LINGUNAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

F. Dulalia Street, Lingunan, Valenzuela City

THE IMPACT OF USING SMARTPHONES ON THE STUDENTS’

PSYCHOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR

A Research Project

Presented to the Faculty of the

Senior High School Department

Lingunan National High School

In Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements for the subject

Practical Research 2

Camarista, Ana May

Calmerin, Von Ryan

Rosini, Alexandra Nicole

Villaruz, John Patrick

LINGUNAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
F. Dulalia Street, Lingunan, Valenzuela City

Co, Angelyn

Hernandez, Angelou

Palacio, Rolly John

 LINGUNAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
F. Dulalia Street, Lingunan, Valenzuela City

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page
TITLE PAGE i
APPROVAL SHEET ii
COPYRIGHT iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv
DEDICATION vi
ABSTRACT vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ix
LIST OF TABLES xi
LIST OF FIGURES xiii

Chapter Page

1 INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Literature Review
Theoretical Framework
Conceptual Framework
Statement of the Problem
Hypothesis
Significance of the Study
Scope and Limitation
Definition of Terms
 LINGUNAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
F. Dulalia Street, Lingunan, Valenzuela City

2 METHODS
Research Design
Population and Sampling
Sources of Data
Data Analysis

3 RESULTS

4 DISCUSSION
Summary of Results
Conclusions
Recommendation
Proposed Output

References

Apppendices

A. Letter Request/ Memorandum

B. Questionnaires
C. Curriculum Vitae
 LINGUNAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
F. Dulalia Street, Lingunan, Valenzuela City

CHAPTER 1

Introduction
In recent years, the number of students who had been affected by the usage of

smartphones had rise up to forty (40) percent according to the “Frontliners of Psychiatry”

that surveyed on year 2021. Survey says most of the High School students had

experienced effects of their personal factors in by use of smartphone, like characteristics

behavior and academic performances. The factors had become more efficient during the

surge of Covid-19 pandemic, when the students use smartphones more in need to attend

their online classes. By stating those factors, we will be able to solve the problem on this

topic, in order to help the subjects to overcome their psychological status dilemma. In

which they’re not the only beneficiaries for conducting our research, but in addition to

give the future researchers who will wants to pick this as their topic, the ideas that may

help them on the accomplishment of their research someday, by using our article as RRL

or references for their future study.

Our willingness will surely give a worth on every best we have gave on this topic.

Studying briefly, we can suggest possible solutions to the guidance counselors,

psychiatrist, and parents that may help them on supporting their senior high school

students who may suffer on negative impacts of smartphones if it can’t be prevented.

Providing the suggestions, solutions, and evaluations. We aim to conclude the main ideas

and further discoveries about the impacts of using smartphone on Lingunan Senior High

School students’ psychological status.

 LINGUNAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
F. Dulalia Street, Lingunan, Valenzuela City

Background of the Study

If properly managed, cell phones can be used as tools to help children learn in the

classroom (Oxford Learning, 2019). Smartphones, in general, where devices use to be a

portable computer. Smartphone was useful to everyone’s convenience, from being a

phone to communicate, a portable medium for entertainment, to being a smart gadget that

provides applications in your like. This makes smartphones a device that provides

educational aid for students in modern world of information and many technological

advances. They can be useful in many ways to teachers and students. Teachers should

allow students to have them in school because it is a good communication device, phones

can help the school save money, and they can help students stay organized. Cellphones

make a good communication device in schools. They make it easier for parents to

communicate with their kid if they have an emergency or if their kid has an emergency.

With a smartphone, teachers can tell students to look up a specific video and watch it at

their desk or table. Then the teacher can talk about the concepts presented on that video

as part of the learning experience. Students today are exposed to multiple forms of

content every day. Visual learning makes it possible to retain large amounts of

information in a short attention period. It also gives students a chance to experience

lessons from a perspective different from their own or from their teacher.

