Indian Wind Power

A BI-MONTHLY MAGAZINE OF INDIAN WIND TURBINE MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION

JUNE - JULY 2024 indianwindpower.com

VOL. 10 • ISSUE 2
` 10.00

Offshore Wind
India's Next Frontier in Clean Energy

INSIDE
06
Accelerating Offshore
Wind in India

18
Leveraging Lidar to
Harness India’s Offshore
Potential

33
Celebrating Global Wind
Day 2024
Executive Committee
Mr. K. R. Nair
CONTENTS JUNE - JULY2024 Vol. 10 • Issue 2

Director
Emergya Wind Turbines Private Limited
Chennai 02 From the Executive Committee - IWTMA

Mr. R.P.V. Prasad

CEO - India Region
Envision Wind Power Technologies India
04 Stepping Up to the Challenges of Offshore Wind
An Interview with Srijith Menon
Private Limited Mumbai
Mr. Hemkant Limaye
Senior Director - Sales & Marketing
06 Accelerating Offshore Wind in India
Denmark and India’s Collaboration
APAC & ME & Africa, LM Wind Power
Bengaluru
Dr. Saravanan Manickam 08 Latest Challenges in Offshore Farm Development
A Look at Offshore Farms in the U.S.
Country Head (VP India)
Nordex India Private Limited, Bengaluru
Mr. Amit Kansal 18 Leveraging Lidar to Harness India’s Offshore Wind Potential
CEO & MD
Senvion Wind Technology Private
Limited, Mumbai 23 Yaw Backup System
Emergency Power Supply for Extreme Weather Conditions
Mr. A. Gurunathan
Head of Government Affairs
(India & APAC) 30 Charting a Green Course: India’s Offshore Wind Horizon
An Interview with Bibhu Nayak
Siemens Energy, Chennai
Mr. J P Chalasani
Group CEO
Suzlon Energy Limited, New Delhi
33 Celebrating Global Wind Day 2024

Mr. K. Bharathy
CEO & Managing Director
37 Industry News

Windar Renewable Energy Private

Limited, Vadodara, Gujarat
38 Onshore vs. Offshore Wind Energy
Mr. Sivaperumal Murali
Head - Sales and Marketing
ZF Wind Power Private Limited
40 Counting Down to Windergy India 2024
Coimbatore

Secretary General
Mr. Anant Naik
IWTMA
New Delhi

Views expressed in the magazine are those Indian Wind Turbine Manufacturers Association
of the authors and do not necessarily reflect
those of the Association, Editor, Publisher or
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Author’s Organisation.
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Website : indianwindpower.com (For Internal Circulation only)
This Issue of Indian Wind
Power has been designed by Cover image: The cover photo is a composite image created by an artist, and is for representational
PDA Trade Media, Bengaluru. purposes only.

Indian Wind Power | June - July 2024 I1

 From the Office of IWTMA
Dear Friends,

Greetings from IWTMA!

Our nation is blessed with a vast coastline, and possesses an abundant untapped
resource in the form of offshore wind. The winds that sweep across our seas carry
immense potential to power our homes, industries, and to drive our economic
growth. In this special issue on Offshore Wind, we delve into the opportunities and
challenges that lie ahead as we begin to harness the power of offshore wind here
in India.

Estimates suggest India’s offshore wind capacity at over 300 GW within 50 nautical
miles of our coast. That there is immense potential was firmly established by the
approval on 19 June 2024 of the Viability Gap Funding (VGF) scheme for offshore
wind energy projects.

The VGF scheme’s total outlay of ₹7,453 crore includes ₹6,853 crore for installation
and commissioning of 1 GW of offshore wind energy projects (500 MW each off the
coasts of Gujarat and Tamil Nadu), and a grant of ₹600 crore for the upgradation
of two ports to meet the logistics requirements of offshore wind energy projects.

Offshore wind was also quite extensively discussed in Chennai on 29 May 2024
during IWTMA’s pre-event for the Global Wind Day celebrations. We had the
privilege of hearing from Shri Lalit Bohra, Joint Secretary, MNRE, and Dr. Rajesh
Katyal, Director General, NIWE, aling with other stalwarts of the industry. One of
the primary challenges is the high cost of offshore wind projects, which stems
from the complex engineering and logistical requirements involved in constructing
and operating wind farms at sea. Technology advances and economies of scale
were discussed and debated. One thing is for sure: India’s strong manufacturing
capability holds a lot of promise - not just in India, but within the region. And,
as Shri Bhupinder Singh Bhalla, Secretary, MNRE, stated at the Delhi meet for
Global Wind Day on 15 June, “Once India develops the ecosystem and expertise
for offshore wind, we can also help neighbouring countries set up offshore wind
farms.”

Momentum behind offshore wind in India is clearly building, and we at IWTMA

welcome all the positive steps taken thus far. As for the Association, we have
had the privilege to welcome two new members to our Executive Committee:
Mr. Jayarama Prasad Chalasani, Group CEO – Suzlon Group, and Mr. Amit Kansal,
CEO & MD - Senvion India. Their experience and ideas will propel the Association
to new heights.

We wish all our readers a happy Global Wind Day. We need to work together to
ensure that offshore wind becomes a key pillar of India’s renewable energy mix
and a catalyst for a cleaner, greener, and more prosperous future.

With regards,
The Executive Committee Members of IWTMA

2 I Indian Wind Power | June - July 2024

Indian Wind Power | June - July 2024 I3
OPINION

Stepping Up to the Challenges

of Offshore Wind
S
rijith Menon is Head - Green Business of Aban Power Limited, a
group company of the Aban Group.

In his previous role, Srijith led the UK Government’s work on Offshore An Interview with
Wind across South Asia, establishing milestone partnerships between
both the countries, and was part of the Offshore Wind taskforce for Srijith Menon
Tamil Nadu. He played a strong role in shaping up the vision of the
Danushkodhi Offshore Wind testing centre, Asia Pacific’s first Offshore
Wind testing facility and worked closely with India’s National Institute of
Wind Energy (NIWE).
He has also contributed and co-authored publications around offshore
wind and trade economics, most recently with the Global Wind Energy
Council (GWEC) on the offshore wind potential for India.
As the excitement about India’s foray into offshore wind ramps up, Srijith Menon
answers some questions about some of the inevitable challenges the wind industry will
face while developing offshore farms.

On Turbine Selection

With India’s diverse coastal conditions, what factors will determine the
most suitable wind turbine technology for different project locations?

The selection of the most suitable wind turbine technology for different project
locations in India primarily depends on site characteristics and developer
preferences. Ideally, the goal is to deploy the best turbine technology available
that maximises generation and performance. India has potential
for both fixed and floating offshore wind structures. Fixed
installations are typically used where the seabed
depth does not exceed 50-60 meters. For deeper
sea projects, floating offshore wind structures are
more appropriate.

Regarding turbine technology, it is crucial to recognize that turbines

successful in other markets, such as Europe, may not necessarily
perform well under Indian conditions unless they are specifically tested
and adapted for the Indian subcontinent. Factors such as temperature,
dust, and other environmental conditions must be considered. Additionally, the
availability of turbine models suitable for Indian wind regimes is critical.

On Local Manufacturing

How can India develop a domestic supply chain for offshore wind
turbine components to create jobs and reduce reliance on foreign
imports?

It remains uncertain as to what extent the Indian supply chain is prepared to

support the upcoming offshore wind sector and what support the Government

4 I Indian Wind Power | June - July 2024

 OPINION

will provide for manufacturing and R&D present to them and also address their On Environmental Concerns
initiatives. Although the overall capability genuine concerns regarding this.
of domestic companies is currently limited How are offshore wind farm
and none have experience in offshore While these challenges are significant, developers addressing potential
wind, it is important to remember that I believe there are always solutions, environmental concerns like marine
India is one of the few countries capable and risks can be mitigated. One way to life impact and habitat disruption
of manufacturing the entire onshore wind address some of these challenges is to
during construction?
supply chain. promote the localisation of components
and services early on. This would allow Environmental impact is a top priority for
India has a robust onshore wind Indian companies to start investing and the offshore wind sector globally. Offshore
ecosystem, which has been developed developing capabilities and solutions wind energy helps avoid the release
and operated successfully for years, tailored to the offshore wind sector in of harmful greenhouse gases and air
excelling in various aspects of engineering, India. pollutants by replacing aging fossil fuel
design, and manufacturing. India is a land plants. However, it is crucial for developers
of innovation, with a strong commitment India has the technical knowledge and
to adopt a nature-conscious approach and
to leveraging the best available resources capability; it’s just that offshore wind is
use the best available industry practices
to develop next-generation technology. I a new sector that requires the industry
to minimise environmental impact during
am confident that India’s domestic supply to evolve and adapt to its unique
the construction of offshore wind farms.
chain will evolve over time, significantly requirements. By fostering local innovation
contributing to the offshore wind industry and investment, we can build a robust Here are several ways this is being
and increasing our localization factor to offshore wind industry in India. achieved:
50% by 2035. - Continuous monitoring for the presence
On Grid Integration of and impact on marine wildlife during
On Technical Challenges construction.
Integrating large-scale offshore
What are the biggest technical - Curtailing, which involves slowing or
wind into the existing Indian power stopping turbine blades when animals
challenges India faces when grid presents challenges. How can
constructing offshore wind farms, are present or expected to be present.
this be addressed effectively?
and what solutions are being - Using deterrent technology to
explored to mitigate them? Grid integration is a critical aspect for discourage animals from approaching
the success of offshore wind in India. spinning turbine blades.
The challenges of offshore wind in India While similar to onshore wind in concept, - Reducing marine life impact during
have been a topic of discussion for a long integrating large-scale offshore wind construction and operation by using
time. The usual suspects include: farms into the existing grid requires unique passive acoustic monitoring.
- High development costs (rising cost of considerations. Planning and designing
capital, materials, higher interest rates, offshore grids for India necessitate a - Conducting detailed environmental
different approach, taking into account impact assessments to plan offshore
input cost inflation, etc.) wind farm layouts with minimal to no
factors like the suitability of various
- Lack of infrastructure such as technologies such as HVAC, HVDC, and impact.
evacuation systems, ports, civil MVAC. - Ensuring strict adherence to local
infrastructure, etc.
environmental and regulatory
- Uncertainty around bidding and Based on the tender and project structure, requirements for marine environment
allocation of the seabed (though the it’s likely that initial projects in India will preservation.
tender has been issued, it remains to follow a model where developers build
be seen who will bid under the current evacuation infrastructure up to the pooling - Complying with speed restrictions
substation. From there, the transmission for vessels to minimize the risk of
model)
utility (CTU) would be responsible for interactions with marine wildlife.
- Availability of turbines connecting the power to the national - Avoiding construction during peak fish
- Insufficient resource data sets, grid. However, uncertainties remain spawning seasons to reduce impact.
particularly in Tamil Nadu regarding the roles of the CTU and state
- Collaborating with local fishing
transmission utilities (STUs) in power off-
- Lack of specialized offshore wind communities to map out fisheries
take from offshore wind projects.
construction and installation vessels resources and address concerns about
- Community engagement will also be The project’s viability hinges on the the impact.
a very important part of ensuring that effective off-take of power, emphasizing
Offshore Wind kicks off in India. It is the crucial role of India’s grid infrastructure. By implementing these measures,
necessary to engage, educate and Addressing these challenges will require developers can help ensure that the
bring on board the fishing communities collaborative efforts among developers, construction and operation of offshore
in Tamil Nadu and Gujarat and educate government entities, and grid operators to wind farms have minimal environmental
them about the alternate employment ensure seamless integration and optimal impact while contributing to cleaner
opportunities that the sector will utilization of offshore wind resources. energy production.

