameter of the soil or waste stack to which it
connects.

(b) All soil, waste and vent stacks carried to the second floor level of
a building shall extend full size above the roof, or shall be
connected to a vent stack of the same diameter or larger. In a
multi-storey building soil and waste stacks may enter a horizontal
building drain suspended below the second floor level and such
horizontal section shall be considered a part of the building drain.

(c) SIZE OF INDIVIDUAL VENTS: The diameter of an individual

vent shall be not less than 1-1 / 4 inches nor less than one-half the
diameter of the drain to which it is connected. No vent for a water
closet shall be less than two inches in diameter.

(d) SIZE OF VENT PIPING: The nominal size of vent piping shall
be determined from its developed length and the total of fixture
units connected thereto, as provided in Table M. Fixture unit shall
be taken from Table G or Table H. Section 3605.
36-69
 TABLEM

SIZE AND LENGTH OF VENT PIPING

Diameter Maximwn Size and Maximum Length of Vent (Feet)

of Soil Fixtures
or waste Units
Stack 1- 1- 2" 2- 3" 4" 5" 6"
1/4" 1/2" 1/2"
1-1/4 1 70
1-1/2 4 70 190
1-1/2 6 50 175
2 8 50 150 400
2 12 45 75 300
2 24 20 50 200
2-1/2 36 35 140 400
3 12 30 100 300 1200
3 36 50 200 800
3 72 40 70 400
4 100 35 150 300 1200
4 200 30 100 240 900
4 500 20 45 100 150
5 200 35 80 450 1300
5 500 30 70 300 1000
5 1100 20 45 180 600
6 350 30 50 200 600 1300
6 620 15 30 150 400 1100
6 960 25 100 300 1100
6 1900 15 80 250 700
8 600 80 200 500
8 1400 50 100 400
8 2200 40 80 350
8 3600 30 60 250

Horizontal section not to exceed 20 percent of the above total lengths for a
particular vent size.

3610.10 SOIL WASTE AND VENT STACKS:

(a) For each building having a single building sewer receiving the
discharge of a water closet there shall be at least one minimum
size vent stack, extending above the building roof no less than
three inches in diameter, or of a larger diameter, as set out in
Table M.

(1) Main vent stack size for buildings having multiple building
sewers. In buildings having more than one building sewer,
each building sewer receiving the discharge of a water
closet shall have at least one minimum size vent stack, no
less than three inches in diameter or that of a larger
diameter extending above the building roof as set out in
Table M.
36-70
(2) Vent stacks for accessory buildings. For accessory
buildings on a lot or building site connected by a common
building sewer, the minimum size for a vent stack shall be
as provided for in Table M. If a water closet is installed in
an accessory building the minimum size vent shall be two
inches.

36-71
NOTES

36-72
SUB-INDEX

3611 STORM DRAINAGE SYSTEM

Paragraph No. Paragraph Title Page No.

3611.1 General: Roof Drainage 36-83

3611.2 Size of Gutters and Vertical Leaders 36-84
3611.3 Minimum Number of Roof Drains 36-84
3611.4 Design of Roof Drain Strainers 36-85
3611.5 Connections with Leader Prohibited 36-85
3611.6 Requirements Governing the Disposition of
Rainwater 36-85
3611.7 Protection from Mosquitoes 36-88
3611.8 Soakage Pit Lids 36-88
3611.9 Disposal to Pervious Ground 36-90
3611.10 Soakage Pit Sizes 36-90

PLUMBING (Continued)

3611 STORM SYSTEM

3611.1 GENERAL: ROOF DRAINAGE: Where public water supply is judged

to be in limited quantity, rainwater collection and storage tanks shall be
required as defined in Section 3617, Plumbing Code for Small
Buildings. The required sizes of storm water drains and sewers for roofs
shall be determined on the basis of the total drained area in horizontal
projection except that where a building will extend above the roof or
court in such a manner as to drain onto the roof or court, one third of the
vertical section shall be added to the horizontal projection and sized in
accordance with Table O (1). When roof drains are to be installed, in
lieu of exterior gutters and leaders, installation in accordance with Sub-
Section 3611.3 shall be required. Each roof drain shall be provided with
a clamped flashing not less than 30 inches diameter, of 14 oz. copper, 4
lb. sheet lead, or approved composition material extended under the
normal roofing material.

36-73
 TABLE O (1)

SIZE OF STORMWATER DRAINS,VERTICAL LEADERS AND

GUTTERS

Nominal Building Storm Sewers and Drains Gutters Leaders

Pipe VS" per 1/4" per V2" per
Size ft. slope ft. slope ft. slope
(Inches)
3 745 1,080 1,270 635 1,270
4 1,560 2,210 3,080 1,540 3,080
5 2,810 4,000 5,620 2,810 5,620
6 4,450 6,290 8,880 4,440 8,880
8 9,460 13,760 18,950 9,975 18,950
10 18,100 25,600 36,400 18,200 36,400
12 30,000 42,000 60,000
14 38,500 54,700 76,000
15 55,400 78,400 109,000

NOTATIONS:
For required sizes of ground surface drainage, see Table O (2)

3611.2 SIZE OF GUTTERS AND VERTICAL LEADERS:

(a) No gutter or leader shall be less than set forth in Table O (1).
Areas in excess of those shown are not permitted for gutters or
leaders.

(b) There shall be no reduction in size of rainwater leaders or drains

in the direction of flow.

(c) The above sizes of rain leaders are based on diameter of circular
rain leaders, and gutters based on semicircular sheet-metal gutter
with the top dimension given. Other shapes shall have the same
cross sectioned area, except that the aspect ratio of rectangular
leaders shall not exceed 2 to 1. For example, 4"x8" leaders would
be permitted, but 4"x 9"would not.

(d) Gutters and exterior leaders shall not be used on buildings over
six (6) stories. Interior leaders and roof drains shall be required
for buildings seven (7) stories and higher.

3611.3 MINIMUM NUMBER OF ROOF DRAINS: When the roof perimeter

has a parapet, or other raised construction, a minimum of two (2) roof
drains shall be provided, and in addition a minimum of two overflow
scuppers, each with a free area of not less twice that of each roof drains
(or leader size) to be provided. Scuppers shall conform to the requirements
in Chapter 30, Section 3010.
36-74
3611.4 DESIGN OF ROOF DRAIN STRAINERS: Where roof surfaces drain
through the roof, as to the inside leader, a strainer shall be provided and
such strainer shall extend not less than four inches above the surface of
the roof immediately adjacent to the roof drain. Furthermore, such strainers
shall have an available inlet area, of not less than two and one-half times
the area of the conductor or leader to which the drain is connected, with
the exception that roof drain strainers for use on sun decks, parking
decks, and similar areas, normally serviced and maintained, may be of
the flat surface type.

3611.5 CONNECTIONS WITH LEADER PROHIBITED: Leader pipes shall not

be used as soil, waste or vent pipes; nor shall any soil waste or vent
pipes be used as leaders. Air conditioning equipment shall not discharge
or overflow upon any roof where rain water leaders discharge into any
surface or curb gutter at grade except by specific approval by the
Minister of Works.

3611.6 REQUIREMENTS GOVERNING THE DISPOSITION OF RAINWATER:

(a) Rainwater or other liquid wastes from any premises shall be
disposed of where same originates and/ or falls in such manner as
herein provided. The disposal of any rainwater or other liquid
wastes by causing or allowing same to be disposed of or flow on
or across any adjoining property or sidewalk, either public or
private, shall be deemed a nuisance, and shall be corrected by
properly disposing of same in accordance with the provisions of
this Code and/ or as directed by the Minister of Works and Minister
of Health.

(b) Rainwater shall be disposed of as follows with required

preference in order listed:

(1) To a storm sewer or a storm sewer catch basin where

permitted.

(2) To a street gutter but only if first approved.

(3) Into a drainage well, if approved. Drainage wells shall have

sufficient depth to extend to salt or brackish water.

(4) Into a soakage pit.

(5) Upon pervious ground.

(6) All rainwater drainage openings which discharge

objectionable gases, and which are within 15 feet of
adjacent building openings, interior courts or air share,
windows, ventilating openings, air intake equipment, or
36-75
where roof is used by human beings for sun bathing or
other purposes,

36-76
 shall be protected from discharging such gases by
installation of accessibly located back water valves or
automatic self sealing traps. Back water valves shall be so
constructed as to remain in a closed position when not
discharging liquids.

(7) All rain or storm water drains shall be installed to drain dry.

(c) Rainwater pipes shall not discharge over sidewalks.

(d) No liquid waste, except rainwater, shall be discharged into

rainwater pipes which terminate at a street or sidewalk or
above the ground surface.

(e) The following table based on rainfall statistics of one-half inch

rain in five minutes over one square foot of roof or impervious, or
paved area shall be used to compute the drainage requirements for
the disposal of rainwater.