However, smartphones were also root for the distraction of students in class. This

contradicts the main purpose of smartphones in class as learning aid. Phones are one of
 LINGUNAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
F. Dulalia Street, Lingunan, Valenzuela City

the most used devices so why should students be allowed to use them in school. Phones

are getting less and less popular because teachers say they are too distracting. In some

schools, teachers say phones are too distracting, and makes some of the students to have

deficit in attention to class. This behavioral change is not surprising, in fact, this was an

expected change of behavior because smartphones tend to have applications that may

distract students in class. Whether its gaming, or social media, smartphones give students

a number of distractions that can be more tempting than the schoolwork they are

supposed to be focusing on. When students have phones at hand, the temptation to switch

over to something more interesting can be overwhelming and irresistible. Indeed, the

creators of apps purposely use psychological techniques designed to make them

compelling, creating incentives to abandon boring work for the quick hit that using an

app provides. The nature of these apps can also vary on how distractive the apps can be in

class. Mobile Games was one the types of apps that make students inattentive to teacher’s

lesson. Social Media was also a factor to that mitigate the learning of student. Everyone

knows how annoying it can be when a phone rings or text messages.

. Overuse of smartphone in class can also be the matter when student have anxiety.

A study conducted on smartphone users, it was found that state anxiety, trait anxiety, and

depression were higher in the smartphone overuse group than in the normal use group

(Hwang, Yoo & Cho, 2012). Poor sleep quality has emerged as a relevant public health

problem in technologically advanced societies (Cheung & Wong, 2011). Existing studies

on the association between electronic media use and sleep have largely focused on
 LINGUNAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
F. Dulalia Street, Lingunan, Valenzuela City

adolescents. It was reported that problematic Internet use is associated with sleep

problems, including subjective insomnia and poor sleep quality (Lam, 2014).

Similarly, (Song et al., 2010) suggested that adolescents’ internet addiction was

correlated with depression and sleep-related problems. The significant growth of

smartphone ownership among students nowadays develops new connections and alter

students’ attitudes towards the technology item. Lately, students become strongly

attached to their smartphones and assume it as an important part of their lives. (Hough,

2011), highlights the extreme influence of technology through the studies by researchers

which reveals that four in five students have significant mental and physical distress,

panic, confusion, and extreme isolation when forced to unplug from technology for an

entire day. The findings also indicate that college students across the globe confess to get

addicted on modern technology such as mobile phones, laptops, and television. Also, the

addiction includes the social networking such as Facebook and Twitter.

Our study focuses on the on how the students of Lingunan Senior High School

use their smartphones and determine possible factoring matter that may or may not affect

the student in their studies, lectures, and psychological behavior, hence, to perceive if

smartphone can really be relied to in terms of educational purposes. To prove this, we

will do a random sampling of student on Senior High School students of Lingunan

School year 2022-2023. We will pick indiscriminately to produce best result and to

reduce the inclination of our data. The total number of our questionnaires will be based

on the total number of students to each of the Senior High School building. We will only
 LINGUNAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
F. Dulalia Street, Lingunan, Valenzuela City

gather fraction of the total number of students in each strand. This way, we can optimize

the number questionnaires to produce and to gather data.

We conduct this research so the future student researchers with similar studies

will have a reference they can use to interpret their data. Not only that it will makes the

work for future researchers easier, but it will also contribute to the over-expanding

research data for everyone else to use. This study was relevant to today’s standard.

Smartphone are getting more relevant, so much that there can be more smartphones

inside of the classroom, than the number of students. Whether this can positively or

negatively affect students, our study can prove just that.

Literature Review

This chapter presents the related literature and studies conducted here and

abroad whose importance contributed to the attainment of the objectives of the research.

This chapter included relevant sources of information from foreign literature, foreign

studies, and local studies which tackle the existing activities that promote good study

habits. This guided the researcher about the said topic presented in the next chapters.

Review of Related Literature

Foreign:
 LINGUNAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
F. Dulalia Street, Lingunan, Valenzuela City

According to (Pera A., 2020), smartphone use has a negative outcome on humans,

especially in the psychological aspects of humans. Problematic usage of smartphones has

particularly affected the brains of human as they can develop a disorder caused by

smartphone addiction. Problematic use of smartphones is associated with different

psychological effects of using smartphones. For example, an excessive amount of use can

trigger procrastination and adolescent distress can be moderated by psychosocial factors.