Indian Wind Power | June - July 2024 I5

COLLABORATION

Accelerating Offshore Wind

in India A wide range of activities and studies
are carried out within these four areas.
The objective is to increase the amount
of precise and relevant information,
Denmark and India’s Collaboration create a transparent process, and

for a Green Energy Transition in India

finally mitigate risk and uncertainties
for developers and the industry. By
mitigating risks, the CoE directly

I
n the first months of 2024, India energy grid effectively. Visits like these contributes to advancing offshore wind
and Denmark have opened bids for highlight the importance of knowledge projects and reducing associated costs.
huge offshore wind tenders. India’s sharing, which is why we in DEA have a
The vision for the CoE extends beyond
first-ever tender starts off with 4 GW, permanent advisor working from India
national boundaries, aspiring to be
while Denmark’s biggest tender to and frequently visit our partners.
recognised internationally as a leading
date launched a 6 GW tender. To help
India with a successful development Another way our collaboration knowledge non-profit knowledge hub for India’s
of offshore wind energy, Denmark and is shared is through the knowledge rapid advancement of offshore wind
India are cooperating on a cost-effective hub called the Centre of Excellence for energy. In the medium to long term, the
green transition in India. Offshore Wind and Renewable Energy CoE aims to expand its scope to include
(CoE). CoE is a joint initiative between a broader spectrum of international
In the coming years India needs an the MNRE and DEA, where MNRE is the governments and stakeholders. This
increasing amount of energy to supply host and DEA supports the CoE. This expansion facilitates the accumulation of
the growing population and support the initiative functions as a government-to- diverse experiences and best practices
country’s growing economy. government cooperation. By bringing in offshore wind, positioning the CoE
together industry, public authorities, as a regional center of excellence and
This is why India launched the 4 GW and civil society, the CoE plays a crucial knowledge dissemination.
offshore wind tender off Tamil Nadu’s role in facilitating and accelerating the
coast this year. This is one of the implementation of the Indian offshore
newer moves towards the country’s wind strategy and reaching their AUTHOR
first offshore wind development. With ambitious goals for renewable energy.
a coastline of more than 7600 km,
India has a huge potential to harvest Through collaboration across various
offshore wind energy. Combined with stakeholders, the CoE aims to be a
India’s ambitious goal of auctioning transparent and supportive environment
37 GW offshore wind by 2030, India conducive to offshore wind development
and Denmark have joined forces to in India. The CoE develops and spreads
accelerate the development of offshore best practices, methodologies, and
wind energy in India. The collaboration tools aimed at mitigating risks and
Mr. Alp Günsever,
is a strategic partnership between the reducing overall project costs related to
Head of Secretariat, Centre of
Danish Energy Agency (DEA) and key offshore wind. Leveraging over 30 years
Excellence for Offshore Wind and
Indian stakeholders like the Ministry of Danish expertise in areas such as
Renewable Energy, New Delhi, India
of New and Renewable Energy of India marine spatial planning and streamlined
(MNRE). permitting processes in offshore wind,
the CoE aims to streamline crucial
In Denmark, we recently opened for developmental processes.
bids for our biggest offshore wind
tender to date. The tender is on 6GW The CoE’s operational framework is The Center of Excellence for Offshore
and exceeds Denmark’s current structured around four thematic areas: Wind and Renewable Energy is a joint
offshore wind capacity of 2.3 GW. Our initiative between the Indian Ministry
firsthand knowledge of offshore wind 1. Spatial planning and permitting of New and Renewable Energy and
tendering processes was the key theme processes
Danish Energy Agency under the
of Bhupinder Singh Bhalla and Joint Indo-Danish Energy Partnership
2. Financial framework and auction
Secretary Lalit Bohra, from MNRE, Program. Their main focus is to
design
recent visit to Denmark. support policy development of
3. Grid and supply chain infrastructure Offshore Wind and to kickstart the
Part of the visit revolved around sector in India. Please visit www.coe-
forecasting techniques, a critical aspect 4. Technical standards and rules for osw.org for more details.
to integrate offshore wind into India’s innovation

6 I Indian Wind Power | June - July 2024

Indian Wind Power | June - July 2024 I7
TECHNOLOGY

Latest Challenges in Offshore

Wind Farm Development
A Look at Current Offshore Farms in the U.S.
Dr. Raj Shah, Cindy Huang and Gavin Thomas

Figure 1 displays a low-speed and high- wind in the last three years. In that time,

R
enewable energy speed shaft which transmits the kinetic however, U.S. developers of offshore
energy to the generator. The design is wind farms have been facing difficulties
has seen increasing still the default for new turbines as of which prevent proposed projects from
interest in recent years 2024. While land-based wind farms becoming a reality. If the U.S. wishes to
as the world makes efforts are currently the primary location for continue being a leader in wind energy
installation, Europe has been investing and catch-up to the rest of the world,
to transition away from fossil in offshore wind farms for decades. they must address the ongoing costs
fuels and natural gas. Wind Offshore winds are stronger and from inflation and interest rates, supply
Energy is currently the largest steadier making them more energy chain, and construction ship issues
efficient compared to land-based wind which are leading to developers pulling
renewable source of the farms. In contrast, the United States out from projects.
United States’ electricity [1]. has only entered the market for offshore
Wind energy is accessible
through wind turbines,
which are modern forms of
windmills. As wind flows over
the blades on a turbine, lift is
generated causing the blades
to turn. The turbine blades
causes a drive shaft to also
spin which allows a generator
to convert the kinetic energy
carried by wind into electrical
energy [2, 3]. Drive shafts are
instruments which transmit
torque.
Figure 1. Diagram of a wind turbine’s inner components [3].

8 I Indian Wind Power | June - July 2024

 TECHNOLOGY

History of Wind Energy in the wind markets in the world, with a total are stronger and steadier, as shown in
United States capacity of 146 GW [5]. Wind turbines Figure 2, leading to the development
of offshore wind farms. In addition,
are 10.3% of the United States’ utility
The first onshore wind farm in the world scale—facilities capable of producing offshore farms are not limited by any
was built in 1980 by US Windpower. The over 1 MW electricity generator nearby infrastructure constraints
farm was located in New Hampshire, capacity—electricity generation [3]. allowing bigger more efficient turbines
United States and consisted of 20 to be built, as seen in Figure 3 [6]. The
turbines each with a 30 kW capacity Traditionally wind turbines have been blades of offshore wind turbines can be
[4]. Today the U.S. is one of the largest built on land, but winds on the sea greater than 330 feet long [6].

Figure 2. Diagram displaying the average wind speeds on land and off the coast of the United States [6].

Figure 3. Turbine size increases and predictions over the years as offshore wind turbines are developed [6].
Indian Wind Power | June - July 2024 I9
TECHNOLOGY

Future Technologies
Offshore wind turbines are typically
in shallow waters with fixed bottom
supports, meaning the turbine is
mounted directly to the seafloor. This
limits installations to depths of less than
60 meters due to cost and construction
challenges [6]. However, approximately
two-thirds of the U.S. wind resources
are located in depths beyond 60 meters
[6]. As a result, floating offshore wind
turbines are being looked into as a
potential option. The general structure
consists of a buoyant support structure
that is anchored to the sea floor with
long cables, also called mooring lines
[6]. There are many structures being
developed according to a site’s various
characteristics such as seabed soil
composition, climate, and weather.
These structures, exemplified in Figure
4, must be capable of withstanding
strong waves, hurricanes, and the
general harsh marine environment.

In 2013, the University of Maine Figure 4. Illustration of various types of offshore wind turbines, the three on the left are
deployed a 1:8 scale test floating wind fixed bottom, the three on the right are floating [6].
turbine, the VolturnUS, with a 20 kW
capacity [6, 7]. The floating turbine, as
seen in Figure 5, was the first in the
United States and was composed of
a concrete-composite. The University
plans on building an even larger test
model using data collected from the
small model’s test deployment [7].

In Europe, floating wind turbines are

beginning to be used commercially. In
Portugal, Windfloat Atlantic has three
operational floating wind turbines, each
producing 8.4 MW, since 2020 [8].
In Norway a floating wind farm called
Hywind Tampen had been developed
with 11 turbines at 8.6 MW each [9].
Hywind has been fully operational
since 2023 and continues to serve
as a test bed for future offshore wind
design developments [9]. While floating
offshore developments look promising
right now, their use is still very far away.
There are a wide variety of planform
designs currently and it is still too
early for the industry to converge on
a common design for standardized
manufacturing. Chelsea Jean-Michael
from BloombergNEF predicts that even
a decade from now in 2034, floating
offshore will only make up less than 5%
of all offshore wind [10].
Figure 5. Test model of a floating offshore wind turbine from the University of Maine [7].
10 I Indian Wind Power | June - July 2024
 TECHNOLOGY

Current Offshore Farms in the South Fork Winds, located east of Farm and South Fork Wind, the two
U.S. Montauk, New York, was the United companies are also collaborating on
States’ first commercial scale wind Revolution Wind, an even larger offshore
In 2021, the Biden Administration farm, built by Ørsted who had acquired farm off the coast of Rhode Island and
announced efforts to install at least Deepwater Wind and Eversource [13]. Connecticut [13, 16]. The farm will be
30 GW of offshore wind energy by The wind farm was made operational in the first commercial development for
2023, spurring increased development March of 2024, producing 11 MW per Ørsted and Eversource and is expected
[6]. Currently companies leading turbine and a combined total of 132 MW to become operational in 2025 [16]. The
development of offshore wind farms of electricity to approximately 70,000 wind farm is estimated to be capable of
are Ørsted (formerly known as DONG), homes on Long Island [14]. The CEO of powering 350,000 homes, with a 304
Deepwater Wind, Eversource, Avangrid, Ørsted says South Fork Wind is proof MW capacity for Connecticut and a 400
Copenhagan Infrastructure Project, and that offshore wind farms are possible MW capacity for Rhode Island [16].
Dominion Energy. and beneficial despite the challenges of
development in the U.S. [13]. Ørsted is continuing to further develop
The first offshore wind farm built in the even more offshore wind farms
United State was the Block Island Wind In late 2024, a second commercial scale individually, one of which being Sunrise
Farm, located in Rhode Island [6, 11]. The offshore wind farm, Vineyard Wind, is Wind off the coast of Long Island, New
pilot wind farm, built by Deepwater Wind, expected to open for operation [13]. York [17]. Eversource plans to sell its
began operations in 2016 and consisted Vineyard Wind is located off the shore 50% ownership of Sunrise to Ørsted [18].
of five turbines with a combined 30 of Massachusetts and already five of its In addition, Ørsted plans on continuing
MW capacity. These turbines replaced expected 62 turbines are operational. development on Skipjack Wind despite
the five diesel generators previously Each turbine has a capacity of 13 MW, issues with the selling of electricity once
used to provide electricity to Block leading to a combined total of 800 the farm is completed [19].
Island residents, powering 100% of MW, enough to power 400,000 homes
Block Island’s electricity needs [12]. In and businesses [15]. Avangrid and Figure 6 below shows more projects
addition, the wind farm connected Block Copenhagen Infrastructure Project lead currently in discussions or development
Island’s electricity grid to the mainland the farm’s development. as the U.S. works to meet the 30 GW
for the first time, allowing an additional offshore wind goal.
12,500 homes on the mainland to be In addition to Ørsted and Eversource’s
powered [12]. development of the Block Island Wind

