Road Infrastructures Design

L3.3 – Aggregates blending

ECOLE NATIONALE SUPERIEURE

DES TRAVAUX PUBLICS

Davide Dalmazzo, PhD

UNIVERSITY OF PADUA
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT, LAND AND DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL, ARCHITECTURAL AND
TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURES ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
 Introduction
Aggregate: main component of all commonly used road materials (granular mixtures)
Aggregate used in unbound, hydraulically bound and asphalt materials almost always consists
of an admixture of two or more aggregate fractions (fine aggregate, medium and coarse
aggregate, filler).
Flexible Pavement Semi-rigid Pavement Rigid Pavement

Wearing course (AC) Wearing course (AC)

Concrete slab

Binder course (AC) Binder course (AC)

Base
Base course (AC) Base course (AC) Subbase (CTM)
(UM)

Subbase course Base course Subbase

(unbound mixtures) (cement treated mixture) (UM)

Subgrade Subbase course Subgrade

(unbound mixtures)

Subgrade

L3.3 - Aggregate blending 2

 Aggregate blending to meet specifications
Generally, in a quarry, the gradation of each stockpile aggregate material is determined first
and then the gradations are analyzed to determine in what proportion the aggregates from the
different stockpiles can be combined to produce a specific gradation developed on the basis of
experience and field and laboratory studies (usually specified by the owner of the project).
Gradation decisively affect the most part of the mechanical properties of road mixtures.

Pj ,m = 1 Pj ,1 +  2 Pj , 2 + ... + iPj ,i
L3.3 - Aggregate blending 3
 Aggregate blending to meet specifications
The gradation of the aggregate blend is designed combining different fractions (coarse
aggregate, fine aggregate, filler). Only aggregates with European mark (CE) complying with
the relative European standard can be used.
The aggregate blending study has to determine the relative proportions of various
aggregates to obtain a desired gradation.
For achieving maximum density, desired void properties, etc., gradation limits are usually
required. It is unlike that a single material will meet the specification, therefore two or more
aggregates of different gradations are blended to meet specifications requirements (developed
on the basis of experience and research). This gradation is generally specified by pavement
project owners. Another reason for blending aggregates is that it is often more economical to
combine naturally occurring (or recycled) and processed materials. Moreover, to achieve high
performance, specific aggregate mineralogy can be required.
The basic formula expressing the aggregate combination is a linear combination of percent
passing at selected sieve size. Where Pj,m is the percent of material passing a given sieve j for
the aggregate blend, i is the proportion (decimal fraction) of aggregate ith, Pj,i is the percent
of material passing a given sieve for the jth aggregate.
Pj , m = 1 Pj ,1 +  2 Pj , 2 + ... +  i Pj ,i
 i i
=1
L3.3 - Aggregate blending 4
 Aggregate blending to meet specifications
The most common method of determining the proportions of aggregate to use to meet
specification requirements is the trial-and-error method. A trial blend is selected (by
experience and easy rules such as linear equation method) and percent passing each sieve size
for the blend is calculated. The blend grading is compared with the specification
requirements. Adjustments are iteratively made until a satisfactory blend curve is
obtained (the target gradation should be adjusted to deviate from the maximum density line
especially on the 2 mm sieve). 100

90

80

70
20/32 GC 90/10
60

Passing [%]
8/16 GC 90/10
50
6/10 GC 85/20
40 0/6 GA 90
Filler
30
Min [%]
20 Max [%]

10

0
0,01 0,1 1 10

Sieve size [mm]

L3.3 - Aggregate blending 5

 Rules for aggregate combination
The gradation curve for all possible combinations of aggregate jth and jth+1 fall between the
grading curves jth and jth+1.

If two curves cross at any point, the grading curves for all possible combinations pass through
that point.
100

The curve for a blend containing 90

more aggregate jth than
80
aggregate jth+1 is closer to the
70
grading curve jth than jth+1.
20/32 GC 90/10
60
Passing [%] 8/16 GC 90/10
The desired grading can be 50
6/10 GC 85/20
represented by the center 0/6 GA 90
40
curve of the band (midband Filler
30
gradation). Min [%]
20 Max [%]

10

0
0,01 0,1 1 10

Sieve size [mm]

L3.3 - Aggregate blending 6

 Aggregate blending to meet specifications
Gradations of aggregates and specification limits are plotted on a gradation chart before
blending is attempted.
Some decisions can be made prior to any calculation:
1) whether the available aggregates can meet the specification limits,
2) where the critical sieve sizes are, 100
3) approximate trial proportions to
90
be selected.
80

It is recommended that as the traffic 70

level increases, the aggregate gradation 20/32 GC 90/10
60
moves toward the minimum limit line.