It can also affect study habits, and study careers and mess up the academic performance

of students as it can be very addictive. Smartphones may also serve as entertainment and

alleviate leisure boredam to eliminate possible distress, but they can lead excessive usage

and can be adapted as addictive behavior. The relationship between addictive usage of

smartphones with the consequences of it and build- up of their well- being and behaviors

can be very crucial in an individual’s life.

Canadian Restorative Affiliation Diary are given here cordiality of Canadian

Therapeutic Association Given the significance of locks in youth in relieving potential

hurts from social media, a prohibitionist approach would be counterproductive. The

American Institute of Pediatrics proposes that online connections are portion of ordinary

juvenile development. Undoubtedly, for teenagers nowadays, who have not known a

world without social media, advanced intuitive are the standard, and the potential benefits

of online get to beneficial mental well-being data- counting media proficiency,

inventiveness, self-expression, sense of having a place and civic engagement- as well as

more obstructions to assets such as emergency lines and internet-based talking treatments
 LINGUNAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
F. Dulalia Street, Lingunan, Valenzuela City

cannot be discounted. However, today’s youth might advantage from demonstrated

person and systematic intercessions to assist them explore the challenges brought

approximately by utilize of smartphones. (Articles from CMAJ, 2020)

This review expands the existing literature on the relationships between

problematic smartphone use (PSU), psycopathology, addictive personality, and online

social engagement in relation to young adults, paying attention to predictive

determinants of addictive behaviors in smartphone use. My article summarizes the

findings of previous research on the psychology of smartphone addictive behavior in

terms of problematic use, social anxiety and depressive stress, focusing on the association

between mobile social network use and the risk of smartphone addiction, smartphones,

mental health problems and individual well-being. The pooled results show that

depression and social anxiety are risk determinants of higher PSU and that certain

categories of smartphone apps are positively associated with well-being. State anxiety

and motivations are significant predictors of PSU. High PSU impairs participation in

social engagement. As limitations in the current overview, my results indicate relevant

reseach directions on the social consequences of problematic smartphone use by

adolescents. Future guidelines should clarify whether compulsive smartphone use has a

negative impact on mental and physical health in the long term (Pera A., 2020).

Since so many years ago, research has been conducted on smartphone use and its

effects on all adolescents and it is not a new problem at all. However, the increasing

prevalence of smartphone addiction and adolescent’s poor mental and physical health
 LINGUNAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
F. Dulalia Street, Lingunan, Valenzuela City

prompted the author to write this study. Human behavior has been used as both a

dependent and an independent variable in numerous studies. With smartphone addiction,

some researchers looked at adolescent physical health or educational performance, while

others looked at psychological behavior and social relationships. Some of the most recent

studies were discussed in this article. According to Cha and Seo (2018), smartphones

were used by 1.85 billion people worldwide in year 2014, 2.32 billion in 2017 and 2.87

billion in 2020. We become “mobile addicts” as a result of our excessive dependence.

While mobile phones simplify our lives, they also bind us. In addition to physical effects ,

mobile addiction also has psychological and academic effects. Mobile phone use has also

been linked to sleep deprivation , anxiety, stress, and depression, all of which are linked

to internet abuse (De-Sola Gutierrez et al., 2016). An stimulus that a person experiences.

An addiction develops when a habit becomes an obligation for one’s life (Alavi et al.,

2012). According to Nishad and Rana (2016), few researchers believe there is no

significant correlation between smartphone use and gender. A lot of studies are

conducted and adolescent mental health and cellphone addiction are thought to have a

positive correlation by some researchers, while others believe that the two have a

negative or indirect correlation. Adolescent cellphone addiction has been linked to both

mental and physical health issues. In any case, we can’t express it with 100% precision

that cellphone is the main source of poor mental or physiological medical problems in

teenagers. This study’s peer-reviewed articles produced contradictory finding. There are

two distinct schools of thought regarding the outcome. One viewpoint emphasizes the
 LINGUNAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
F. Dulalia Street, Lingunan, Valenzuela City