Figure 6. Map of current and future offshore wind farm developments [20].
Indian Wind Power | June - July 2024 I 11
TECHNOLOGY

Financial and Supply Chain turbines and must rely on Europe for small for turbine components [21]. For
Issues turbine manufacturing, construction the turbines in Block Island the nacelles
ships, and the experienced workforce (a component that contains the drive
In the past few years, rampant inflation, [21]. shaft and generator) were over 400 tons
increasing interest rates, and rising and had needed to be lifted over 330
costs of steel and copper have made The essentials of a strong supply chain feet to the top of the turbine [23].
development of new wind farms for offshore wind development are
especially difficult in the United States facilities—factories, ports, vessels—to For the wind farms in Block Island,
where the market for offshore wind is enable construction, securing contracts Coastal Virginia, and South Fork Wind,
in its infancy. In addition to financial between major manufacturers and European ships had to be hired to
issues, the U.S. is hit especially hard suppliers, and a trained and experienced perform the construction, but the Jones
due to laws and regulations such as the workforce for the construction and Act prevented the ships from operating
Jones Act which limits activity out of U.S. manufacturing of turbines [22]. Most out of U.S. ports. For the first two
ports to only ships built and operated in of all, for the supply chain to be stable, turbines in Dominion Energy’s Coastal
the U.S., thus greatly hindering the rate these essentials require a clear and Virginia project, the three ships hired
of development [21]. consistent plan for continuation and operated out of the Port of Halifax in
growth for years to come. Nova Scotia. One of the ships had the
Despite the recent offshore capacity of lifting 1654 tons and was
developments, the United States is Offshore turbines have been getting 459 feet long [21]. The two turbines took
vastly behind Europe and Asia in terms larger and larger in recent years to a year to construct, a feat that would’ve
of offshore wind farms. In 2021, Europe maximize efficiency and to capture taken only a few weeks in Europe. Much
had over 5400 offshore wind turbines energy at lower costs. A decade ago, of the delay was waiting weeks at a time
while the U.S. had exactly seven [21]. the average offshore turbine had a for the ships to travel over 800 miles
This discrepancy caused a few issues maximum capacity of 4 MW, today an each way to port [21]. Block Island also
for the U.S. during the building of Block average turbine produces 8 MW with had to hire a Norwegian ship and the trip
Island Wind Farm and South Fork Winds, 15 MW models coming soon [10]. The took two weeks each way. In addition to
as well as for the future endeavors newer turbines capable of 15 MW are construction times, cost is also a huge
mentioned previously. Walt Musial, the nearing the height of the Eiffel tower, factor as ships could cost anywhere
chief engineer of offshore wind at U.S. or close to 1000 feet. Offshore turbines from $140,000 to $250,000 per day
National Renewable Energy Laboratory, are constructed by transporting parts [23]. Currently a U.S. ship, Charybdis,
says the U.S. offshore wind market is at using large barges and erected using capable of turbine installation is under
least a decade behind established ones cranes mounted on large ships [6]. The construction in Texas by Dominion
in the United Kingdom and Denmark largest U.S. ship capable of offshore Energy. Charybdis can be seen in Figure
[10]. The U.S. does not currently have a construction is only 185 feet long and 7 and is expected to be completed by
strong supply chain set up for offshore capable of lifting 500 tons which is too late 2024 [10, 24].

Figure 7. Illustration of the expected Jones Act compliant ship, Charybdis [24].

12 I Indian Wind Power | June - July 2024

Indian Wind Power | June - July 2024 I 13
TECHNOLOGY

Recent inflation, high interest rates, andThe lack of wind farms or a strong U.S. Conclusion
supply chain issues have caused many offshore supply chain will also keep
companies to suspend their proposed offshore wind electricity prices high. There is no shortage of companies
projects not only in the United States butBlock Island was a prime test location willing to develop offshore wind farms
also abroad. However, the U.S. is taking for a pilot farm as the high costs of even with the current difficulties of
the brunt of the issues as their offshore offshore wind at $0.30 per kWh was inflation, high interest, and lack of a
wind market is not as well developed. cheaper than the diesel generators had developed supply chain. However, the
Equinor announced although it will previously costed residents $0.50 per issues listed above are not to be taken
continue going forward with Empire Wind kWh of electricity [25]. For reference lightly. Not even Europe is immune from
land turbine generated electricity costs
1, the first half of a two part project, it these same issues, despite their highly
has cancelled its Empire Wind 2 project only $0.06 per kWh [25]. Europe has mature supply chain. Furthermore,
[23]. The company cited as inflation, proven that increased development Vattenfall cancelled a large offshore
interest rates, and supply chains as and stronger supply chains will lead to project in the North Sea of the United
preventing the project from being viable lowered costs as the average is now Kingdom, citing rising costs as a main
in the near future [23]. $0.13 per kWh [25]. Figure 8 below factor [19]. In addition, the U.K.’s latest
predicts declining costs of offshore wind auction for offshore wind leases yielded
One part of the issue in recent years has generated electricity with comparison to no bids [10]. The only location that
been with how offshore wind projects Europe’s predicted costs [25]. seems to be immune from the rising
are built and financed. Developers set
up contracts for selling the electricity
long before the project has started
construction [10]. For example, projects
in 2024 would have been negotiated in
2019 or 2020. This becomes an issue
when there are rapid changes in the
economy in between negotiation and
construction. Inflation and supply chain
problems have increased the price of
turbine materials greatly, one being
steel which increased by over 50% [10].
The previously agreed on rates are no
longer sufficient in comparison to the
development cost needed. Even Ørsted,
a leading developer of offshore wind,
has cancelled their projects Ocean Wind
1 and 2 due to all the same issues cited
by Equinor as well as a lack of ships
[10]. Their Ocean Wind projects were
expected to provide 2.2 GW capacity to
New Jersey.

The United States is offering tax credits

as incentive for companies to build
out the offshore wind chain supply, as
much as 40% on a new wind farm [10].
However, qualifying for the full tax credit
requires only domestic materials to be
used, which is an issue with how reliant
the U.S. is on Europe for materials and
labor for offshore wind. If more U.S.
turbine capable ships were built, wind
farms could be constructed without
reliance from European supply chains
and ships and also much more quickly,
thus also preventing financial and
contractual issues that occur over the
years between the first agreements and Figure 8. Graph of estimated costs of offshore wind in the U.S. in comparison with new
finished development. predictions for costs in various locations in Europe [25].

14 I Indian Wind Power | June - July 2024

 TECHNOLOGY

costs plaguing the United States and

Europe is China who has nearly half
of the world’s installed offshore wind
capacity [10]. The steep competition
and quick development have actually led
to declining costs. If the United States is
able to push through these issues and
develop a strong supply chain, decrease
development times, and increase
competition for future lease bids, it
could cement themselves as a major
offshore wind leader.

AUTHORS The United States is offering tax credits as incentive for companies to build out the
Dr. Raj Shah serves in the role of offshore wind supply chain
Director at Koehler Instrument Company
in New York, with an impressive 28- Handbook,’ a bestseller that unravels Dr. Shah can be reached at rshah@
year tenure with the organisation. industry insights. koehlerinstrument.com
Recognised as a Fellow by his peers at
eminent organisations such as IChemE, In tandem with his role as an Adjunct This article was co-authored by Cindy
AOCS, CMI, STLE, AIC, NLGI, INSTMC, Professor at the State University of New Huang and Gavin Thomas, participants
Institute of Physics, The Energy Institute, York, Stony Brook, in the Department of the alternative energy internship
and The Royal Society of Chemistry, of Material Science and Chemical program at Koehler Instrument
he stands as a distinguished recipient Engineering, Dr. Shah’s impact spans Company. Cindy will soon graduate with
of the ASTM Eagle award. Dr. Shah, a over three decades in the energy a degree in Chemical Engineering at
veteran in the field, recently coedited the industry, with a prolific portfolio of over Stony Brook University, and Gavin just
highly acclaimed ‘Fuels and Lubricants 650 publications finished his degree.

Indian Wind Power

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Indian Wind Power magazine

is the leading media for the
wind sector in India.
Now Available in
E-flip format.

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Indian Wind Power | June - July 2024 I 15

TECHNOLOGY

Works Cited 14. South Fork Wind. “Welcome to South Fork Wind.”
Available: https://southforkwind.com/
1. U.S. Energy Information Administration. “Electricity
explained.” 2023. Available: https://www.eia.gov/ 15. Vineyard Wind. “Nation’s first commercial scale offshore
energyexplained/electricity/electricity-in-the-us.php wind project.” Available: https://www.vineyardwind.com/
vw1-1
2. National Grid. “The history of wind energy.” 2024.
Avaliable: https://www.nationalgrid.com/stories/energy- 16. Revolution Wind. “About Revolution Wind.” Available:
explained/history-wind-energy https://revolution-wind.com/about-revolution-wind

3. U.S. Energy Information Administration. “Wind explained.” 17. Sunrise Wind. “About Sunrise Wind.” Available: https://
2023. Available: https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/ sunrisewindny.com/about-sunrise-wind
wind/electricity-generation-from-wind.php
18. Reuters. “Denmark’s Orsted to take full ownership of
4. National Grid. “Onshore vs offshore wind energy: Sunrise Wind in NY.” 2024. Available: https://www.
what’s the difference?” 2022. Available: https://www. reuters.com/markets/deals/denmarks-orsted-acquire-
nationalgrid.com/stories/energy-explained/onshore-vs- full-ownership-sunrise-wind-eversource-2024-01-24/
offshore-wind-energy
19. Jones F. “Vattenfall halts 1.4 GW North Sea Wind Project
5. American Clean Power. “Wind power facts.” Available: amid rising costs.” Power Technology. 2023. Available:
https://cleanpower.org/facts/wind-power/ https://www.power-technology.com/news/vattenfall-
halts-offshore-wind-project/#:~:text=Swedish%20
6. Wind Exchange. “Offshore Wind Energy.” Office of Energy power%20company%20Vattenfall%20has,the%20
Efficiency and Renewable Energy. Available: https:// east%20of%20the%20UK
windexchange.energy.gov/markets/offshore
20. Anderson J, Micek K, Siciliano J, Sajbel J. “US offshore
7. Wind Energy Technologies Office. “First U.S. Grid- wind power development expanding beyond the East
Connected Offshore Wind Turbine Installed Off the Coast Coast in 2023.” S&P Global. 2023. Available: https://
of Maine.” Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable www.spglobal.com/commodityinsights/en/market-
Energy. 2013. Available: https://www.energy.gov/eere/ insights/latest-news/energy-transition/051723-us-
wind/articles/first-us-grid-connected-offshore-wind- offshore-wind-power-development-expanding-beyond-
turbine-installed-coast-maine the-east-coast-in-2023

