Human Behavior

Definition
Anything an organism does that involves self-initiated action and/or reaction
to given stimulus. It is composed of adoptive adjustment people make as they cope
with one another, with problems, with opportunities, and with working together-
aspects, ina given situation.
It is the sum total of man�s reaction to his environment

A. Two Basic Types of Behavior

a. Inherited behavior
These are inborn behavior, any behavior reactions or reflexes exhibited by people
because of their inherited capabilities or the process of natural section e.g. the
survival of species that are dependent on behavior like breathing, digesting food,
mating and depending oneself.

b. Learned behavior
These are operant behavior which involves knowing or taking into account,
adaptations that enhance a human being�s ability to cope with changes in the
environment in ways which improve the chances of survival e.g. good command of
English, logical problem solving technique, job skills, and other learned expertise
that give people more control over their lives. It is this behavior that sets human
being apart from other animals.

B. Classification of Human Behavior (HICS)

a. Habitual = refers to motorized behavior usually manifested in language and

emotion.

b. Instinctive = they are generally unlearned and simply comes out, out of man�s
instinct, which can be seen among instinct-instinct survival behavior.

c. Symbolic = are behavior that are usually carried out by means of unsaid
words, and shown through symbols or body signs.

d. Complex = are those behaviors that combines two or more of the classified
ones.

C. Causes of Human Behavior (SPA)

a. Sensation = is the feeling or impression created by given stimulus or cause,
that leads to a particular reaction or behavior, in short, the effects e.g. Visual
(sight), Olfactory (hearing), gustatory (taste).

b. Perception = refers to the person�s knowledge of a given stimulus which

largely help to determine the actual behavioral response in a given situation.

c. Awareness = refers to the psychological activity based in interpretation or

past experience with a given stimulus or object.

D. Characteristics of Behavior

a. Primarily negative or primarily learned

b. Evoked by External stimuli or internal need
c. Automatic, voluntary, conscious or motorized
E. Attributes of behavior
a. Duration � how long in terms of function of time

b. Extensity � size, distance and location

c. Intensity � magnitude, whether mild, strong and disintegrated

d. Quantity � whether normal, abnormal, misleading or unacceptable

Abnormal Behavior

= �A.B.� is Latin initials which means �away from�, Abnormal behavior then
can be defines as a behavior which is away from or deviating from the normal
behavior. Normal Behavior on the other hand, is one that is within the concept of a
person�s as his own behavior which he or she sees normal, and that people who
behave as they do, are likewise normal and those that do not behave similarly are
abnormal. Abnormal behavior most of the time referred to as �sick� behavior. It is
associated to mental illness. Behavior which are ineffective, self-defeating, self-
destructive and which separates the individuals from those who are important to
him, are regarded as abnormal.

Guidelines for judging abnormal behavior

1. Appropriateness (includes assessment of not only the behavior itself but also
the situation in which it is happening).

2. Flexibility (Normal behavior tends to be flexible as a sign of healthy

behavior).

3. Impulsitivity (normal behavior is more likely to be a result of a

consideration of its consequences, with being given careful thought before
implementation) Abnormal behavior, being uncontrolled or partially controlled needs
and drives, tend to be impulsive.

Causes of Human Behavior:

1. Sensation � feeing or impression of stimulus (Visual, olfactory, cutaneous,

auditory, gustatory)

2. Perception � knowledge of the stimulus

3. Awareness � refers to psychological activity based on the interpretation and

experience of the object or stimulus

How people interact:

People interact by three psychological position or behavioral patterns called
ego states:

Parent-ego states � protective, idealistic, evaluation, righteous, refers to law,

rules and standard.

Adult-ego states � more upon reason, factual, flexible, views other as co-equal,
and reasonable.
Child-ego-states � dependent, rebellious, selfish, demanding, impatient and
emotional.

How people transact:

Complimentary � if stimulus and response pattern from one ego state to another are
parallel.