Passing [%]
8/16 GC 90/10
50
6/10 GC 85/20
There is a trend to use a larger number 40 0/6 GA 90
of aggregate stockpiles to produce the 30
Filler

desired gradation since this will typically Min [%]

20 Max [%]
make it easier to meet any desired
gradation also reducing variability in 10

the final blend due to a prospective 0

change of the gradation in one of the 0,01 0,1 1 10
stockpile. Sieve size [mm]

L3.3 - Aggregate blending 7

 Aggregate blending, exercise
Aggregate (A) is adopted for the realization of an unbound layer, but it is necessary to correct
its gradation to meet specification limits (F) shown in the table. The material to be mix with
aggregate A can be chosen between a Stone (P) or a Sand (S).
100

Sieve Passing (%)

opening 80
A F P S
(mm)
24 100 100 100 100

Passanteprog [%]
60
12 100 70 - 100 80 100
8 91 50 - 85 30 100
4 75 35 - 65 11 98
40
2 58 25 - 50 4 85
0,4 36 15 - 30 2 51
0,063 16 5 - 15 1 32
20

0
0.01 0.1 1 10 100
D [mm]

L3.3 - Aggregate blending 8

 Aggregate blending, exercise
𝐴𝐷 · 𝑥 + 𝑃𝐷 · 𝑦 = 𝐹𝐷 Sieve Passing (%)
opening
A F P S
(mm)
𝐴𝐷 · 𝑥 + 𝑃𝐷 · (1 – 𝑥) = 𝐹𝐷
24 100 100 100 100
Where: 12 100 70 - 100 80 100
𝐴𝐷 percent passing through sieve opening D 8 91 50 - 85 30 100
4 75 35 - 65 11 98
of material A
2 58 25 - 50 4 85
𝑥 relative proportion of A 0,4 36 15 - 30 2 51
𝑦 relative proportion of P 0,063 16 5 - 15 1 32

𝐹𝐷 percent passing through sieve opening D

of the final mixture Sieve
xmin xmax
opening
(%) (%)
At D = 8 mm: (mm)
24 0 100.0
50.0 = 𝐹8,𝑚𝑖𝑛 ≤ 𝐴8 · 𝑥 + 𝑃8 · (1 – 𝑥) ≤ 𝐹8,𝑀𝐴𝑋 = 85.0 12 0 100.0
8 32.8 90.2
4 37.5 84.4
Then 2 38.9 85.2
0,4 38.2 82.4
32.8 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 90.2 0,063 26.7 93.3
L3.3 - Aggregate blending 9
 Aggregate blending, exercise

82.4 𝐴 + 17.6 𝑃 = 100(𝐹)

100

Sieve
80 Fx,min Fx,max
opening
(%) (%)
(mm)
60
Passing [%]

24 100.0 100.0
12 87.8 96.5
40 8 53.7 80.2
4 35.9 63.7
2 25.0 48.5
20
0,4 15.2 30.0
0,063 6.8 13.4
0
0.01 0.1 1 10 100
D [mm]

38.9 𝐴 + 61.1 𝑃 = 100(𝐹)

L3.3 - Aggregate blending 10

 Aggregate blending, exercise

60 𝐴 + 40 𝑃 = 100(𝐹)
100

80

Sieve opening Fx=60%

Passanteprog [%]

60 (mm) (%)

24 100
40
12 92
8 66.6
20 4 49.4
2 36.4
0,4 22.4
0
0.01 0.1 1 10 100
0,063 10

D [mm]

L3.3 - Aggregate blending 11

 Aggregate blending, exercise 1
Sive size [mm]
Aggregate Percent used
20 12.5 10 4 2 0.5 0.125 0.063
Aggregate C 100 100 90 58 14 2 0 0 0
Aggregate F 100 100 100 100 98 80 36 20 11
Specification (max) - 100 100 90 70 50 25 16 10
Specification (min) - 100 80 70 50 35 15 8 4
Desired 100 100 90 80 60 42.5 20 12 7
50 percent C 50 50 45 29 7 1 0 0 0
50 percent F 50 100 50 50 50 49 40 18 10 5.5
Blend 100 100 Aggregate
95 C 79 56 41 18 10 5.5
90

80 Aggregate F

70
Specification
(max)
60
Passing [%]

Specification
50 (min)

40

30

20

10

0
0,01 0,1 1 10

Sieve size [mm]

