SE-101

APPLICATIONS OF INFORMATION AND

COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES (ICT)

LECTURE 01
INTRODUCTION (THE BIG PICTURE)

Dr. Huma Qayyum

DEPARTMENT OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING UET, TAXILA

Email: [email protected]
 Course Learning Outcome

At the end of this course students will be able to:

1. Describe the fundamental concepts, components and scope of
information and communication technologies (ICT).

2. Apply various ICT platforms and tools for different purposes to address
basic needs in different domains.

3. Describe the challenges, implications, and limitations of ICT platforms and

tools.
 TEXT BOOK
• Recommended Text Book:
1. Peter, N. Introduction to Computers. 8th International Edition, McGraw Hill,
USA.
2. Fundamentals of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Prasun
Barua
• Reference Book
1. Information Communication Technologies : (Concepts, Methodologies,Tools and Applications,
Volume 1-6) Craig Van Slyke
2. Williams, S. (2015). Using Information Technology: A Practical Introduction to Computer &
Communications. (11th ed.). McGraw Hill, USA.
 COURSE CARD
Lecture # Lecture Contents Task
1. Introduction
 Definition and Importance of ICT
 Role of ICT in Software Engineering
 Basics of Computer System
2. Fundamentals of Computer Software
 Introduction to Code
 Running and Operating Systems
 Languages and Open Source
3. Computer Hardware
Open Source and Proprietary Software

4. Data and Storage

Quiz 01
 Decimal to Binary
 Binary to Decimal
5. Data and Storage (Cont…)
 Binary Addition Assignment 01
 Binary Subtraction
 Binary Multiplication
 Binary Division
6. Data and Storage (Cont…)
 One’s Complement
 Two’s Complement
Excess Notation
IEEE Floating Point Precision
Number System Data Compression

7. Programming
 Problem Solving
8 Programming (Cont…)
Quiz 02
 Stages of programming
 HTML and Javascript

MID EXAMS
 COURSE CARD (CONT….)
Lecture # Lecture Contents Task
9. Programming (Cont…)
 Conditional statements
 Expressions
10. Programming (Cont…) Assignment
 Loops 02
 Expressions (Announced
)
11.
Internet and Web Technologies
 The Internet
 Servers and Backend
12.
Internet and Web Technologies (Cont…) Quiz 3
 Virtual and Augmented Reality
 Internet of things
Human Computer Interaction

13.
Artificial Intelligence
 AI in Chatbots (ChatGPT, Bard etc)
Big Data and Cloud computing
14. ICT Security
 Passwords
 Phishing and Malware
 Safe Practices and Encryption
15.
Cryptocurrency and Blockchain

16. Quiz 4
Issues in ICT
 Ethical and Social issues (optional)
 Environmental issues
 Health issues
 Safety & security

FINAL EXAMS
 EVALUATION CRIETERIA

Assessment Items %age

Assignments+ Class Participation / Class Discussion 15
Evaluation Quizzes 10
Criteria Mid Exam (after 8 weeks) 25
Final examination (after 16 weeks) 50
Total 100
 NOTE: ATTENDANCE

75% Attendance Mandatory..!!

TODAY’S LECTURE

• Introduction
• Definition and Importance of ICT
• Role of ICT in Software Engineering
• Basics of Computer System
 INTRODUCTION
ICT (Information & Communication Technology)

ICT, or information and communications technology (or technologies), is

the infrastructure{arrangement} and components that enable modern
computing.

9
 DEFINITION

ICT (INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY)

• Information & communication technology (ICT) is a technology required for

information processing, in particular, the use of electronics computers,
communication devices and application software to convert, store, protect,
process, transmit and retrieve information from anywhere and anytime.
 INFORMATION

• INFORMATION refers to the knowledge obtained from reading, investigation,

study or research.
 INFORMATION
• The tools to transmit information are the electronic or smart devices(smartphone, smart
TV, smart speakers, smart cars, etc.).

We need information to make decisions and to predict the future. For example . For example, forecasting
Weather.
 COMMUNICATION

Communication is an act of transmitting messages. It is a process whereby information is exchanged

between individuals using symbols, signs or verbal interactions.

• Previously, people communicated through signs or symbols, performing drama and poetry. With the
advent of technology, these “older” forms of communication are less utilized as compared to the use of
the internet, email or video conferencing .
 TECHNOLOGY

It uses scientific expertise, resources and knowledge to create processes and product that fulfill human
needs.
Aiding Communication: Telephones and Fax machines were devices used in extending
communication. What are the new modes of communication devices?

