Submitted to:

Submitted by:

Mrs. Rajni Sadiura Rinkle Jain 10+2 Roll No.Sec. School S.A.N. Jain Sr. Ludhiana

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Many people help me to create this file and each of their contribution has been valuable. The timely completion of the file is mainly due to the interest and persuasion of Mrs. Rajni Sadiura who is not only a faculty but also a friend and guide. Her contribution will be remembered forever. I would like to thank many other individuals who have greatly contributed in completion of this file. No endeavour is a one man show. It is a combined effort of those who inspire and guide of those who participate and those who support when you stumble. I deeply indebted my parents, their belief and pride in me made me what I am. My deepest gratitude towards all my friends whom selfless love, care and ever available support help me sails smoothly through this testing period. These are and shall always be strength and the core of my instance. Without their help and co-operation the project would never have been feasible.

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CONTENTS INTRODUCTION KEY PEOPLE HISTORY GOOGLEPLEX

FINANCE & GROWTH

AQUSITIONS PARTNERSHIPS PRODUCTS AND SERVICES CORPORATE AFFAIRS

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WORK CULTURE CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION
Google Inc. is an American public corporation, earning revenue from advertising related to its Internet search, e-mail, online mapping, office productivity, social networking, and video sharing services as well as selling advertising-free versions of the same technologies. Google has also developed an open source web browser and a mobile operating system. The Google headquarters, the Googleplex, is located in Mountain View, California. As of March 31, 2009, the company has 19,786 full-time employees. The company is running thousands of servers worldwide, which process millions of search requests each day and about 1 petabyte of usergenerated data every hour. Google was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were students at Stanford University and the company was first incorporated as a privately held company on September 4, 1998. The initial public offering took place on August 19, 2004, raising $1.67 billion, implying a value for the entire corporation of $23 billion. Google has continued
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its growth through a series of new product developments, acquisitions, and partnerships. Environmentalism, philanthropy and positive employee relations have been important tenets during the growth of Google. The company has been identified multiple times as Fortune Magazine's #1 Best Place to Work, and as the most powerful brand in the world. Alexa ranks Google as the most visited website on the Internet. Google's mission is "to organize the world's information and make it universally accessible and useful". The unofficial company slogan, coined by former employee and Gmail's first engineer Paul Buchheit, is "Don't be evil".Criticism of Google includes concerns regarding the privacy of personal information, copyright, and censorship.

KEY PEOPLE
ERIC E. SCHMIDT
(CHAIRMAN & CEO)

SERGEY M. BRIN
(TECHNOLOGY PRESIDENT)

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LAWRENCE E. PAGE
(PRODUCTS PRESIDENT)

HISTORY
eGoogle began in January 1996, as a research project by Larry Page, who was soon joined by Sergey Brin, when they were both PhD students at Stanford University in California. They hypothesized that a search engine that analyzed the relationships between websites would produce better ranking of results than existing techniques, which ranked results according to the number of times the search term appeared on a page. Their search engine was originally nicknamed "BackRub" because the system checked back links to estimate the importance of a site.A small search engine called Rankdex was already exploring a similar strategy. Both Brin and Page had been against using advertising pop-ups in a search engine, or an "advertising funded search engines" model, and they wrote a research
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paper in 1998 on the topic while still students. However, they soon changed their minds and early on allowed simple text ads. In March 1999, the company moved into offices in Palo Alto, home to several other noted Silicon Valley technology start-ups. After quickly outgrowing two other sites, the company leased a complex of buildings in Mountain View, California at 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway from Silicon Graphics (SGI) in 2003.The company has remained at this location ever since, and the complex has since come to be known as the Googleplex (a play on the word googolplex). In 2006, Google bought the property from SGI for $319 million. The Google search engine attracted a loyal following among a growing number of Internet users, who liked its simple design and useful results. A patent describing part of the Google ranking mechanism (PageRank) was granted on 4 September 2001. The patent was officially assigned to Stanford University and lists Lawrence Page as the inventor.

