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Online Instructor’s Manual

to accompany

CONSTRUCTION ESTIMATING
USING EXCEL
Third Edition

Steven Peterson
Weber State University

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 Construction Estimating using Excel Contents

CONTENTS
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INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 1

OUTCOMES ............................................................................................................................... 1

CHAPTER 1: THE ART OF ESTIMATING .................................................................................. 1

CHAPTER 2: OVERVIEW OF THE ESTIMATING AND BIDDING PROCESS ........................... 3

CHAPTER 3: INTRODUCTION TO EXCEL ................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

CHAPTER 4: FUNDAMENTALS OF THE QUANTITY TAKEOFF Error! Bookmark not defined.

CHAPTER 5: CONCRETE .......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

CHAPTER 6: MASONRY ............................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

CHAPTER 7: METALS................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

CHAPTER 8: WOODS, PLASTICS, AND COMPOSITES ........... Error! Bookmark not defined.

CHAPTER 9: THERMAL AND MOISTURE PROTECTION......... Error! Bookmark not defined.

CHAPTER 10: OPENINGS ......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

CHAPTER 11: FINISHES ........................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

CHAPTER 12: FIRE SUPPRESSION ......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

CHAPTER 13: PLUMBING ......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

CHAPTER 14: HVAC .................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

CHAPTER 15: ELECTRICAL ...................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

CHAPTER 16: EARTHWORK..................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

CHAPTER 17: EXTERIOR IMPROVEMENTS ............................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

CHAPTER 18: UTILITIES ........................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

HAPTER 19: MATERIAL PRICING ............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

CHAPTER 20: LABOR PRODUCTIVITY AND HOURS .............. Error! Bookmark not defined.

CHAPTER 21: LABOR RATES ................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

CHAPTER 22: EQUIPMENT COSTS.......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

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 Construction Estimating using Excel Contents

CHAPTER 23: CREW RATES .................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

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CHAPTER 24: SUBCONTRACT PRICING ................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

CHAPTER 25: MARKUPS .......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

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CHAPTER 26: PRICING EXTENSIONS ..................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

CHAPTER 27: AVOIDING ERRORS IN ESTIMATES ................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

CHAPTER 28: SUBMITTING THE BID ....................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
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CHAPTER 29: PROJECT BUYOUT ........................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

CHAPTER 30: THE ESTIMATE AS THE BASIS OF THE SCHEDULEError! Bookmark not defined.

CHAPTER 31: ETHICS ............................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

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CHAPTER 32: CONVERTING EXISTING FORMS ..................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

CHAPTER 33: CREATING NEW FORMS .................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

CHAPTER 34: PROPOSALS AND BEYOND WITH EXCEL ....... Error! Bookmark not defined.
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BIDSIM GAME ............................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
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 INTRODUCTION
Welcome to the Instructor’s Manual and companion files (IM Resource Files) to the third edition of
Construction Estimating using Excel. This instructor’s manual and IM Resource Files have been put
together to help you get the most out of Construction Estimating using Excel.

The instructor’s manual consists of a section for each of the 34 chapters in the textbook and a section
for a computerized bid-day simulation called BidSim. The sections for each of the chapters contain (1) a
list of learning objectives for the chapter, (2) instructional hints for the instructor, (3) potential activities
that may be used in class or assigned to students to be completed out of class, (4) instructional
resources, including the IM Resource Files and websites, which may be used as part of the classroom
instruction, and (5) detailed solutions to the problems at the end of the chapters. The final section
includes instruction on how to setup and run the BidSim game in your class.

The IM Resource Files contains the following items:

• The BidSim folder contains the files needed to run the in class bid-day simulation.

• The Excel Exercises folder contains the Excel files as they should appear at the completion of
Chapters 3, 32, and 33. This allows the instructor to teach Chapter 32 without the students
completing Chapter 3.

• The Figures folder contains copies of the figures used in the book. All figures are included in jpg
format and many of the figures are included in their original file format. These may be modified
to create new estimating problems for tests, quizzes, or practice exercises.

