if MNS ler 4A1,Ac,--Any be a Career LAI KAGE X--.xAN IS Called an ase | At Aeg-- 13 uxed do Indicate a -weiak och Ee [ao objects these ae ONY Kinds a wacker ea F _-seates bar gtudenis ond teadwa. | enpayee ond fis Saaxy. ] Tie Gexept of telat So more | mpartont | the stay of data ‘stuchre Such ap (inted ist, |[exeys wectinal Maes Ge.Raainn ox aldo wapetawr Fs the anatysiS e Open. Azfparnation syste etc. yi + Pveduct Set om Comtcsian peoduct — Let A ont @ ke -he tao Monenpry Sd38. The peoduct Set ov the cartesian peatut AXB iS defined 3 Ax {on bo [mer and yee sy Tp A=, BSb en AKG=S eq- ler A=fosby 854152} hen A KB =ACASIDCAg25Cbs'9Cb, 2DF s Let A ond ® be too seas. A caahn AS is a Subse ‘me Camtesian product Axe. Suppose R id a Teateo awn A +0 8B. the R isa oer of osdeved Pare Cazb) @he ACA ond bes. Bvexy” Guth osdeced pars iS amiten a aRb and cad ap fa is weiated to b>? by R. C Few ConboE RD =e @sb) ZR the) a@ 18 not weated to b By R ad iS a@xtern op afb hes R id catied ao binary etadten om A +o B. Birawy Reiatien— Te A and 8 be t@o monempty sets. 80 4 brn | wack R is deofred a> a Subst of A XB Gfoary o. L Scanned by CamScanner 4a Set A-+o BB. - TH @,b€2@ and A GA*S then a 8 Tdated Jno 5 by R- — — Azf{asbscy} BS4 wsAy AB = {Cased,Ca.99,Ca5¢25COS79 .Cbz92,C bat) » COM> e589, 00,494 hen R £4037), Cbse3, Cbs} 8 a Taattn pew A + B. - « Complement of @ Reicthon —s- consides a~weatwn @ gem ee A + 8. the Complement af ~seaten R IS. denoted by R Ss a weiahion A to & Such that BR = (6.6) 1G. FRY Considet ne weiatrn R. wm x40 7¥ x = 4 1,0,3y 7 =1455) and R= f C154. 15 50354950 25594 Fird “ne complemant % weichon R. s => onivnevsal wesation i.g RF = 1C'9499C1gS)62549,62055),C03,49,CB5595 —crmplement telat [z = 16%249.63,49,¢85695] ; * Inverse gf Raahon > nsidet! oO raat R oa St A to B.the Wesse ‘Oo sect R is dencted by Kland os Oo wean eo Sito A Such thot BRING if aRb 1-2 R= {cb.031 cab ERY Y Scanned by CamScannerce considex tne waaten “<> on the a a | A =4233,44 Dctewmine its Aovewmso => The sweatin « is defined by cob) € ie asx a8 CA -ther = 4 C2, 2IC CeBIE LAE PDE B59)CS,4), CB IC +94 £45) C5594 RN=4 C0, 0950359) $4506 599C3,9)C4 93) .0-599 64545059495 CS,5)5, || ComPosite Gi Binoy Reiodiong — « . let Ri be a enti Awom Ato B® ond Re bea Preiadier fer BOC. The Ompesite -reloHin ten Ate denoted by Q-Re is ed td Re Re ={Cca,cd1aEA ond CEC ad bes acm that Cosby ER1 and cbscdeRe g- AS 41,2.,84 a = {C13 295€ 129750253) Re =4C352C2519) aren RA Re SIC 15199 Chg BDC BOG Re- Pr = $C9,99,0223) ReRe # RoR. Tr Reiatims tract ane on on estoy Sequence, oetatins Ther = One led Omposite welakins. The amncert Gmposne -selati Pays. an impostact wie te execufi * rere Domain and Ronge of Retation — let A ond ots and R be tre oeiaien fee A408. and pei@sbylaeA and bEBYy Scanned by CamScanner yRorgs — Rasge of R ig dewtel by Rock), The se ka al Second coosdinates 4 Re is = Caled oP Saye BF. 2 Range oR “2 =4 bl cas eR} ler A=fe.n4cc} and ict R be the section on A defines ap aRb ie axb. Fird DCR ad Rance) FSR = AC 2.9962,4962,599 CS), 63,59,C4..59) Dear = {2.