INTRODUCTION TO ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Humans developed machines to make their lives easier to accomplish tasks which are too tedious
or are time consuming. Therefore humans put efforts in making the machines more sophisticated
and smart.
Children are asked to compare old TV and smart TVs. How they differ in their working.
Similarly Old phones and smartphones are compared, to understand about latest facilities in smart
phones.

Mention two types of machines which have evolved with time.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE:
Artificial is something which is man-made, which does not occur naturally.
Intelligence is the ‘ability to perceive or infer information, and to retain it as knowledge to be applied
towards adaptive behaviours within an environment or context.’

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE:

Human Intelligence is defined in terms of :

1. Ability to observe, recognize and understand
2. Ability to make ‘smart’ decisions and solve problems
3. Ability to learn and increase knowledge

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Any device that can perform the above, can be termed as intelligent device.
When a machine possesses the ability to mimic human traits i.e make decisions, predict the future,
learn and improve on its own by collecting data, understand it, analyse it , learn from it and improve
it, it is said to have Artificial Intelligence. Machines become intelligent once they are trained with
data and algorithm.

Define Artificial Intelligence.

How does a machine become Artificially Intelligent?

Mention four examples of artificially intelligent applications in our smart phones.

Answer:
Phone Smart Lock / Snapchat filter / Shopping websites / Netflix / YouTube / Face
Detection / Google Maps / Emotions recognition / Google assistant / Natural
language recognition / image detection / beauty filters etc.

THE ABILITIES THAT ARE INVOLVED IN INTELLIGENCE:

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There are mainly 9 types of Intelligence :-

1. Mathematical Logical Intelligence: A person's ability to regulate, measure, and

understand numerical symbols, abstraction and logic.
2. Linguistic Intelligence: Language processing skills both in terms of understanding or
implementation in writing or speech.
3. Spatial Visual Intelligence: It is defined as the ability to perceive the visual world and the
relationship of one object to another.
4. Kinaesthetic Intelligence: Ability that is related to how a person uses his limbs in a skilled
manner.
5. Musical Intelligence: As the name suggests, this intelligence is about a person's ability to
recognize and create sounds, rhythms, and sound patterns.
6. Intrapersonal Intelligence: Describes the level of self-awareness someone has starting
from realizing weakness, strength, to recognizing his own feelings.
7. Existential Intelligence: An additional category of intelligence relating to religious and
spiritual awareness.
8. Naturalist Intelligence: An additional category of intelligence relating to the ability to
process information on the environment around us.
9. Interpersonal Intelligence: Interpersonal intelligence is the ability to communicate with
others by understanding other people's feelings and the influence of the person.

Every human being has all 9 intelligence, but at different levels.

What do you understand by mathematical and logical reasoning?

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Exercise – 1 :
Teachers can list out some professions and ask students to identify the type of intelligence used in
their professions.
For Eg:

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Lawers : Linguistic Intelligence
Musicians : Musical Intelligence
Architect : Mathematical, Logical Reasoning
Exercise – 2 :
Allow students to check on, the type of intelligence used by them, when they are exposed to
various scenarios.

Identify and list the intelligence types that you have in descending order.

What is Intelligence? Explain in brief any three types of intelligence that are mainly perceived by
human beings?

What do you understand by Interpersonal Intelligence?

APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AROUND US:

a. Google Search Engine:
With the help of AI, Google Search Engines, turned into intelligent search, producing direct
answers. It uses voice and image searches and incorporated deep learning to fasten the searches
with more accuracy.
b. Voice assistant:
AI is being used in voice assistants to recognize words spoken by the user. NLP has capabilities
like “Speech-to-Text” convert the natural language of the user into text for further processing. Digital
assistants improve its performance over time.
c. E-commerce website:

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With the use of big data, AI in E-Commerce is impacting customer choices by recording the data
of previous purchases, searched products, and online browsing habits.
d. Navigate to Places:
To help us navigate to places, apps like UBER and Google Maps exist. Thus, one no longer needs
to stop to ask for directions.
e. Improved Gaming Experience:
AI has changed the world of gaming by making the game more intelligent with enhanced graphics,
providing the ability to learn using machine learning algorithms. Games, understand human
patterns and give responses to new difficulty levels. AI can adapt to your playing style by making
the game more exciting.
f. Platforms that provide recommendations:
Platforms like Netflix, Amazon, Spotify, YouTube etc. show us recommendations on the basis of
what we like. They even cater to needs of connecting with friends on social media platforms with
apps like Facebook and Instagram. They also send us customized notifications about our online
shopping details, auto-create playlists according to our requests and so on. Taking selfies with
Snapchat filters are all possible now.
g. Monitor Health:
AI is also being used to monitor our health. Chatbots and other health apps are available, which
continuously monitor the physical and mental health of its users.
The humanoids like Sophia, to get citizenship, biometric security systems like the face locks in
phones, real-time language translators, weather forecasts, all use AI.

