CLASS: X

SUBJECT: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Chapter 3: Information and Communication
Technology Skills
Term : 1
 Session 1: Introduction to ICT

ICT stands for Information and Communication Technology. It includes a diverse set of technological tools
and resources used to communicate, create, disseminate, store, and manage information.

ICT includes computers, the Internet, broadcasting technologies (radio and television) and telephony.

Information can be recorded or stored in many ways. It can be hand-written on paper, typed using a
typewriter or a computer and so on. When information is stored and recorded on electronic devices, it takes
on a ‘digital’ form. ICT devices are tablet, smartphones and laptops.

In this section, we will read about the functioning of some devices which we use in daily life.
ICT at Workplace

ICT is a very important part of the workplace. Almost all the sectors of the economy use ICT to store
information and for the transaction of money. Nowadays all the information is being digitalised as it is very
easy to send to many people in a very little time.

At the workplace, we use different programs to complete our tasks like in banking we use ICT for maintaining
records of people and for the transaction of money. In the same manner, we use computers for editing
videos, booking tickets, animating, recording, storing data etc.

ICT at Home

ICT has also become a part of our home appliances. These days Television is very common in every house
for entertainment and Mobile for calling. Now mobile is also used for online classes. Smartphones with
internet connections are very helpful to stay connected with our friends, family through Facebook, Instagram
etc.
Session 2: ICT Tools: SMARTPHONES AND TABLET-I
Difference between a Smartphone and Tablet
TV and Radio: TV and radio are being used as an ICT tool since a long time. Radio is used to broadcast audio while TV
is used to broadcast audio-visual information to many people. Radio and TV are used for both entertainment and to learn
new things. You can hear news, songs, stories, speeches, cricket commentary, etc., on radio, while TV is used for
watching movies, news, weather forecast, songs, cartoons and educational lectures.

Applications or apps: Apps are software programs (a set of instructions, or a set of modules or procedures, that allow
for a certain type of computer operation) that perform different functions. Some of the apps are already present on the
phone or tablet. These are called “default” apps.
There are many apps present in an online stores like google play store and Apple App Store. We can purchase or
download it free of cost.

Commonly found applications

Session 3: ICT Tools: Smartphones and Tablets-II
To operate your smartphone, you need to know about basic controls and functions and their uses.
Mobile Device Layout
Basic feature of Mobile Device
Home Screen of a Mobile Device

Status Bar: The top part of Screen is called the Status

Bar. It shows icons of network signal, battery life, Wi-Fi
and Bluetooth connectivity etc.

Middle Part: It consists of icons of applications. These

can be placed anywhere. There can be several pages
of icons.

Dock: It is the lower part of the screen. The apps in

this area can always seen even if we move to a
different page.
Basic gestures used

Gestures are used to interact with the touchscreen of the mobile device. Some gesture as follows:

• Tap: Touch the screen with your finger, once, to click.

• Tap and hold: This is similar to right-clicking your mouse.

• Drag: To tap, hold and move your finger across the screen.

• Swipe: To slide finger to the right, left, up or down of the screen like turning a page.

• Double tap: To tap twice quickly─this is to zoom out (increase the size of) of something. For example, to make
a word appear bigger.

• Pinch: To bring thumb and finger together on the screen─to zoom in (reduce the size). For example, to make a
picture appear smaller.
Session 4: Parts of a Computer and Peripherals
Central Processing Unit (CPU)

It is the part of the computer which carries out all the tasks. It mainly processes the input data and gives the
output data.
There are three main components of a CPU
1. Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)
2. Control Unit (CU)
3. Memory Unit (MU)
a. Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) – Arithmetic and logical unit performs all arithmetic and logical
operations. for example subtraction, addition, division and multiplication.
b. Control Unit (CU) – Control Unit instructs the computer system to perform a particular task. It takes
instructions from memory and executes them.
c. Memory Unit (MU) – Memory Unit used to store data or instructions. there are two type of memory unit

Motherboard
Motherboard, also referred to as a system board, is the main circuit board inside a computer. It
connects input, processing and output devices.
Ports and connections

A port is a physical docking point using which an external device can be connected to the computer. We can
connect our keyboard, mouse, printer and scanner through the port
There are several types of ports that you can use to connect a computer to external devices.
a. Universal serial bus or the USB port – USB port is used to transfer data, It also works as an interface for
peripheral devices. It connects, such as a mouse or a keyboard or a printer to a computer using the cable.
b. Display port – Separate video connector is used for transmitting only video signals. Display port connect the
monitor to the display unit. Different types of video connector are available, like High Definition Multimedia
Interface (HDMI) and Video Graphics Array depending on the requirement.
c. Audio ports – Audio ports are used to connect speakers or other audio devices with the computer. like
headphones, speakers or microphone. headphones and speaker port is known as line out port and microphone
port is known as line in port.
d. Ethernet – Ethernet port is used for connecting computers to the network, with the ethernet port we can transfer
data from one computer to another or we can transfer high speed internet.
e. Power port – Power port is used for connecting the computer system to the power supply.
Session 5: Basic Computer Operations
Computer hardware: The physical part of a computer which we can touch like monitor, CPU, UPS, keyboard,
Mouse etc are the hardware of the computer.

Software: The part that we cannot see or touch like programmes on a computer. The software makes
hardware work or interacts with humans. The most important software is OS (Operating System). It starts
working as soon as we start the computer. Example: Windows, Ubuntu, Linux etc.