Non-complimentary � if stimulus and response pattern from one ego state to another
are hot parallel.

1. The Biological background of Behavior

The HEE is the product of hereby environment, and education (training). At birth,
man is consider black except for reflexes which are necessary for his survival.
Some of these reflexes are the following, sucking, swallowing, crying and others.

Man�s eight (8) stages of growth:

1. Pre-natal stage � which is composed of:

a. Ovum period � first two weeks

b. Embryo period � second week to second month

c. Fetus period � second moth to birth

2. Infancy stage � first two weeks after birth

3. Babyhood � second week to two years old

4. Childhood � which is divided into: (early childhood, 2-6 yrs old and late
childhood, 7 to eleven yrs)

5. Puberty � end of childhood and beginning of adolescence

6. Adolescence � which is divided into: (early adolescence, puberty to 17 yrs.

And late adolescence, 17 to 21 yrs)

a. Adulthood � 21 to forty yrs old.

b. Middle age � forty to sixty yrs. Old

c. Old age � sixty and above

Developmental Tasks
Every stage of life has its accompanying development tasks. They are task
imposed on the individual by maturation and culture that prepare him for the next
stage of life.

THEORIES OF LEARNING

Connectionism Theory � by Thorndike states that practice strengthens the

association between stimuli an response can be strengthens further by means or
reward or satisfaction but can be weakened by punishment or dissatisfaction,
through the use of the 3 law of effect. This theory in learning assumed that if a
thing is to be learned, there should be frequent repetitions of stimulus and
response.

Classical or Respondent Conditioning � by Pavlov which states that the

association between a conditioned stimulus and response is strengthened by repeated
presentation with the unconditional stimulus.
Instrumental or Operant Conditioning � wherein the learning or stimulus
response relationship is strengthened by immediately making a follow-up of the
thing learned.

FACTOR AFFECTING LEARNING:

1. Motivation � arouse interest, provides an objective and direct towards a

goal, thus if facilitates learning.

2. Reinforcement � can be made through the use of audio-visual aid, reviews,

drills, and other means.

3. Extinction � means to let something die out or be forgotten by disuse if it

will not facilitate learning.

4. Association � meaning the more connection are made with a subject, the better
it will be learned and retained.

5. Interest � in a lesson will facilitate learning and serve as its own

motivation aside from having the one teaching making the topic interesting.

6. Rewards or punishments � should be immediate for it to be effective and make

learning easy.

7. Regency � means that learning should be made recent in the minds of learners
for them not forget what they have learned.

MOTIVATION
Motivation � is defined as behavior instigated by needs within the individual
and directed towards a goal can satisfy the needs. Motivation may also be regarded
as explanation for action which influences behavior in many ways. All definitions
of motivation have certain things in common such as; it comes from within; it is
directed towards a goal; and it arouses interest in the activity.

Motivation is important because it controls and directs behavior. Behavior

must be controlled for the good of the individual and society for human happiness,
it is necessary to control behavior. Motivation is also important in all aspects of
man�s life.

Classification of Motives:
1. Biological drives � includes physiological, basic and primarily unlearned
motives e.g. water, food and other survival motives.

2. Psychological or social drives � they are secondary, acquired, learned, and

derived e.g. motives to be rich popular, balanced and other acquisition of
achievements.

3. Unconscious motives � includes mostly general drives such as curiosity,

maternal instinct and just being nice as a natural drive.
PERSONALITY
Personality is defined as a pattern of habits, attitudes and trials that
defines as individual�s characteristics, behavior and qualities.

= A stable set of characteristics and tendencies that determine the

similarities and differences in the psychological behavior such as thoughts,
feeling, and actions, of people. It can be introvert, extrovert or ambivert, an
introvert is one characterized by direction of interest toward oneself and ones�
inner world of experience; the extrovert characterized by interest directed towards
the external environment of people and things rather than toward inner experiences
and oneself; the ambivert is a mixture of between an extrovert and introvert