Spreading information : To broadcast information such as news, weather reports or any other
information effectively. Digital television, satellites, internet of things (IOT), the World Wide Web (www)
including social media platforms, augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) are powerful tools
that can be used.

VR : Oculus Rift, Samsung galaxy gear VR , Sony Project Morpheus, Gyroscope

AR : Google Glass, Sony Magic Lens
 HISTORY AND EVOLUTION OF ICT

The concept of ICT can be traced back to the 19th century with the development of the telegraph
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mvqlsd3prW8] and the telephone. These two inventions revolutionized the
way people worked and interacted socially by making it possible for one person to communicate with another
person in a different location in near-real time.

In the middle of the 20th century, radio and television introduced the concept of mass communication, and by the
end of the century, the internet had become a mainstream tool for communication, commerce and entertainment.
Its use continued to grow rapidly in the following years, revolutionizing the way people work and digitally
transforming the way people communicate.
 History and EVOLUTION OF ICT

https://www.techopedia.com/definition/24152/inform
ation-and-communications-technology-ict
ICT Infrastructure and Systems
Cloud computing is the on-
demand access of
computing resources—
physical servers or virtual
servers, data storage,
networking capabilities,
application development
tools, software, AI-
powered analytic tools and
more—over the internet
with pay-per-use pricing
ICT IMPORTANCE
 USAGE OF ICT IN DAILY LIFE
EDUCATION

Teachers use computers to research for teaching materials, participate in online

forums and online conferences as well as to aid their teaching.

Students use the computers as a reference tool. They use computers to browse the Internet to look for
information.

Researchers use computers to collect and process data

School administrators use computers for administrative purposes to make sure that the entire operation runs
smoothly
 USAGE OF ICT IN DAILY LIFE
BANKING
The computer is the nerve center of the banking system around the world. • It functions
to control the entire banking system that also includes 'Electronic Banking Services'.

.
Electronic banking provides 24 hour services. The services include :

Automated Teller Machine (ATM)

Cheque Deposit

Electronic Fund Transfer

Direct Deposit

Pay by phone system

Personal computer banking/ internet banking

 USAGE OF ICT IN DAILY LIFE
BANKING

CUSTOMER
Customers can make any transactions at the 24 hour service centers or via
online.
. These services allow them to do transaction at anytime they want.
 USAGE OF ICT IN DAILY LIFE

BANKING
BUSINESSMEN
Businessmen can save their time by using the online services offered
by banks. They can access company accounts for
• . loan applications
• business transactions
• update on their cash flow at any time.

BANK ADMINISTRATORS
Bank administrators can oversee the entire banking activities such as
reconciliations, inter-branch transactions (IBT), telegraphic transfer
and others by referring to the banking system
 USAGE OF ICT IN DAILY LIFE

INDUSTRY
Computers are used to facilitate production planning and control systems, to support chain
management and to help in product design in the industrial sector. • In the industrial sector,
workers, researchers and administrators benefit from the usage of ICT.

.
Workers use machines that are connected to computers to operate.
In some productions, robots are used to take over jobs that are dangerous to the workers

Researchers use computers to analyze and collect research data for future reference.

Administrators use computers to oversee the entire operations in the

plant or factory to detect specific errors or defects that occurred in the
process.
 E- COMMERCE
• E-commerce helps in boosting the
economy.
• It makes buying and selling activities
easier, more efficient and faster.
• For this application, computers,
Internet and shared software are
needed.
In the e-commerce sector, customers, suppliers and
employees benefits from the usage of ICT.
 CUSTOMERS

• Customers use computers to

be connected online with
suppliers to purchase products.
• This method can save time and
cost as they do not have to go
to any outlets.
 SUPLIERS

• Suppliers use computers to

keep track of their
transactions.
• All products are bar coded
and can be read by the
computer scanner to help in
determining prices and
managing inventory.
EMPLOYEES

• Employees use computers and

telephones to communicate
with their customers for any
enquiries.
• The system helps employees to
get the latest updates on
inventory to be informed to
the customers.
OTHER SECTOR
 Role of ICT in Software Engineering

• The potential role of ICT in software engineering is vast and transformative, impacting every phase of the
software development lifecycle.
SDLC comprises
seven different
stages: planning,
analysis, design,
development,
testing,
implementation, and
maintenance. All are
necessary for
delivering a high-
quality and cost-
effective product in
the shortest time
frame possible.
 Role of ICT in Software Engineering

• The potential role of ICT in software engineering is vast and transformative, impacting every phase of the
software development lifecycle.