%44 RacPd= {334,53 1) RSET # || Repoeserrtation @ RedaHeon — DFAS OS * | Marin Rey ahien of a Relation ler, A= daizan—..amy” Bai bk ~--bo} be dinie ses contammg om & 1 elonods especialy | le R be O ZelaHh fem Ato B- sae a) Dgsaeh By dep? ROAXB Hence Ge con weet R byw Me =Cmyl gohich is. defmed o> — a madam MF. i@ cainbER ‘cork ZR. “the modal MR is colied a> he manda R. Ler A=4a,b,0,d} & 824152,34 R =400,19,Ca,99,Cb,05 €,2)¢cd5194 Find tne celahion Matiz. 4 woms & B columns. SI Me on hav 19.3 oft to] Mes bli aio ce lou ° I afte o ]- Scanned by CamScanner 4#& | Genphicat and Tobuiee form — | lee A ond @ be ton Sas, A rela fm Atos lie a subser op the cantesion Prue AxS | A walaien ber two Dine SS Con be Premed +abuox and Cas * = bs ec Syn Lets [NA = qo.b6.0.d) B24 10} d Ri i an iS OO -welatien Aer yA +o 8. ] R = 4Castd,¢ 6.19, cb,29,-C¢,03,Cd5} D (Oe can wepwerent this weiaitn in +obWwan and bh araehice form OR. ger buow — [otswex cow — emaphcat Fawn — — & 1 a o o— rs! bo = &b ow 2 ged jo -“ c ie ao“ Jd Da. Reposent he given Function ao] U Gsaphica iJ rabwanY Wi med, ar © =4 C15 8), C%5),C3, 59304, 29, CSSD4 A 211,023,495) B=4 152.345) > le | Ut, F = 1C1y89,C25595 C2552 aC ty gCS339} Gaphicos por Tabwox esr rs \ ev 4 ad lo 2-2 2 Le 3s 3 3 = 7 XS z + 5 s a a i Scanned by CamScanner* Sdextpiz. Mr Dy Dignaphs =" : Je eae . af A wa Gints Sk and Ris a waation on A> we Can ceprcsett R Pictosialy aa forces — Ythe eiements A osc wepuete” 2d by BOM ob pcre cated ode os VerHcen. Ww aRbathS is Mmeticetedl by Ser One 7 ose foe a to b coued an edgen the SENET pictesial wUpmese station Ris called grvected gas. on igeaeh f R. Gop — ber [email protected]} Ler R iS a Seating Ae Re 1 ChE 15495025 09,03,49, C4519 9 : Then the eae ot Ris shown beow— L - Scanned by CamScannerg.| I Bind Awe elatioy bee clelearwneel by ee ory aa @ => _ oRb it ond omy ‘a hea isan edge fom } ato b~ So @e Rance R =4C1,195C2589,09, 0), C3,59,C4.8 09 i be A= M4533 Ble -R be gnen by tre Sigraeh Bho@n ™m Gigs Fred Me ond R. ad Re @D RE A C1949501,593 C4519 5045499 C5 949,CT259 4} ' + 5 4 |! 130 s[o rot @. | le RB ond 8 be tre eiatime per Az4152534 to Beiasby depred ley s R=4 Ct509,08,09,02,0,C3,0>4 3 =4C1269,Ca,b94 Find Rad, ond RUS. | A =4t3253Y B=fa,b} | Roond @ be ‘ne wots Fam AS | RUS = 1C1909, clsb0,C 2,60 C350), Cau | Ras =ic2,803 | Scanned by CamScannerF| Poopettics Retation =. : poopesty “we celahHin tera the madust oo type Ahe lation There asc many puorpecten & weaton. g Reflexive waa — NA vader RS Called —wofiexre if elemerts a GA @e Con ahi BRo 2 @sMeER to mor vefleane 1 lcs SoMa Semon AEA > R a, fogs 2 Ca,aa gk e e-i Lee Asda,bY. & RStca,axc bees: hen R iS weheane. 