1 minute .00833 cu. ft. or 14.4 cu. inches or .0625 gallons

2 minutes .01667 cu. ft. or 28.8 cu. inches or .1260 gallons

5 minutes .0417 cu. ft. or 72.0 cu. inches or .3126 gallons

(f) (1) Pipe to carry rainwater only, where located under a

sidewalk and discharging into a street gutter, shall be cast
iron pipe with oakum and lead caulked and or one ring
oakum and one-half cement and one-half sand mortar
joints. Where such pipe cannot be installed by reason of the
depth of the curb being less than the pipe, diameter plus the
necessary concrete cover over such a pipe, bituminous fiber
pipe, a 14-inch gauge (5/ 64) galvanised sheet metal flume
box, P.V.C. plastic of equivalent cross sectional area may
be substituted for the pipe.

(2) The following table shall be used to compute such cross

sectional area:
Diameter of Pipe Area in Inches

4" 12,566

5" 19,635

6" 29,274
36-77
8" 50,265

36-78
 (3) A concrete cover not less than two inches thick, reinforced with
6"x6" No.10 gauge road mesh wire shall be required over a
pipe or flume box under a public sidewalk The bottom and
sides of a flume box through which bituminous fiber or
P.V.C. pipe pass shall be of poured concrete at least four
inches thick and the concrete shall be of not less strength
than 3000 psi in 28 days.

(4) In the construction and installation of flume boxes and/ or

pipe under sidewalks to or street gutter for disposal of
rainwater, all plumbing permits and inspection for work
inside the property line shall be secured from the Minister of
Works. Permits and inspection for work outside the property
line shall be secured from the Minister of Works.

(g) No public sidewalk or driveway may be patched. Public sidewalks

and driveways which are cut, tunneled, channeled or which have a
pipe driven under same shall be replaced with full size blocks.

(h) The minimum size for sloping rainwater drains and storm sewers
for surface drainage (not including pipes or building drains for roof
drainage) shall be not less than the following size based on the
horizontal projection of the surface area drained:

TABLE O (2)
MINIMUM PIPE SIZES AND SLOPES FOR GROUND SURFACE
STORM SEWERS

Diameter of Pipe Maximum Ground Surface Area for Storm

in Inches Sewers of Various Slopes
1/8" per 1/4" per 1/2" per
ft. slope ft. slope ft. slope
4 2,470 2,930 3,600
6 7,110 8,360 11,400
8 15,900 18,400 22,600
10 30,200 34,300 42,300
12 49,800 57,000 68,600
15 87,800 107,000 130,000
18 150,000 167,600 210,000
21 226,000 268,000 326,000
24 326,000 377,000 463,000
27 463,000 510,000 630,000
30 586,000 670,000 837,000

NOTATIONS:
Where ground surface storm sewers are connected to the buildings
storm sewer, the size of the combined storm sewer shall be as set
forth in Table O (1). Use Table O (1) for drainage of roofs, and
portions of structures.

36-79
3611.7 PROTECTION FROM MOSQUITOES:
(a) A film or oil or other equally effective substance shall be maintained
on the surface of all liquids in any exposed basin, trap, tank, or
receptacle not in regular use.

(b) A flap check or flapper valve shall be placed on each soakage pit
pipe inlet connection from rainwater surface catch basin and such
flap or flapper shall be suitable to prevent the passage of mosquitoes
and vermin. The flap check shall be hung so as to completely
close the pipe inlet when not in use.

(c) Emergency inverted overflow fittings of the same size as the

leader pipe up to and including four inch shall be provided at the
base of each rainwater leader discharging directly into soakage
pits. In lieu of an overflow on each leader, one overflow of the
same size as the largest pipe, extending from such pipe, may be
provided. Such fittings shall discharge at points which, in the
opinion of the Minister of Health, are the least possible to become
a nuisance to the public, to occupants of a premises, or to
neighbouring property. Should the overflow from such a fitting
become a nuisance, it shall be sealed and some other acceptable
method of disposal be provided. For leaders five inches and over,
the emergency overflow shall be a minimum of four inches. All
overflow openings shall be screened to prevent entrance of
mosquitoes. Screens shall be brass or stainless steel.

3611.8 SOAKAGE PIT LIDS:

(a) Soakage pit lids shall be designed to support the anticipated
loadings but not leas than that of a 10 - ton truck. Not less than
the following minimum slab thickness and reinforcement areas
shall be permitted: Each lid shall have an access manhole not less
than 18"x24".

Trench Slab Reinforcement

SJ:!an Thickness #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8
2' 5" Bottom Ba,,rs 6" 12" 12" 12" 12" 12"
3' 6" u
3" 7' 10" 12" 12" 12"
4' 7' No 6" 7' 10" 12" 12"
5' 7' No No 6" 7' 10" 12"
No No No
fl
6' 8"* 6" 8" 10"

* Eighth-inch slab over six-foot trenches require additional No. 5

bars six inches o.c. placed 3/ 4 inch from top of slab.

(b) Reinforcing across trench is to be placed 3 / 4 inch up from

bottom of slab. Temperature reinforcing lengthwise in the lid shall
be No. 4 bars 9 in. o.c.

36-80
(c) Support of slab lid shall be on block walls or on rock trench walls.

(d) If slab lid is supported on block walls, such walls shall be laid on
an 8 in. deep by 10 in. wide footing and a reinforced beam, not
less than 12 inches deep with not less than 4 No. 5 bars, shall be
poured over the block. Vertical support shall be provided about
every 15 feet by reinforcing two adjacent block cells with one No.
5 vertical bar, and filling the cell with concrete.

(e) Support may be on rock trench walls, provided the rock is solid
and free from honeycombing. Afooting, 10 inches deep
(including slab thickness) by sixteen inches wide with two No. 5
bars, shall be provided. Trench width shall be computed from the
centre of such footing for the table given above.

(f) Any reasonable combination of these methods may be used.

Under unusual conditions on filled soil where the entire pit will
rest on such fill, a design by a qualified engineer approved by the
Minister of Works shall be required.

(g) When the block wall bearing is used it is necessary that a

properly designed cantilever, 18 inches in width, be constructed
to retard or prevent back wash and honeycombing. Such
cantilever shall be of the same thickness as the slab and the
principal slab reinforcing shall be alternately bent bars.

(h) Concrete blocks shall be laid on mortar with the block cells
vertical and with the vertical block intersection having a one-
fourth inch gap without mortar.

(i) Inspection shall be required and requested when blocks are in

place and sewer is connected tosoaking pit, and before top form is
placed over soakage pit.

(j) No concrete shall be poured until steel is tied and in place and
approved. Concrete shall be 3000 p.s.i., in 28 day strength.

36-81
3611.9 DISPOSAL TO PERVIOUS GROUND:
(a) Rainwater may be disposed to uncovered, pervious areas where
not otherwise disposal of as set forth above.

(b) Sufficient uncovered pervious areas for rainwater seepage shall be

provided on each building sib on a minimum ratio of ten square
feet of impervious area to one square foot of pervious area, of
suitable porosity.

(c) For the purposes of this Code, pervious area shall be deemed to
mean ground unpacked by traffic or uncoated by any material,
and of suitable porosity.

(d) Where there is reason to believe the ground is of low porosity, the
Minister of Works may require that the owner submit the results
of a percolation teat to support his request for disposal thereto.

3611.10 SOAKAGE PIT SIZES: The net, effective internal capacity in cubic feet, or
U.S. gallons, shall be determined by multiplying the total area to be
served by 0.0417 cubic feet per square foot to obtain internal capacity in
cubic feet. To obtain the required capacity in U.S. gallons, multiply the
total area by 0.3125 U.S. gallons per square foot. Capacities determined
by the factors, above, should be considered to be minimum, and in areas
of low porosity percolation test may be required with resultant increases
in capacity.

36-82
SUB-INDEX

3612 INTERCEPTORS AND SEPARATORS

Paragraph No. Paragraph Title Page No.

3612.1 General Requirements 36-91

(a) Interceptors Required 36-91
(b) Approvals 36-92
(c) Separation 36-92
(d) Interceptor Efficiency 36-92
(e) Accessibility 36-92
(f) Maintenance 36-92
(g) Venting Interceptors 36-92
3612.2 Commercial Grease Interceptors 36-92
(a) When Required 36-92
(b) Minimum Size 36-92
(c) Venting Grease Interceptors 36-93
(d) Structural Design 36-93
3612.3 Gasoline, Oil and Sand Interceptors 36-93
(a) Required 36-93
(b) Floor Drains 36-93
(c) Minimum Dimension 36-93
(d) Pipe Connections 36-93
3612.4 Laundry Interceptors 36-94
3612.5 Bottling Establishments Interceptors 36-94
3612.6 Slaughter Interceptors 36-94

PLUMBING (Continued)

3612 INTERCEPTORS AND SEPARATORS

3612.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS:

(a) INTERCEPTORS REQUIRED: Interceptors (including grease, oil
and sand interceptors), shall be provided where required herein
for the interception and the separation from liquid wastes
materials such as grease, flammable wastes, sand, plaster, ground
glass and all other ingredients or liquids considered harmful to
the building drainage system, the public sewer or sewage plant or
processes. The terms interceptor and separator may be used
interchangeably and may be prefaced by a term indicating the
material separated or the location or use. See Section 3615,
SEWAGE AND LIQUID WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS.