• The PowerPoint Lectures folder contains PowerPoint slides for Chapters 1, 2, and 4 through 31;
and may be used as lectures or provided to the students as handouts to guide them through the
key points of each chapter.

• The Quick Tips folder contains completed spreadsheets from the Excel Quick Tips. These may
be used to demonstrate to the student how the spreadsheets should work when completed or
they may be provided to students. Although, these spreadsheets may be provided to the
students, the students will gain much needed experience by setting the spreadsheets up by
themselves.

• The Test Bank folder contains over 290 sample test question with their solutions.

• The Quick Tips Test that may be given to students to assess their proficiency in setting up the
Excel spreadsheets from the Excel Quick Tips of Construction Estimating using Excel. This test
consists of having the students setup the Excel Quick Tips before class, bringing copies of the
spreadsheets to class, entering the given data in the spreadsheets, and printing a copy of the
spreadsheets. This test requires the students have access to a computer during the test. The
folder includes instruction to be given to the students before the test and a sample test. The
folder also contains copies of the drawings used in the sample problems.

• Other materials included in the instructors’ materials include:

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 Construction Estimating using Excel Introduction

o This instructor’s manual.

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o An expanded version of Appendix E—Model Scopes of Work.

o Excel solutions to Chapter 33 Problems 8, 9, and 11.

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o A Word document (Equations.doc) containing all of the equations from Construction
Estimating using Excel.

o Pdf versions of plans from Appendix G of the textbook for use with takeoff software
packages such as On-Screen Takeoff.
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o Detail estimate sheets for the Johnson Residence (Johnson Residence Estimate.xls) and
for the West Street Video (West Street Video Estimate.xls) whose plans are located in
Appendix G of the textbook. They include the quantities, but not the pricing.

To access supplementary materials online, instructors need to request an instructor access code. Go to
www.pearsonhighered.com/irc to register for an instructor access code. Within 48 hours of registering,
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you will receive a confirming e-mail including an instructor access code. Once you have received your
code, locate your text in the online catalog and click on the Instructor Re-sources button on the left side
of the catalog product page. Select a supplement, and a login page will appear. Once you have logged
in, you can access instructor material for all Prentice Hall textbooks. If you have any difficulties
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accessing the site or downloading a supplement, please contact Customer Service at
http://247.prenhall.com.

Teaching Excel can be quite the challenge. In a classroom of students, one often finds the students
range from novices with Excel to experienced users, from students who struggle to understand how to
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use the computer to students who catch on quickly. The challenge comes when the instructor has to
teach this wide variety of students as a group, helping the novices and slow to catch on without having
the experienced and quick to learn becoming bored. There are three approaches that may be used to
teach the students Excel.
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First, take the students step-by-step through the exercises in the Chapters 3, 32, 33, and 34. This only
will work when all of the students are at the same level of experience with Excel and learn at a similar
speed. If the group in not homogeneous, this method becomes very frustrating to the students and the
instructor.

Second, demonstrate the key commands used in each chapter to the students and then let the students
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complete the exercises in the chapters on their own at their own pace. It is best if the students can
complete the exercises during lab time when the instructor or a lab aid is available to answer their
questions and help them solve any problems they encounter. This is the method I prefer when teaching
Chapters 3, 32, 33, and 34.

Finally, have the students read and complete the exercise on their own. Like the second method, it is
best if the students can do this in a supervised lab environment. This is the method I prefer when I have
the students setup the Excel Quick Tips.
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 OUTCOMES
During the past few years, higher education has been moving to outcome based learning, which
requires accredited programs to measure their student ability to meet the required outcomes.
Currently in the United States there are four accreditation standards for construction management and
construction engineering program, which are as follows: (1) American Council for Construction
Education (ACCE); (2) ABET—Engineering, for construction engineering; (3) ABET—Engineering
Technology, for construction engineering technology; and (4) ABET—Applied Science, for construction
management. Although each of these standards are different, they all focus on three general outcomes,
which can be summarized as follows. Construction management/engineering students should be able
to:

• Prepare construction cost estimates. This book includes both a residential and a commercial set
of plans. Each chapter, where applicable, includes homework problems related to these plans.
By completing the homework problems associated with either the residential or commercial
plans, the students will prepare a complete construction estimate.