1 Ler A=tOQs6y BH R=4casadeasby then R is mot DARIENE - ames cb ~R. Pa] exne weakon — A wiaton R is cated terefenn« swuctin 7 Gse_ NH weno & GA .G.ER } en Se A =alety RHF 1529,C 25194 hen R IS romgfieune Smee kom C0 & Gnd @ Q) Gyametaic cseiahon — consides a bran awradiin on Se A. A wean R iS Calied gmmMemc widen ie a F CamME|ER Aer CH, wDeER. 7 Ler ASAI. 0,98) R =4032)5CHRIIL 3,292,899 a obOt saan is HNMMetwic ar aes wom C&w2.eR @e hone cbsa.eR- ee Scanned by CamScanner Ac: a conaider Raat @ [eq — ber Acd4t52,3) akeR i2 cat an oNmMMene waaiten event Cazb) ER shen cba ZR. — Lee A=44.5364 R=1G,39,C5,q,Ce4.. [The obove wreiaita 18 asymmetne ap gor eerg Cozb) ER, G hae hraER. ATH SYMMetsiC Reaction — A weet 13 gaid to be antisymmebiuc ie @heneies a@Rbe and bRa then o=b CHEZ CHEz R =40,2962,19, 02,3 R (S mot antsymmetic Smee ciz2zd and Ce51d GR and 1 #2. 6] Tronsite Retain — A sect iS said+> be Foursive stan 4 @,HER ond chOER AM Gi cle Ghex asbc EA 4 = AaAl8y KR HACHIC2NCINy then 2 iB toabitne od TILER 07d CO,DER_ ond ChIeR, Scanned by CamScanner—— = oe - ~——_* | Equivetence Relation => —_—_—_— 9 A_seist Roan set A ® Caliat an equivalowe raat if FF satisfies the pre B-Popeses 0 Raaten YQ 3S leane ie GRay GqjerR 2) Reisen RS Sym> 1.2 gRbebRa ca,WEek ~Cb,oeEr SB) Reotty Rois rence 22 gRb and bRe ake —__ 7 + @ WER 5OER = CasEeR Oc. Ler A=41,2,3,4) and R=4051, C3),C2,29,C2A), C1) C352 C4509, C4503,C45434 Show that R iS on equivalence welation - => Refiexne — TA wuottin 2 is a OB C1s195025 29,0358), and C4,¢) ER Fams Symectvic— Relat R iS symmetsic Kecawe aohenever cai eR the, Gajer Es CL49ER tren GER Teonsitie — | Reahon R iS +saretve bemwe @heneer G56) and Cb, ER then cCasdeR eg —C3,I0ER ond cisdER then GER Sf & R is veplexnes HIMERC ond sangre R iS OF equfolere sweiahwn. Wat Ri ond Raaxe qqutvalexe sweatin, then Rinke & a7 equivalence eseche, re Bod Ce ane Ganaene Ran, FS Hee TeEaTy et ~RIVEL 1S Qo an equratene oiah7- Scanned by CamScanner ADT _ | Equratexe classe = | considex an equivaime gelatin R om a se A an eement @ CASS The = equivalere = Clans me Set Clements A to @hCH element a iS yer / Tt is denoted by ta), @ | Le R be a5 equialexe seat on “we ser A =44,5.6.7) dered by @ =3C4,49,€5,59>C638) 3), C436),C6549}. DeteSinme MS equivalexe aiass. => The “equivalence class ast 02 cpnees= oe Tals {456 < Cg) =71 5,34 (s}=46,4)=04) cH= 473 Qi] le Asdasblcy and te R=1ca,a3Cbb), CC.0),c8,6), Cb.a)} whence R iS Qesuy, an equNdlense medi Frid equivaterce ctansed £ tne aements of A: =y the equivatere ciapsed “Gf elements ae AR one TO = fazby © [bj =4 6,03 = Co) Cel= yc} “he wonk of Ris Do | Powtitions — =—— +. ; — Def — A padi Oo nen-empry se A 1S Oo lectin of ses TAi,Ag—— Any} Suds thot Doras OVA TST i] MOA S & = iFy L@e dere a Poe a A Ge avril E The @emert of paetinn ts catel gq” bbe ‘Rtwrmamart lou. Fen Eee,azz A =4152,39 TT 819,523,438) (Ss