L3.3 - Aggregate blending 12

 Aggregate blending, exercise 1
By inspecting the gradations, it can be seen that:
• all material retained on the 10 mm (100-80=20% desired) must come from Aggregate C,
• all material finer than 0.5 mm must be furnished by aggregate F.
With regard to Aggregate F, 100-58=42 percent is retained on the 10 mm. To retain 20%
(specification median) is needed 20/42*100=48% of Aggregate C. As consequence the
percentage of Aggregate F is 100-48=52.
With regard to Aggregate F, 36% is passing to 0.5 mm. To arrive at the desired 20% passing
this sieve 20/36*100=55 (the percentage of Aggregate C will be 45%). Therefore, analysis of
the two critical sieves provides similar results.
Try by multiplying 0.50 times the percent passing each sieve size for Aggregate C and F. Add
the two results to get the gradation of the blend. Check if the blend gradation is close to the
desired one.
Sive size [mm]
Aggregate Percent used
20 12.5 10 4 2 0.5 0.125 0.063
Aggregate C 100 100 90 58 14 2 0 0 0
Aggregate F 100 100 100 100 98 80 36 20 11
Specification (max) - 100 100 90 70 50 25 16 10
Specification (min) - 100 80 70 50 35 15 8 4
Desired 100 100 90 80 60 42.5 20 12 7
50 percent C 50 50 45 29 7 1 0 0 0
50 percent F 50 50 50 50 49 40 18 10 5.5
Blend 100 100 95 79 56 41 18 10 5.5

L3.3 - Aggregate blending 13

 Aggregate blending, exercise 1
The percentage of these two aggregates could be slightly changed to optimize the blend.
If the aggregate costs are different, one can try to reduce the overall cost of the blend.
Note that a good beginning point for estimating percentages of aggregates in a blend can
be made by using target percentage passing the 2 mm and 0.063 mm sieves and estimating
the quantities of each aggregate required to meet those two percentages.
100
Blend
90

80 Desired

70
Specification
(max)
60

Passing [%]
Specification
50 (min)

40

30

20

10

0
0,01 0,1 1 10

Sieve size [mm]

L3.3 - Aggregate blending 14

 Aggregate blending, exercise 1
Sive size [mm]
Aggregate Percent used
20 12.5 10 4 2 0.5 0.125 0.063
Aggregate C 100 100 90 58 14 2 0 0 0
Aggregate F 100 100 100 100 98 80 36 20 11
Specification (max) - 100 100 90 70 50 25 16 10
Specification (min) - 100 80 70 50 35 15 8 4
C 24 24 22 14 3 0 0 0 0
F 76 76 76 76 74 61 27 15 8
Blend 100 100 98 90 78 61 27 15 8

100
Assume that aggregate C is more expensive Blend
90
than aggregate F.
80
With regard to Aggregate C, 100-58=42
Specification
percent is retained on the 10 mm. The most 70 (max)

economical combination should provide 60

Passing [%]
Specification
10% of retained material on the 10 mm. 50
(min)

10/42*100=24. As consequence the

40
percentage of Aggregate F is 100-24=76.
30
Check the second critical sieve.
With regard to Aggregate F, 36% is 20

passing to 0.5 mm. 36·0.76=27>25 (Fail). 10

0
0,01 0,1 1 10

Sieve size [mm]

L3.3 - Aggregate blending 15

 Aggregate blending, exercise 1
Sive size [mm]
Aggregate Percent used
20 12.5 10 4 2 0.5 0.125 0.063
Aggregate C 100 100 90 58 14 2 0 0 0
Aggregate F 100 100 100 100 98 80 36 20 11
Specification (max) - 100 100 90 70 50 25 16 10
Specification (min) - 100 80 70 50 35 15 8 4
C 31 31 28 18 4 1 0 0 0
F 69 69 69 69 68 55 25 14 8
Blend 100 100 97 87 72 56 25 14 8

100

The amount of aggregate F has to be reduced 90 Blend

because it cannot provide more than 25% 80

passing material through the 0.5 mm sieve. Specification
70 (max)
25/36*100=69.
60
As consequence the percentage of

Passing [%]
Specification
(min)
aggregate C is 100-69=31. 50

Both critical sieves are verified however the 40

blend grading curve does not respect the 30

specification band.
20

10

0
0,01 0,1 1 10

Sieve size [mm]

L3.3 - Aggregate blending 16

 Aggregate blending, exercise 1
Sive size [mm]
Aggregate Percent used
20 12.5 10 4 2 0.5 0.125 0.063
Aggregate C 100 100 90 58 14 2 0 0 0
Aggregate F 100 100 100 100 98 80 36 20 11
Specification (max) - 100 100 90 70 50 25 16 10
Specification (min) - 100 80 70 50 35 15 8 4
C 38 38 34 22 5 1 0 0 0
F 62 62 62 62 61 50 22 12 7
Blend 100 100 96 84 66 50 22 12 7