WELCOME TO GOOGLE

The Googleplex Google's headquarters in Mountain View, California, is referred to as "the Googleplex" in a play of words;
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a googolplex being 1010100, or a one followed by a googol of zeros, and the HQ being a complex of buildings (cf. multiplex, cineplex, etc). The lobby is decorated with a piano, lava lamps, old server clusters, and a projection of search queries on the wall. The hallways are full of exercise balls and bicycles. Each employee has access to the corporate recreation center. Recreational amenities are scattered throughout the campus and include a workout room with weights and rowing machines, locker rooms, washers and dryers, a massage room, assorted video games, foosball, a baby grand piano, a pool table, and ping pong. In addition to the rec room, there are snack rooms stocked with various foods and drinks.

In 2006, Google moved into 311,000 square feet (28,900 m2) of office space in New York City, at 111 Eighth Ave. in Manhattan.[114] The office was specially designed and built for Google and houses its largest advertising sales team, which has been instrumental in securing large partnerships, most recently deals with MySpace and AOL. In 2003, they added an engineering staff in New York City, which has been responsible for more than 100 engineering projects, including Google Maps, Google Spreadsheets, and others. It is estimated that the building costs Google $10 million per year to rent and is similar in
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design and functionality to its Mountain View headquarters, including foosball, air hockey, and ping-pong tables, as well as a video game area. In November 2006, Google opened offices on Carnegie Mellon's campus in Pittsburgh. By late 2006, Google also established a new headquarters for its AdWords division in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Google is taking steps to ensure that their operations are environmentally sound. In October 2006, the company announced plans to install thousands ofsolar panels to provide up to 1.6 megawatts of electricity, enough to satisfy approximately 30% of the campus' energy needs. The system will be the largest solar power system constructed on a U.S. corporate campus and one of the largest on any corporate site in the world. Google has faced accusations in Harper's Magazine of being extremely excessive with their energy usage, and were accused of employing their "Don't be evil" motto as well as their very public energy saving campaigns as means of trying to cover up or make up for the massive amounts of energy their servers actually require. Innovation Time Off As a motivation technique (usually called Innovation Time Off), all Google engineers are encouraged to spend 20% of their work time (one day per week) on projects that interest them. Some of Google's newer services, such as Gmail, Google News, Orkut, and Ad Sense originated from these independent endeavours. . In a talk at Stanford University, Marissa Mayer, Google's Vice President of Search Products and User Experience, stated that her analysis showed that 50% of the new product launches originated from the 20% time.

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WHY GOOGLE?
The name "Google" originated from a misspelling of the word "googol", which refers to 10100, the number represented by a 1 followed by one hundred zeros. Having found its way increasingly into everyday language, the verb "google" was added to the Merriam Webster Collegiate Dictionary and the Oxford English Dictionary in 2006, meaning "to use the Google search engine to obtain information on the Internet."

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FINANCING
The first funding for Google as a company was secured in August 1998, in the form of a $100,000 contribution from Andy Bechtolsheim, co-founder of Sun Microsystems, given to a corporation which did not yet exist. On June 7, 1999 a round of funding of $25 million was announced, with the major investors being rival venture capital firms Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers and Sequoia Capital.
Balance Sheet & Cash Flow Statement
(In thousands, except DSO)

Full Year

2009 (unaudited)

2007 Cash, Cash Equivalents & Marketable Securities Accounts Receivable DSO (in days, using ending AR) Property and Equipment, Net Total Assets

2008

2009

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

14,218, 15,845, 24,484, 17,784, 19,344, 21,994, 24,484, 613 771 775 933 006 391 775

2,162,5 2,642,1 3,178,4 2,543,1 2,701,9 2,807,3 3,178,4 21 92 71 05 12 41 71 48 44 49 42 45 43 44

4,039,2 5,233,8 4,844,6 5,122,1 5,005,9 4,917,4 4,844,6 61 43 10 05 00 91 10 25,335, 31,767, 40,496, 33,513, 35,158, 37,702, 40,496, 806 575 778 029 760 845 778 5,775,4 7,852,8 9,316,1 2,249,5 1,609,1 2,725,9 2,731,5 10 57 98 12 72 83 31 2,402,8 2,358,4 809,888 262,755 139,437 186,339 221,357 40 61

Cash Flow from Operations Capital Expenditures

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The stock performance of Google after its first IPO launch has gone well, with shares hitting $700 for the first time on 31 October 2007, due to strong sales and earnings in the advertising market, as well as the release of new features such as the desktop search function and its iGoogle personalized home page.