pasties BA We =1ci,s3,42} iS athe poctien t A. We =T8S2k Hay,3) and 0 on. [Tre fessor. diagram represents me pation € fe v_U Sse Le > | ww ] rs * ~ | 2) Le cease our Potegers - e =se ae evel irkeqers = oe of an odd Treg - “Men {£0} 12 a postin qe | Piheosen — Ter A be a norrerPHt set and le Ww be a psn of Athen ar wots arn equivalence wean on AS i bee) Ra, CHS ee VE 40 ig: [ish IS= AEs TT and Gratud AS equNalexe weiaten Wduceg by digzarh - =r Vee i Ca pod Case), €b,033C6,5) poesedgCdsd3h t The di ge RO [7 ts tl Scanned by CamScannerLer A 2410028, 4,5) ond WHAT, 43, 4¢ Fmd “me equivatoxe —weiatier deasmirrd by i ond dew ne digsaph. BS A Cts S150) COST C052) C3539,C04 94904 25305249, 59) “Di graph R is me _ as — $- | Compatbic Relation — o A ‘welater Ro om a Set A ® said to be ompakbie iS wpe and eqe AN equivasere SAAS Ge GrapaHbie cwclafens. SS a= | Troncitve ciosux — Ler R be te estat on Set A- Then me Tite paasnn embreMmmn 2. srorehne Cosine of a wetatvm Rois Me Srnaner The transfine” Closure R 18 denoted aw = RO case yg CHMOSCOSRS. hem — Ler A be © Stk @iin IAL=9 ond te Q_ a qlee OM A: dred F A eF =e ort oe y.—- oR, Ler Aedlj2;3,4] and Ra82),Cemcs.40y. be a = R= 105296 2,398.4) RE 4 OsejC ©,8965,4),C102>, = sachin o7 A. pind RF et Grand AS dipach- Qe =7 Cl Ca,4} cet) Ro = (egy + Fe RP ORE DE® H4 CH, CLS, C3425 Ch), Coa gRS Raannad bes Mosent akeQ.|| comaiders “re fonccoi PERCH OFF 415253, 455565, R = ici] whee ss |= ze NEXNe ,Syrmmetic, tanstine Cee a POR. SPR a 1 84964529, 04,69, CGn 4), C19 ICBC BIEIOTD DY Ris rot Ehlert « R iS syrmetHe Le nor -rorstinve oe 3K emomaive ere =” warshai’s Aigovitm => ——prdmg, me fooret Clears e oO weCNT Cem Noxious wens op R iS quite mmpencicd Awe _1a34 a Werrahars of xe an otemaine Gar exffisert metrrd. fiom es Ahe -eeNSsAne closuR - GWorahai's ontam ts baad 0 tne comsnuct7 i a seer te wesw —one Matxices. Giese Mateices a Wo, wh, —--- Wn Ghose ver (3 FIR and ashose 1am tomm {5S me Scanned by CamScannerP— Column g- wu g. | 415253,4) acd ler @ |Fmd -panbiive clocas "RQ = (238 4 —— — | Jens oy | _ : | Me=™e =. 2 fi fo to - | 3 oot | ~ 1 o® IP - — - I + [Eye col: We her 0S ot C22ID and Cls2d aia ! At cet) Qs Clo2) odd (iG) Fe cose in We 264 = wis | of foo | 7 2 [left of 2 [ofofot a 4 Lofoloe md wa 80 nat =e. wh he VS oF ERT locefin 1 and 2 gf Colum 2 erO and toCattin 1,2 and & of ectemry 2. oO Roe che Poe C22) e a= C31) Qe=C4s2) AgsC Lod) add era) A GE PD CLC bOdC 1989 5 CLIX 2227C% 9) 1 2 3 4 iy tfrfo Wes 2 t 4] ° 3 o o [SO] I - 4 L o 0 J/9O/]o Be cCempule We qa se cmet ESS we hep WS ox jocattm tand 2 of eum 8 5 se tocar 4 of ww S. ead=c Ps pao ie Scanned by CamScanner aclncemnte Pi= Cl,8) ‘ Pas C258) a a. = C49 ——— | add CPG) mH Were Clot) and Co,4) a { (2 8 4 [= Mes (Pt ret | 2fuo wrt I alooo°0! i 4[ oo © 0 | | Fray we be 5 9 loca ‘5223 of e | cownn 4 and 90 MS in woo + [a Ree = We |} | the