8. Windfloat Atlantic. “World’s first semi-submersible 21. Penn I. “Offshore Wind Farms Show What Biden’s
floating offshore wind farm.” Available: https://www. Climate Plan Is Up Against.” The New York Times. 2021.
windfloat-atlantic.com/ Available: https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/07/
business/energy-environment/offshore-wind-biden-
9. Equinor. “Hywind Tampen.” Available: https://www. climate-change.html
equinor.com/energy/hywind-tampen
22. National Renewable Energy Laboratory. “Supply Chain
10. Crownhart C. “What’s next for offshore wind.” MIT Road Map for Offshore Wind Energy in the United States.”
Technology Review. 2024. Available: https://www. Available: https://www.nrel.gov/wind/offshore-supply-
technologyreview.com/2024/01/10/1086354/whats- chain-road-map.html
next-for-offshore-wind/
23. Equinor. “Empire Wind 2 offshore wind project announces
11. RI Coastal Resources Management Council. “Block reset, seeks new offtake opportunities.” 2024. Available:
Island Wind Farm.” Available: http://www.crmc.ri.gov/ https://www.equinor.com/news/20240103-empire-
windenergy/dwblockisland.html wind-2-offshore-wind-project-announces-reset
12. Ackerman A, Hoffman R, King M, Keefe M. “Block Island 24. Dominion Energy. “Charybdis.” Available: https://www.
Wind Farm.” Landscape Architecture Foundation. 2019. dominionenergy.com/projects-and-facilities/wind-power-
Available: https://doi.org/10.31353/cs1530 facilities-and-projects/charybdis
13. The Associated Press. “35 miles east of Long 25. Mckenna P. “America’s First Offshore Wind Energy
Island, the U.S. has its first large offshore wind Makes Landfall in Rhode Island.” Inside Climate
farm.” NPR. 2024. Available: https://www.npr. News. 2017. Available: https://insideclimatenews.org/
org/2024/03/14/1238593852/first-large-offshore- news/01052017/block-island-wind-farm-deepwater-
wind-farm-opens-long-island-south-fork wind-renewable-energy-climate-change/

16 I Indian Wind Power | June - July 2024

Indian Wind Power | June - July 2024 I 17
TECHNOLOGY

Leveraging Lidar to Harness

India’s Offshore Wind Potential
How Lidar Can Propel Offshore Wind Forward

I
ndia — a nation blessed
with a vast coastline
— recently unveiled The Windcube 200S at an offshore wind farm; photo credit: J. Schneemann
a unique approach to
offshore wind energy As the world pivots toward a sustainable accurately assess and monitor wind
expansion, identifying eight energy future, the world’s seventh- characteristics, enhancing the likelihood
largest — and most populous — country of success throughout a project’s
potential offshore energy
must capitalise on the immense lifetime.
zones off the coasts of potential of offshore wind to protect
Gujarat and Tamil Nadu. against forecasted energy consumption Challenges in Indian Offshore
increases and work toward achieving Wind Farm Development
ambitious climate targets. Aligning with
its formidable renewable energy and From the sheer scale of operations
emissions reduction goals, the Indian to the accuracy and affordability of
government has set its sights on tapping wind resource assessments in remote
into this abundant resource, with plans and harsh marine environments, the
to auction 37 gigawatts of offshore challenges associated with offshore
site leases over the next five years and wind farm development in India are
install 30 GW of offshore wind projects multifaceted.
by 2030.
First and foremost, the inherent nature
However, developing offshore wind of offshore operations dictates that
farms presents unique challenges everything is on a larger scale compared
that must be addressed to ensure to onshore wind farms. Offshore wind
successful implementation. Wind lidar farms cover more expansive areas, are
is particularly well suited to meet these located at greater distances from the
challenges. Lidar technology helps shore and utilise larger turbines that

18 I Indian Wind Power | June - July 2024

 TECHNOLOGY

reach towering heights — all contributing

to increased power generation potential
and heightened measurement
complexities.

Traditional meteorological masts,

commonly used to determine how much
energy will be produced and whether
turbines will survive on the site, become
impractical or prohibitively expensive
to deploy and maintain in offshore
environments. Plus, met masts struggle
to accurately measure the rotor heights
of today’s most giant offshore turbines
without extrapolation. These limitations
increase the uncertainty of energy yield
assessments and raise overall project
costs, threatening the financial viability
of offshore wind ventures.

Moreover, India’s coastal regions

introduce unique challenges.
Complex wind patterns, turbulence
and extreme weather conditions can
significantly impact the accuracy
of wind measurements, leading to
higher unpredictability and potential
underperformance of turbines. Plus,
extreme weather conditions such as
high winds, heavy rainfall and rough
seas negatively affect offshore wind
operations.

Also, the country’s multimodal approach

to offshore wind energy expansion
features challenges, such as a
mismatch in the timelines allowed for
surveys. Model A and Model C provide
developers with a four-year construction
period, while Model B stipulates a three- WindCube Nacelle DWG installation in the North Sea
year construction period. Additionally,
Model C has been granted a three-year
environment. Lidar’s versatility helps scan horizontally and vertically
survey period, whereas Model B only
support every phase of an offshore wind offers comprehensive data for site
allows two years.
project. From wind resource assessment evaluation and layout optimisation
Addressing these challenges requires and contractual power curve testing to across various campaign types. Dual
innovative measurement technologies permanent wind monitoring, research scanning lidar provides an even
that can quickly and cost-effectively and development, turbine control, and more comprehensive picture of the
collect precise and accurate data while prototype testing, lidar technology offers wind resource profiles by observing
withstanding harsh offshore conditions. a tailored approach to meet the unique an offshore location from several
demands of each stage. positions.
Enter lidar — or light detection and
ranging — a remote sensing technology. • Scanning lidar enables a holistic • Vertical profiling lidar helps decision-
view of wind patterns and dynamics makers understand wind profiles
Lidar: Unlocking Offshore with complete 3D scanning at at various heights. Measuring wind
a range of nearly 15 kilometers speed and direction at different
Potential (18km in some cases). This long- altitudes provides critical data
Amidst offshore wind farm development range ability is why developers needed to reduce measurement
challenges, lidar emerges as a leverage scanning lidar from the uncertainties in wind resource
transformative solution, offering a shoreline to measure offshore assessments, enable wind farm
comprehensive suite of measurement wind farms less than 20 kilometers developers to secure funding and
capabilities tailored for the offshore from the shoreline. Its ability to minimise project risk. These types

Indian Wind Power | June - July 2024 I 19

TECHNOLOGY

WindCube Offshore buoy; photo courtesy of OCG-Data de Ocergy

of lidars are often integrated into a to unfavorable financing conditions 1. Multiple measurement locations
Floating Lidar System (FLS). or the selection of inappropriate assessment with a single setup.
turbine equipment, resulting in
• Offshore-ready Floating Lidar Systems underperformance or failures. 2. Long-range capability enables
(FLS) are specifically designed to measurements at remote locations
withstand harsh offshore conditions, To combat these concerns and optimise that are otherwise difficult to access.
ensuring reliable and continuous offshore WRA, the collaborative dual
data collection. Ruggedise to scanning lidar approach has been These advantages can help reduce
withstand salt spray, high winds deployed and studied. This unique costs and logistical efforts, such as
and waves via a robust, marinised approach is gaining increasing measuring wind speed over the sea from
casing, these lidar systems are ideal acceptance among developers, coastal locations or assessing multiple
for preliminary site assessments and financiers and regulatory bodies. In fact, locations in a large area with limited
long-term deployment. DNV and Vaisala issued new, industry- infrastructure access.
wide guidelines for deploying dual
• Nacelle-mounted lidar mounts atop scanning lidar since they are increasingly In addition to wind resource assessment,
the wind turbine and measures the being leveraged by developers. lidar technology plays a vital role in
wind directly in front of the turbine to contractual and operational power
enable efficient Power Performance By deploying two scanning lidar curve testing. Nacelle-mounted lidars
Testing and optimisation. These instruments for near-shore wind farm operating on a pulsed lidar principle offer
instruments can be deployed development, developers can observe an unparalleled accuracy, data availability
temporarily or integrated by offshore location from multiple vantage and sample rates, making them well-
manufacturers for feedforward points, providing a comprehensive suited for identifying underperformance
turbine control. picture of wind resource profiles. This and troubleshooting issues. By
multiple “virtual met masts” technique measuring horizontal wind hundreds
Given lidar’s flexible solution set, delivers accurate wind mapping with of meters in front of turbines, nacelle-
forward-thinking energy companies ranges up to nearly 15 km, significantly mounted lidars simplify IEC-compliant
should use the technology at various increasing the quantity and quality power performance testing, ensuring
stages to glean invaluable insights as of wind data. Leveraging intersecting even the most enormous offshore
offshore wind farm development and beams at multiple heights at multiple turbines operate at maximum capacity.
operations progress in Indian waters. locations, the dual scanning lidar Comparing actual turbine performance
approach provides a dense network with expected power curves with lidar
How Lidar Propels Offshore of measurement points, reducing data helps operators identify deviations,
Wind Forward vertical and horizontal uncertainty assess turbine health and optimise
while enabling refined assessment operational parameters.
One key application of lidar in offshore of turbulence intensity for turbine
wind farm development is one of a suitability. Lidar also excels in providing permanent
project’s most important steps: wind critical wind monitoring. Fixed vertical
resource assessment, or WRA. Accurate Scanning lidars offer two key advantages profiling and nacelle-mounted lidars can
WRA is crucial for project bankability, compared to other wind measurement continuously monitor performance and
as inaccurate measurements can lead technologies: losses, enabling operators to implement

20 I Indian Wind Power | June - July 2024

Indian Wind Power | June - July 2024 I 21
TECHNOLOGY

continuously monitoring turbine

performance and identifying potential
issues before they escalate into costly
failures or downtime. The proactive
approach lidar ensures operational
continuity and extends the lifetimes of
offshore wind farms, safeguarding the
long-term viability of these massive
investments.

