MARWADI EDUCATION FOUNDATION’S GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, GAURIDAD CAMPUS.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Question Bank of DESIGN OF THREE PHASE TRANSFORMER

1. Answer the following in respect to transformer design:
(i) Why cores are stepped?
(ii) Why yoke is designed for low flux density?
(iii) Why circular coils are preferred in transformer winding?
(iv) Why tapings are usually provided on the h.v. winding side?
2. Explain in brief the factors affecting the value of K in the expression of volt per turn in
transformer design.
3. Estimate the leakage reactance of concentric winding in core type transformers clearly
stating the assumptions used.
4. Derive equation Et = k where Q = kVA rating of a transformer. Explain how service
condition of transformer affect the value of K.
5. Derive necessary condition for designing a transformer with minimum cost.
6. From the design data discuss how no load current can be estimated in 3 phase core type
transformer.
7. Briefly explain cooling methods of transformer.
8. Explain types of mechanical forces are developed in transformer windings?
9. Derive the output equation of a 3-phase core type transformer.
10. What is window space factor? Explain how it varies with (i) KVA rating and (ii) KV
rating.
11. Calculate approximate overall dimensions for a 200 kVA, 6600/440V, 50 Hz, 3-phase
core type transformer. The following data may be assumed: emf per turn=10V; maximum
flux density=1.3 Wb/m2, current density=2.5 A/mm2 , window space factor=0.3, overall
height=overall width, stacking factor=0.9. Use a 3 stepped core. For a 3 stepped core,
Width of largest stamping=0.9d and Net iron area=0.6.
12. Estimate the per unit regulation, at full load and 0.8 power factor lagging, for a 300 kVA,
50 Hz, 6600/400 V, 3 phase, delta/star, core type transformer. The data given is:
H.V. winding: outside diameter=0.36m, inside diameter=0.29m, area of conductor=5.4.
L.V. winding: outside diameter=0.26m, inside diameter=0.22m, area of conductor=170.
Length of coils=0.5 m, voltage per turn=8V, resistivity=0.21 Ω/m/ .
13. The tank of a 1.25 MVA natural oil cooled transformer has the dimensions of 155cm x 65
cm x 185 cm (length, width and height). The full load losses are 13100 watts. Estimate
the number of cooling tubes required for this transformer. Assume: W/m2--0C due to
radiation = 6 and due to convection = 6.5; improvement in convection due to provision of
tubes = 40%. ; temperature rise = 40 0C. ; length of each tube = 1 m ; diameter of tubes =
50 mm. Neglect top and bottom surfaces of the tank as regards cooling.

14. A 200 kVA, 6.6kV/440volts, 50Hz, three phase core type transformer has the following
design data: Max. flux density : 1.25 wb/m2 ,Emf / turn : 10 volts ,Stacking factor :
0.9 ,Window space factor : 0.32 ,Current density : 2.4 A/mm2 Overall width and overall
height are same. If three stepped core is used determine overall dimensions. Also show
them on a sketch.
15. Estimate the main dimensions of complete core frame, winding conductor areas and no.
of turns of a 3-phase core type delta-star transformer which is rated at 300 kVA,
6600/440 volts, 50 Hz. Use three stepped core with the diameter of circumscribing circle
MARWADI EDUCATION FOUNDATION’S GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, GAURIDAD CAMPUS.
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
of 0.25 m. Assume volts/turn = 8.5 , current density of 2.5 A/mm2, window space factor
of 0.28 , stacking factor of 0.9 and height to width ratio for window =3.
16. Estimate the number of cooling tubes for a 250 KVA, 6600/400 V, 50 Hz, 3-phase delta /
star core type oil cooled transformer from the following data: Temp rise = 50° C Total
losses at 90° C are 5.0 KW
Tank size = 125 x 100 x 50 cms. (h x l x w)
Oil level = 115 cms.
Sp-heat dissipation of plain tank = 12.5 W/m²/°C
Diameter of cooling tube = 5.0 cms. Show the tube arrangement by sketch.
MARWADI EDUCATION FOUNDATION’S GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, GAURIDAD CAMPUS.
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Question Bank of dC MACHINE DESIGN

1. Derive the expression of obtaining the number of coils of dc machine armature from
design parameters.
2. Describe steps to calculate AT required for each part and total magnetic circuit of a dc
machine.
3. State the factors to be considered while selecting the number of poles in the design of DC
machine.