pecceedunc tiuateded mothe akyve crams | Yied> -tre Fpotowe7g osgoatinm PUTS » | matic, trond Hive Jotodhre . of OQ waco iS |wepoeented by NXN WMafeta Tage me Puocedex. Wershnt! CMR =n xn cewo-eme Maria) We e || beam Q Closure CT {DV CCloaurccr KIA “) | Clesuce CF 35). ereakere ex a end oo (Reijand RCS Scanned by CamScanner Athe. -Frndilive Clozune, nied by ws Find 90 A=41,0,3,43 R=£i.02,61999¢ toa Se ©3519C35 eS. CAA DY Feo a We priate R Panna e 8.1 C298 IC%4 ICS 2964 A453) ¢ C1542 249, eisai 3 Rs ei Aaa Aigqotor | => 12 8 4 | 1 Tt oo 4 [ woe a @ffiij}t oo 7 a + flor tt oO Wp Fed V5 atm 8 sow & I* comms, i sow & 24 Gowen and oF coo & 4h Gn i ond arato & ad zoo & IF column. ba cael) PCED Sicko QeC tse) Qe C154) add Gig)) MA Gp EL Ctt9Ch 92 Cha4VCSo!? CB027 C34) 1294 ifr jos ffelofo 7 L]tfe t | olt}it Wo ae e PH) = C Pic toed Pa CSok> PeC452) GC Bo*) ladd CW om Woe EL C W943 C 8249 C454) \ [2 Joh] Wee 2/0 o/O}1 . SFr [5] - iB yl C+) HC BP " FelSo%) —— 19CB94) add Cty) 17 De 1-20 4519C 4909494) Scanned bv CamScannerdlascmate res _ | 1 i ‘oft We= 2/9 9 O}f 3]! oft] 1 a f(t 1 ACis4) Pp C%24) Pal B54) Pa C424) %C4o12 92C45% IS C4239 940454) add i.9453 1] @e he Chg 1DC1g LICIGBIC N94 CBONICL9AICH BNE 4) 3519635 2IC35BIC3,4 C491 IC 4929 C4934 94) 1234 Wa = prot { 2 boaeto Syri tt after or ig : ’ W9C252), TP FSORSVe Closure 1S TOWMCIZtIC s39Ci 247, Cho! CEs 9 CD oA VE BylDCBGODCB2 BICB AIA SI ICH SAIC BIH ADY Partial ondering Reuations => isa A binasy Relation Ron a memempty ser A soansHine. posto! osdes) if R iS Wefleive , aTHsymMehiS and The ondesved PUT TAR 5 coed o padany cooderadd er oo POSET. 7 awe area °<7 iS Parkas ovder asec om SA N of areal Pumbess . T +o denote an pontiay ovdeo @e git ur gmbd < ambit Tar or an Thu it ogb meas Rb ig .-the couvespercding pootias oles waotin R. aad CAS) poset. tl Scanned by CamScanner) Hl claseorate . —r I #| Hasse Diagram >> : l == © Fosde can be “aepictes by | digwaphs. Hogeves mot Sic @ay 10 descsibe ~~ | oN pose is by Hosse diagvon. | A Hesse cliogwaen Two aimee resin o digsaph. s ~ =r SiSt of fouioqmirng “wus — LU AW ata hetldo “thot Uppeas om the fe oe | omitted. VW loops awe omitted = # ie implied by Sofie Srey on ac C > iS Mok PoEett 7 tre VO | ai WR is a ONS t | PoNewres 12 prEent a +0 6 Yomy ‘¢ heme iS MO elemert C Such Fak axe ard c Haze diogzan. eo A wei R is poshas omer ¢ eis eee onkiayemersia ond tennsitive. o-Rah €2,0.9,C0 54) CPa6IE B299C S09 GAat 5s Coney aka =| R iS exe SIV C2329C3.3964,4) CGS ER ae OE je is GrRB MES “F C2549,0.06),696) €R bak C4 2Ce,09CC.39¢ F R iS abo toonsitive TN Henne R ‘SaPportas ondes, Horse diagren Fa esr NY ; 7 __ mN ZA SF 2 $s —_—a Seanned by CamScanner| = A= 1132234), ; R= 16131301, 29C @, 29 C054) C153) CB,39C 3549 CIA ICA} |jthen Shew Arete R iS a Prdial ostles and doa || > pyasse chagaan . => R is Plexive > C1,19C 2522633304, 49ER. [ Ris aneShmmetie -761,09¢2,49C1,39e3,0clA) ER bur C219C452C3,19C45 9904219 ER [Ris +eansitve a |= R isepowka oudes. {| Hasse Sysco = 4 — Chains and Antichaing =~ chains — Let CAsx2 b& a POS. . . a A subset of A iS canes oO oho it every Par Gt giemes a tre cubs: 1S weiated. y The . aumber 4 aemets in-me cham tS Called op lege, of Be Seat Antichaind — Ler CA,<) o se A atbser FA A i& Called an ontichain % nO wo disimer cements nm the subser ot sselated. Scanned by CamScanner 4 4Flsteral et etenver 7 a —_—~ Ka clemeok gh o posa (S Galled Navimed #18 mor lesS Ahan any elemo7k of the posd. ~ Pte “O18 Modimal in “the post cAs<) if tere fia Mo bEA such thot ozb] ~ Simiiauy ane element a pose is Called minimal if ts nor a des than oy paver —4 dhe i fie oO minima) if thes 19 No bEA auch not Tez] madea and minimal elements omc oy qo deeve wing a Hasee diagwan. Tat Masa eimets and mma elements ort dhe +oP and bee bottom elonenmS wm the teen —Goneides We pooet Ghosc Wansc chagver DW show bea. @hich eteseds oT mazrmal “and Gong oe PUMn7al qv So x 10 => athe mesmo elements art 12,00 ond 05. and the = minrmmal eiements om 2 and 6. Scanned by CamScanner ,vppes Bound ancl loa Bours =r Le+ CA3<) be a —these may be an clement jn thon or equal 4o qi tne elementa in a Pes _CAsg). HF anise ane LAN A 80ch thar 2 be oa lattice. : elements 0,6 eL for ary Pas S denoted by avb The leant upree Bound (4 Lube. by ve and rmeates lowes bound 1.2 Jasby 19 deroted by o.Ab me anb iS cated op the join ao and & lo and b. and arb iS Caotied ar the meet ae Dror operas ne meet ond jenn ot, seve foe Scanned by CamScannerBore Poopertes of Lattice = —— | Fos any etemerr o6L,s qvaz=a and aAa=a Ccrdenrotent Propertyt) Q]| pow any asb el aVCAAD=0 + | @oseuetion Property) oO ACONEDE a J Qe meer ond jom opewotin omc ansocatne - 7-2 oanckves = Cavbjvec @ ACbKACD = CAAPDACT 4)| Commutasve Pt! i PR anbs bNa ond adb= baa. Noo Distibaltve Latics — The wistibuiNe Fac loeb mot boid ee awe lose ~ 4Herce, called 7 a> Won DISSd DUNE Lattice . Consides +he Horse cicgeon a aren eto — e YO b ec Ad oa €ase_ bacevd) = bAe =b Ceacdvcbad) -ava =o ance BFA, 7. re DSR GrE laq doen nok hod “we ‘he iadtice . N Scanned by CamScanner|| Onivescar Bound& re . aan! AT elemert pin & tonics) eae *3 Calted univevsal 1owMen bound aels , ese] Similar an element 847 HH a ae % cote Oniviessas Uppee ound § qvewp a ELIA SH] | —the univewsay lOwee bound is denched by 0 and the unverel upper bound is denotes by A. Au I@ktice clo mot Rave the universal bownds, fSasrded Lattice — A \etice L {8 caled a bounded Lattce H+ hop a greatest elemest 4 and a least ler o|. y Jeg — 6 =40513 ; Pes) ={ P5007, 41 fos Ty The Power set PCS? af. the set S undes the operas wmiessecthen & UNI 18 Gunded tamce smee & WH ane leart eiemenr 3 pcs) and @ Ps is the goeaest tenet ot pcs). } | wistiberve Ledtices — Alaaaanccl A lagce L i& cotied Gistibwre