GROWTH
While the primary business interest is in the web content arena, Google has begun experimenting with other markets, such as radio and print publications. On 17 January 2006, Google announced the purchase of a radio advertising company "dMarc", which provides an automated system that allows companies to advertise on the radio. This will allow Google to combine two niche advertising mediathe Internet and radiowith Google's ability to laser-focus on the tastes of consumers. They have been filling unsold space in the newspaper that would have normally been used for inhouse advertisements.

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AQUISITIONS
Since 2001, Google has acquired several companies, mainly focusing on small start-ups. In 2004, Google acquired a company called Keyhole, Inc., which developed a product called Earth Viewer, renamed in 2005 to Google Earth. In February 2006, software company Adaptive Path sold Measure Map, a weblog statistics application, to Google. Registration to the service has since been temporarily disabled. The last update regarding the future of Measure Map was made on 6 April 2006 and outlined many of the known issues of the service. In late 2006, Google bought the online video site YouTube for $1.65 billion in stock. Shortly after, on 31 October 2006, Google announced that it had also acquired JotSpot, a developer of wiki technology for collaborative Web sites. On 13 April 2007, Google reached an agreement to acquire DoubleClick. Google agreed to buy the company for $3.1 billion. On 2 July 2007, Google purchased GrandCentral. Google agreed to buy the company for $50 million. On 9 July 2007, Google announced that it had signed a definitive agreement to acquire enterprise messaging security and compliance company Postini.

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PARTNERSHIPS
In 2005, Google entered into partnerships with other companies and government agencies to improve production and services. Google announced a partnership with NASA Ames Research Center to build up 1,000,000 square feet (93,000 m2) of offices and work on research projects involving large-scale data management, nanotechnology, distributed computing, and the entrepreneurial space industry. Google also entered into a partnership with Sun Microsystems in October to help share and distribute each other's technologies. The company entered into a partnership with AOL of Time Warner, to enhance each other's video search services. The same year, the company became a major financial investor of the new .mobi top-level domain for mobile devices, in conjunction with several other companies, including Microsoft,Nokia, and Ericsson among others. In September 2007, Google launched, "Adsense for Mobile", a service for its publishing partners which provides the ability to monetize their mobile websites through the targeted placement of mobile text ads, and acquired the mobile social networking site, Zingku.mobi, to "provide people worldwide with direct access to Google applications, and ultimately the information they want and need, right from their mobile devices." In 2006, Google and Fox Interactive Media of News Corp. entered into a $900 million agreement to provide search and advertising on the popular social networking site, MySpace.
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Google has developed a partnership with GeoEye to launch a satellite providing Google with high-resolution (0.41 m monochrome, 1.65 m color) imagery for Google Earth. The satellite was launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base on 6 September 2008.

PRODUCTS AND SERVICES

Google has created services and tools for the general public and business environment alike, including Web applications, advertising networks and solutions for businesses.

1.

Google Search & its features - Google search is the most popular search engine on the Web. Blogger - A free blog publishing tool for easily sharing your thoughts with the world.

2.

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3.

FeedBurner Allows bloggers and podcasters to manage their RSS feeds. Google AdSense Place contextual Google ads on your site and earn money. Google AdWords - Advertise online and pay only when people click on your ad. Google Affiliate Network (DoubleClick) - Fullservice online marketing company specializing in pay-for-performance media. Google Alerts - Google Alerts are email updates of the latest relevant Google results (web, news, etc.) based on your choice of query or topic. Google Analytics (Urchin) - Google Analytics makes it easy to improve your results online. Apps - Software-as-a-service for business email, information sharing and security. Base - Google Base is a place where you can easily submit all types of online and offline content. Blog Search - Blog Search is Google search technology focused on blogs. Bookmarks - Google Bookmarks is an online service that lets you save your favorite sites and attach labels and comments. Book Search Search and preview millions of books from libraries and publishers worldwide. Calendar - Keep track of all your lifes important events birthdays, reunions, little league games, doctors appointments all in one place.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

