Review Innovations Bridge Course for November 2024 – Basic Algebra 1

PEMDAS 6. log 𝑎 1 = 0
Procedure – Order of Operations 7. If log 𝑎 𝑀 = 𝑁, then 𝑎𝑁 = 𝑀
8. If log 𝑎 𝑀 = log 𝑎 𝑁, then 𝑀 = 𝑁
1. First, perform all operations within parentheses or 9. log 𝑒 𝑀 = ln 𝑀 where 𝑒 = 2.718 … (Naperian
other grouping symbols (according to the following logarithm)
order). 10. log10 𝑀 = log 𝑀
log 𝑀 ln 𝑀
2. Next, perform all exponential operations (that is, 11. log 𝑁 𝑀 = =
log 𝑁 ln 𝑁
raising to powers or finding roots).
3. Then, perform all multiplications and divisions from
Sample Problems
left to right.
1. A formula used in the study of statistics to find a
4. Finally, perform all additions and subtractions from
standard score (or z-score) is
left to right.
𝑥̅ − 𝜇
Two algebraic expressions joined by an equal sign form an 𝑧=
equation. Some examples of equations are. 𝜎⁄√𝑛
• −𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 10 = 2 Find the value of 𝒛 when 𝒙 ̅=𝟏𝟐𝟎, 𝝁=𝟏𝟎𝟎,
• 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 1 𝒏=𝟒, and 𝝈=𝟏𝟔.
GENERAL PROCEDURE FOR SOLVING EQUATIONS
2. Find the value of 𝒏 when 𝒙 ̅=𝟖𝟎, 𝝁=𝟕𝟓,
𝒛=𝟓, and 𝝈=𝟏𝟓.
1. If the equation contains fractions, multiply both 2
sides of the equation by the lowest common 3. Solve for x, if 5𝑥 = 625
denominator (or least common multiple). This step 4. Solve for x, if (35)(96)=32𝑥
will eliminate all fractions from the equation. 5. If log 6 𝑥 = −𝑛 , then x is equal to:
2. Use the distributive property to remove parentheses A. 6n C. 1/6n
when necessary. B. 1/6 n D. 36/n
3. Combine like terms on the same side of the equal 6. Solve for c if 𝑐=ln (𝑒𝑥/𝑒x-2)
sign when possible. 7. Solve for log y: 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟐𝒚3+𝐥𝐨𝐠(𝟔/𝒚) = 𝟔.𝟐𝟕𝟖
4. Use the addition or subtraction property to collect all 8. Which of the ff is equal to: 𝟖𝟏𝒂 𝟑𝒃
terms with a variable on one side of the equation and 9. Solve for a, m, and n, in the equations:
- aman = 100,000
all constants on the other side of the equation. It may
- amn = 100,000
be necessary to use the addition or subtraction
- an/am = 10
property more than once. This process will
Practice Problems
eventually result in an equation of the form ax = b,
1. If log 𝑥 6 = 1.2925, 𝑤ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑠 log 𝑥 11? [1.73]
where a and b are real numbers.
2. The logarithms of the quotient and the product of
5. Solve for the variable using the division or
two numbers are 0.352182518 and 1.556302501. Find
multiplication property. The result will be an answer
the numbers. [9 and 4].
in the form x = c, where c is a real number.
3. If 3x =54, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 3𝑥−2 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑜: [6].
6. Check your answer by substituting the value ...
𝑥 𝑥𝑥
obtained in Step 5 back into the original equation. 4. Solve for x in: 𝑥 𝑥 =2 [sqrt(2)]
5. 2x+1 + 2x +2x−1 =28 [3]
Laws of Exponents 6. 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑘 > 1. 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑝ℎ𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑓(𝑥) =
1. 𝒂^𝒏=𝒂∙𝒂∙𝒂∙𝒂∙𝒂… (n factors of a) log(√𝑥 2 + 𝑘 3 + 𝑥) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑥) = 2log (√𝑥 2 + 𝑘 3 − 𝑥) ⬚
2. (𝑎𝑚 )𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚𝑛 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑎, 𝑏). 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 4𝑎2 .
3. 𝑎𝑚 ∙ 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚+𝑛 Hint: Use rationalization.
4. 𝑎𝑚 /𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚−𝑛 𝟒𝒂𝟐 = (𝒌𝟐 − 𝒌)𝟐
5. (𝑎𝑏𝑐)𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛 𝑏 𝑛 𝑐 𝑛
6. (𝑎/𝑏)𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛 /𝑏 𝑛 Always do your best
1 1
7. 𝑎−𝑚 = 𝑚 and −𝑚 = 𝑎𝑚 – Treb
𝑎 𝑎
8. 𝑎0 = 1
9. 𝐼𝑓 𝑎𝑚 = 𝑎𝑛 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑚 = 𝑛𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑎 ≠ 0

Properties of Radicals
1
𝑛
1. 𝑎 𝑛 = √𝑎
𝑛 𝑛 𝑚
2. 𝑎𝑚/𝑛 = √𝑎𝑚 = ( √𝑎 )
𝑛 𝑛
3. ( √𝑎 ) = 𝑎
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
4. √𝑎 × √𝑏 = √𝑎𝑏
𝑛
√𝑎 𝑛 𝑎
5. 𝑛 = √ provided 𝑏 ≠ 0
√𝑏 𝑏

Properties of Logarithm
1. log 𝑎 𝑀𝑁 = log 𝑎 𝑀 + log 𝑎 𝑁
𝑀
2. log 𝑎 = log 𝑎 𝑀 − log 𝑎 𝑁
𝑁
3. log 𝑎 𝑀𝑁 = 𝑁 log 𝑎 𝑀
4. log 𝑎 𝑎 = 1
5. log 𝑎 𝑎 𝑥 = 𝑥 log 𝑎 𝑎 = 𝑥

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