36-83
 (b) APPROVALS:
(1) Interceptors shall not be installed unless approved by the
Buildings Control Officer and Minister of Health.

(2) The size, type and location of each interceptor together with
drawings including all pertinent information, shall be
submitted to the Buildings Control Officer, and Minister of
Health for approval before installation.

(3) Manufactured grease interceptors shall not be approved

unless of a type having been tested by an approved
laboratory and found to conform to all applicable
requirements of this Code, and the Buildings Control
Officer.

(c) SEPARATION: A mixture of light and heavy solids or liquids

and solids having various specific gravities may be treated and
then separated in an interceptor. Wastes not requiring treatment or
separation shall not be discharged into or through an interceptor.

(d) INTERCEPTOR EFFICIENCY: Interceptors shall be rated and

approved for their efficiency in accordance with accepted
practice, and as required by the Minister of Works.

(e) ACCESSIBILITY: Interceptors shall be so installed as to provide

ready accessibility to the cover and contents and means of servicing
and maintaining the interceptor in working and operating
condition.

(f) MAINTENANCE: Interceptors shall be maintained in efficient

operating condition by periodic removal of accumulated contents.

(g) VENTING INTERCEPTORS:Interceptors shall be so designed and

installed that they shall not become air-bound if closed covers are
used.

3612.2 COMMERCIAL GREASE INTERCEPTORS:

(a) WHEN REQUIRED:A grease interceptor may be omitted for single
family residences but shall be installed in the waste line leading
from sinks, drains or other fixtures in the following
establishments; restaurants, hotel kitchens or bars, factory
cafeterias or restaurant, clubs, processing plants or other
establishment where grease can be introduced into the drainage
system in quantities that can affect line stoppage or hinder sewage
disposal.

(b) MINIMUM SIZE:Exterior Concrete interceptors shall be of not less

36-84
size than set forth in Section 3615, "SEWAGE AND LIQUID
WASTE DISPOSAL."

36-85
 (c) VENTING GREASE INTERCEPTORS: Grease interceptors shall be
vented.

(d) STRUCTURAL DESIGN: Interceptors shall in general comply

structurally with the requirements set forth for septic tanks, except
that the outlet be shall extend to within 8 inches of the bottom of
the teak and the invert shall discharge a minimum of 2-1/2 inches
above the liquid level line. Lids may be of any material providing
structural stability for the location. A 22 inch diameter, or
18"x24" rectangular, clean-out manhole brought to grade shall be
provided.

3612.3 GASOLINE, OIL AND BAND INTERCEPTORS:

(a) REQUIRED: An approved gasoline, oil and sand interceptor shall
be provided in the following places:

(1) Public storage garages where floor drainage is to be provided.

(2) Where motor vehicles are washed; private individuals

excluded.

(3) Any place where motor vehicles are repaired and floor
drainage is provided.

(4) Shops, manufacturing and assembly plants where parts are

washed to remove oil and or greasy substances or anything
deleterious to any public sewer.

(5) Where oil, gasoline or other volatile liquid becomes a

nuisance.

(b) FLOOR DRAINS: Floor drains shall be of a bucket type with

minimum 4 inch diameter outlet.

(c) MINIMUM DIMENSION: Oil interceptors shall have a minimum

depth of not less than 2 feet below the invert of the discharge
drain and a minimum capacity of 18 cubic feet per twenty gallon
per minute flow. See Drawing No. 11 in Appendix B.

(d) PIPE CONNECTIONS:

(1) The minimum inlet, outlet and vent pipes shall be 4 inches
except as otherwise set forth herein.

(2) The 4 inch outlet shall be taken off the outer wall at the
bottom of the interceptor basin at a 45 degree angle in such
manner as to provide a trap seal of approximately 24 inches.

36-86
(3) The invert of the 4 inch drain inlet to interceptor basin shall

36-87
 be located not less than one inch above the water line.

(4) The interceptor local vent for the interceptor basin shall be
taken off vertically not more than 6 inches below the cover.

(5) Approved commercial interceptors may be used.

(6) The local vent for the interceptor basin shall be a minimum
size of 3 inches, and shall not be interconnected with other
venting systems.

(7) When service sinks, drinking fountains or novelty boxes are

installed in or adjacent to wash areas, the interceptor local
vent may be installed on the drain line for the purpose of
receiving the wastes from such fixtures.

(8) STRUCTURAL DESIGN: Interceptors shall be structurally

adequate to support the loads superimposed thereon
dependent on their location. A 5 / 8" thick removable metal
cover may be used under vehicular traffic loads where the
interceptor area does not exceed 9 square feet. A 3 / 8" thick
removable metal cover may be used where vehicle traffic
loads are not possible and the interceptor area does not
exceed 9 square feet. For larger areas or greater load
capacities or at the option of the designer, concrete lids may
be used but cast iron manholes brought to grade must be
provided. All covers must be accessible and brought to
grade.

3612.4 LAUNDRY INTERCEPTORS: Commercial laundries shall be equipped

with an interceptor having a non-removable one-half inch mesh screen
metal basket or similar device that will prevent strings, rags, buttons or
other materials detrimental to the collection and treatment system from
passing into the drainage system. Such 1 / 2 inch screen metal basket or
similar device shall be designed to be easily cleaned without completely
removing such basket or device.

3612.5 BOTTLING ESTABLISHMENTS INTERCEPTORS: Bottling plants

shall discharge their process wastes into an interceptor designed to
provide the separation of broken glass or other solids, before discharging
liquid wastes into the drainage system.

3612.6 SLAUGHTER INTERCEPTORS: Slaughtering rooms and dressing

rooms shall be provided with floor drains equipped with metal screen type
baskets piped to separators which shall prevent the discharge into the
drainage system of feathers, entrails or other materials likely to clog the
drainage system. Metal screen type baskets shall prevent passage into the
36-88
drainage system of solids exceeding one half inch.

36-89
SUB INDEX

3613 PLUMBING FIXTURES AND REQUIREMENTS

Paragraph No. Paragraph Title Page No.

3613.1 General Requirements 36-96

3613.2 Overflows 36-96
(a) Design 36-96
(b) Connection 36-97
3613.3 Special Fixtures and Specialties 36-97
(a) Water and Drain Connections 36-97
(b) Approval 36-97
(c) Vacuum Operated Plumbing
Fixtures 36-97
3613.4 Installation 36-97
(a) Cleaning 36-97
(b) Grouting or Sealing 36-97
(c) Securing Fixtures 36-97
(d) Wall-Hung Fixtures 36-97
(e) Setting 36-98
3613.5 Prohibited Fixtures and Connections 36-98
3613.6 Water Closets 36-98
(a) Public Use 36-98
(b) Flushing Device 36-98
(c) Float Valves 36-98
(d) Close-Coupled Tanks 36-98
(e) Automatic Flush Valve 36-98
3613.7 Urinals 36-98
3613.8 Lavatories 36-98
(a) Lead 36-99
(b) Copper 36-99
3613.9 Shower Receptors and Compartments 36-99
(a) Shower 36-99
(b) Dimensions 36-99
(c) Public or Institution Showers 36-99
(d) Walls 36-100
(e) Joints 36-100
3613.10 Sinks 36-100
(a) Waste Outlets 36-100
(b) Food Grinders 36-100
3613.11 Food Grinders-Where Permitted 36-100
(a) Food Grinders 36-100
(b) Food-Waste-Disposal Connections 36-100
(c) Grease Interceptors 36-100
(d) Commercial-Type Grinders 36-100
3613.12 Drinking Fountains 36-101
(a) Design and Construction 36-101

36-90
 (b) Protection of Water Supply 36-101
3613.13 Floor Drains and Back Water Valves 36-101
(a) Prohibited Location 36-101
(b) Floor Drain Traps 36-101
(c) Water Trap Supplies 36-101
(d) Floor Drains 36-101
(e) Floor Drains Shall Be Provided
With Traps and Strainers 36-102
(f) Floor Drains Considered Fixtures 36-102
(g) Backwater Valves 36-102
3613.14 Dishwashing Machines 36-102
3613.15 Multiple Wash Sinks 36-102
(a) Circular Type 36-102
(b) Straight-Line Type 36-102
3613.16 Garbage-Can Washers 36-103
(a) Discharge 36-103
(b) Baskets 36-103
(c) Connections 36-103
3613.17 Laundry Trays 36-103
3613.18 Bathtubs 36-103
3613.19 Tabulation of Minimum
Fixture Requirements 36-103
through 109

PLUMBING (Continued)

3613 PLUMBING FIXTURES AND REQUIREMENTS

3613.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS:Plumbing fixtures shall be constructed from

approved materials, have smooth impervious surfaces, be free from defects
and concealed fouling surfaces, and, except as permitted elsewhere in
this Code, shall conform in quality and design to one of the standards in
Table C. Fixtures shall not be constructed of pervious material. Fixtures
equipped with a waste outlet to retain water, shall not be permitted, except
where a drainage system is under a vacuum. For special types of fixtures,
or fixture accessories see the requirements for water conservation in Section
3614, "WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION."