To prepare a complete estimate for the Johnsons Residence, the students should complete the
following problem found at the end of the chapters:

o Chapter 2 Problems 17 and 18

o Chapter 5 Problem 44
o Chapter 6 Problem 21
o Chapter 8 Problems 47, 48, and 49
o Chapter 9 Problems 25, 26, 27, and 28
o Chapter 10 Problems 15, 16, and 17
o Chapter 11 Problems 27, 28, 28, 30, and 31
o Chapter 13 Problem 3
o Chapter 14 Problem 5
o Chapter 15 Problem 6
o Chapter 16 Problem 20
o Chapter 18 Problem 12
o Chapter 19 Problem 8
o Chapter 21 Problem 20
o Chapter 22 Problem 12
o Chapter 23 Problem 3
o Chapter 24 Problem 6
o Chapter 25 Problem 9
o Chapter 26 Problem 3
o Chapter 28 Problem 9
o Chapter 29 Problem 13

To prepare a complete estimate for the West Street Video, the students should complete the
following problem found at the end of the chapters:

o Chapter 2 Problems 19 and 20

o Chapter 5 Problem 45
 Construction Estimating using Excel Outcomes

o Chapter 6 Problem 22
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o Chapter 7 Problem 20
o Chapter 8 Problems 50 and 51
o Chapter 9 Problems 29 and 30
o Chapter 10 Problems 18 and 19
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o Chapter 11 Problems 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, and 37
o Chapter 12 Problem 3
o Chapter 13 Problem 4
o Chapter 14 Problem 6
o Chapter 15 Problem 7
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o Chapter 16 Problems 21 and 22
o Chapter 17 Problems 12, 13, and 14
o Chapter 18 Problem 13
o Chapter 19 Problem 9
o Chapter 21, Problem 21
o Chapter 22 Problem 12
o Chapter 23 Problem 4
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o Chapter 24 Problem 7
o Chapter 25 Problem 10
o Chapter 26 Problem 2
o Chapter 28 Problem 10
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o Chapter 29 Problem 14

• Effectively communicate in writing. Chapter 24 covers writing a scope of work and Chapter 28
covers writing proposals and communicating by email. Chapter 24 Problems 6 and 7 and
Chapter 28 Problems 9 and 10 can be used in part to meet the outcome related to written
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communication.

• Understand ethics as it relates to estimating. Chapter 31 addresses ethic as it relates to

estimating. The questions at the end of Chapter 31 can be used in an in-class ethic discussion or
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as the basis of a student report on ethics, which can be used in part to meet the outcome
related to ethics.
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 CHAPTER 1: THE ART OF ESTIMATING

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

At the completion of this chapter the student should be able to:

• Explain the role estimating plays in the success of a construction company.
• Identify what skills are needed to become a good estimator.
• Explain the role of the bid package in the estimating process.
• Identify the tools available to estimators.
• Explain why practice is important.

INSTRUCTIONAL HINTS

• One of the keys to motivating students to study estimating is for them to understand why it is
important for them to develop estimating skills. Helping them understand that people other
than estimators (such as foreperson, superintendents, and project managers) are often
required to prepare estimates for materials, labor, and equipment. The lecture on this chapter
should help students see why it is important to learn estimating.
• Estimating can only be learned by practice. The textbook contains hundreds of problems for
the student to practice on. The lecture on this chapter should help students understand that to
develop their estimating skills they need to complete the problems at the end of each chapter.
Students should be encouraged to carefully review and work the example problems, including
performing takeoffs on the garage drawings at the back of the book.

ACTIVITIES

• Invite a representative from industry to discuss the importance of estimating in the

construction industry and the types of estimates different people prepare within their
company.
• Have the students research and report on an estimating software or takeoff package. You may
want to assign the students to report on a specific software.

INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES

• PowerPoint slide show: PowerPoint Lectures\Chapter 01.ppt from the IM Resource Files
• Information on MasterFormat: www.csinet.org

SOLUTIONS TO THE TEXTBOOK PROBLEMS

1. The process of determining the expected quantities and costs of the materials, labor, and
equipment for a construction project.