100
The passing material through 2 mm sieve has 90 Blend
to be reduced.
80
Aggregate F has the highest amount of passing Specification
70
material through 2 mm sieve. (max)

50/80*100=62. 60

Passing [%]
Specification
Therefore aggregate C 100-62=38. 50
(min)

The grading curve respects the specification 40

envelope.
30

20

10

0
0,01 0,1 1 10

Sieve size [mm]

L3.3 - Aggregate blending 17

 Aggregate blending, exercise 1
Sive size [mm]
Aggregate Percent used
20 12.5 10 4 2 0.5 0.125 0.063
Aggregate C 100 100 90 58 14 2 0 0 0
Aggregate F 100 100 100 100 98 80 36 20 11
Specification (max) - 100 100 90 70 50 25 16 10
Specification (min) - 100 80 70 50 35 15 8 4
C 41 41 37 24 6 1 0 0 0
F 59 59 59 59 58 47 21 12 6
Blend 100 100 96 83 64 48 21 12 6

100
Even if the grading curve respects the
90 Blend
specification envelope, better apply an off-set
from the upper limit. 80
Specification
The material passing 2 mm sieve can be 70 (max)

reduced from 50% to 47%. 60

Passing [%]
Specification
Aggregate F 47/80*100=59 50
(min)
Aggregate C 100-59=41
40

30

20

10

0
0,01 0,1 1 10

Sieve size [mm]

L3.3 - Aggregate blending 18

 Exercise 2, Selection of aggregates
Sieve [mm] 20/32 GC 90/10 8/16 GC 90/10 4/10 GC 90/10 0/6 GA 90 Filler
40 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
31.5 91.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
20 4.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
16 0.0 95.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
12.5 0.0 75.1 100.0 100.0 100.0
10 0.0 26.2 98.0 100.0 100.0
8 0.0 0.3 73.5 100.0 100.0
4 0.0 0.0 5.0 83.4 100.0
2 0.0 0.0 0.0 47.7 100.0
1 0.0 0.0 0.0 25.5 100.0
0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.4 100.0
0.25 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.3 99.0
0.125 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 85.8
0.063 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 71.2
100
Binder ANAS envelope
90
Sieve [mm] Min [%] Max [%]
80
31.5 100 100
70
20 100 100 60
20/32 GC 90/10
Passing [%]
16 90 100 50
8/16 GC 90/10
6/10 GC 85/20
12.5 66 95 40 0/6 GA 90
8 52 72 30
Filler
Min [%]
4 34 54 20 Max [%]
2 25 40 10
0.5 10 22 0
0.25 6 16 0,01 0,1 1 10

Sieve size [mm]

0.063 4 8

L3.3 - Aggregate blending 19

 Exercise 2, Selection of aggregates
Sieve [mm] 20/32 GC 90/10 8/16 GC 90/10 4/10 GC 90/10 0/6 GA 90 Filler
40 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
31.5 91.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
20 4.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
16 0.0 95.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
12.5 0.0 75.1 100.0 100.0 100.0
10 0.0 26.2 98.0 100.0 100.0
8 0.0 0.3 73.5 100.0 100.0
4 0.0 0.0 5.0 83.4 100.0
2 0.0 0.0 0.0 47.7 100.0
1 0.0 0.0 0.0 25.5 100.0
0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.4 100.0
0.25 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.3 99.0
0.125 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 85.8
0.063 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 71.2
100
Binder ANAS envelope
90
Sieve [mm] Min [%] Max [%]
80
31.5 100 100
70
20 100 100 60
20/32 GC 90/10
Passing [%]
16 90 100 50
8/16 GC 90/10
6/10 GC 85/20
12.5 66 95 40 0/6 GA 90
8 52 72 30
Filler
Min [%]
4 34 54 20 Max [%]
2 25 40 10
0.5 10 22 0
0.25 6 16 0,01 0,1 1 10

Sieve size [mm]

0.063 4 8

L3.3 - Aggregate blending 20

 Exercise 2, Determination of critical sieves
Sieve [mm] 8/16 GC 90/10 4/10 GC 90/10 0/6 GA 90 Filler Desired curve
40 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
31.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
20 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
16 95.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 95.0
12.5 75.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 80.5
8 0.3 73.5 100.0 100.0 62.0
4 0.0 5.0 83.4 100.0 44.0
2 0.0 0.0 47.7 100.0 32.5
1 0.0 0.0 25.5 100.0
0.5 0.0 0.0 14.4 100.0 16.0
0.25 0.0 0.0 6.3 99.0 11.0
0.125 0.0 0.0 2.0 85.8
0.063 0.0 0.0 0.8 71.2 6.0