3613.2 OVERFLOWS:
(a) DESIGN: When any fixture is provided with an overflow, the waste
shall be so arranged that the standing water in the fixture cannot

36-91
rise in the overflow when the fixture is empty.

36-92
 (b) CONNECTION: The overflow pipe from a fixture shall be
connected on the house or inlet side of the fixture trap, and it shall
be unlawful to connect such overflows with any other part of
the drainage system.

3613.3 SPECIAL FIXTURES AND SPECIALTIES:

(a) WATER AND DRAIN CONNECTIONS: Baptistries, ornamental
pools, aquaria, ornamental fountain basins, developing tanks or
sinks and similar constructions when provided with water
supplies shall be protected from back-siphonage as required in
Section 3614 "WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION."

(b) APPROVAL: Specialties requiring water and waste connections

shall be submitted to the Buildings Control Officer for approval
before installation.

(c) VACUUM OPERATED PLUMBING FIXTURES: Plumbing fixtures

which are intended to be installed in a system which employs a
vacuum shall be subject to all general requirements of this
Section. Fixtures shall be designed, and/ or connected in such a
manner to positively prevent backflow of contents into the water
supply system as required in Section 3614, "WATER SUPPLY
AND DISTRIBUTION.''

3613.4 INSTALLATION:
(a) CLEANING: Plumbing fixtures shall be installed and spaced in a
manner to afford easy access for cleaning and their intended use.
Where practical, all pipes from fixtures shall be run to the nearest
wall. Any closet bowl or closet bend shall be roughed in SO as to
have not less than 16 inches from the centre of the closet bowl
outlet to any finished wall which is set paralled to the long axis of
the closet bowl.

(b) GROUTING OR SEALING: Where a fixture surface comes in

contact with a wall or floor, the point of contact shall be sealed
watertight with white cement grout or other approved means.

(c) SECURING FIXTURES:Floor-outlet fixtures shall be rigidly

secured to the brass flange and floor by brass bolts and/ or
screws.

(d) WALL-HUNG FIXTURES: Wall-hung water-closet bowls

and urinals shall be rigidly supported by a concealed metal
supporting member with brass bolts so that no strain is
transmitted to the fixture pipe connection. Suitable backing shall
be provided for other wall hung fixtures including shower rods.

36-93
 (e) SETTING: Fixtures shall be set level and in proper alignment
with reference to adjacent wars.

3613.5 PROHIBITED FIXTURES AND CONNECTIONS: Fixtures, pan, valve,

(except V.W.C.) plunger, offset, washout, latrine, frostproof, and other
water closets having an invisible seal or an unventilated space or having
walls which are not thoroughly washed at each discharge, shall be
prohibited. Any water closet which might permit siphonage of the
contents of the bowl back into the tank shall be prohibited. Through
urinals are prohibited except for temporary use during construction.
Pedestal urinals are prohibited in school installations.

3613.6 WATER CLOSETS:

(a) PUBLIC USE: Water-closet bowls for public use shall be
equipped with open front seats.

(b) FLUSHING DEVICE: Water-closet tanks shall have a flushing

capacity sufficient to properly flush the water-closet bowls with
which they are connected.

(c) FLOAT VALVES: Float valves in flush tanks shall close tight
and provide water to properly refill the trap seal in the fixture.

(d) CLOSE-COUPLED TANKS: The flush-valve seat in close-coupled

water-closet combinations shall be one inch or more above the
rim of the bowl.

(e) AUTOMATIC FLUSH VALVE: Flush valves shall be so

installed that they will be readily accessible for repairing. When
the valve is operated, it shall complete the cycle of operation
automatically, opening fully and closing positively under the
service pressure. At each operation the valve shall deliver water
in sufficient volume and at a rate that will thoroughly flush the
fixture and refill the fixture trap. Means shall be provided for
regulating flush-valve flow. Not more than one fixture shall be
served by a single flush valve, except as approved by the
Buildings Control Officer.

3613.7 URINALS: Tanks, or plumbing devices, flushing more than one urinal
shall be automatic in operation and of sufficient capacity to provide the
necessary volume to flush and properly cleanse all urinals
simultaneously. All stall urinals shall be equipped with beehive
strainers.

3613.8 LAVATORIES: Lavatories shall have waste outlets not less than one-
and one-fourth inches in diameter. Wastes may have open strainers or
may be provided with stoppers.
36-94
 (a) LEAD: (See Table C). Sheet lead shall be not less than the

following: For safe pans, not less than 4 lbs. psf.

For flashings of vent terminals, not less than 3 lbs. psf.

Lead bends, lead stubs and lead straps shall not be less than 1 / 8
inch wall thickness. (8 lbs. psf.)

(b) COPPER: Sheet copper shall be not less than the following: Safe
pans-12 oz. per sq. ft. Vent terminal flashings-8 oz. per sq. ft.

3613.9 SHOWER RECEPTORS AND COMPARTMENTS:

(a) SHOWER: All shower compartments, except free-standing,
prefabricated shower compartments, shall have approved pans of
lead, copper or other approved material and shall turn upon all
sides at least two inches above the finished curb level or 31 / 2 inches
above the rough curb level. A separate shower pan may be
omitted for shower compartments built integrally with a concrete
slab on the first floor level where the construction provides a
concrete curb having a height on the enclosed sides at least one
inch higher than the entrance curb finish height so that the water
level may not rise to the height of any surrounding wood plates or
studs. Lead and copper shower pans shall be protected against the
corrosive effects of concrete or mortar by a coating of asphaltum
paint inside and outside before being placed in position. Pans
shall be securely fastened to the trap stubs at the invert of the
weep holes, to provide a watertight joint between the pan and
trap. Shower receptacle waste outlets on all showers shall be not
less than two inch and shall have removable strainers. Before the
completed pan is placed in the space provided for the shower
stall, a 30-pound asphalt saturated felt or a 1 / 2 inch thick layer
of sand shall be placed under the pan for protection against rough
surfaces or projecting nails. Strainers for 2-inch stubs shall have a
minimum three and one-half square inches of free area including
the removable plate. All strainers and pans shall be installed and
ready for inspection at time of tub and/ or water-pipe inspection.
Free standing prefabricated shower stalls or receptors shall
require individual approval.

(b) DIMENSIONS: Shower compartments shall be not less than 900

square inches in floor area, and shall measure not less than 30 inches
x 30 inches.

(c) PUBLIC OR INSTITUTION SHOWERS: Floors of public

shower rooms shall be drained in such a manner that no waste
water will pass over areas occupied by other bathers.
36-95
 (d) WALLS: Walls of smooth, non-corrosive and non-absorbent
waterproof materials shall be provided at showers to a height of 6
feet above the floor for shower compartment and stalls not having
a tub and to a height of 4 feet above the rim of the tub where a
shower is provided in a tub.

(e) JOINTS: Built-in tubs with overhead showers shall have water
proof joints between the tub and the wall.

3613.10 SINKS:
(a) WASTE OUTLETS: Sinks shall be provided with waste outlets
not less than one and one-half inches in diameter. Waste outlets
may have open strainers or may be provided with stoppers.

(b) FOOD GRINDERS: Where commercial food-waste grinders are

installed, the waste from those unite shall discharge direct into the
building drainage system and not through a grease interceptor.
Although connection to a public sewer may be allowed, it shall be
mandatory that the owner his agent secure written permission to
connect commercial food grinders to a public sewer. Small
residential grinders will generally be acceptable for connection to
a public sewer.

3613.11 FOOD GRINDERS - WHERE PERMITTED:

(a) FOOD GRINDERS:Sinks on which a food grinder is installed shall
have a waste opening not less than three and one-half inches in
diameter.