4. With the help of neat sketch, explain the effect of armature reaction on air gap flux in
case of DC machine.
5. State the guiding factors while selecting the no. of armature slots in DC machine.
6. Discuss factors to be considered while deciding the length of air gap in the design of a
d.c. machine.
7. Explain steps to design shunt field winding of a d.c. machine.
8. Explain how following points affect the dimensions of slots in a d.c. machine armature
design. (1) Excessive flux density
(2) Flux pulsations
(3) Eddy current losses
(4) Mechanical issues.
9. Explain how pole body height is fixed while designing field system of a d.c. machine.
10. Discuss design procedure for designing a commutator and brushes of a dc machine
11. The output coefficient of a d.c. machine is 200 kVA/m3- r.p.s..Its armature power (Pa) is
1000 kW and speed is 300 rpm. Determine main dimensions (D and L) of the machine
and also find main dimensions if: (1) Specific loadings are decreased by 10% each
without changing speed. (2) Speed is decreased to 150 rpm without changing specific
loadings.
Assume L/D ratio = 0.2 in all cases. Comment on your answers.
12. Determine the main dimensions, no. of poles and the length of air gap of a 500 kW, 500
V, 960 rpm d.c. generator.
Assume:1. Bav = 0.58 wb/m2. 14
2. ac = 36000
3. Pole arc/pole pitch = 0.75
4. Efficiency = 90%
The mmf required for air gap is 50% of armature mmf and gap contraction factor
is 1.15. Design constraints (limiting values):
1. Peripheral speed : 40 m/s
2. Frequency of flux reversals : 50 Hz
3. Current per brush arm : 400 A
4. Armature mmf per pole: 7500 A.
13. Calculate (i) the number of poles and (ii) air-gap length of a 600 KW, 500 V, 900 rpm dc
generator from the following data: Average gap density = 0.6 Wb/m² Ampere-conductors
MARWADI EDUCATION FOUNDATION’S GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, GAURIDAD CAMPUS.
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
per metre = 35000 Pole-arc to pole-pitch ratio = 0.7 Gap contraction factor = 1.15
Diameter of armature core = 0.81 m Length of armature core = 0.325 m MMF for air-gap
= 50% of armature MMF

14. Calculate the diameter and length of armature for a 7.5 kW, 4 pole, 1000 r.p.m. 220 V
shunt motor. Given: full load efficiency=0.83; maximum gap flux density=0.9 Wb/m2 ;
specific electric loading=30,000 ampere conductors per meter ; field form factor=0.7.
Assume that the maximum efficiency occurs at full load and field current is 2.5% of rated
current. The pole face is square.
15. A 4 pole generator supplies a current of 140 A. It has 480 armature conductors (a) wave
connected, (b) lap connected. The brushes are given an actual lead of 10°. Calculate the
cross and demagnetizing mmf per pole in each case. The field winding is shunt connected
and takes a current of 10 A, find the number of extra shunt field turns to neutralize the
demagnetization.
16. The following particulars refer to the shunt field coil for a 440 V, 6 pole, DC generator:
Mmf per pole=7000 A; depth of winding=50mm; length of inner turn=1.1m; length of
outer turn=1.4m; loss radiated from outer surface excluding ends = 1400 W/m2; space
factor=0.62; resistivity= 0.02 Ω/m and mm2. Calculate (a) the diameter of wire (b) length
of coil (c) number of turns and (d) exciting current. Assume a voltage drop of 20 % of
terminal voltage across the field regulator.
17. The given details refer to the shunt field coil of a 440 volt , 6 pole d.c. machine. Mmf per
pole = 7200 A, Depth of winding = 50 mm ,Length of inner turn = 110 cm ,Length of
outer turn = 140 cm ,space factor = 0. ,resistivity = 0.02 Ω/m and mm2 ,loss radiated
from outer surface excluding ends = 1400 W/m2 20% of the terminal voltage drops
across the field regulator. Determine: The diameter of wire, length of coil, number of
turns and exciting current.