connection between mental health and phone addiction. Adolescent’s mental health is

negatively impacted by their use of cellphones, and as a result, they exhibit signs of

anxiety, depression, and rage- sometimes even taking their own lives. In this day and age,

the rate of suicide is rising. By that, physiological health was also found to be positively

correlated with cellphone addiction in some studies. Addiction to cellphones has nothing

to do with mental health. These findings leads to the conclusion that there is a

connection- direct or indirect between adolescent mental or physical health and

smartphone addiction. The relationship and its negative effects on adolescents cannot be

ignored. In order to clarify the nature of their relationships, it is suggested that additional

research be conducted in this area. (Shoukat S., 2019)

Research on smatphone use in the Malaysian context is still limited, as the review

shows, in addition to the few studies on smartphone use among Malaysian students.

Although studies on the impact of smartphone use on the psychological or social life of

students have been conducted in different alternative countries, however, the culture and

usage patterns of academics in Malaysia is may not match, so the impact on students may

differ. The goal of this review is to identify the reason for academics to use thei

smartphones; positive and negative impacts of smartphone use on students’ lives in

relation to their education, socialization, and mental health. Also to review previous

studies on smartphone usage conducted in Malaysia. The result of this study would make

it easier for the researcher to see the positive and negative effects of the smartphone that

will affect the life of the student. Overall, the study research could prove beneficial to
 LINGUNAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
F. Dulalia Street, Lingunan, Valenzuela City

manufacturers to improve how their smartphone potentially affect users, and how

educators can reduce negative effects of smartphone on Malaysian students (Kaur and

Singh, 2018).

Local:

Smartphone are broadly utilized among tall school understudies these days. With

their steady utilize of his innovation, they have ended up more subordinate on it. This

consider surveyed the degree of smartphone usage and the scholastic execution of the 195

junior tall school. Respondents were recognized utilizing stratified irregular examining

and were inquired to reply a study survey evaluating their smartphone usage amid their

math classes while their execution within the subject was decided to be utilize. To begin

with quarter grades, the information accumulated were treated utilizing graphics and

inferential measurements. The time about uncovered that the respondents had

exceptionally palatable execution and they frequently utilize their smartphones amid their

math classes. Smartphone usage contains negative insignificant relationship with the

student’s scholastic execution in Arithmetic. Moreover, smartphone usage has no critical

relationship between the respondents’ math execution. Subsequently, instructors are

 LINGUNAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
F. Dulalia Street, Lingunan, Valenzuela City

empowered to screen students’ utilize of contraptions amid their math classes (Peteros, de

Vera, Laguna, Lapatha, Viotelino, Mamites and Astillero, 2022).

Teenagers nowadays spend a lot of time using smartphones. It’s hard for them to

live their daily lives without their smartphones. Any individual can experience distress

from losing a Wi-Fi connection or mobile phone. Adolescent lifestyle profiles (ALPs)

were linked to the prevalence of nomophobia and smartphone addiction among Filipino

adolescents. In addition, gender and grade differences in nomophobia, smartphone

addiction, and ALPs, as well as differences among participnats with and without

smartphone addiction and in four nomophobia groups are identified (Danilo, Buctot and

Kim Sun, 2022).

Review of Related Study

Foreign:

This study aimed to describe the relationships between leisure boredom, leisure

satisfaction, and smartphone addiction among college students. The study sample

consisted of 258 participants, 143 males and 115 females, who studied at the Faculty of

Sports Sciences of Istanbul- Cerrahpasa University. The participants were selected using

the method of targeted random sampling. Data collection tools included a personal

information form, the Leisure Boredam Scale (LBS), the Leisure Satisfaction Scale