Losice ie Saksfied the woaing ashibBurve ae 7 a ACbYad = CaAd)VGOAES WW anc bAed =Cavbs ACaNG), =k me Iattice (|, doe» not aqrisfits The aksve “ppesty twer 1S aaited ~ non disbuBehe _lostiee. Scanned by CamScanner ,> Let A denote the Shoo “Wat the Gel q an div Latnce ot % on ciniswrs “of aS. A =A lsda3a%> So Voto 13.369 s Ris o wear ‘QA IS a oer Ye R= 4fCis29C 1,3) Clad dCiy AVEISAICL 32” SeIgtBD C3 SD — Cost) OAD CO KIC Lg! HCH B)2C B30 C32395 C226) 3CHV> CB,12) gC 32'B C30 C4» C453129 C430 CEs OC SaI2ICE3'B 75 C6536>5 CAST) CAB) 5CAs BEICILIAZICI2 36ICV Bul BIC 18,36,C3639)5 and anb= aed 4a564 avb = tom fa,by “he Hanse dingsom 0, 36 CARD iS a anat ev SPS Cleaw Peer) me HOSE & clenenrs Yasby hoy ub a by onb oro given by aAbL Hence CA,2> iS Lagtice - Sea canner canned by CamScanner— ‘sPpeciat cians i sreasion . __ *| inca aad > el ee eee se | A fect fom Ate @, denoted a 2 A—*8, 1S a Seated m AwoS eacy her be thee exists’ g unique b ER SUH Er Cosby EP. we cor conte =e @os=b and gcaoac qnend bac eq— Ler AMG} ond BHARATI Ord q Aq 161562549, C93724 Deteemine whemes ime given weiato iS questa. Sp gens 4P) Fea Fees 2) 8 a funckn ainee each ee gn? omsst rs a sm 2” element. N || Repscserti-dion unciion — A uncHen coh be oepoepented in Geeticet and +abuad : —le A be o St a howe & B be ase 8 cows. Ther 0 punchin fem A to © 19 07 Narsignmech Caters pain tre houwbed ee ca =o gomee gow 8 gear= % qeer= @ [Sere fer a a alu b = lo - 5 c - % d fu Eo” — vf Scanned by CamScanner ,Domain of a ee Ler be a Bunctin A i& Call domain “4 7 Dom Cy). Co- domain NON eT = Ler Af Be Wo wy Ato B.-mc se BR is catied ~ co-domain # the gbrena & danctess- = mage t an element — A Coscenpends +o SB Ip the elemett oO under Hen tren be et image Go undes fo oS : Gg St [gc =5] : a is shoe eq — N” Ler Agdisesasay & ane qn & wm ane | igus. Fmd W 4ne ee eon element 4 A i) the image ROA? Ot ane quncien ¢ ji \ bl a | . 4 =Szithe ma ch= & & % ‘=o = yea = | gca= | W the Tmoge fea> Gf Tre forchn 4 consis an the wna vauuea, = ZoM? = 41233 __ Scanned by CamScanner 4x Range Lee = —— 7 wan, ¢ a qen chins iS ‘me set nm. be3 fmages ot HS” cor an ‘ones ooeda, we con Say thad it 18 the Suboct eG WS Co-domain. is = denoted a> Rene ee te oo and =4¢2,a9¢3563, 64,699 Find doeiasi, Go-domain ond wange of the cfeneton. eo [ES Domain BP dunetied 18 demain C4 =4 253245 Ce-domam Aerchin 1s Co-domamnePd =fasbse¥ Rompe at function 1S Ronge cps f ob} ¥| Tees ae luncHong — 1S onto som BugjecHve Gurction => RK fonckia Fam Ado @ is said to be onto funch e ent elemet Gf 8 is the wage “of one oF em elements af A. = S e asa caiied apn suplechye funcken. ea — ST Ter A =4150,334) Brfaszb,cad} and P= AClsAICL IAI, 3,4 IC49C9,C9 269 3 —— ( 2 b Ss c + d @ev= a _ fc ee gees 450 GCS = Ronc f= fo.b.cady= 8 so this queer (9 gstto os _eusjechys functm Scanned by CamScannerelceaabe, Qzs— Oo) 2 onc +0 One oF Sr feotves