(b) FOOD-WASTE-DISPOSAL CONNECTIONS: A domestic food

waste-disposal unit in a two-compartment sink on a 2 inch line
shall waste through a 2"x 1 1 /2" double tapped vertical sanitary
tee fitting. The trappings shall be no more than 6 inches apart on
the vertical, and each compartment shall be separately trapped
and separately wasted to the stack or vented branch. In existing
sink installations where the second waste opening is not available
a domestic food grinder may be installed on a two-compartment
sink and waste through a single 1 1 / 2-inch trap provided an
approved directional tee or is used.

(c) GREASE INTERCEPTORS: No food-waste grinder shall be

connected through a grease interceptor.

(d) COMMERCIAL-TYPE GRINDERS: Commercial-type food

grinders shall be provided with a waste line equal in size to the
discharge opening of the machine, but not less than two inch waste
line. Each waste shall be trapped and vented as provided in
other sections of this Code.
36-96
3613.12 DRINKING FOUNTAINS:
(a) DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION: Drinking fountains shall
conform to American Standard Specifications for Drinking
Fountains.

(b) PROTECTION OF WATER SUPPLY: Stream projectors shall be so

assembled as to provide an orifice elevation as specified by
American Standard Air Gaps in Plumbing Systems. Drinking
fountains equipped with water heating devices shall be
equipped with approved pressure and temperature valves.

3613.13 FLOOR DRAINS AND BACK WATER VALVES:

(a) PROHIBITED LOCATION: Floor drains serving indirect waste
pipes serving food or drink storage rooms or appliances shall not
be installed in any toilet room nor in any inaccessible or
unventilated space such as a closet or store room. No floor drain
or other plumbing fixture shall be installed in a room containing
air handling machinery, even where the room is not an air
plenum. Equipment drains shall be conveyed through an indirect
waste to a floor drain located outside such room or other
approved point of disposal.

(b) FLOOR DRAIN TRAPS: A floor drain shall connect into a trap
so constructed that it can be readily cleaned and of a size to serve
efficiently the purpose for which it is intended. The floor drain
inlet shall be so located that it is at all times in full view. When
subject to backflow or back pressure; such drains shall be
equipped with an approved backwater valve. One or more floor
drains may be connected to the same fixture branch without a
revent provided that all traps are within 15 feet measured
horizontally from the vented sewer line.

(c) WATER TRAP SUPPLIES: Every trap which is directly connected

to the drainage system, shall be provided with a permanent water
seal, fed from an approved source water, or by means of an
approved automatic priming device designed and installed for that
purpose, except where in the opinion of the Buildings Control
Officer such water seal is not necessary for safety or
sanitation.

(d) FLOOR DRAINS: Floor drains sized three inches and larger may
be installed within 15 feet, measured horizontally, from a vented
sewer line without a revert; provided that no floor drain shall
connect to a soil line within five feet of the base of a soil stack,
serving more than six water closets or equivalent fixture units.
Except for individual showers all floor drains shall be 3"
minimum.
36-97
 (e) FLOOR DRAINS SHALL BE PROVIDED WITH TRAPS AND
STRAINERS: Approved bucket type traps shall be provided for
filling stations, garages, garbage areas, chicken and fish cleaning
arena, bottling plants, food processing plants and other floor areas
where solids could find entry into a drainage system.

(£) FLOOR DRAINS CONSIDERED FIXTURES: A floor drain shall

be considered a plumbing fixture. See Table G.

(g) BACKWATER VALVES:

(1) Backwater valves shall be so constructed as to insure a
mechanical seal against backflow.

(2) Backwater valves, when fully opened, shall have a capacity

not less than that of the pipes in which they are installed.

(3) Backwater valves shall be so installed as to provide ready

accessibility to their working parts.

3613.14 DISHWASHING MACHINES:

(a) Domestic dishwashing machines shall comply with the
requirements set forth in Section 3614 "WATER SUPPLY AND
DISTRIBUTION.''

(b) Gravity discharge dishwashing machines installed on ground

floors shall have an emergency overflow not less than one inch
diameter connected to the machine tailpiece and terminating
outside of building wall above grade.

(c) Wastes from dishwashers with pump discharges shall rise to a

height equal to the height of the underside of dishwasher top
and may connect to the tailpiece of the sink by means of a "Y"
connection. If a food-disposal unit is provided, the domestic
dishwasher shall connect to the inlet side of the food-disposal-unit.

3613.15 MULTIPLE WASH SINKS:

(a) CIRCULAR TYPE: Each 18 inches of wash sink circumference
(circular type) shall be equivalent to one lavatory.

(b) STRAIGHT-LINE TYPE: Multiple wash sinks of the straight-line

type shall have hot and cold combination spouts not closer than
18 inches from adjacent similar spouts and each spout shall be
considered the equivalent of one lavatory.

36-98
3613.16 GARBAGE-CAN WASHERS:
(a) DISCHARGE: Garbage-can washers shall not discharge through
a trap serving any other device or fixture.

(b) BASKETS: The receptacle receiving the wash from garbage cans
shall be provided with a bucket type strainer or similar device to
prevent the discharge of solids into the building drainage system.

(c) CONNECTIONS: Water supply connections shall conform to

Section 3614 "WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION."

3613.17 LAUNDRY TRAYS: Each compartment of a laundry tray shall be provided

with a waste outlet not less than one end one-half inches in diameter and
with a stopper.

3613.18 BATHTUBS: Bathtubs shall be provided with waste outlets not less than
one and one-half inches in diameter.

3613.19 TABULATION OF MINIMUM FIXTURE REQUIREMENTS.

TABLE P (1)
MINIMUM FIXTURE REQUIREMENTS-GENERAL

(Applicable to factories, stores offices buildings, places of employment

not serving food or drink, and residential).

1-5 Employees-1 Water Closet and 1 Lavatory for the use of both sexes
(Males and Females).
Males Females
No. of Water Lava- Water Lava-
Closets Urinals tories Closets tories
Persons
1-15 l. 1 1 1 1
16-30 1 2 2 2 2
31-60 2 3 3 3 3
61-80 3 4 3 4 4
81-100 3 6 4 6 5
1 Water Closet and 1 Lavatory for each 25 Females over 100.
1 Water Closet or 1 Urinal, and 1 Lavatory for each 25 Males over 100.
1 Shower shall be provided for each 20 persons subject to excess heat or to
contamination, infections or irritating material.

NOTATIONS:
(1) Every dwelling unit for residential occupancy shall have one
water closet, one lavatory, 1 tub or shower and 1 kitchen sink,
except for those dwellings covered in Section 17, covering
Small Buildings. At least 1 laundry tub or the roughing for a
washing machine is required for each duplex dwelling unit.
Apartments require 1 laundry tub or wash machine for the first
5 and 1 for each additional 10 apartments.

36-99
(2) See "Small Buildings Plumbing Code" for requirements for
small buildings.

(3) If employees exceed 5 persons, separate rooms and facilities

shall be provided for each sex, and for more than 5 males, add a
urinal.

(4) Female urinals may be substituted for required water closets up

to one-half.

(5) Wash-up sinks may be substituted for lavatories where type of

employment would warrant.

(6) For factories the listed fixtures are minimum and may be
adjusted upward depending upon the type of operation, when it
is considered minimum requirements will not be adequate.

(7) Provide one drinking fountain within 50 feet of all operational

processes, and at react one for each 75 persons.

(8) Toilet facilities shall be provided on each floor for each sex
using that floor and shall be readily accessible except where
there is a mezzanine, occupied by a single tenant and the toilet
facilities are not for public use. Toilet facilities accessible only
through private offices shall be considered in addition to the
above minimum requirements and the personnel occupying such
offices maybe subtracted from the total employment.
EXCEPTION: Toilet facilities for public use in places of public
occupancy, restaurants, bars, transportation terminals and similar
locations shall be provided on each floor for each sex.

(9) In any building, one drinking fountain shall be provided if there

are over 10 employees and a minimum of one conveniently located
for each 75 employees; not to be located in any toilet room or
vestibule to a toilet room.

(10) Where there are 10 offices or more, and 26 occupants, a service

sink shall be provided on each floor.

(11) Arcades with stores 400 sq. ft. or less in area may have centrally
located toilet facilities.

(12) Filling stations shall be provided with a minimum of 1 water closet

and 1 lavatory for each sex and at least 1 basket type floor drain
connected to a gas and oil interceptor, and a service sink in the
wash area.