WHAT IS AI & WHAT IS NOT AI :

WHAT IS NOT AI?

a. A fully automatic washing machine:
It can work on its own, but it requires human intervention to select the parameters of washing and
to do the necessary preparation for it to function correctly before each wash, which makes it an
example of automation, not AI.
b. An Air Conditioner working remotely :
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An air conditioner can be turned on and off remotely with the help of internet but still needs a human
touch. This is an example of Internet of Things (IoT).
c. Automated Robots :
Robots which might follow a path or maybe can avoid obstacles but need to be primed accordingly
each time.
d. Automated Projects using Sensors :
A lot of projects which can automate our surroundings with the help of sensors, bots or the
automation machine is not trained with any data, it does not count as AI.
e. All "smart" devices are not AI-enabled :
For example, a TV does not become AI-enabled if it is a smart one.
NOTE: It gets the power of AI when it is able to think and process on its own.

AI, ML & DL :

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Refers to the technique that enables computers to mimic human intelligence. It gives the ability to
machines to recognize a human’s face; to move and manipulate objects; to understand the voice
commands by humans etc. The AI-enabled machines think algorithmically and execute intelligently.
Machine Learning (ML)
It is a subset of Artificial Intelligence which enables machines to improve at tasks with experience
(data) using the provided data and make accurate Predictions/ Decisions.
Deep Learning (DL)

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It enables software to train itself to perform tasks with vast amounts of data. In Deep Learning, the
machine is trained with huge amounts of data which helps it in training itself around the data. Such
machines are intelligent enough to develop algorithms for themselves.

Differentiate between Machine Learning & Deep Learning.

Machine Learning Deep Learning
Performs well on small to medium
Data Performs well on large datasets
datasets
Hardware Able to function on CPU Requires significant computing power e.g., GPU
Features need to be manually
Features Learns features automatically
identified
Training time Quick to train Computationally intensive

Compare Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning & Deep Learning.

Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning Deep Learning

AI stands for Artificial DL stands for Deep

Intelligence, and is ML stands for Machine Learning, and is the study
basically the study/process Learning, and is the study that makes use of Neural
which enables machines to that uses statistical methods Networks (similar to neurons
mimic human behaviour enabling machines to present in human brain) to
through particular improve with experience. imitate functionality just like a
algorithm. human brain.

AI is the broader family

consisting of ML and DL as ML is the subset of AI. DL is the subset of ML.
it’s components.

DL is a ML algorithm that
AI is a computer algorithm ML is an AI algorithm which uses deep (more than one
which exhibits intelligence allows system to learn from layer) neural networks to
through decision making. data. analyze data and provide
output accordingly.

If you are clear about the

If you have a clear idea
math involved in it but don’t
about the logic (math)
have idea about the features,
involved in behind and you
Search Trees and much so you break the complex
can visualize the complex
complex math is involved in functionalities into
functionalities like K-Mean,
AI. linear/lower dimension
Support Vector Machines,
features by adding more
etc., then it defines the ML
layers, then it defines the DL
aspect.
aspect.

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 It attains the highest rank in
The aim is to basically The aim is to increase
terms of accuracy when it is
increase chances of accuracy not caring much
trained with large amount of
success and not accuracy. about the success ratio.
data.

DL can be considered as
neural networks with a large
Three broad number of parameters layers
categories/types Of AI are: Three broad lying in one of the four
Artificial Narrow categories/types Of ML are: fundamental network
Intelligence (ANI), Artificial Supervised Learning, architectures: Unsupervised
General Intelligence (AGI) Unsupervised Learning and Pre-trained Networks,
and Artificial Super Reinforcement Learning Convolutional Neural
Intelligence (ASI) Networks, Recurrent Neural
Networks and Recursive
Neural Networks

The efficiency Of AI is Less efficient than DL as it

More powerful than ML as it
basically the efficiency can’t work for longer
can easily work for larger
provided by ML and DL dimensions or higher
sets of data.
respectively. amount of data.

Examples of AI
applications include: Examples of ML applications Examples of DL applications
Google’s AI-Powered include: Virtual Personal include: Sentiment based
Predictions, Ridesharing Assistants: Siri, Alexa, news aggregation, Image
Apps Like Uber and Lyft, Google, etc., Email Spam analysis and caption
Commercial Flights Use an and Malware Filtering. generation, etc.
AI Autopilot, etc.