2. “The construction and services required by the Contract Documents…and includes all other labor,
materials, equipment and services provided or to be provided by the Contractor to fulfill the
Contractor’s obligations” (General Conditions of the Contract for Construction, The American
Institute of Architects, AIA Document A201-1997, p 9).

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 Construction Estimating using Excel Chapter 1

3. Accurate estimates are needed for a company to be successful in the bidding process, while
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maintaining a reasonable profit margin.

4. The estimator is the person responsible for preparing quantity takeoffs and cost estimates
regardless of their job title.
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5. An estimator must: have a sound understanding of the construction methods, materials, and the
capacities of skilled labor; the basic skills needed to determine the quantities of materials, labor,
and equipment necessary to complete a project; be a good communicator, both verbally and in
writing; possess strong computer skills; be detailed oriented; have the confidence to quickly
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prepare takeoffs and make decisions under pressure; and have a desire for contestant
improvement.

6. Estimating is an art, and like any art, you can only become good at it by practicing.

7. Estimates are prepared from bid packages. The bid package defines the scope of work for the
construction project.
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8. Architect’s and engineer’s scales, roller wheel, digitizer, calculator, paper forms, spreadsheets,
estimating software packages, and takeoff software packages.
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9. The advantages include the software is inexpensive, it is easily adapted to the styles and estimating
procedures of the company, and it easily performs the mundane calculations. The disadvantage is
it is less automated than an estimating software package.

10. The advantages include it automates many takeoff functions which decrease the time it takes to
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prepare an estimate, includes a database, can takeoff assemblies, and the takeoff is easily
manipulated and printed in different formats. The disadvantages are it is expensive and takes a lot
of time to setup and maintain the database.
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 CHAPTER 2: OVERVIEW OF THE ESTIMATING AND BIDDING PROCESS

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

At the completion of this chapter the student should be able to:

• Describe the steps taken to complete an estimate.
• Identify the general scope of work and the items which need to be bid to complete an
estimate.
• Identify how information flow between the spreadsheets used in this book.

INSTRUCTIONAL HINTS

• During the lecture show how the different topics shown in Figure 2-1 relate to the chapters in
the textbook. This will help them understand the organization of the course. The relationships
are as follows:
o Request subcontractor quotes: Chapter 24
o Quantity takeoff: Chapters 4 – 18
o Materials pricing: Chapter 19
o Labor pricing: Chapters 20, 21, and 23
o Equipment pricing: Chapter 22 and 23
o Prepare bid documents: Chapter 28
o Add markups: Chapter 25
o Combine pricing: Chapter 26
o Review bids for errors: Chapter 27
o Submit the bid: Chapter 28
o Project buyout: Chapter 29

ACTIVITIES

• Provide the students with copies of the Summary worksheet shown in Figure 2-2 and have
them identify the items on the Summary worksheet which need to be bid to complete the bid
for the Johnson Residence, the West Street Video, or another set of plans. Appendix B in
Construction Estimating using Excel contains a list of items included in each of the cost codes
on the Summary worksheet and should be used if a student is not sure where construction
materials are located on the Summary worksheet.

INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES

• PowerPoint slide show: PowerPoint Lectures\Chapter 02.ppt from the IM Resource Files
• Summary worksheet: The Summary tab of Excel Exercises\Chapter 32.xls from the IM Resource
Files
• Quantity takeoff for the Johnson Residence: Johnson Residence Estimate.xls
• Quantity takeoff for the West Street Video: West Street Video Estimate.xls
 Construction Estimating using Excel Chapter 2

SOLUTIONS TO THE TEXTBOOK PROBLEMS

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1. Get additional help, eliminate some of the estimating steps, or decide not to bid on the project.

2. It gives the surety time to prepare the bid bond, obtain the necessary signatures on the bond, and
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mail it to the contractor; thus eliminating the need to make a special trip to the surety’s office to
pick up the bond.