(LSS), and the Smartphone Addiction Scale- Short Version (SAS- SV). Independent t-
 LINGUNAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
F. Dulalia Street, Lingunan, Valenzuela City

test results showed a significant difference in SASSV by gender. The MANOVA results

showed a significant difference between the LBS subdimension Satisfaction and the LSS

subdimension Educational, Social, Physical, and Relaxation by gender. A significant

difference was found between the LBS subdimension “satisfaction” and all LSS

subdimensions by income level. According to the ANOVA results, there was no

significant association between the SAS- SV scores according to the income level of the

participants. In addition, there was a low- level negative correlation of between age and

the satisfaction subdimension of LBS, the physical and relaxation subdimensions of LSS,

and SAS-SV. There was a negative and low correlation between LBS Boredam and the

Psychological, Social, and Relaxation subdimensions of LSS, and there was a positive

and low correlation between LBS and SAS- SV. Similarly, a positive and low

relationship was found between all the subdimensions of LSS and SAS- SV. With this in

mind, it was concluded that the LBS, LSS and SAS- SV scores differed depending on the

sociodemographic characteristics of the participants. With increasing boredam in leisure

time, leisure satisfaction decreased and smartphone addiction increased. It was also found

that as entertainment satisfaction increased, smartphone addiction increased (Serdar,

Demirel and Harmandar, 2022)

Most teenagers have mobile devices (e.g. smartphones) and access the internet on

a daily basis. However, scientists have only recently begun to consider the impact of this

technology on youth. This article draws on attachment theory to explain how adolescent

attachment styles can be represented in their attachment to technology. The authors posit
 LINGUNAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
F. Dulalia Street, Lingunan, Valenzuela City

that the attachment frame work used to describe the relationship between adolescents and

their mobile devices how secure and insecure binding can look like these devices, as for

teenagers. By providing a theoretical lens through which to look at this emerging

problem, interventions can be created at the micro and macro levels to counteract the

adverse impacts of technology use on youth. For example, at the micro level,

professionals can work with parents to develop joint strategies to facilitate healthy

smartphone use. At the macro level, social workers might consider advocating policies

that protect children from the use of technology designed to exploit their developmental,

psychological and neurobiological vulnerabilities (Hudge and Gebler, 2022).

After controlling for individual differences such as age, gender, and the amount of

daily smartphone and internet use, the purpose of the study was to examine the

relationship between smartphone addiction and domains of the big five personality traits

which is extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness to

experience. The data for the study were gathered from the 494 students in a university

using the Turkish version of the Big Five Inventory and Smartphone Addiction Scale in a

cross- sectional survey design. To test two hyphoteses, hierarchical multiple linear

regression analyses were used. The study claimed that the big five personality traits

significantly predicted smartphone addiction after controlling for individual differences.

Pleasantness and scruples were demonstrated to be negative indicators, neuroticism was a

positive indicator, and extraversion and openness to experience were not viewed as

critical indicators. The study’s findings are discussed, along with some possible
 LINGUNAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
F. Dulalia Street, Lingunan, Valenzuela City

repercussions, with the goal of assisting policy makers in the creating school-based

awareness- raising programs, revealing the connection between personality traits and

smartphone addiction (Erdem and Uzun, 2022).

The adoption of smartphones by multiple categories of users, and concerns about

affordability, overuse, and social impact are increasing exponentially. The study reveals

that many youths are estimated to spend too much using their smartphones, with

worrying estimates pointing to even higher numbers. Unraveling the circumstances

surrounding the excessive use of digital devices such as smartphones and the facts that

lead to them remains largely unexplored. The underlying findings revealed that greater

activity levels, including online games, virtual worlds games, and social media,

contributed to the overuse of smartphones. The studies provide further information on the

effects of excessive use, smartphone stress, depression-related indicators on learners, and

the link between depression-like behavior and anxiety (Olasina, Gbolahan et al., al,

2021).

On this day, students are the main user and sensitive when it comes to the impact

of the population. According to a several results, it shows that there is a relationship

between the smartphone usage and career. After all, the focus of this study is about

smartphone usage behavior. We propose bridging the gap by integrating smartphone

usage and academic performance to keep track of users. This study was conducted on 150

students enrolled in various departments at the University of Islamabad. To learn

academic content and lectures, they all used smartphones in their daily lives, we also
 LINGUNAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
F. Dulalia Street, Lingunan, Valenzuela City

quantify the relationships and findings, both good and negative, by evaluating the data.

Our findings suggest that smartphone use has a favorable link and impact on academic

performance (Shakoor et al., 2021).