Binder ANAS envelope

Sieve [mm] Min [%] Max [%] The desired material larger than
31.5 100 100 16 mm must come from 8/16.
20 100 100
16 90 100
12.5 66 95 The desired material larger than
8 52 72 8 mm must come from 8/16 and 4/10.
4 34 54
2 25 40
0.5 10 22
The filler has high percentage of material
0.25 6 16 passing 0.063 mm.
0.063 4 8
L3.3 - Aggregate blending 21
 Exercise 2, First attempt of blending
In this case, considering the sieve 16 mm, one can match the desired curve only using 100%
of 8/16 (5% of retained material on the 16 mm – 95% passing material through 16 mm).
Obviously, it is not possible.
By experience, the first attempt could consider 30% of 8/16.
8/16 has 95% passing material through 16 mm, hence, 5% retained material on 16 mm.
Considering 30% of 8/16 means 1.5% of retained material on 16 mm, therefore 98.5% of
passing material through 16 mm instead of 95%. However 98.5% is included in the range
from 100 to 90% as reported in the specification requirements.

8/16 and 4/10 have retained material on 8 mm.

As established before, one can use 30% of 8/16 and it is almost all retained to 8 mm.
To match the specifications the retained material on 8 mm must be 100-62=38%.
One needs 8% more.
4/10 has 100-73=27% material retained on 8 mm. 8/27=30%, about 30% of 4/10.
Using the previous dosages, 60% of material is retained on 0.5 mm. However 100-16=84% of
retained material on 0.5 is required. 84-60=24% retained on 0.5 mm from 0/6 is required.
0/6 has 100-14=86% of retained material on 0.5 mm. 24/86=0.28, about 30% of 0/6.
Finally, 100-30-30-30=10% of filler.
One must have 6% passing material through 0.063 mm. 71*0.10=7.1%.

L3.3 - Aggregate blending 22

 Exercise 2, First attempt
Proportion [%] 30 30 30 10 100
Sieve [mm] 8/16 GC 90/10 4/10 GC 90/10 0/6 GA 90 Filler Desired curve
40 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
31.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
20 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
16 95.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 95.0
12.5 75.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 80.5

Pj , m = 1 Pj ,1 + ... 8
4
0.3
0.0
73.5
5.0
100.0
83.4
100.0
100.0
62.0
44.0

... +  i Pj ,i
2 0.0 0.0 47.7 100.0 32.5
1 0.0 0.0 25.5 100.0
0.5 0.0 0.0 14.4 100.0 16.0

 i i =1 0.25
0.125
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.3
2.0
99.0
85.8
11.0

0.063 0.0 0.0 0.8 71.2 6.0

TOT Somma.q.diff
Proportion [%] 30 30 30 10 100 285
Sieve [mm] 8/16 GC 90/10 4/10 GC 90/10 0/6 GA 90 Filler Attempt 1 Desired curve
40 30.0 30.0 30.0 10.0 100.0 100.0
31.5 30.0 30.0 30.0 10.0 100.0 100.0
20 30.0 30.0 30.0 10.0 100.0 100.0
16 28.5 30.0 30.0 10.0 98.5 95.0
12.5 22.5 30.0 30.0 10.0 92.5 80.5
8 0.1 22.1 30.0 10.0 62.1 62.0
4 0.0 1.5 25.0 10.0 36.5 44.0
2 0.0 0.0 14.3 10.0 24.3 32.5
1 0.0 0.0 7.7 10.0 17.7
0.5 0.0 0.0 4.3 10.0 14.3 16.0
0.25 0.0 0.0 1.9 9.9 11.8 11.0
0.125 0.0 0.0 0.6 8.6 9.2
0.063 0.0 0.0 0.2 7.1 7.4 6.0

L3.3 - Aggregate blending 23

 Exercise 2, First attempt

100

90

80
Desired curve
70
Min [%]
60
Passing [%]

50 Max [%]

40
Attempt 1

30

20

10

0
0,01 0,1 1 10

Sieve size [mm]