Starting a computer To start a computer, press the Power button on the CPU. This will start the Windows
operating system and display the Windows desktop on the monitor.

Basic functions performed when a computer starts When we start the computer, it runs automatically a
basic program BIOS which self tests. If everything is ok then it runs OS and finally, the computer starts.

Login and logout

When multiple users use the same computer and want to secure their data separately then they can create
login IDs. each one has a different password to start the computer and after completing the task logout is done.

Shutting down a computer

It is a process to turn off the computer. To shut down the computer in Ubuntu by clicking “Systems” at the top
right and then click on Shut Down. In windows, we can click Alt+F4 to shut down the computer.
Kyboard: is an input device used to type text, numbers and commands into the computers. It has various keys i.e.

a. :Function keys – F1 to F12 are function keys in the keyboard, function keys are used for specific purposes.

b. Control keys – Keys, such as Control (CTRL), SHIFT, SPACEBAR, ALT, CAPS LOCK, and TAB, are special control
keys that perform special functions depending on when and where they are used.

c. Enter key – ENTER or RETURN keys are known as Enter key, depending on the brand of computer that you are using. It
is used to move the cursor to the beginning of a new line. In some programs, it is used to send commands and to confirm a
task on a computer.

d. Punctuation keys – It includes keys for punctuation marks, such as colon (:), semicolon (;), question mark (?), single
quotation marks (‘ ’), and double quotation marks (“ ”).

e. Navigation keys – END, HOME, PAGE DOWN, PAGE UP and Arrow keys are known as navigation keys, these keys are
used to move up, down, left or right in the document.

f. Command keys – BACKSPACE, INSERT (INS) and DELETE(DEL) are known as command keys. INSERT key allows
you to overwrite characters to the right side. The DELETE command key and BACKSPACE key are used to remove typed
text, character, or any other objects from the right and left side of the cursor.

g. Windows key – Windows key is used to open the Start menu.

Mouse: A mouse is a small device that you can use to move, select, and open items on your
computer screen.

Function of a mouse.
1) Point and click
2) Roll Over/Hover
3) Drag and Drop
4) Double Click
Session 6: Performing Basic File Operation

Files and folders

File: All information are kept in files. Files have names and extensions. Different files have different
extensions to identify the file types. Ex- .txt for text document, .jpeg for image, .avi for video etc

Folder: It is a location where a group of files can be stored. We can create a no. of folders inside the
folder. A folder within folded is called a subfolder.
Session 7: Communication and Networking - Basics of Internet
The Internet is a huge network of computers around the world. Using the Internet you can get any information that is
stored in a web page on the World Wide Web.

There is no limit to what you can do online, but some of the most common uses are:
Types of connections

(a) Wired connections: When the internet is connected through a wired medium like ethernet cable.

(b) Wireless connection: When the internet is connected through a wireless medium like Wifi

Bandwidth

Bandwidth is the amount of data that can be transmitted over a network in acertain amount of time.

In case of digital devices, the bandwidth is usually expressed in bits per second (bps) or bytes per second .

In case of analog devices, the bandwidth is expressed in cycles per second, or Hertz (Hz).

Data transfer speed over the networks (including the internet) is calculated in terms of bits per second.

1 Kbps (kilo bits per second) = 1000 bits per second

1 Mbps (mega bits per second) = 1000 kilo bits per second
1 Gbps (giga bits per second) = 1,000 mega bits per second

Internet browser: The application software is used to visit websites. Example -Chrome, Firefox
Session 8: Communication and Networking- Internet Browsing
World Wide Web

The World Wide Web (WWW) or simply the Web is a huge collection of information as shown symbolically in Figure 3.42.
It is a vast network of linked hypertext files, stored on computers throughout the world, that can provide a computer user
with information on a huge variety of subjects. Thus, it serves as a platform through which users can use or share
information.

It is made up of

1) A web page : It is a document present on a computer that is connected to the Internet. There are hundreds of web
pages. Each web page has a unique address/location like the address of a house. We can use the address to see a
particular web page. For example, the address of NCERT is http://ncert.nic.in

2) A system to transfer information between the web browser and the web pages

3) A web browser: It (commonly referred to as a browser) is a software application for using and sharing information on
the World Wide Web. Ex- Chrome, Opera, Firefox
Important parts of a web browser

(i) Address bar: To type the address of the webpage

(ii) Tabbed browsing (Ctrl+T): It is used to view multiple web pages in the same
window

(iii) Back and forward buttons: Used to get back or next page

(iv) Refresh button (F5): To refresh the page

Session 9: Communication and Networking — Introduction to e-Mail

Electronic mail or e-mail is a quick way of sending messages to people using the Internet. Electronic
mail is a message sent over the Internet from one person to another. We can send videos, documents,
spreadsheets, etc., along with the e-mail as attachments.

E-mail ID or Address
The e-mail address is made up of two parts separated by the @ symbol. Ex- [email protected],
crackmycbse is the name given by the user and gmail.com domain which provides mail service

Benefits of using E-mails.

1. E-mails can be sent to multiple users along with the attachments.
2. They are fast as they reach anyone around the world immediately
3. It is free as most services do not charge money.
4. It is environment friendly, as no paper is used.
5. We can send images, videos and other type of files as attachments.
Let us compare the way a postal mail and an e-mail is sent as shown in Table
Session 10: Communication and Networking-Creating an e-Mail Account
Session 11: Communication and Networking— Writing an e-Mail
Session 12: Communication and Networking — Receiving and Replying to e-mails
THANK YOU