INTRODUCTION TO AI DOMAINS:
Artificial Intelligence becomes intelligent according to the training which it gets. For training, the
machine is fed with datasets. According to the applications for which the AI algorithm is being
developed, the data which is fed into it changes.
With respect to the type of data fed in the AI model, AI models can be broadly categorized into
three domains:

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a. Data Sciences
Data sciences is a domain of AI related to data systems and processes. The system collects
numerous data, maintains data sets, and derives meaning/sense out of them.
The information extracted through data science can be used to make a decision about it.
Example of Data Science:
Price Comparison Websites
These websites are being driven by lots of data giving us the convenience of comparing the price
of a product from multiple vendors at one place.
PriceGrabber, PriceRunner, Junglee, Shopzilla, DealTime are some examples of price
comparison websites.
b. Computer Vision
Computer Vision (CV) , is a domain of AI that depicts the capability of a machine to get and analyze
visual information and predict some decisions about it. The entire process involves image
acquiring, screening, analyzing, identifying and extracting information. This extensive processing
helps computers to understand any visual content and act on it accordingly.
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In computer vision, Input to machines can be photographs, videos and pictures from thermal or
infrared sensors, indicators and different sources.
Computer vision related projects translate digital visual data into descriptions. This data is then
turned into computer-readable language to aid the decision-making process. The main objective
of this domain of AI is to teach machines to collect information from pixels.
Examples of Computer Vision
Self-Driving cars/ Automatic Cars
CV systems scan live objects and analyse them, based on whether the car decides to keep running
or to stop.
Face Lock in Smartphones
Smartphones come with the feature of face locks in which the smartphone’s owner can set up
his/her face as an unlocking mechanism for it. The front camera detects and captures the face and
saves its features during initiation. Next time onwards, whenever the features match, the phone is
unlocked.
c. Natural Language Processing
Natural Language Processing (NLP) , is a branch of artificial intelligence that deals with the
interaction between computers and humans using the natural language.
Natural language refers to language that is spoken and written by people, and natural language
processing (NLP) attempts to extract information from the spoken and written word using
algorithms.
The ultimate objective of NLP is to read, decipher, understand, and make sense of the human
languages in a manner that is valuable.
It has two main components:
Natural Language Understanding (NLU): It is used for spoken or written language to provide a
link between natural language inputs and what they present. It analyzes different aspects of
language.
Natural Language Generation (NLG): It helps to produce meaningful phrases and sentences
along with Text planning, Sentence Planning, and Text realization.
Examples of Natural Language Processing
Email filters
Email filters are one of the most basic and initial applications of NLP online. It started out with spam
filters, uncovering certain words or phrases that signal a spam message.
Smart assistants
Smart assistants like Apple’s Siri and Amazon’s Alexa recognize patterns in speech, then infer
meaning and provide a useful response.

What are AI Domains ?

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Pick the odd one out and justify your answer:
a. Snap Chat Filter
b. Face Lock in Phone
c. Chatbot
d. Image search Option

Answer: Chatbot, as it is NLP based, the other three are Computer vision based

Applications of Artificial Intelligence around us

Every now and then, we surf the internet for things on Google without realizing how efficiently
Google always responds to us with accurate answers. Not only does it come up with results to our
search in a matter of seconds, it also suggests and autocorrects our typed sentences.

We nowadays have pocket assistants that can do a lot of tasks at just one command. Alexa, Google
Assistant, Cortana, Siri are some very common examples of the voice assistants which are a major
part of our digital devices.

To help us navigate to places, apps like UBER and Google Maps come in there. Thus, one no
longer needs to stop repeatedly to ask for directions.

AI has completely enhanced the gaming experience for its users. A lot of games nowadays are
backed up with AI which helps in enhancing the graphics, come up with new difficulty levels,
encourage gamers, etc.

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AI has not only made our lives easier but has also been taking care of our habits, likes, and dislikes.
This is why platforms like Netflix, Amazon, Spotify, YouTube etc. show us recommendations on
the basis of what we like.

AI is also being used to monitor our health. A lot of chatbots and other health apps are available,
which continuously monitor the physical and mental health of its users.

These applications are not limited to smart devices but also vary to humanoids like Sophia, the
very first humanoid robot sophisticated enough to get citizenship, biometric security systems like
the face locks we have in our phones, real-time language translators, weather forecasts, and
whatnot! This list is huge, and this module will go on forever if we keep tabulating them. So, take
some time, discuss with a friend and identify more and more AI applications around you!

AI Ethics
AI ethics is a set of values, principles and techniques that employee widely accepted standards of
right and wrong to guide moral conduct in the development and use of AI technology.
AI Bias and AI Access
Bias means inclination or prejudice for or against one person or group, especially in a way
considered to be unfair. When AI programs, tool, and algorithm exhibit any kind of bias, it is called
AI bias.
AI Access
Since Artificial Intelligence is still a budding technology, not everyone has the opportunity to access
it. The people who can afford AI enabled devices make the most of it while others who cannot are
left behind. Because of this, a gap has emerged between these two classes of people and it gets
widened with the rapid advancement of technology

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