L3.3 - Aggregate blending 24

 Exercise 2, Second attempt

TOT Somma.q.diff
Proportion [%] 30 12 50 8 100 222
Sieve [mm] 8/16 GC 90/10 4/10 GC 90/10 0/6 GA 90 Filler Attempt 2 Desired curve
40 30.0 12.0 50.0 8.0 100.0 100.0
31.5 30.0 12.0 50.0 8.0 100.0 100.0
20 30.0 12.0 50.0 8.0 100.0 100.0
16 28.5 12.0 50.0 8.0 98.5 95.0
12.5 22.5 12.0 50.0 8.0 92.5 80.5
8 0.1 8.8 50.0 8.0 66.9 62.0
4 0.0 0.6 41.7 8.0 50.3 44.0
2 0.0 0.0 23.9 8.0 31.9 32.5
1 0.0 0.0 12.8 8.0 20.8
0.5 0.0 0.0 7.2 8.0 15.2 16.0
0.25 0.0 0.0 3.2 7.9 11.1 11.0
0.125 0.0 0.0 1.0 6.9 7.9
0.063 0.0 0.0 0.4 5.7 6.1 6.0

L3.3 - Aggregate blending 25

 Exercise 2, Second attempt

100

90

80
Desired curve
70
Min [%]
60
Passing [%]

50 Max [%]

40
Attempt 2

30

20

10

0
0,01 0,1 1 10

Sieve size [mm]

L3.3 - Aggregate blending 26

 Exercise 2, Third attempt

TOT Somma.q.diff
Proportion [%] 35 8 49 8 100 158
Sieve [mm] 8/16 GC 90/10 4/10 GC 90/10 0/6 GA 90 Filler Attempt 3 Desired curve
40 35.0 8.0 49.0 8.0 100.0 100.0
31.5 35.0 8.0 49.0 8.0 100.0 100.0
20 35.0 8.0 49.0 8.0 100.0 100.0
16 33.3 8.0 49.0 8.0 98.3 95.0
12.5 26.3 8.0 49.0 8.0 91.3 80.5
8 0.1 5.9 49.0 8.0 63.0 62.0
4 0.0 0.4 40.9 8.0 49.3 44.0
2 0.0 0.0 23.4 8.0 31.4 32.5
1 0.0 0.0 12.5 8.0 20.5
0.5 0.0 0.0 7.1 8.0 15.1 16.0
0.25 0.0 0.0 3.1 7.9 11.0 11.0
0.125 0.0 0.0 1.0 6.9 7.8
0.063 0.0 0.0 0.4 5.7 6.1 6.0

L3.3 - Aggregate blending 27

 Exercise 2, Third attempt
100

90

80
Desired curve
70
Min [%]
60
Passing [%]

50 Max [%]

40
Attempt 3

30

20

10

0
0,01 0,1 1 10

Sieve size [mm]

L3.3 - Aggregate blending 28

 Exercise 2_bis, First attempt

Proportion [%] 36.5 5 50 8.5 100

Sieve [mm] 8/16 Gc 90/10 4/10 Gc 90/10 0/6 GA 90 Filler Attempt 1 Desired curve
20 36.5 5.0 50.0 8.5 100.0 100.0
16 34.7 5.0 50.0 8.5 98.2 95.0
12.5 27.4 5.0 50.0 8.5 90.9 80.5
10 9.6 4.9 50.0 8.5 73.0
8 0.1 3.7 50.0 8.5 62.3 62.0
4 0.0 0.3 41.7 8.5 50.5 44.0
2 0.0 0.0 23.9 8.5 32.4 32.5
1 0.0 0.0 12.8 8.5 21.3
0.5 0.0 0.0 7.2 8.5 15.7 16.0
0.25 0.0 0.0 3.2 8.4 11.6 11.0
0.125 0.0 0.0 1.0 7.3 8.3
0.063 0.0 0.0 0.4 6.1 6.5 6.0

L3.3 - Aggregate blending 29

Exercise 2_bis, First attempt

L3.3 - Aggregate blending 30

 Exercise 2_bis, Second attempt

Proportion [%] 38 7 48 7 100

Sieve [mm] 8/16 Gc 90/10 4/10 Gc 90/10 0/6 GA 90 Filler Attempt 2 Desired curve
20 38.0 7.0 48.0 7.0 100.0 100.0
16 36.1 7.0 48.0 7.0 98.1 95.0
12.5 28.5 7.0 48.0 7.0 90.5 80.5
10 10.0 6.9 48.0 7.0 71.8
8 0.1 5.1 48.0 7.0 60.3 62.0
4 0.0 0.4 40.0 7.0 47.4 44.0
2 0.0 0.0 22.9 7.0 29.9 32.5
1 0.0 0.0 12.2 7.0 19.2
0.5 0.0 0.0 6.9 7.0 13.9 16.0
0.25 0.0 0.0 3.0 6.9 10.0 11.0
0.125 0.0 0.0 1.0 6.0 7.0
0.063 0.0 0.0 0.4 5.0 5.4 6.0