Validation and certification by leading

independent bodies and research
institutes further solidify the trust in
lidar solutions. When lidar equipment
meets the latest and most rigorous
A closer view of the WindCube Offshore; photo courtesy of OCG-Data de Ocergy
international verification standards
and IEC compliance, developers and
turbine control practices that improve for mathematical extrapolation, which operators can have confidence in the
energy capture and increase efficiency. can introduce data uncertainty. reliability and accuracy of the data,
Leveraging lidar during operations not enabling informed decision-making and
only reduces hazards like turbulence, Cost optimised operations.
wakes and icing that can diminish energy
output but also facilitates preventative Most importantly, lidar technology Innovative Measurement for an
maintenance, avoiding costly downtime is more affordable than met masts,
and failures. especially in offshore environments Innovative Industry
with significantly higher deployment and
As India embarks on its journey to
While lidar technology offers tailored maintenance costs. The installation,
harness the immense potential of
solutions for each phase of an offshore maintenance and permitting costs
offshore wind energy, lidar will clearly
wind project, its true strength lies in of met masts can be substantial,
help ensure the success of enterprising
its many advantages over traditional particularly in deep-water locations or
projects off the 7,600-kilometer
measurement methods. harsh marine environments. By contrast,
Indian coast. While the challenges are
lidar systems offer lower upfront costs,
multifaceted in a burgeoning sector
Flexibility flexible deployment options and reduced
like offshore wind in India, lidar offers
operational expenses. Lidar eliminates
One advantage is that these technologies the need for foundation construction comprehensive solutions that address
can be combined and used based on and electrical cabling, translating to each phase, making it an indispensable
the specific situation. For instance, in a better project economics and financial tool for offshore wind developers and
standard new project — like Models A, B viability. operators.
and C in India’s plan — a buoy-mounted
vertical profiler lidar can minimise Beyond the comprehensive AUTHOR
vertical uncertainty by positioning the measurement capabilities, adaptability
instrument in the middle of a planned and cost advantages of lidar technology, Davy Theophile,
wind farm site. Additionally, one or more ensuring operational continuity is Head of Wind
scanning lidar units can offer 3D wind paramount for the long-term success of Resource
awareness from the shore or a platform, offshore wind farms. Assessment,
delivering an even more comprehensive Vaisala
picture of the wind resource profiles. Value of Offshore Operational Davy Theophile
Continuity works as a Head
Mobility of Renewable
One of the critical challenges in offshore Energy at Vaisala.
Another benefit of lidar technology is wind farm operations is the presence His responsibilities include overseeing
its mobility and ease of deployment — of hazards like turbulence and wake global sales, market and product
whether on shore, floating platforms, effects, which can significantly reduce development for Vaisala’s solar and
buoys or vessels. Unlike traditional energy output and compromise turbine wind energy segments and ensuring
meteorological masts, lidars can be performance. By leveraging lidar data, a positive customer experience. With
easily repositioned to capture wind wind farm operators can implement 25 years of engineering, strategy, and
data from multiple locations within an advanced turbine control strategies business experience in the energy
offshore wind farm or repurposed at that mitigate these hazards, maximising sector, including hydropower, energy
different stages of a project’s life cycle. energy capture and efficiency. storage, solar power, and grid solutions,
Additionally, lidar technology offers Davy plays a vital role in advancing
superior data availability by measuring Moreover, lidar technology facilitates Vaisala’s ambitious strategy in the
at turbine heights, eliminating the need preventative maintenance by renewable energy industry.
22 I Indian Wind Power | June - July 2024
 TECHNOLOGY

Yaw Backup System

An Emergency Power Supply to Protect Wind Turbines
During Extreme Weather Conditions
A White Paper by Ingeteam

T
he unprecedented
twin challenges of
ensuring secure and
affordable energy supplies
and meeting climate
targets have propelled
wind power development Also, the increasing demand for instant response in hazardous weather
into an extraordinary new renewable energy has resulted in conditions, to reduce the mechanical
manufacturers increasing the wind stresses of the wind turbine through
phase of ever-faster growth. turbine dimensions and capacity, which fast feeding of the Yaw System, thus,
After a challenging year, implies the installation of increasingly keeping the components safe and
the global wind market is larger blades and towers that are avoiding financial losses. Furthermore,
significantly more sensitive to adverse the Yaw Backup System also provides
ready to bounce back in weather conditions, therefore, there an emergency electric power source to
2023, exceeding 100 GW is a greater risk for component major support essential loads such as control,
for the first time. With a damage. Stresses can be reduced communications, and thermal, among
by aligning the rotor to track the other systems.
double-digit growth rate of incoming wind. During extreme weather
15%, the mid-term outlook conditions, power outages can suddenly The Yaw Backup System’s technology is
for wind energy looks very happen. based on an electrical storage system
which is capable of reacting immediately
positive. GWEC Market In this regard, the existing power backup in the hardest conditions of voltage
Intelligence expects that solutions are based on a generator drops, as well as adapting its operation
with a reciprocating engine (genset). to demanded energy.
680 GW of new capacity Although the Genset machine is capable
will be added in the next of starting autonomously and supplying Ingeteam’s ethos is to be technology
five years. hard loads for a long time, it starts agnostic in developing power conversion
working a few seconds after a failure, solutions for the industry. Our goal is
thus exposing the system to costly to provide customers with the solution
damage. Summarising, this technology that works best for the turbines they are
presents low efficiency, as well as low developing.
commitment to sustainability.
Our offering is a reliable, efficient
In this context, Ingeteam has developed and sustainable Yaw Backup System
a Yaw Backup System product range, a comprised of a Power Conversion
sustainable solution which ensures an System (PCS) and a unique batteries

Indian Wind Power | June - July 2024 I 23

TECHNOLOGY

storage system (ESS) based on our 50 1. SYSTEM OVERVIEW

years of experience developing and
supplying power conversion solutions Ingeteam’s Yaw Backup System product range has been designed to ensure
for wind and other renewable energies power supply in case of grid losses. The Yaw Backup System is a key element for
and industries. safeguarding the reliability and availability of wind turbine farms, specifically the
Yaw System and other single-phase critical loads that constitute each wind turbine.
This innovative technology will provide This system is available in a wide range of both power and voltages, adapted to the
the power required to control the Yaw standards of each country or adapted to the application requirements.
Systems, to protect the structural
integrity of the wind turbine during The system is composed of two enclosures: One of them contains the Power
a power failure, contributing to the Conversion System (PCS) and the other one contains the Energy Storage System
challenges of the wind sector in terms (ESS).
of security, sustainability, and efficiency.

Benefits at a Glance
● Improves wind turbine
performance in hostile
conditions

● Ensures a safe and reliable

operation

● Reduces maintenance costs

and longer plant life, resulting
in productivity growth
Figure 1: Yaw Backup System (YBS)
● Enables early profits through
the high Return on Investment The Yaw Backup System is characterised by its great capability to be customisable,
allowing configuration according to the desired power converter topology and load
● Prevents great damages type.
on wind turbines and other
assets resulting in serious The power converter system can be configured using a unique conversion line that
consequences for the energy works as both a rectifier and an inverter. Alternatively, it can include a Back-to-Back
sector and financial losses converter to connect the DC Bus at any voltage and frequency input.

● Avoids the use of diesel On the other hand, it can also incorporate a DC/DC converter to improve the
generators, except as a last operating voltage of the batteries, and thus overcome voltage limitations of the
resort in emergency situations batteries.

● Contributes to the massive Regarding the output configuration, it is capable of supplying three-phase loads (3p
penetration of wind energy and 3p+N). Additionally, it can incorporate single-phase loads (1p+N).
into the grid to enable the
clean energy transition The system uses advanced modulation techniques to synthesise any type of voltage
or current waveform to the output, leveraging the fast-switching speed of the IGBTs
● Offers real-time operation controlled by the Converter Control Unit.
monitoring and control,
including alarm event
captures

In this whitepaper, Ingeteam covers

the description of the new product
range including the key areas of
technological innovation for sustainable
solutions based on power electronics
and designed specifically for providing
emergency power for wind turbine Yaw
Systems. Figure 2: Yaw Backup System (YBS) architecture

24 I Indian Wind Power | June - July 2024

 TECHNOLOGY

Also, Ingeteam guarantees the repair service of the Yaw 2. POWER CONVERTER SYSTEM (PCS)
Backup System product range for 25 years after the date
of purchase of the equipment. It should be noted that the The main objective of the Power Conversion System (PCS)
Yaw Backup System range complies with the main codes and is to transform the continuous energy of the batteries into
standards according to safety, and grid performance, among alternating current to supply the system loads.
others.
It is materialised as a cabinet which is composed of a Power
Main Features of the Equipment: Stack in charge of adapting the energy, a harmonic filter to
improve the signal quality, protections against shortcircuits
● Full front access for easy access to maintenance and
and overvoltages and a general control device (CCU).
replacement
● EMC certified (IEC 60092 / IEC 61800) Furthermore, it has been configured to respect demanded
● Protection against dust, humidity, and water splash grid codes and keep the batteries healthy in a good term.
resistance, IP54
● Protection against high rust, CH4
● Highly efficient design
● Variable speed fans
● Low noise level
● Air input filters

MAIN TECHNICAL FEATURES

Efficiency >96.0 %

Power Factor (PF) 0.8 – 1.0

Output voltage THD < 8 % (IEC61000-2-2)

GENERAL INFORMATION

Operation Temperature -15…+45 ºC

Life Time 25 years

Certifications CE / UL

PCS Weight (With batteries/Without) 650 kg

Figure 3: Power Converter System (PCS) cabinet
PCS Dimensions (DxHxW) 650x2276x1500
Main Benefits the Power Conversion System:
ESS Weight (with batteries) 1500 kg
● High customisation of power converter topology
ESS Dimensions (DxHxW) 1110x2398x2743 ● Multiple power source connection points capability to
charge batteries from different power supplies
Table 1: YBS characteristics ● Dedicated three-phase and single-phase output
● Capability to connect linear and non-linear loads
● HMI to be easy maintenance operations locally
● Field bus connectivity via Profinet communication
protocol for monitoring, control and data storage via a
WebApp SCADA tool
● High cybersecurity level
● Guarantee fulfilment of the most demanding grid codes
and standards
● Guarantee fulfilment of Electromagnetic Compatibility
(EMC) standards
● High road & sea transport.