10. Google 11. Google

12. Google 13. Google

14. Google

15. Google

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16. Google

Checkout - Buy from stores across the web and track all your orders and shipping in one place. Chrome - A browser that combines a minimal design with sophisticated technology to make the web faster, safer, and easier. Code - Code is for external developers interested in Google related development. Contacts Similar to an online address book, the Contact Manager gives you easy access to the people you want to reach. Custom Search Engine & Google Subscribed Links With Google Custom Search Engine and Subscribed Links, you can create a search engine tailored to your needs and lets you create custom search results that users can add to their Google search pages. Google Desktop - Search your computer as easily as you search the web with Google. Dictionary - Free online dictionary. Directory - The web organized by topic into categories. Documents Free web-based word processor and spreadsheet, which allow you share and collaborate online. Earth & Google Mars - Offers maps and satellite images for complex or pinpointed regional searches. Finance - Offers a broad range of information about stocks, mutual funds, and companies.

17. Google

18. Google 19. Google

20. Google

21.

22. Google 23. Google 24. Google

25. Google

26. Google

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27. Google

Friend Connect Instantly awakens and strengthens the community that visits your site by enriching it with social features. Gears - A Firefox and Internet Explorer extension that allows to navigate on compatible websites offline and synchronize when going back online. Groups - Where groups of people have discussions about common interests. Health - Puts you in charge of your health information. Image Search & Similar Images - The most comprehensive image search on the web. Google Search Images allows you to search for images using pictures rather than words. In Quotes Allows you to find quotes from stories linked to from Google News. Knol - Knol makes it free and easy to create, collaborate on, and publish credible web content. a map. Latitude - See where your friends are on

28. Google

29. Google 30. Google 31. Google

32. Google 33. Google

34. Google 35. Google

Mail (Gmail) - Gmail is a new kind of webmail, built on the idea that email can be more intuitive, efficient, and useful. Maps & Google Map Maker - Find local businesses, view maps and get driving directions. With Map Maker you can edit the map in more than a hundred countries and watch your edits go into Google Maps. Mobile - Upgrade your phone with free Google products.

36. Google

37. Google

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38. Google

News, News Archive Search & Google News Timeline - Aggregated headlines and a search engine of many of the worlds news sources. News archive search provides an easy way to search and explore historical archives. News Timeline is a web application that organizes information chronologically. Notebook (SearchWiki) - With Google Notebook, you can browse, clip, and organize information from across the web in a single online location thats accessible from any computer. Patents - Search the full text of the U.S. patent corpus and find patents that interest you. Reader - Web based feed reader to keep up with blogs and news. Scholar - Provides a search of scholarly literature across many disciplines and sources, including theses, books, abstracts and articles. Sets - Automatically create sets of items from a few examples. Sites - Google Sites is a free and easy way to create and share web pages. models. SketchUp - Create, modify and share 3D

39. Google

40. Google 41. Google 42. Google

43. Google 44. Google 45. Google 46. Google 47. Google 48. Google 49. Google

Sky - Google Sky includes a number of different ways to explore the universe.. Suggest - As you type your search, Google offers keyword suggestions in real time. Talk - Chat with family and friends over the Internet for free. Translate Free online language translation service instantly translates text and web pages.

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50. Google 51. Google 52. Google

Video - Search and watch millions of videos indexed from all over the web. Wave Google Wave is a new online communication and collaboration tool. Web Accelerator - Google Web Accelerator works with your browser to help web pages show up in a snap. Webmaster Tools - Provides you with detailed reports about your pages visibility on Google. - Your personalized Google home page. - Create your own microblog and connect with your friends. - Social networking site designed to make your social life more active and stimulating. - Helps you organize, edit, and share your photos.

53. Google

54. iGoogle 55. Jaiku

56. Orkut

57. Picasa

58. YouTube

- Share your videos with friends, family, and the world.