Scenario: Developing a Mobile Application for E-commerce

• Phase 1: Planning and Requirements Gathering
Role of ICT :
 Video Conferencing: Software engineers hold virtual meetings with business stakeholders (or clients) using platforms like
Zoom to gather detailed requirements for the mobile application.
 Requirements Management Tools: ICT platforms like Trello help organize and document user stories, features, and
acceptance criteria in a collaborative manner.
 Communication Channels: Slack or Microsoft Teams provide channels for ongoing communication and quick
clarifications between developers and stakeholders.
 Role of ICT in Software Engineering (Cont…)

Scenario: Developing a Mobile Application for E-commerce

• Phase 2: Design and Architecture
Role of ICT :
 Design Tools: Engineers employ unified modeling language (UML) tool to create diagrams illustrating the application's
architecture, component interactions, and relationships.

 Collaborative Design: ICT platforms like Figma enable multiple designers to collaborate on creating the application's
user interface and design elements in real time.
 Role of ICT in Software Engineering (Cont…)

Scenario: Developing a Mobile Application for E-commerce

• Phase 3: Development
Role of ICT :
 Version Control: Engineers utilize Git repositories of GitHub platform to manage code versions, enabling collaboration
and tracking changes.

 Collaboration Platforms: Slack or Microsoft Teams facilitate communication among developers, testers, and product
managers to address issues promptly.
 Role of ICT in Software Engineering (Cont…)

Scenario: Developing a Mobile Application for E-commerce

• Phase 4: Quality Assurance and Testing

Role of ICT :
 Test Automation: Engineers employ tools like Selenium to automate functionality tests across multiple
devices and scenarios.
 Bug Tracking: Using platforms like Bugzilla, engineers document and track reported defects, collaborating with
testers to verify and close issues. Bugzilla is a robust, featureful and mature defect-tracking system, or bug-tracking

system. Defect-tracking systems allow teams of developers to keep track of outstanding bugs, problems, issues,
enhancement and other change requests in their products effectively. Simple defect-tracking capabilities are often built
into integrated source code management environments such as GitHub or other web-based or locally-installed
equivalents
 Role of ICT in Software Engineering (Cont…)

Scenario: Developing a Mobile Application for E-commerce

• Phase 5: Deployment and Maintenance

Role of ICT :
 Cloud Infrastructure: Engineers deploy the application on cloud platforms like
Microsoft Azure or Amazon Web Services or Google Cloud. Why?

 Monitoring and Analytics: Tool like Google Analytics help track application performance, user behavior, and issues
for timely optimizations.

 Remote Troubleshooting: Engineers use remote desktop tools to diagnose and fix issues in the application reported
by users.
 Role of ICT in Software Engineering (Cont…)

Scenario: Developing a Mobile Application for E-commerce

• Phase 6: Continuous Improvements and Updates

Role of ICT :
 User Feedback Channels: Using different tools engineers collect user feedback, suggestions, and complaints to
drive iterative improvements.
COMPUTER SYSTEM
THE COMPUTER DEFINED

• Electronic device
• Converts data into information
• Modern computers are digital
• – Two digits combine to make data (0, 1)

• A computer is an electronic device that process data, converting it into information

that is useful to people.

• A computer is controlled by the programmed instructions, which give the machine a

purpose and tell what to do.
 TYPES OF PERSONAL COMPUTERS

• Desktop computers
• Workstations
• Notebook computers
• Tablet computers
• Handheld computers
• Smart phones
PARTS OF THE COMPUTER SYSTEM
COMPUTING SYSTEMS

Hardware The physical elements of a

computing system (printer, circuit boards,
wires, keyboard…)

Software The programs that provide the

instructions for a computer to execute
LAYERS OF A COMPUTING SYSTEM
ABSTRACTION

Abstraction A mental model that removes

complex details
This is a key concept. Abstraction will
reappear throughout the text – be sure you
understand it!
INTERNAL AND ABSTRACT VIEW
 A QUICKVIEW OFA COMPUTER
COMPUTERS HARDWARE AND COMPUTER SOFTWARE
BREAK …….FURTHER NEXT CLASS.