Indian Wind Power | June - July 2024 I 25

TECHNOLOGY

PCS Overview ● Full Protection Function

● Wildly Application & Experience
Grid rated voltage (Vnominal) 400 Vac± 10 %
● Easy Installation
Grid voltage range (ΔV) ± 10 % ● Consideration for Containerised Arrangement
● Automatic fire extinguishing system
Grid rated frequency (Fnominal) 50/60 Hz± 10 %
● Tested and Listed to UL and IEC Standards for Safety
Rated load power (PRMS) up to 75 kW

Peak load current up to 125kVA

Table 2: PCS overview

3. ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM (ESS)

The Energy Storage System (ESS) is in charge of basic tasks of

batteries control and maintainability to guarantee the health
and use efficiency of the storage system. The battery cells
are assembled with LFP technology (Lithium Iron Phosphate)
which is characterised for its high energy density. This type
of cell provides great durability in the long term. Besides, the ESS Overview
device has a Compact design for easy future upgrades thanks
to its form factor and cell dimensions. Chemistry LiFePO4 [LFP]

Installed Energy at the Beginning of Life Up to 165kWh

DC voltage range 580 – 750 Vdc

Maximum discharge current (IMAX) 350 A

Maximum discharge rate 1C

Maximum charge rate 0.5C

Table 3: ESS overview

The architecture of the ESS control is divided into three levels.
The most basic module in the structure is the BMS which is
connected to each battery, therefore, there will be as many
BMS units as the number of batteries. Subsequently, all
BMS units are governed by a Power Distribution Unit (PDU)
which is responsible for obtaining voltage, and temperature
measurements, among other tasks.

At the highest level of the hierarchy, there is the Battery

Administration Unit (BAU) which acts as a gateway between
Figure 4: Energy Storage System (ESS) cabinet PCS and ESS. In this connection, the BAU manages the
sending and receiving of data with the PDU. On the other
hand, it is responsible for the main connection between CCU
Main Benefits of the Energy Storage System: and BAU.
● Unique storage system
BMS Functionalities:
● Lithium Iron Phosphate chemistry as battery technology
● Conditions Monitoring
● High performance and excellent thermal dissipation by
stacking plates and aluminium cases ● State of Charge
● High mechanical protection thanks to the Prismatic Cell ● Discharge Control
structure ● Thermal Management
● High lifetime performance ● Fault Alarms
● Scalable energy storage ● Balancing tasks
● Active or Passive Balancing ● Protection device
26 I Indian Wind Power | June - July 2024
 TECHNOLOGY

SAFETY STANDARDS

ANSI/IEEE C-2 National Electric Safety Code

American National Standards Institute
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

IEC 61508, 60812, 61025, 62281 International Electrical committee

UL 9540, 9540A,1973, 1642, 991, 1998, 60760-1, 60950, Underwriters Laboratories

60812, 61025, 1778, 1598, 8750, 1012, 1995.

NFPA 70E, 70, 551,550 National Fire Protection Association

Table 4: Safety standards

PERFORMANCE AND GRID INTERCONNECTION STANDARDS

IEC 61427-2 2015, 62620, 60529 International Electrical committee

IEEE 1547, 693-2005 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

NEMA 250 National Electrical Manufacturers Association

UL 50E, 1741 (SA) Underwriters Laboratories

Table 5: Performance and grid interconnection standards

4. CONTROL, MONITORING & COMMUNICATION

CONTROL temperature, state of health, and state of charge, among other

parameters of the cells. This ensures optimal operation and
The Yaw Backup System is managed by the Converter Control maximises their lifetime through the latest control strategies
Unit (CCU), a programmable electronic device designed and and algorithms developed by Ingeteam.
manufactured by Ingeteam, which is in charge of governing
the power conversion system (PCS), as well as, the energy The Web Application Manager is a user-friendly software
storage system (ESS). SCADA tool used to monitor, control and acquire data on real-
time operation of the equipment locally or remotely. It offers a
Within the CCU, the programmed Firmware can autonomously wide set of diagnostic and service tools embedded in the CCU
manage the charging and discharging of batteries, and that allow it to carry out monitoring, configuration, diagnostics,
various operation modes dictated by the wind turbine control, control, data recording, and commissioning tasks locally.
among other functions.
The software only requires a web browser, and it runs as a
Main Characteristics: Web application without any special requirement for your PC.
● Powerful CPU for regulation and control This technology allows you to connect the power converter
control and your PC locally or remotely via an Ethernet link.
● Reliable hardware based on standard modules Additionally, it is essential to use its different security levels
● Modular and scalable control topology to work with greater comfort and control.
● Robust and certified control design, validated in different
applications for various sectors

MONITORING AND COMMUNICATION

The CCU is a core element of the power converter both

in control and communication. It communicates with the
turbine’s PLC through the Profinet communication protocol,
and on the other hand, with the power storage supervisory
elements, the BMS, through multiple serial communication
protocols such as Modbus, CAN, or RS485. This shows the
great versatility of the system to make use of multiple field
buses.

Each battery is equipped with its associated Battery

Management System (BMS), allowing it to know voltage, Figure 5: Web application manager user interface

Indian Wind Power | June - July 2024 I 27

TECHNOLOGY

5. HEATING AND VENTILATION EFFICIENCY The development of the Firmware has been carried out using
a Software-In-the-Loop model in Matlab, considering the
Regarding the grid loss scenario, the main objective of PSC, ESS, and the modelling of linear and non-linear loads.
the YBS is to maximise the energy supply time during grid Additionally, the Hardware-In-the-Loop model has enabled the
outages when the YBS is in operation. Therefore, it is of vital computational optimisation of the system and the validation
importance to develop an air-cooling system that maximises of the Firmware through a test bench.
the cabinet’s efficiency.
Worth highlighting, the product undergoes testing protocols
On the one hand, the PCS employs a single fan that regulates during its production to ensure the correct performance of
the airflow based on the losses of the semiconductors and the equipment.
evacuates all system losses at the same time.

On the other hand, the ESS employs an insulated enclosure,

to preserve a constant battery temperature and reduce the
energy demanded of the heating system.

To achieve this, a detailed analysis has been carried out using

CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) based models.

Figure 7: Yaw Backup System model in Matlab

CONCLUSION

Ingeteam’s Yaw Backup System product range has been

designed to ensure power supply for the Yaw System and
critical loads, ensuring operational continuity in case of grid
losses, This, in turn, helps safeguard wind turbine components
and prevents financial losses.
Figure 6: Thermodynamic model of the PCS The full range of Ingeteam’s Yaw Backup System allows
satisfaction of specific requirements for each client, thanks
The temperature is a variable that has a direct impact both
to its high capability for customisation. This enables the
on the capacity and lifetime of the electrical storage. For that
configuration of inputs, outputs, and conversion topologies
reason, BMS devices are used to supervise the voltage of the
as desired.
cells, the State of Charge, the State of Health, and the self-
temperature, among others. On the other hand, the product incorporates a WebApp SCADA
tool that allows the monitoring of the operation using real-time
Therefore, within equipment firmware, the thermal control
data to make informed decisions and enhance the availability
logic plays an important role in managing the equipment’s
of wind turbines. Additionally, the mechanical design and
cooling and heating system. These logics are composed of
troubleshooting software module facilitates easier corrective
mathematical algorithms that use the extracted data from the
and preventive maintenance, thereby reducing operational
BMS devices. Thus, the maximum efficiency of the operation
expenditures.
and the maximum battery storage lifetime are guaranteed.
The Energy Storage System is characterised by a compact
6. ALGORITHMS design conceived for easy future upgrades, providing a
scalable energy storage solution.
Ingeteam has developed algorithms and control strategies to
comply with established requirements, manage the process Ingeteam, as a recognised leader in renewable generation
of charging and discharging batteries, control the cooling with more than 57 GW installed worldwide, focuses on
system, and maintain the batteries in good condition, among delivering both maximum performance and the fulfilment
other tasks. Therefore, the design of the algorithms must of the highest quality standards. The company provides
integrate all elements that compose the system, such as a multiple functionalities aimed at supporting operation and
grid, main converter, DC/DC converter, and batteries, thereby maintenance activities to enhance the Levelised Cost of
guaranteeing reliable and efficient operation. Energy.
28 I Indian Wind Power | June - July 2024
 TECHNOLOGY

WHY INGETEAM?
lifetime of products. In addition to, assistance and advice
Flexibility to adapt the final product to comply with each client’s during the initial stages and from the project definition to
specific requirements, with the highest standards of quality the commissioning of the equipment.
and guaranteeing the fulfilment of the most demanding grid
code, to provide competitive, reliable and robust products. The Yaw Backup System commissioning is carried out by
highly qualified, multidisciplinary staff with experience in a
Ingeteam offers a 360º CRS (Customer Relationship Service) wide range of sectors, to assure the best performance.
with all of its product range, providing direct technical
support, training and maintenance service throughout the Contact: [email protected]

AUTHORS

Rubén Beloki Loidi, Iñigo Garin Aizarnazabal, Mikel Cabodevilla Afra, Xabier Juancorena Saldías,
Power Converters Manager Firmware Application R&D Electrical Engineer Firmware Application Doctor
Engineer Engineer

Indian Wind Power | June - July 2024 I 29

OPINION

Charting a Green Course:

India’s Offshore Wind Horizon
An Interview with Bibhu Nayak,
Country Director of Fugro, India

I
ndia’s energy consumption has skyrocketed in the past decade due
to rapid industrialisation and urbanisation. According to the Press
Information Bureau, India is likely to account for 25% of global
energy demand growth over the next two decades. The country aims
to double the share of renewable energy to reach 50% by 2030. With
the vast coastline in India, offshore wind energy is a viable solution.

We interviewed Bibhu Nayak, Country Director of Fugro in India, and

he explains how advanced geo-data acquisition facilitates sustainable
development of these projects and why companies like Fugro are
pivotal to making a significant step towards a greener future.

How promising is India’s offshore wind energy

market?
India’s offshore wind energy market is at a nascent yet
promising stage, driven by the country’s growing energy
needs and commitment to sustainable development. With
an extensive coastline of over 7,500 kilometers, India
has significant potential for offshore wind development,
particularly along the coasts of Gujarat and Tamil Nadu,
where wind speeds and ocean conditions are favourable.
The government has set an ambitious target of achieving
30 GW of offshore wind capacity by 2030, supported by
favourable policies and incentives.

What challenges must be overcome for

offshore wind energy development?
Overcoming several key challenges is crucial to fully tapping
into offshore wind energy’s potential. Environmental
considerations, particularly the effects on marine
ecosystems and coastal communities, must also be
meticulously managed to ensure that the development of
offshore wind energy projects in India is both sustainable and
socially responsible.

“Understanding the intricate balance between leveraging

renewable energy sources and safeguarding our ecosystems is
crucial. This approach is not just about generating power; it’s
about powering a sustainable future.”

