Global Governance

Presented by :
|Andrian Faeldin
|Lynabel Farinas
| Ana Freda Fabale
Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students will
be able to:

● Define Global Governance

● Discuss The role and functions of United
Nations(UN).

● Discuss The Relevance of State Amidst

Globalization
● D is cus s The Cha llenges o f G lo ba l
Governance
 What is Global
Governance?
Global govenance is understood as "...The
way in which global affairs are managed".
As there is no global government, global
governance typically involves a range of
actors including states, as well as regional
and international organizations. However, a
single organization may nominally be given
the lead role on an issue, for example the
World Trade.
Global governance is a product of neo-liberal
paradigm shifts in international political and
economic relations. The privileging of capital
and market mechanisms over state authority
created governance gaps that have
encouraged actors from private and civil
society sectors to assume authoritative roles
previously considered the purview of the
State.
This reinforces the of views about how to define
the concept of global governance, issues that are
of the utmost importance and priority. Some
scholars argue that global governance as it is
practiced is not working (Coen and Pegram, 2015:
417), while others believe that global governance
is constantly adapting by readjusting strategies
and approaches to solutions and developing new
tools and measures to deal with issues that
impact communities throughout the world (Held
and Hale, 2011).
According to Lawrence Finkelstein
, "We say 'govemance' because we
don't really know what to call what
is going on. "9 in this section, we
Klaus Dingwerth and Philipp
Pattberg 187 test this claim
against the background of the use
of the term global governance in
contemporary academic writings
As Thomas Weiss has observed
, "Many academics and
international practitioners employ
'governance' to connote a
complex set of structures and
processes, both public and
private, while more popular
writers tend to use it
synonymously with 'government."
Criticisms
However, there have been criticisms by some against the idea of
global governance.
For example, the WHO (2015) points out some arguments that
critics make, namely that "Critics argue that global govenance
mechanisms support the neo-liberal ideology of globalization and
reduce the role of the state (and thus its sovereignty) to that of an
adjusting body for the Implementation of international policies.
Some argue that, as a result, the interests of the poorest people and
nations will be ignored unless they have a direct impact on the
global economy.
 Gaps
There are a number of gaps within global governance systems: For example, the World
Health Organization (2015) argues that three primary gaps exist. Namely:

1. The Jurisdictional gap, between the increasing need for global

govemance in many areas such as health-and the lack of an
authority with the power, or jurisdiction, to take action

2 . The Incenti ve g ap , b etween the need for i ntem ati onal

cooperation and the motivation to undertake it. The Incentive gap is
said to be closing as globalization provides increasing impetus for
countries to cooperate. However, there are concems that, as Africa
lags fur ther behind economically, its inf lu ence on global
govemance processes will diminish
 Gaps
There are a number of gaps within global governance systems: For example, the World
Health Organization (2015) argues that three primary gaps exist. Namely:

3. The Participation gap, which refers to the fact that intemational

cooperation remains primarily the affair of governments, leaving
civil society groups on the fringes of policy-making. On the other
ha nd , g l o b a l i z a ti o n o f c o m m uni c a ti o n i s fa c i l i ta ti ng the
development of global civil society movements."
Thakur & Weiss (2015) argue that there are f ive particular "gaps" in global
governance. They are as follows:

•Knowledge Gaps

•Normative Gaps

•Policy Gaps

•Institutional Gaps

•Compilance Gaps
Knowledge gaps

It is important because if we do not know the seventy of

a problem, or if we the resources to investigate a
particular issue, then this could become diff ic ult for
effective global governance.
Thus, if we don't have information or not only do we not
know how problematic an issue is, but it can then also
affect how we go about trying to resolve or remedy that
situation.
Normative Gaps

Follow knowledge gaps. After we understand that an issue exists, it is

to establish and develop noms to address that problem. This often
forms within societies, but intemational organizations such as the
United Nations also have a role to form law on the issues (Thakur &
Weiss, 2015).
Noms are important they "matter because people- citizens as well as
politicians and officials-care about what others think of them" (Thakur &
Weiss, 2015: 32). Thus, individuals, organizations, and international
organizations can work to set norms on various issues, whether they
are economic trade, environmental issues, or human rights, as well as
many other issues.
Policy Gaps

Related to the specifically policies that one can implement in

order to address the stated problem. When we speak of policy,
we are talking about "the articulated and linked set of
governing principles and goals, and the agreed programs of
action to implement those principles and achieve those goals"
(Thakur & Weiss, 2015: 33).
There are many actors this process. Individuals and NGOs can
call for policies, and the state itself can introduce and
establish policies towards these problems.
Institutional Gaps
Are the challenges of implementing any policies that are put
forth by the international community. If we are speaking about
environmental rights abuses, institutional gaps would include
any failures of effective mechanisms to ensure that
environmental law is in place. For war crimes, the idea is that
the International Criminal Court will be there to hold state
leaders accountable for their actions.
If we are speaking about human rights, one could look to the
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) for
refugee issues, the Office of the Commission for Human Rights,
or the Human Rights Council.
Compliance Gaps
Are one of the f in al challenges with regards to global
governance. This includes effective implementation, as well
as enforcement. Amongst the challenges is the fact that
'recalcitrant or fragile may be unwilling or unable to
implement agreed elements of Intemational policy, for
example a ban on commercial whaling, the acquisition of
proliferation- nuclear technology and material, or the cross-
border movement of terrorist material and personnel"
(Thakur & Weiss, 2015: 36).