36-100
TABLE P (2)
MINIMUM FIXTURE REQUIREMENTS
PATRONS OF CATERING ESTABLISHMENTS

(Applicable to Restaurants, Bowling Alleys, Beer and Liquor Bars,

Clubs, and Eating and Drinking Establishments)

Males Female
No. of Water Urinals Lava- No. of Water Lava-
Males Closets tories Females Closets tories
1-25 1 1 1 1-20 1 1
26-40 1 2 1 21-52 2 1
4160 2 2 2 53-80 3 2
61-80 2 3 2 81-117 4 2
81-140 3 3 2 118-150 5 3
141-180 3 4 3 151-180 6 3
181-250 4 4 4 181-260 7 4
FOR GREATER NUMBER OF PATRONS, AND FOR SERVICE SINK
REQUIREMENTSCONTACTTHEMINIBTEROFHEALTH

NOTATIONS: Where beverages of any kind are served, 18" of counter or bar
space and/ or 15 square feet of serving area equals one person. All toilet rooms
shall be of easy and convenient access to both patrons and employees on the same
floor with and under the responsible direction of the management of the premises
served, and shall not be over 50 feet developed length from the nearest exit to the
dining room, bar or food service area.

Provide one 3-compartment sink (16"x16"x16") minimum size.

Provide a floor drain for each 50 square feet of back-bar or back-counter working
space.

Sinks must have a constant supply of 180 F. water.

36-101
TABLE P (3)
MINIMUM FIXTURE REQUIREMENTS
EMPLOYEES OF CATERING ESTABLISHMENTS

(Applicable to Restaurants, Bowling Alleys, Beer and Liquor Bars,

Clubs, and Eating and Drinking Establishments)

Males Females
No. of Water Lava- Water Lava•
Persons Closets Urinals tories Closets tories
1-5 Patrons sanitary accommodations may be acceoted.
6-10 1 1 1 1 1
11-15 1 2 2 2 2
16-25 2 2 2 3 2
26-40 2 3 3 4 3

NOTATIONS: Where beverages of any kind are served, 18" of counter or bar
space and/ or 15 square feet of serving area equals one person. All toilet rooms
shall be of easy and convenient access to both patrons and employees on the same
floor with and under the responsible direction of the management of the premises
served, and shall not be over 50 feet developed length from the nearest exit to the
dining room, bar or food service area.

Provide one 3 compartment sink (16"x16"x16"), minimum size.

Provide a floor drain for each 50 square feet of back-bar or back-counter working
space.

Sinks must have a constant supply of 180□F. water.

36-102
TABLE P (4)
MINIMUM FIXTURE REQUIREMENTS-PLACES OF PUBLIC
ASSEMBLY

(Applicable to Theatres, Churches, Arenas, Stadiums, Lodge Halls, etc.)

Males Females
No. of Water Urinals Lava- No. of Water Lava-
Males Closets tories Females Closets tories
1-100 1 1 1 1-50 1 1
101-250 2 1 2 51-140 2 2
251-360 2 2 3 141-250 3 3
361-470 2 3 3 251-360 4 3
471-580 3 3 3 361-470 5 3
581-700 3 4 3 471-690 6 3
701-820 3 5 3 691-960 7 4
821-975 4 5 4 961-1300 8 4
976-1150 4 6 4 1301-1640 9 5
1151-1325 4 7 4 1641-2000 10 6
1326-1490 5 7 5 2001-2350 11 7
1491-1675 5 8 5 2351-2700 12 8
1676-1875 5 9 5
1876-2075 6 9 6
2076-2250 6 10 6
2251-2475 6 11 6
2476-2700 6 12 7
Above 2700 add 1 water closet and 1 Above 2700 add one water closet
lavatory for each additional 500 males and for each additional 350 females
1 urinal for each additional 300 males. and one lavatory for each
additional 500 females. Female
urinals may be substituted for
water closets up to one-half of
the required number of water
closets.

NOTATIONS: Hotels, places of public assembly, public toilet rooms, places of

employment, stores, hospitals, convalescent homes, schools, dormitories, day
nurseries, rooming houses, filling stations, places of detention community toilet
and all locations that may be classed as other than private residential or private
apartments shall have open-front seats on all water closets.
Drinking fountains shall be provided at a ratio of 1 for each 200 persons up to 800
total number of persons, over 800 to be considered a special problem and design
is to be submitted for approval.
The occupancy total of drive-in theatres shall be based on 3 persons per parking
space.

36-103
TABLE P (5)
MINIMUM FIXTURE REQUIREMENTS - DORMITOIES
Males Female
Water Urinals Lava- Water Lava- Drink-
Closets tories Closets tories ing
Fountains
1 for the 1 for each 1 for the 1 for the 1 for each One per
first 10 25 males each 12 first 8 12 females each 75
males. up to 150 males up to females. up to 75 persons
Over 10, males. 75 males. Over 8, females. and a
1 for each Over 150 Over 75, 1 and for Over 75, minimum
additional males add for each 20 each one for each of one per
25 males. 1 for each males. additional additional floor and a
50 Additional 20 15 females. minimum
additional separate females. Additional of 2 per
males. dental separate dormitory.
lavatories dental
should be lavatories
provided in should be
communal provided in
toilet communal
rooms at 1 toilet rooms
for each 20 at 1 for each
males. 20 females.
Note: Bath or shower requirements same as for lavatories.
NOTATION:Where there are 10 offices or rooms or more, and 25 employees or persons,
a service sink shall be provided on each floor.
TABLE P (6)
MINIMUM FIXTURE REQUIREMENTS
NURSERIES AND NURSERY SCHOOLS
Total No. Water Lava- Bathtubs Drinking
of Children Closets tories or Showers Fountains

Day Care 1 1 1 1 for each 50.

1-10 1 2 1 Minimum of
11-15 2 3 2 2; 1 inside
16-30 3 4 2 building and
31-50 one on play-
ground.

Night Care 1 1 1
1-8 2 2 2
9-18 3 3 3
19-30 4 4 3
31-60
NOTATION: Toilets shall be accessible from the playground as well as from inside
building; 10" rim height on water closets for children under 8 years; 13" rim height
for children 8 years or over.
36-104
TABLE P (7)
MINIMUM FIXTURE REQUIREMENTS-SCHOOLS

1) WASHING FACILITIES

Basins should be set at a suitable height for the children who are to use
them. For infants they should be at varying heights between 18 and 22
inches. For older children they should be at varying heights up to, but
not exceeding 32 inches. For the first 30 pupils there should be two
basins for each sex, one additional basin for each sex for every
additional 30 pupils up to a total of 300 and then one additional basin
for each sex for every additional 60 pupils.

2) DRINKING FACILITIES

There should be an adequate supply of drinking water obtained from

fountain of the bubble or spray type, thus eliminating drinking cups. The
most suitable patterns are of the upward jet variety from which the water
is delivered from a covered orifice, and one should be provided for ever
100 children in large schools and small schools should have at least two.

3) TOILET FACILITIES

In the case of infants there may be a common approach but internal

separation of boys and girls accommodation is necessary. Each closet
should be at least 2 feet 6 inches wide and should be provided with a
door and a partition not less than 6 feet high. For pupils over the age of
12, doors should have inside fastenings. Accommodation on the
following scale should be provided: -

GIRLS-For the first forty (40) pupils, three (3) toilets; every additional
forty (40), two toilets up to three hundred and twenty (320), thereafter
one extra toilet for every additional fifty (50) pupils.

BOYS-For the first forty (40) pupils, three (3) toilets; every additional
forty (40) two toilets up to three hundred and twenty (320), thereafter
one additional toilet for every fifty (50) pupils. One third of the required
sanitary facilities for boys shall be water closets the remainder shall be
urinal stalls.

4) SERVICE SINKS: Contact the Minister of Health.

NOTATIONS: For shower facilities, hot water facilities or other

sanitary facilities for special-purpose schools, contact the Minister of
Health and Minister of Education.

36-105
NOTES

36-106
SUB-INDEX

3614 WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION

Paragraph Paragraph Title Page No.