30 I Indian Wind Power | June - July 2024

 OPINION

The Excalibur Jack-up Barge

Why is site selection crucial for and ocean condition data, while the project. We are involved in 60% of the
offshore wind projects? sub-seabed soil properties from our offshore wind farm projects globally.
geotechnical site investigation are Notable examples include the Hornsea
Choosing the optimal location for quite essential for optimising wind farm One project in the UK, the world’s largest
offshore wind farm projects is the first design and operations. offshore wind farm, and the Borssele
key step of a project. This decision Wind Farm in the Netherlands, where
underpins the turbines’ stability, Focusing on supporting the full project Fugro provided comprehensive site
operational efficiency, and durability. In lifecycle, Fugro combines geotechnical, investigations, foundation design data,
this strategic process, the role of precise geophysical, and environmental surveys and construction monitoring in these
geographical data cannot be overstated. for effective site selection, which projects.
It comprehensively explains seabed has been highlighted by successful
conditions, subsurface geology, and projects worldwide. We offer design The lessons learned from these projects
crucial environmental considerations. and construction support by supplying include the importance of precise
detailed data for foundation design seabed mapping, the need for tailored
How does Fugro support and real-time construction monitoring, foundation solutions to different seabed
offshore wind projects from enhancing efficiency and cost- conditions, and the benefits of real-time
effectiveness. We provide continuous data for construction and operational
seabed to sky? monitoring and integrity management efficiency. These best practices have
for operational wind farms, ensuring helped optimise project timelines,
We provide essential geotechnical
long-term efficiency, reliability, and reduce costs, and enhance the overall
services for offshore wind farm
sustainability of offshore wind projects. reliability of offshore wind farms.
development, from in-depth seabed
analysis using advanced drilling and
testing for designing sturdy wind turbine What lessons has Fugro learned How can Fugro’s global
foundations, to comprehensive seabed from international offshore experience be tailored to
mapping and subsurface profiling for wind projects? India’s offshore wind market?
site selection and risk assessment.
Our geophysical services ensure the Fugro has played a pivotal role in several Our extensive global experience can
identification of potential hazards, major offshore wind projects around the be tailored to meet the specific needs
metocean services offer critical weather world, including the first offshore wind of the Indian offshore wind market.

Indian Wind Power | June - July 2024 I 31

OPINION

SEAWATCH R Lidar buoy in front of a wind farm

The diverse coastal geography of India farms are thoroughly evaluated. Our energy infrastructure. Companies
presents unique challenges that Fugro comprehensive EIAs consider factors like Fugro will be vital in realising this
is well-equipped to handle due to our such as marine life, water quality, potential by leveraging our global
advanced geotechnical, geophysical, and seabed integrity. To mitigate experience and tailoring solutions to
and metocean capabilities. Potential environmental risks, we implement meet India’s specific needs. As offshore
collaborations with Indian stakeholders, measures like careful site selection wind projects expand, there is a growing
such as government agencies, local to avoid sensitive habitats, utilising opportunity to foster collaboration
engineering firms, and renewable energy environmentally friendly construction and partnerships between industry
developers, can facilitate knowledge techniques, and continuous monitoring stakeholders, government agencies,
transfer and capacity building. Also we of environmental parameters. These and local communities. By working
have an established presence in India, efforts help minimise the ecological together, we can create a sustainable
with a more than 500 personnel strong footprint of offshore wind projects andand resilient offshore wind industry in
team. In 2017 we delivered a 2D ultra- promote sustainable development. India, driving economic growth, reducing
high-resolution seismic survey for India’s carbon emissions, and securing a
first offshore wind project, along with Significant emphasis on engaging with cleaner future for future generations.
multibeam bathymetry, side scan sonar local communities and stakeholders
and magnetometer survey services. throughout the lifecycle of offshore Fugro’s expertise in geotechnical,
We also completed a successful site wind projects is much required. The geophysical, and metocean services
characterisation project for Gujarat’s development of offshore wind farms positions them as a key player in the
renewable energy park. brings numerous benefits to local Indian offshore wind sector. Our all-
economies, including job creation encompassing approach, covering
How does Fugro ensure in construction, operations, and site investigation, design support,
sustainable offshore wind maintenance, as well as potential and operational maintenance, is
revenue from local supply chains. fundamental to the success and
solutions from coast to sustainability of offshore wind projects.
community? Conclusion By providing crucial data and innovative
Fugro takes a strategic approach to The future outlook for offshore wind solutions, Fugro facilitates efficient
environmental impact assessments energy in India is promising, with the project development while mitigating
(EIAs), ensuring that all potential government’s ambitious targets and environmental risks, thus contributing to
ecological effects of offshore wind increasing investment in renewable the growth of renewable energy in India.

32 I Indian Wind Power | June - July 2024

 EVENTS

Celebrating Global
Wind Day 2024
Global Wind Day is celebrated
annually on 15 June. It is
a day for discovering wind
energy, its power and the
possibilities it holds to
reshape our energy systems,
decarbonise our economies
and boost jobs and growth.

Wind turbines have only continued to

become bigger, better, cheaper, and
more efficient. Wind energy is now one
of the most competitive energy sources
in markets across the world and is one
of the key technologies we need to
build the clean energy system required
to limit global warming to 1.5°C. The
growth of both onshore and offshore
wind throughout the world also means
more local investment, job creation and
energy savings. The question now is not
‘why wind energy’ but rather ‘why not’?

Ben Backwell, CEO, GWEC

Indian Wind Power | June - July 2024 I 33

EVENTS

How much offshore wind do we need by 2050 intergovernmental energy agencies like the IEA and IRENA,
to meet our climate goals? as well as businesses, NGOs and climate activists are all
converging to agree on the scale of change needed. With
In 2020, the multi-stakeholder Ocean Renewable Energy only 35 GW of offshore wind installed in the world today,
Action Coalition (OREAC) set a target of 1,400 GW by 2050 there is a wide gap to close to get us on-track. To have a
to sustain a 1.5°C pathway, which went far beyond long-term chance of delivering 2,000 GW of offshore wind by 2050, we
scenarios at the time. Now, institutions like the International need to see bold offshore wind ambition from governments
Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) are recognising offshore and non-state actors in this decade.
wind’s role in energy system transformation, and calling
for at least 2,000 GW of offshore wind deployed by 2050 Despite its vast potential, offshore wind remains largely
to maintain a 1.5°C warming pathway and deliver net zero untapped as a global renewable energy resource. We are
emissions by the middle of the century. on-track to install only 234 GW of offshore wind by 2030,
according to GWEC Market Intelligence, and only the
The world is at a historic moment, when the largest European Union has set a long-term goal to 2050 for 300
international organisations like the UNFCCC, GW of offshore wind.

Figure 1: At least 2,000 GW of offshore wind must be deployed by 2050 to achieve net zero emissions.

Source: IRENA (2021), World Energy Transitions Outlook: 1.5°C Pathway, International Renewable Energy Agency, Abu Dhabi.

Asia Europe North America

760 GW 640 GW 360 GW

Latin America Pacific Africa

and the
and the 80 GW Middle
Caribbean East
40 GW
360 GW

Figure 2: With 2,000 GW installed by 2050, every region of the world will have a thriving offshore wind sector.
Installations will be concentrated in Europe, Asia and North America.

Source: GWEC Market Intelligence; figures are estimations based on technical resource potential and current policies.

34 I Indian Wind Power | June - July 2024

 EVENTS

Pre-Event Celebration for

Global Wind Day 2024
Discussion on Offshore: Expanding Wind Frontier in India
The Indian Wind Turbine Manufacturers Association (IWTMA) conducted a Pre-event Celebration of Global Wind Day,
supported by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) and the National Institute of Wind Energy (NIWE). The
event was sponsored by Envision Wind and Suzlon, and was held on 29 May 2024 at Park Hyatt Chennai. The theme was
Offshore: Expanding Wind Frontier in India.

The dignitaries lit the lamp before commencement of the event IWTMA Executive Committee member Mr. K Bharathy presented the
Welcome Address

Shri Lalit Bohra, Joint Secretary, MNRE, delivered the Dr. Rajesh Katyal, Director General, NIWE, delivered his
Opening Remarks address and the theme presentation

Indian Wind Power | June - July 2024 I 35

EVENTS

Panellists (L-R) Mr RPV Prasad, MD & CEO, Envision Wind;

Mr Amar Variawa, Vice President and Country Head - Business
Development, Vestas Wind; Dr Rajesh Katyal, Director General,
NIWE; Shri Lalit Bohra, Joint Secretary, MNRE; Mr. Harsh Nupur
Joshi, Chief Operating Officer, ONGC Green; Mr I C Mangal, CEO -
The panel discussion followed, on Charting the Course: Offshore New Business, Suzlon Energy; with IWTMA Secretary General
Wind’s Role in India’s Renewable Energy Future. Mr. Anant Naik

IWTMA Executive Committee member Mr. A Gurunathan with IWTMA Executive Committee member Mr. SP Murali delivered
Mr. Harsh Nupur Joshi. Mr. Gurunathan presented bouquets the vote of thanks
to all the panellists.

Audience members. The discussion by the panellists attracted numerous pertinent questions from the audience members, resulting in
an open discussion around the steps needed to be taken by each of the stakeholders of the offshore wind industry.

IWTMA hopes to help facilitate this discussion even further, most notably at Windergy 2024 in October 2024.

36 I Indian Wind Power | June - July 2024

 INDUSTRY NEWS

ABAN POWER & VENTERRA FIRM FORM

INDIA OFFSHORE WIND ALLIANCE
ABAN Power and Gavin and Doherty Geosolutions (GDG), a
division of the Venterra Group, have formed an alliance to
expedite offshore wind projects and energy infrastructure
throughout Asia-Pacific, including India. The objective of this
partnership is to assist India in reaching its 2030 target of
500 GW of renewable energy capacity.

Indrasenan Thusyanthan, Managing Director of Venterra’s

GDG, emphasised the alignment of this partnership with
GDG’s strategic expansion into the region. He also said, “Our
collaboration with ABAN Power allows us to bring unmatched
ENVISION SEES GROWING expertise to support India’s clean energy goals,” he stated.
OFFSHORE WIND IN INDIA
Srijith Menon, Head of Green Business at ABAN Power,
Envision aims to tap into India’s growing offshore wind highlighted the partnership’s potential to lead the offshore
market with its 8 MW and 14 MW turbines, potentially sector in India, contributing significantly to the country’s
expanding into development roles. Named the top Chinese renewable energy targets. “We are excited to leverage our
wind turbine exporter by Wood Mackenzie, Envision secured global experience in offshore and renewable energy projects
a significant share of India’s wind market last year, boasting with GDG,” Menon said.
3 GW in orders.
Source: Saur Energy Internarional | 22 May 2024
The company recently penned a deal to supply 300 MW of
turbines to Juniper Green Energy, marking their increasing
presence. The agreement involves supplying 91 turbines for
a project in Gujarat, expected to generate 1 TW-h/year and
come online by 2025.

Calling India a priority market, Envision said it plans to

manufacture nacelles and hubs in Pune, Maharashtra, while
sourcing towers and blades locally. India ranks fourth globally
in wind capacity, boasting more than 44 GW.

Source: Journal of Petroleum Technology | 21 May 2024

NEW EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEMBERS

FOR IWTMA
The Indian Wind Turbine Manufacturers Association
welcomed two new distinguished colleagues into the IWTMA
Executive Committee. (L - R) Mr. Jayarama Prasad Chalasani,
Group CEO – Suzlon Group, and Mr. Amit Kansal, CEO & MD
- Senvion India, will represent their respective companies on
the EC.

IWTMA looks forward to their invaluable contribution.