CORPORATE AFFAIRS & CULTURE

Google is known for its informal corporate culture, of which its playful variations on its own corporate logo are an indicator. In 2007 and 2008, Fortune Magazine placed Google at the top of its list of the hundred best places to work. Google's corporate philosophy embodies such casual principles as "you can make money without doing evil," "you can be serious without a suit," and "work should be challenging and the challenge should be fun." Google has been criticized for having salaries below industry standards. For example, some system administrators earn no more than $35,000 per year considered to be quite low for the Bay Area job
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market. However, Google's stock performance following its IPO has enabled many early employees to be competitively compensated by participation in the corporation's remarkable equity growth. After the company's IPO in August 2004, it was reported that founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page, and CEO Eric Schmidt, requested that their base salary be cut to $1. Subsequent offers by the company to increase their salaries have been turned down, primarily because, "their primary compensation continues to come from returns on their ownership stakes in Google. As significant stockholders, their personal wealth is tied directly to sustained stock price appreciation and performance, which provides direct alignment with stockholder interests." Prior to 2004, Schmidt was making $250,000 per year, and Page and Brin each earned a salary of $150,000. In 2007 and through early 2008, Google has seen the departure of several top executives. Gideon Yu, former chief financial officer of YouTube, a Google unit, joined Facebook along with Benjamin Ling, a highranking engineer, who left in October 2007. In March 2008, two senior Google leaders announced their desire to pursue other opportunities. Sheryl Sandburg, ex-VP of global online sales and operations began her position as COO of Facebook while Ash ElDifrawi, former head of brand advertising, left to become CMO of Netshops Inc. Google's persistent cookie and other information collection practices have led to concerns over user privacy. As of 11 December 2007, Google, like the Microsoft search engine, stores "personal information for 18 months" and by comparison, AOL (Time Warner) "retain[s] search requests for 13 months", and Yahoo! 90 days. U.S. District Court Judge Louis Stanton, on July 1, 2008 ordered Google to give YouTube user data / log
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to Viacom to support its case in a billiondollar copyright lawsuit against Google. Google and Viacom, however, on July 14, 2008, agreed in compromise to protect YouTube users' personal data in the $1 billion copyright lawsuit. Google agreed it will make user information and Internet protocol addresses from its YouTube subsidiary anonymous before handing over the data to Viacom. The privacy deal also applied to other litigants including the FA Premier League, the Rodgers & Hammerstein Organisation and the Scottish Premier League. The deal however did not extend the anonymity to employees, since Viacom would prove that Google staff are aware of uploading of illegal material to the site. The parties therefore will further meet on the matter lest the data be made available to the court.

v/s OTHERS
Google is by no means the end all be all of search engines, it just happens to be one of the most powerful at the moment. Other search engines are catching up to Google, and maybe sometime in the near future will even knock Google from being number one.

CONCLUSION

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Google Inc., a technology company, maintains index of Websites and other online content for users, advertisers, Google network members, and other content providers. Its automated search technology helps users to obtain instant access to relevant information from its online index. The company provides targeted advertising and Internet search solutions, as well as intranet solutions via an enterprise search appliance. Its products and services for users include Google.com for search and personalization, which provides Google Web Search, Google Image Search, Google Book Search, Google Scholar etc. The companys products for users also comprise Google Docs, Google Calendar, Gmail, Google Groups, Google Reader, orkut, Blogger, Google Sites, and YouTube. In addition, it offers Google Toolbar, Google Chrome, Google Pack, Picasa, and Google Desktop for users; and Google GEO product line comprising Google Earth, Google Maps, and Google Sketchup Further, the company provides Google Mobile product line for users to search and view the mobile Web, the Google index, and maps and satellite imagery; and Google Labs, a testbed for engineers and Google users. Additionally, it offers Google AdWords, an auction-based advertising program. The company also offers Google Enterprise product line comprising Google Apps that provides

hosted communication and collaboration tools for

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businesses, schools, and nonprofit organizations; and Google Mini and Google Search Appliance products for small and medium sized businesses.

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