No.
3614.1 Quality of Water Supply 36-112
(a) Public Water Service Required 36-112
(b) Approval 36-113
(c) Acceptable Sources 36-113
(d) Potable Water Conservation and
Storage 36-113
(1) When Required 36-113
(2) Dual Systems 36-113
(3) Potable Water Storage Required 36-113
(4) Flow Control Devices 36-114
(5) Leak Detection 36-114
(6) Unnecessary Use of Potable Water 36-115
3614.2 Water Supply Mandatory 36-115
3614.3 Protection of Potable Water Supply 36-115
(a) Water Discharge Outlets 36-115
(b) Approval of Devices 36-116
(c) BackFlow 36-116
(d) Special Devices 36-116
3614.4 Vacuum Breakers and Air Gaps 36-116
(a) Flushometer 36-116
(b) Flushing Tanks 36-116
(c) Equipment Water Connections 36-116
(d) Valve Outlet 36-117
3614.5 Water Service Pipe 36-117
(b) Stop-and-Waster Valve Combination 36-117
(c) Private Water Supply 36-117
3614.6 Water Pumping and Storage
Equipment 36-118
(a) Pumps and Other Appliances 36-118
(b) Water-Supply Cisterns or Tanks 36-118
(c) Cleaning, Painting, Repairing Water
3614.7 Tanks Water-Supply House Cisterns or Tanks 36-118
(a) When Required 36-118
(b) Surge Tanks 36-118
(c) Auxiliary Pressure: 36-118
Supplementary Tank
(d) Support 36-118
(e) Overflow for Water-Supply Tanks 36-118
(f) House Tanks Supply 36-119
(g) Drains 36-119
(h) Size of Overflow 36-119
(i) Pressure Tanks 36-119
3614.8 Water-Distribution Pipe,
Tubing and Fittings 36-119
3614.9 Allowance for Character of Water 36-119

36-107
 (a) Selection of Materials 36-119
(b) Used Piping 36-120
3614.10 Water Supply Control 36-120
3614.11 Water Supply Distribution 36-120
(a) Water-Service Pipe 36-120
(b) Demand Load 36-121
3614.12 Procedure in Sizing the Water
Distribution System of a Building 36-121
3614.13 Size of Fixture Supply 36-124
3614.14 Minimum Pressure 36-125
3614.15 Variable Street Pressures 36-125
3614.16 Hazard and Noise 36-125
3614.17 Hot-Water Distribution 36-125
3614.18 Safety Devices 36-125
(a) Pressure-Relief Valve 36-125
(b) Temperature Relief Valves 36-125
(c) Approvals 36-125
(d) Relief-Valve Location 36-126
(e) Relief Outlet Wastes 36-126
(f) Drips-Location for Buildings 36-126
(g) Relief Valve Discharge Lines 36-126
3614.19 Storage Tanks 36-127
(a) Applicable Requirements 36-127
(b) Marking 36-127
(c) Minimum Pressures 36-127
(d) Drain Cock 36-127
(e) Line Valves 36-127
(f) Water Used for Processing 36-127

PLUMBING (Continued)

3614 WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION

3614.1 QUALITY OF WATER SUPPLY:

(a) PUBLIC WATER SERVICE REQUIRED: Except for small
buildings whose water supply requirements are defined in section
3617, "PLUMBING CODE FOR SMALL BUILDINGS," all
premises
intended for human habitation or occupancy, including but not
limited to, establishments to be used for household, domestic, food

36-108
 processing, food handling, restaurant, dairy or bottling purposes,
public buildings and places of assembly or other
establishments where a water supply is or may be used for
human consumption, shall be supplied from the approved
public water mains, where such mains are available. Where a
water supply is not available from approved public water mains
such premises shall be supplied with potable water (as herein
defined) from a privately owned well or other source which has
been properly approved by the Minister of Works and Minister of
Health. "WATER SUPPLY AND DISPOSAL WELLS" shall be
as set forth in Section 361

(b) APPROVAL: No water supply of a non-potable nature shall be used

for commercial or industrial purposes unless such use and the
source of supply has first been approved by the Minister of
Works and Minister of Health.

(c) ACCEPTABLE SOURCES: Where a public supply of potable water

is not available, the requirements of the Minister of Works and
Minister of Health shall be satisfied. All wells intended as a
supply for dietetic use shall be inspected before use and treatment
facilities shall be installed to the satisfaction of the Minister of
Works and Minister of Health.

(d) POTABLE WATER CONSERVATION AND STORAGE:

(1) WHEN REQUIRED: All new structures, whether public or
private, where the use of five or more vacuum type or
conventional water closets is contemplated, shall be subject
to the following requirements for conservation of water.

(2) DUAL SYSTEMS: Dual piping systems which provide for

collection, storage, treatment, and eventual re-use of water
from fixtures not specifically intended to receive fecal wastes,
such as lavatories, tubs, showers, or similar usage shall be
incorporated in the design of a building plumbing system
containing 5 or more water closets. Quantity of storage for
water intended for re-use shall be selected by the design
engineer, but shall not be less than an 8 hour supply to the
water closets and urinals, calculated for peak conditions.
Auxiliary potable water supplied to the cistern through
automatic float valves with 6-inch air gap will be permitted.
Cased salt water supply wells with duplex pumps and
piping system serving water closets and urinals may be
used in lieu of collection and re-use facilities.

(3) POTABLE WATER STORAGE REQUIRED: In addition to

the requirement for dual systems and re-use of waste water,
36-109
all

36-110
 multi-family buildings with five or more units shall be
provided with potable water storage tanks and attendant
pumping systems. The tanks shall be sized on a basis of 100
gallons of effective capacity per dwelling unit. Tanks shall
be filled from the public mains by gravity through float valves
with a minimum 6-inch air gap to prevent back-siphonage.
All house pumping facilities shall be fully automatic and shall
employ duplex pumping. All hotels or motels which
maintain complete food service facilities shall maintain a
24-hour potable water supply. Piping connections to
cisterns shall be designed in such a manner to prevent
stagnation of tank contents by means of cross withdrawal to
system.

(4) FLOW CONTROL DEVICES: All conventional plumbing

fixtures shall be designed to limit flow rates (at any reasonable
system pressure) to an amount not in excess of that required
for satisfactory operation and acceptable use as intended.
Flow control devices may be pressure regulators,
variable orifice, or other approved devices to limit flow
to the following values (plus or minus 10%):
*Rate depends on the type of head.

Flow Rate
Fixture U.S.GPM
Lavatories (Regular) 1.5
Lavatories (Large) 2.0
Sinks (Small) 2.0
Domestic Kitchen Sinks 3.0
Commercial Kitchen Sinks 4.0
Slop Sinks 4.0
Service Sinks 4.0
Showers 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0*
Showerheads 2.0, 3.0, 4.0*
Showerheads (Institutional) 2.0, 3.0*
Ice Water Taps 0.5
Drinking Fountains (Small) 0.5
Drinking Fountains (Large) 0.75
Closet Tanks (Small) 3.0
Closet Tanks (Large) 4.0

Any device which conserves water is strongly recommended

for installation in The Bahamas, and will be given
consideration.

(5) LEAK DETECTION: Any system with 24 water closets or

more of any type shall have the water supply system arranged
36-111
 in such a manner to allow "check metering" of the entire
system in a minimum of 25 per cent sections, as follows:
The main water service line shall be divided into four
individual services. Each service shall be provided with two
valves and a removable section of pipe eighteen inches long
with a pair of unions at two elbows for removal of the
section and temporary insertion of a check meter. Actual
meters are not required to be installed by the Owner.

(6) UNNECESSARY USE OF POTABLE WATER: It shall be

construed to be a violation of the intent of this Code where
excess potable water is used except where no other reasonable
means is available for a particular system. Types of water
use which are not allowable include the following:
(a) Condensing water for air conditioning equipment.
(Cooling towers with drift eliminators are acceptable).

(b) No swimming pools shall be filled with potable water

from a public supply.

(c) Decorative fountains shall have pumps for recirculation

of fresh water.

(d) Laundrys with 6 or more 18 lb. machines must filter,

treat and recirculate water.

(e) Commercial car wash establishments are prohibited

unless equipment for re-claiming filtering and re-use
is provided.

(f) Process cooling which is designed for non-circulated

and auxiliary cooling of water shall be prohibited.

(g) No lawn or ground sprinkler systems will be

permitted where the source of supply is a public
system, except where water has been used initially for
sanitary purposes and has been collected, properly
treated, and filtered.

3614.2 WATER SUPPLY MANDATORY: Every building in which plumbing

fixtures are installed and are for human occupancy or habitation shall be
provided with an ample supply of water meeting the standards set forth
by the Minister of Health.

3614.3 PROTECTION OF POTABLE WATER SUPPLY:

(a) WATER DISCHARGE OUTLETS: Potable water supply piping and

36-112
 water discharge outlets shall have backflow prevention devices or
similar equipment and shall not be so located as to make possible
their submergence in any liquid or substance.

(b) APPROVAL OF DEVICES: Before any device for the prevention of

backflow or back-siphonage is installed, it shall have first been
certified as meeting the requirements of ASAA40.6 by a recognized
testing laboratory acceptable to the Minister of Works. Devices
installed in a potable water supply for protection against backflow
shall be maintained in good working condition by the person or
persons having control of such devices. The Minister of Works may
inspect such devices and, if found to be ineffective or inoperative
shall require the replacement thereof.

(c) BACKFLOW: The water-distributing system shall be protected

against backflow. Every water outlet shall be protected from
backflow preferably by having the outlet end from which the
water flows spaced a distance above the flood-level rim of the
receptacle into which the water flows sufficient to provide a
"minimum required air gap" as defined inASAA40.4. Where it is
not possible to provide a minimum air gap, the water outlet shall
be equipped with an accessibly located backflow preventer
complying with ASA A40.6, installed on the discharge side of the
manual control valve.