L3.3 - Aggregate blending 31

Exercise 2_bis, Second attempt

L3.3 - Aggregate blending 32

 Exercise 2_bis, Third attempt

Proportion [%] 36.5 8 46.5 9 100

Sieve [mm] 8/16 Gc 90/10 4/10 Gc 90/10 0/6 GA 90 Filler Attempt 3 Desired curve
20 36.5 8.0 46.5 9.0 100.0 100.0
16 34.7 8.0 46.5 9.0 98.2 95.0
12.5 27.4 8.0 46.5 9.0 90.9 80.5
10 9.6 7.8 46.5 9.0 72.9
8 0.1 5.9 46.5 9.0 61.5 62.0
4 0.0 0.4 38.8 9.0 48.2 44.0
2 0.0 0.0 22.2 9.0 31.2 32.5
1 0.0 0.0 11.9 9.0 20.9
0.5 0.0 0.0 6.7 9.0 15.7 16.0
0.25 0.0 0.0 2.9 8.9 11.8 11.0
0.125 0.0 0.0 0.9 7.7 8.7
0.063 0.0 0.0 0.4 6.4 6.8 6.0

L3.3 - Aggregate blending 33

Exercise 2_bis, Third attempt

L3.3 - Aggregate blending 34

 Exercise 3, Selection of aggregates
Sieve [mm] 8/16 8/16 RAP 5/11 0/4 Filler
20 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
14 88.5 97.4 100.0 100.0 100.0
10 20.6 75.5 100.0 100.0 100.0
6.3 0.9 27.7 72.5 100.0 100.0
2 0.6 14.9 1.6 87.7 100.0
0.5 0.5 10.6 1.4 43.1 100.0
0.25 0.5 8.7 1.4 30.4 100.0
0.063 0.5 4.5 1.1 14.6 98.0

100.0
Sieve [mm] Min [%] Max [%] Desired curve
Min [%]
20 100.0 100.0 100.0 80.0 Max [%]
8/16
14 85.0 94.0 89.5 8/16 RAP

Passing [%]
60.0 5/11
10 38.0 53.0 45.5
0/4
6.3 13.0 26.0 19.5 40.0
Filler

2 8.0 15.0 11.5

20.0
0.5 6.0 12.0 9.0
0.25 6.0 10.0 8.0 0.0
0.01 0.1 1 10 100
0.063 4.0 8.0 6.0 Sieve size [mm]

L3.3 - Aggregate blending 35

 Exercise 3, First attempt
Proportion [%] 65 0 15 15 5 100
Sieve [mm] 8/16 8/16 RAP 5/11 0/4 Filler Attempt 1 Desired curve
20 65.0 0.0 15.0 15.0 5.0 100.0 100.0
14 57.5 0.0 15.0 15.0 5.0 92.5 89.5
10 13.4 0.0 15.0 15.0 5.0 48.4 45.5
6.3 0.6 0.0 10.9 15.0 5.0 31.5 19.5
2 0.4 0.0 0.2 13.2 5.0 18.8 11.5
0.5 0.4 0.0 0.2 6.5 5.0 12.0 9.0
0.25 0.3 0.0 0.2 4.6 5.0 10.1 8.0
0.063 0.3 0.0 0.2 2.2 4.9 7.6 6.0

100.0
Desired curve
Min [%]
80.0 Max [%]
Attempt 1
Passing [%]

60.0

40.0

20.0

0.0
0.01 0.1 1 10 100
Sieve size [mm]

L3.3 - Aggregate blending 36

 Exercise 3, Second attempt
Proportion [%] 75 0 10 10 5 100
Sieve [mm] 8/16 8/16 RAP 5/11 0/4 Filler Attempt 2 Desired curve
20 75.0 0.0 10.0 10.0 5.0 100.0 100.0
14 66.4 0.0 10.0 10.0 5.0 91.4 89.5
10 15.5 0.0 10.0 10.0 5.0 40.5 45.5
6.3 0.7 0.0 7.2 10.0 5.0 22.9 19.5
2 0.4 0.0 0.2 8.8 5.0 14.4 11.5
0.5 0.4 0.0 0.1 4.3 5.0 9.9 9.0
0.25 0.4 0.0 0.1 3.0 5.0 8.6 8.0
0.063 0.4 0.0 0.1 1.5 4.9 6.8 6.0

100.0
Desired curve
Min [%]
80.0 Max [%]
Attempt 2
Passing [%]

60.0

40.0

20.0

0.0
0.01 0.1 1 10 100
Sieve size [mm]