3. The subcontractor will need to find a time to come in, look at the plans and specifications, and
prepare their estimate. When dealing with a limited number of plan sets, it can be quite a
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challenge to give all of the subcontractors a chance to look at the plans within the allowed time for
the bid.

4. To ensure you have a bid for each category of work, rather than having multiple bids in one
category and no bids in another category.

5. They carry the most risk should the contractor have to bid these items themselves.
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6. Vendors often do not guarantee their quantities are accurate, and the estimator should prepare
their own quantity survey to make sure there are sufficient quantities of materials to complete the
work.
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7. Mark blanks with Post-its®.

8. To avoid missing items or having items included in the bid twice (for example, two subcontractors
on the project have an item included in their bids).
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9. Completeness of the scope of work, price, and past experience with the subcontractor.

10. Subcontractor or vendor contact information, project name, what they are bidding, any specific
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exclusions, if freight and sales tax are included, bid price, the date and time the bid was received,
and who took the bid.

11. To avoid forgetting to get some of the necessary information.

12. Profit markup, overhead markup, building permit costs, bonding costs, and sales tax.

13. Company’s overhead costs. The project specific overhead should be bid as part of the project costs.
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14. The process of hiring subcontractors and procuring materials and equipment for the construction
project.

15. During project buyout and the close-out audit.

16. The answers are as follows:

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a. 32-130 Rebar. Sidewalks and all exterior concrete should be included under Division 32
b. 22-100 Plumbing. Bathroom sinks are a plumbing fixture. They should not be listed as a toilet
and bath accessory, which is for towel bars, etc.
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Construction Estimating using Excel Chapter 2

c. 07-400 Siding.
d. 05-500 Metal Fabrications.
e. 06-210 Wood Trim.
f. 33-100 Waterline.

17. The following job cost codes will be needed:

03200 Rebar 08110 Wood Doors

03300 Footings and Foundation--Labor 08300 Overhead Doors
03310 Footings and Foundation--Concrete 08500 Windows
03320 Slab/Floor--Labor 08700 Hardware
03330 Slab/Floor--Concrete 09200 Drywall
04200 Masonry 09300 Ceramic Tile
06100 Rough Carpentry 09600 Flooring
06110 Lumber 09900 Paint
06120 Trusses 10210 Toilet & Bath Accessories
06210 Wood Trim 22000 Plumbing
06400 Cabinetry and Countertops 23000 HVAC
07200 Insulation 26000 Electrical
07220 Stucco 31200 Grading and Excavation
07400 Siding 32110 Site Concrete-Labor
07500 Roofing 32120 Site Concrete-Concrete
07710 Rain Gutters 33100 Water Line
08100 Metal Doors 33300 Sewer Line

18. The items in the schedule and their due dates should be based on the items that required by the
instructor as part of the coursework and their associated due dates.

19. The following job cost codes will be needed:

02400 Demolition 08400 Store Fronts

03200 Rebar 08700 Hardware
03300 Footings and Foundation--Labor 09200 Drywall
03310 Footings and Foundation--Concrete 09300 Ceramic Tile
03320 Slab/Floor--Labor 09500 Acoustical Ceilings
03330 Slab/Floor--Concrete 09600 Flooring
04200 Masonry 09900 Paint
05100 Structural Steel 10210 Toilet and Bath Accessories
05200 Joist and Deck 10400 Fire Extinguishers and Cabinets
05900 Erection 21000 Fire Sprinklers
06100 Rough Carpentry 22000 Plumbing
06110 Lumber 23000 HVAC
06400 Cabinetry and Counter Tops 26000 Electrical
07200 Insulation 31200 Grading and Excavation
07500 Roofing 32100 Asphalt
07600 Sheet Metal 32110 Site Concrete-Labor
07700 Roof Specialties 32120 Site Concrete-Concrete
08100 Metal Doors and Frames 32130 Rebar
 Construction Estimating using Excel Chapter 2

32900 Landscaping 33300 Sanitary Sewer

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33100 Water Line 33400 Storm Drain

20. The items in the schedule and their due dates should be based on the items that required by the
instructor as part of the coursework and their associated due dates.
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