(d) SPECIAL DEVICES: Where it is not possible to provide either a

minimum air gap or a backflow preventer, as may be the case in
connection with cooling jackets, condensers or other industrial or
special appliances, the Minister of Works shall require other
approved means of protection.

3614.4 VACUUM BREAKERS AND AIR GAPS:

(a) FLUSHOMETER: A flushometer shall be equipped with an
approved vacuum breaker. The vacuum breaker shall be installed
on the discharge side of the flushing valve with the critical level
at least one inch above the top of any fixture or appliance with
integral waterway except such fixtures as conform to ASA
Standard A40.4 for required air gaps.

(b) FLUSHING TANKS: Flushing tanks shall be equipped with an

approved ball-cock. The ball-cock shall be installed with the critical
level of the vacuum breaker at least one inch above the full
opening of the overflow pipe. In cases where the ball-cock has no
hush tube, the bottom of the water supply inlet shall be installed
one inch above the full opening of the overflow pipe.

(c) EQUIPMENT WATER CONNECTIONS: Connections of

36-113
potable water to cooling towers, expansion tanks, boilers, chillers
or any

36-114
 piece of equipment whose contents could contaminate a potable
water system shall have backflow preventers as approved by the
Minister of Works.

(d) VALVE OUTLET: The hot and cold-water supply to fixtures

with hose attachments, and other appliances physically connected
to a water supply system, shall be protected from backflow, back
siphonage and back pressure. Where hot and cold water valves
are connected to supply tempered water to another valve for use
in fixtures such as bed pan washers, bidets and needle showers,
check valves or combined valve and check devices shall be
provided to prevent the cross flow of water in the water
distributing system.

3614.5 WATER SERVICE PIPE:

(a) The water-service pipe may be placed in the same trench with the
building drain and building sewer provided the following
conditions are satisfied:

(1) The water-service pipe and all other pipe or piping or conduit,
shall be placed on a solid shelf excavated at one side of the
common trench, above the sanitary sewer line, with a
minimum of ten inches between pipes or conduits.

(2) The number of joints in the service pipe shall be kept to a

minimum.

(3) The materials and joints of sewer and water-service pipe shall
be installed in such manner and shall possess the necessary
strength and durability to prevent the escape of solids,
liquids, and gases, therefrom, under all known adverse
conditions such as corrosion, strains due to temperature
changes, settlement, vibrations and superimposed loads.

(b) STOP-AND-WASTE VALVE COMBINATION: Combination stop

and-waste valves and cocks shall not be installed in an underground
service pipe.

(c) PRIVATE WATER SUPPLY:

(1) No private water supply shall be interconnected with any
public water supply.

(2) Where temporary approval in writing has been granted to

provide for emergency use of public-private water supplies
either a multi-port valve or a piped jumper connection
designed to preclude simultaneous use of public or private
supplies shall be provided.
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3614.6 WATER PUMPING AND STORAGE EQUIPMENT:
(a) PUMPS AND OTHERAPPLIANCES: Water pumps, tanks, filters,
softeners, and all other appliances and devices shall be protected
against contamination.

(b) WATER-SUPPLY CISTERNS OR TANKS: Potable-water-supply

tanks shall be properly covered and screened to prevent the
entrance of foreign material or insects into the water supply. Soil
or drainage lines shall not pass directly over such tanks.

(c) CLEANING, PAINTING, REPAIRING WATER TANKS: A potable

water-supply tank used for domestic purposes shall not be lined,
painted, or repaired with any material which will affect either the
taste, colour, or the potability of the water supply when the tank
is returned to service. Tanks shall be disconnected from the
system during such operations, to prevent any foreign fluid or
substance from entering the distribution piping.

3614.7 WATER-SUPPLY HOUSE CISTERNS OR TANKS:

(a) WHEN REQUIRED:When the water pressure from the community
mains during flow is insufficient to supply all fixtures freely and
continuously, the rate of supply shall be supplemented by a gravity
house tank or booster system even where less than 5 water closets
are to be installed.

(b) SURGE TANKS: In any structure that requires an auxiliary pump

to supplement the available water supply, such pump shall be
supplied from a surge tank to be supplied with water from
public or private main through a float valve with a 6 inch air
gap. The minimum size of a surge tank shall provide sufficient
volume for ten minutes operation of booster pumps at peak
flow rate.

(c) AUXILIARY PRESSURE:SUPPLEMENTARY TANK:If the residual

pressure in the system, regardless of size of the building, is below
the minimum allowable at the highest water outlet when the flow
in the system is at peak demand, an automatically controlled
pressure tank or gravity tank shall be installed, of sufficient capacity
to supply sections of the building installation which are too
high to be supplied directly from the public water mains.

(d) SUPPORT:All water-supply tanks shall be supported in accordance

with the building code.

(e) OVERFLOW FOR WATER-SUPPLY TANKS: Overflow pipes for

gravity tanks shall discharge to a visible point of disposal. Rain
water gutters discharging into a street gutter are not considered
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 approved points of disposal. Adequate overflow pipes properly
screened against the entrance of insects and vermin shall be
provided.

(f) HOUSE TANK SUPPLY: The water-supply inlet within the

house tank shall be at an elevation not less than is required for an
air gap in an open tank with overflow, but in no case shall the
elevation be less than four inches above the overflow. If a drop
pipe is added to the ball cock or filling device an air inlet shall be
inserted in the drop pipe at least six inches above the overflow.

(g) DRAINS: Water-supply tanks shall be provided with valved drain

lines located at their lowest point and discharged as an indirect
waste or as required for overflow pipes in paragraph 3614.7 (e).

(h) SIZE OF OVERFLOW: Overflow drain openings for water

supply tanks shall not be less than twelve square inches of free
opening or as required to preclude rim overflow.

(i) PRESSURE TANKS: Pressure tanks used for supplying water to

the domestic water distribution system, combined supply to
fire standpipes and domestic water systems, or to supply
standpipes for fire equipment only, shall be equipped with an
accessible water and pressure gauge.

3614.8 WATER-DISTRIBUTION PIPE, TUBING AND FITTINGS:

(a) Materials for water-distributing pipes and tubing shall be as
specified in Section 3604.

(b) Pipes conveying fire and domestic water shall not be installed
underneath a concrete slab on fill in any location inside the
building walls of buildings on filled ground where the presence of
hydrogen sulfide gas or other injurious elements is known, and in
areas being or having been recently filled below high tide areas.
Such piping and fittings may be installed in concrete trenches
with removable covers or in an approved conduit. Fire lines shall
be of metallic materials.

3614.9 ALLOWANCE FOR CHARACTER OF WATER:

(a) SELECTION OF MATERIALS: When selecting the material and
size for water-supplying pipe, tubing, or fittings, due
consideration shall be given to the action of the water on the
interior and of the soil, fill or other material on the exterior of the
pipe. No material that would produce toxic conditions in a
potable-water-supply system shall be used for piping, tubing, or
fittings.

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 (b) USED PIPING: No piping material that has been used for other
than potable-water-supply system shall be re-used in the potable
water-supply system.

3614.10 WATER SUPPLY CONTROL:

(a) In addition to the requirements for leak detection, each building
shall have a separate water control valve, independent of the
meter valve. Each apartment or store in a building shall have a
separate independent control valve or individual fixture control
valve controlling all the fixtures in such apartment or store. Main
control valves shall be located at or near the foundation line
outside the building above the ground or in a separate box with
cover. Such box shall be constructed in accordance with the
drawing in Appendix C.

(b) Supply lines taken from pressure or gravity tanks shall be valved
at or near the tank. Tanks in connection with a domestic water
system shall have a drain cock installed on the discharge side of
such valve.

(c) Each water closet and urinal supply shall have an independent
water control valve placed above the floor and all single fixtures
or groups of fixtures in hotels, office buildings, hospitals, clinics,
places of public assembly and manufacturing plants shall either
have separate fixture control valves or a single control valve for
each group of fixtures in a single room. Each water storage tank
shall have a water control valve and draw off valve.

(d) Ashut-off valve minimum size three-quarter-inch, shall be provided

in the cold water branch line, accessible and adjacent to each
water storage tank of each water heater.

(e) Sillcocks for all multiple residential occupancies of more than

two units served by a single water service shall be separately and
individually valved or otherwise arranged to shut off the supply
to the sillcocks without interrupting water supply to the resident
units.

3614.11 WATER SUPPLY DISTRIBUTION:

(a) WATER-SERVICE PIPE:The water-service pipe from the street
main to the water-distribution system for the building shall be of
sufficient size to furnish an adequate flow of water to meet the
requirements of the building at peak demand, and in no case shall
be less than three-quarters-inch nominal diameter. If flushometers
or other devices requiring a high rate of water flow are used, the
water-service pipe shall be designed to supply this flow.

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