L3.3 - Aggregate blending 37

 Exercise 3, Third attempt
Proportion [%] 74 0 13 8 5 100
Sieve [mm] 8/16 8/16 RAP 5/11 0/4 Filler Attempt 3 Desired curve
20 74.0 0.0 13.0 8.0 5.0 100.0 100.0
14 65.5 0.0 13.0 8.0 5.0 91.5 89.5
10 15.3 0.0 13.0 8.0 5.0 41.3 45.5
6.3 0.7 0.0 9.4 8.0 5.0 23.1 19.5
2 0.4 0.0 0.2 7.0 5.0 12.6 11.5
0.5 0.4 0.0 0.2 3.4 5.0 9.0 9.0
0.25 0.4 0.0 0.2 2.4 5.0 8.0 8.0
0.063 0.4 0.0 0.1 1.2 4.9 6.6 6.0

100.0
Desired curve
Min [%]
80.0 Max [%]
Attempt 3
Passing [%]

60.0

40.0

20.0

0.0
0.01 0.1 1 10 100
Sieve size [mm]

L3.3 - Aggregate blending 38

 Exercise 3, First attempt (RAP)
Proportion [%] 60 15 13 7 5 100
Sieve [mm] 8/16 8/16 RAP 5/11 0/4 Filler Attempt 1 RAP Desired curve
20 60.0 15.0 13.0 7.0 5.0 100.0 100.0
14 53.1 14.6 13.0 7.0 5.0 92.7 89.5
10 12.4 11.3 13.0 7.0 5.0 48.7 45.5
6.3 0.6 4.2 9.4 7.0 5.0 26.1 19.5
2 0.3 2.2 0.2 6.1 5.0 13.9 11.5
0.5 0.3 1.6 0.2 3.0 5.0 10.1 9.0
0.25 0.3 1.3 0.2 2.1 5.0 8.9 8.0
0.063 0.3 0.7 0.1 1.0 4.9 7.0 6.0

100.0
Desired curve
Min [%]
80.0 Max [%]
Attempt 1 RAP
Passing [%]

60.0

40.0

20.0

0.0
0.01 0.1 1 10 100
Sieve size [mm]

L3.3 - Aggregate blending 39

 Exercise 3, Second attempt (RAP)
Proportion [%] 63 15 12 6 4 100
Sieve [mm] 8/16 8/16 RAP 5/11 0/4 Filler Attempt 2 RAP Desired curve
20 63.0 15.0 12.0 6.0 4.0 100.0 100.0
14 55.8 14.6 12.0 6.0 4.0 92.4 89.5
10 13.0 11.3 12.0 6.0 4.0 46.3 45.5
6.3 0.6 4.2 8.7 6.0 4.0 23.4 19.5
2 0.4 2.2 0.2 5.3 4.0 12.0 11.5
0.5 0.3 1.6 0.2 2.6 4.0 8.7 9.0
0.25 0.3 1.3 0.2 1.8 4.0 7.6 8.0
0.063 0.3 0.7 0.1 0.9 3.9 5.9 6.0

100.0
Desired curve
Min [%]
80.0 Max [%]
Attempt 2 RAP
Passing [%]

60.0

40.0

20.0

0.0
0.01 0.1 1 10 100
Sieve size [mm]

L3.3 - Aggregate blending 40

 Exercise 4
Sieve [mm] A B C
20 100.0 100.0 100.0
10 63.0 100.0 100.0
4 19.0 100.0 100.0
2 8.0 93.0 100.0
0.5 5.0 55.0 100.0
0.125 3.0 36.0 97.0
0.063 2.0 3.0 88.0

Sieve [mm] Min [%] Max [%] Desired curve

20 94.0 100.0 97.0
10 70.0 85.0 77.5
4 40.0 55.0 47.5
2 30.0 42.0 36.0
0.5 20.0 30.0 25.0
0.125 12.0 22.0 17.0
0.063 5.0 11.0 8.0

L3.3 - Aggregate blending 41

 Exercise 5
Sieve [mm] A B C
19 100.0 100.0 100.0
12.5 90.0 100.0 100.0
4.75 40.0 100.0 100.0
2.36 6.5 98.1 100.0
0.6 3.0 20.7 93.2
0.3 1.2 12.2 58.7
0.075 0.5 3.3 27.4

Sieve [mm] Min [%] Max [%] Desired curve

19 100.0 100.0 100.0
12.5 90.0 100.0 95.0
4.75 60.0 75.0 67.5
2.36 40.0 55.0 47.5
0.6 20.0 35.0 27.5
0.3 12.0 22.0 17.0
0.075 5.0 10.0 7.5

L3.3 - Aggregate blending 42