Aan > one | an een en ee SB Solid 40 be +o om quero ¢ Ao 405 elements f A hove” tne gome im : = 1S azo ed a> Wpjechs function. Jeg — : je Le+ A =4122.3,4} Befoj,b.cdscy ~—— & [__ B= 408d, C2,€9,65.0,C43d 0 ry =6 ~e l ges oye e g@cwse & ¢ a ae @eze = | c43ad 805 thie qunotia TS ore 40 onc OS injeckhve guncten, gS] one +o ome oto Ayncia oF Bijeckhve Punches = A quote Poon A i @ 1 oad to be o ome +o tne onloY funchm. i 1S beth on ene +o ome and onto Gunster. SS coud Zt iS abo cated ap btjcckve aunchin. eq— Lek A=4 (5203544 Bodasb.cod ¥ 4 24 Clab) C2 yCIZCSIAI,CHIAIY | yen = ' 1 o | CRI=C Be ges. Ft Mi | gcH=e : 1 1 So nis nS me fo Me Ome ow byjectne puncte « G Scanned by CamScanner——_| ee — Al] Evesyaah or. as qerctin a a SA afer ope — — [= evoyeh ove defmed if Dom cp =A _ | Vite A aatay Batasbecd oy, 20 ; _ | @aiCl.e 809,507 . Se: by oe _ Geos c 3 7c —_ gece 2b = i femaa - Tom cp 4 152.89 = = 7 7 here dafimed . The gue quachin ra Ss even ef - LChary Y za) % | Compensation sf functm Compete Facer y= ~ Aeits23y) let f# be oO “sunctin feo A to 8 ~ 243,438) Cie Pr A—*8) ord g be a dunce fem ~ CHEF EY B to CY Cie 9: Bo) - eae te=) “thay tre “Grmpoatnn 4 A ond gS denoted BteD WE > and if @ celaiin~ “A toc. > We? here [gofcod = gegen Fee ee ‘Us a #] pigeonhole puadpe >> “SFr 18 @So cqgied oF diwihter dwoasparsae os 4te ghee bow poruplic. These — Te n- Pigems ane ozaiqned “tom [ Pigenboie & m | gem tre “seme groip. at wk Teo of ibes @nr Ree been Gan on) tre Sara day of the week io: ead) Pessen CPigjeed 13 onaighed to ee, the q@eck C Pigeerhole 5 om Ghin he os St {g- “here gnc — Pople & only seen doys t ‘me Meck. w e whe pt Hole pomaPe 4aiS~trar +o Pope mer be absigned to re Some day of te cece. pe Q.|| shoo thar fh any “Sx rambens (+o @ ane Chosen, tne wo! of ween win dd uplo S =F omarucr te Ses Sas loltota Hak Oatkains 0 members net add upto ab Aotwown— Av = 41339 Ag={QoF} Ags{S.61 Aa =1405y. Ean of te number Oxsen must Bary to one af nex, ser. = e Sarre thesc ane 4 Sets & GP hove ty, chose Ss rumbens - 7 the Pigembote PemMdpic +a W shat -kro0 oh she chosenY numbew ‘beomg 40 the Sue Set s hee Nenbes add uptoy gs: | || Extended pit Vole peindpic = rf trex ape om pigembholed & mas than Om pigems then Aneee OF More pigeme ont hove +o ke Nosetgned 40 atleast ome at me prgemhde S Eee et Cmy ategen part) Cé/e) CWJe2 Cu) ee Scanned by CamScanner| Theower — ' : =¢ n- Piges oe, orsigned to mam a Serine. 448) one i thew Fgemboi es mesh aHteast ((Fn-1)/m PH Pigers - _ @. || ath00dt- if any So people qoe Seected, TH=5 Ge may Gese a aubse at S sonar all DT O88 bom on -re Some day gf me @eek =p 4 we Consider pers ap pigjen 8s. Gay Meck Od PiJembole. Then ao: egens ~~ ad oder ed +0 F Pigembroten.« By iethended Pige hole pemapie - Gin ee me PFs wate net (@o-1) 14 rts fea a = 2a/¢ $1 = 4H e600 OU ’ So S people Mut have been bom an He sane ai Men Gee =-