OFFSHORE WIND FARMS ARE
VULNERABLE TO CYBERATTACKS
Researchers have presented a new study on cyberattack
INDIA ADDED 1.2 GW OF WIND POWER
risks to offshore wind farms in Glasgow, United Kingdom. CAPACITY IN Q1 2024
They looked specifically at wind farms that use voltage-
source-converter high-voltage direct-current (VSC-HVDC) This 1.2 GW of new wind energy capacity is a 56% YoY surge
connections, which are rapidly becoming the most cost- from 737.9 MW, according to Mercom India Research. In Q1
effective solution to harvest offshore wind energy around the 2024, the installations surged by 109% QoQ as obligated
world. They found that their complex, hybrid-communication entities typically add higher capacities in the last quarter of
architecture presents multiple access points for cyberattacks. a financial year.

Source: Concordia University | 24 January 2024 Source: Mercom India Research | 9 May 2024
Indian Wind Power | June - July 2024 I 37
ANALYSIS

Onshore Vs Offshore
Wind Energy
More Efficiently Harnessing the Power of the Wind
Location & Wind Resource Infrastructure

W
ind energy is Quality
Especially in terms of infrastructure,
the second The major difference between onshore onshore wind energy has the upper hand
largest source of and offshore is their location. Onshore over offshore wind energy. Onshore wind
wind farms are typically located on land, farms infrastructure is significantly less
renewable energy. It has often on hills or plains, with varying wind expensive than that of offshore wind
the potential to address resource characteristics. farms. In some cases, it costs half the
climate issues, while also amount and can provide a return on
Some regions of the onshore sites have investment quickly, often in the span of
driving long term economic excellent winds, while other regions
two years. On the other hand, building
growth, by meeting the can experience low and irregular wind
the infrastructure for offshore wind farms
speeds. As a result, wind speed and
rising global energy can be expensive and complex, especially
direction need to be carefully monitored
to plan for energy generation. in deep waters.
demand.
Whereas, offshore wind farms are Cost Involved
While onshore wind typically located on water either near the
energy has dominated coast or further away in deep waters. Similar to infrastructure, onshore has a
They benefit from stronger and more significant advantage when taking cost
the renewable energy into consideration. Offshore wind farms
consistent wind speeds compared to
market, advances in onshore locations. Wind speeds are involve high capital cost, with tower
technology have led higher and more reliable in offshore, installations involving large structures
thereby providing high energy yields over and complex logistics, resulting in
to the development of time. Also, offshore wind tends to be significantly higher construction costs
offshore wind farms. Both faster than on land, even small increases than onshore wind farms.
aim to produce green in speed can generate more energy.
Therefore, fewer turbines are needed in Typically, the cost of an offshore turbine
and clean electricity, but offshore to produce the same amount of is 20% higher than a similar scale
their technologies differ energy as onshore. project on land, and the price of towers
and foundations is more than 2.5 times
significantly, from turbine Turbine Design & Capacity higher. Offshore foundation, construction,
design to environmental installation and grid connection costs are
cost considerations. Another difference between offshore also significantly higher than on land.
and onshore wind turbines is the size Once the plant is built, operating and
and capacity. Compared to the offshore maintenance costs for offshore plants
In this article, we compare wind turbines, onshore wind turbines are are also much higher.
onshore and offshore wind smaller and lighter, making them easier
energy methods, including to transport, install and maintain on land. In addition, seawater creates additional
maintenance requirements that are
their strengths and Moreover, offshore turbines are larger as not necessary for land-based turbines.
challenges. well as heavier than onshore turbines, Offshore wind turbines experience more
in order to withstand stronger forces. wear and tear from waves and higher
Besides, since offshore has more space, wind speeds than onshore turbines,
there usually isn’t any restrictions on despite the efforts to minimise the effects
height or noise. of corrosion. Turbine maintenance at
offshore facilities is a major undertaking,
For example, the average offshore turbine requiring helicopters full of highly skilled
has a rotor diameter of approximately technicians, and extensive maintenance
150 metres and a power output of 6 requires the use of highly efficient wind
megawatts (MW), while the average turbine vehicles and expensive jack-up
onshore turbine has a rotor diameter of rigs, thereby increasing the cost for rent.
approximately 100 metres and a power
output of 2 MW. On the other hand, because of the ease
38 I Indian Wind Power | June - July 2024
 ANALYSIS

in installation, transportation, and other capacity highly influence the design and So, the main focus should be on how to
factors, onshore wind farms are less installation of marine power transmission use them at the highest potential and at
expensive than offshore wind farms. infrastructure, thereby resulting in maximum efficiency rather than ignoring
However, it should be noted that when higher transmission distances and other one of them due to its drawbacks.
coming to potential lifetime cost, offshore challenges during grid connection.
may have an advantage over onshore Fortunately, India has large land areas
due to its higher output efficiency. Technology with scope for onshore wind energy
development, as well as numerous water
Environmental Impacts Since offshore wind turbines are less bodies with scope for offshore wind
mature and well-established than energy development. So, using both of
There are no noise pollution complaints onshore wind turbines, this implies that them optimally is the key to a Net Zero
associated with offshore wind farms, offshore has some room for improvement future. Moreover, integrating the latest
since the farms are far away from and optimisation. We see that offshore technologies, such as FDRE, BESS etc.,
communities and landscapes. In contrast, wind technologies are developing rapidly, will enhance efficiency and output,
onshore wind farms have noise impacts with new concepts such as floating whether in onshore or offshore. It’s our
and therefore sometimes encounter wind turbines, hybrid platforms and collective responsibility to wisely select
opposition from local communities. But digital solutions entering the market. the best options for us and develop them
on the flip side, offshore wind farms have Opportunities are increasing whereby for a cleaner and greener future.
negative impacts on marine ecosystems. offshore wind energy can integrate with
other industries, such as oil and gas,
Both offshore and onshore wind turbines shipping and hydrogen.
need to comply with environmental
regulations and perform impact On the other hand, onshore wind
assessments to minimise their impact on technology is highly established and AUTHORS
the environment. standardised, so the focus is more on
reducing costs and improving efficiency. Dr. Karunamoorthy
Capacity Factor Of course, onshore wind will continue to Neethimani
improve due to advancements in offshore Managing Director,
Onshore wind turbines have lower technology due to their close association, Windplus Private
capacity factors than offshore wind but it will be slower and less intense than Limited
turbines due to the location. For example, offshore itself.
in onshore farms, the incoming wind
may be slowed by neighbouring natural Future of Wind Energy
landscapes, such as forests or hills, or Maheswari
blocked by man-made structures, such Onshore wind energy and offshore wind Manoharan
as buildings or towers. This affects the energy have their own advantages and Assistant Manager -
incoming wind speed or causes turbulent disadvantages. Nevertheless, both of Business Development,
wind conditions that are not suitable for them utilise renewable sources of energy Windplus Private
operation, resulting in lower wind turbine and contribute to a sustainable future. Limited
power output performance.

Offshore wind turbines do not face

References:
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for the wind action due to the open brunel.net/en/blog/renewable-energy/onshore-offshore-wind
water atmosphere. Also, winds without • Nikki. (2024, February 23). Onshore vs. Offshore Wind Energy. Kiwi Energy.
obstacles are generally stronger and https://kiwienergy.us/differences-between-onshore-offshore-wind-energy/
steadier, leading to significantly more • Onshore vs offshore wind farms: An in-depth analysis. Blackridge Research. (2024,
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and-offshore-wind-energy-farms-plants-mills
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lower transmission losses and costs. energy
Grid connections for onshore projects are • Desalegn, B., Gebeyehu, D., Tamrat, B., Tadiwose, T., & Lata, A. (2023, December).
typically established via overhead lines or Onshore versus offshore wind power trends and recent study practices in modeling of
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In contrast, offshore wind farms require • Energy, W. Onshore versus offshore wind energy: Pros & cons. WindCycle.
undersea cables to connect to the https://windcycle.energy/onshore-versus-offshore/
onshore power grid, which can be • Timblin, D. (2022, August 16). The Pros and cons of onshore vs Offshore Wind
technically demanding and have higher Farms: CMC Global Consulting. TRUE EXPERTISE DELIVERED. https://www.
losses. Also, factors such as water expertisedelivered.com/insights/blog/the-pros-and-cons-of-onshore-vs-offshore-
depth, distance from shore, and network wind-farms-29/
Indian Wind Power | June - July 2024 I 39
EVENTS

Counting Down to
Windergy India 2024
Conference To Showcase Cutting-Edge Innovations

W
indergy India, the
premier event in
the wind energy
sector, is set to return for
its highly anticipated sixth
edition from October 23-
25, 2024, at the Chennai
Trade Centre. Here, we
Technical Conferences and networking opportunities among industry
underscore some of the Workshops professionals, policymakers, investors,
reasons to participate in and academia. Networking sessions,
Renowned experts and thought leaders business matchmaking events, and B2B
the Windergy India 2024 will lead insightful sessions on industry meetings will enable participants to forge
Conference. trends, technological advancements, new partnerships, strengthen existing
operational challenges, and solutions relationships, and explore collaborative
in the wind energy sector. Workshops opportunities.
will provide practical knowledge and
hands-on experience in areas such as Policy Dialogues
turbine maintenance, grid integration,
and digitalisation. The Conference topic The event will host high-level discussions
for Windergy India 2024 will be ‘Wind: on policy frameworks, regulatory updates,
Powering India’s Energy Transition’ and incentives, and investment opportunities
represents our commitment to driving in the wind energy sector. Policymakers,
India’s journey towards a sustainable and government officials, and regulatory
greener future. authorities will engage in constructive
dialogues aimed at creating an enabling
Throughout the event and the conference, environment for sustainable growth. Our
we will highlight the vital role of the wind pool of supporting associations, including
energy industry in shaping India’s clean both governmental and others, will play a
energy landscape. key role in these discussions.

The conference is designed with a series Registration and Participation

of informative seminars and engaging
panel discussions! Our lineup of industry Windergy India 2024 is anticipated to
veterans and thought leaders will cover draw over 250 exhibitors and 7,000
topics such as policy and regulatory visitors from India and across the globe,
frameworks, market trends, financing positioning it as a significant event for the
options, and cutting-edge technological wind energy industry.
advancements acting as the catalyst for
disruptor thoughts and ideas. Registration for Windergy India 2024 is
now open. Visit windergyindia2024.com
Networking Opportunities for more information on registration,
exhibition opportunities, sponsorship
Windergy India 2024 will facilitate packages, and the event agenda.

Printed by R.R. Bharath and published by Indian Wind Turbine Manufacturers Association and printed at Ace Data Prinexcel Private Limited,
3/304 F, (SF No. 676/4B), Kulathur Road, Off NH 47 Bye Pass Road, Neelambur, Coimbatore 641062 and published at Indian Wind Turbine
Manufacturers Association, Old No. 6, New No.11, 1st Main Road, Karpagam Gardens, Adyar, Chennai - 600020.
Editor: Ms. Nandini Narayanan

40 I Indian Wind Power | June - July 2024

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Vide No. TNENG/2015/60605 Date of Publishing: 24.06.2024