Local:

Youth nowadays are enjoying the use of portable phones very much which affects

their studies. The researchers chose this study because of the magnitude of the impact

that the versatile phone has on students and their health. This research is only focused on

the students of 12- STEM in the school of Bataraza National Tall School. In total, it

consists of 17 respondent students who responded to answer the questions. In this study,

the researchers want to prove that the use of versatile phones has an effect on student’s

learning for their studies. The data will be used as a selection of information through

which the percentage of students will be known, if the mobile phone is really affecting

their studies. And based on the results of the sudy, the researchers proved that using a

portable phone has a positive effect on their learning (Abybacar, Mata, Sansi, Sales and

Tamidao, 2019).

Mobile phones are useful gadgets in our everyday life. In our modern society it

seems like every person has his/her own mobile phones. Mobile phones were only used
 LINGUNAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
F. Dulalia Street, Lingunan, Valenzuela City

for communication, but at present they are used for various purposes. They help us in a

number of ways in terms of entertainment, educational purposes and in business. But

despite the uses that mobile phone serve to us, we must be aware of its disadvantages

(M.S Gamorot, Lila SHS Student Researchers, 2019).

 LINGUNAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
F. Dulalia Street, Lingunan, Valenzuela City

Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Profile of Senior High Analysis of data through: Improved awareness on

School Student
a. Google form using smartphone of the
a. Name
survey Lingunan Senior High
b. Age
questionnaires Students
c. Sex
b. Statistical and
Innovation of the
d. Strand
scientific
entrepreneur in creating of
Hours using smartphone treatment
the features in smartphone
Psychological Behavior c. Study of related
gadget
Parts of using smartphone literature
Awareness to all the
that benefit students
beneficiaries about

student’s psychological

status

The input of this study includes the respondent’s information, hours of using

smartphone, psychological behavior and parts of using smartphone that benefit students.

The process are as follows: google form survey questionnaires, statistical and scientific
 LINGUNAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
F. Dulalia Street, Lingunan, Valenzuela City

treatment and the study of related literature. The expected output will be improved

awareness on using smartphone of the Lingunan Senior High Students, innovation of the

entrepreneur in creating of the features in smartphone gadget and awareness to all the

beneficiaries about student’s psychological status.

Statement of the Problem

IMPACT OF USING SMARTPHONES ON THE PSYCHOLGICAL BEHAVIOR

OF LINGUNAN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

The main purpose of the study is to determine the impacts of using smartphones
on the psychological behavior of Lingunan Senior High School Students.

Research Questions:

1. How do hours spent in using smartphone affects psychological behavior?

2. As a student, what aspect of using smartphone benefit you the most?

3. What are the factors that affects the psychological behavior in using smartphone?
 LINGUNAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
F. Dulalia Street, Lingunan, Valenzuela City

Hypothesis

The aforementioned problems led the researchers to pose the following hypothesis
for acceptance and rejection at a 0.5 level of significance.

The null hypothesis would be:

Ho: There is no impact of using smartphones on the psychological behavior of

Lingunan Senior High School students.

The alternative hypothesis would be:

Ha: There is an impact of using smartphones on the psychological behavior of

Lingunan Senior High students.

Significance of the Study

Every research study has a significance to the people, society, country, and the

world. The generalization of this present will benefit to the vast relation of our study to

be a tech-friendly individuals that uses Smartphones. With the raising concerns of

unnecessarily using smartphones inside of class, our study can help people on the field of

Education. Finding the beneficiaries of our study can help deal with erroneous issue of

smartphones being addictive and unamiable for learning new things.

 LINGUNAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
F. Dulalia Street, Lingunan, Valenzuela City

Future Researchers – This study was made to help the future researchers on finding an

easy and reliable articles on their studies related to this topic. this might benefit them as

use of RRLs or referential text that is needed for further studies.

Parents – This can benefit the parents to help as one of the core beneficiaries of the

study. As the guardians of the highschooler, they’re the one who must gather information

about the impacts of using smartphone on their children to guide them.

Students – We focuses more about the high school students. There are multiple benefits

to use smartphones as a teaching aid, including improved learning outcomes, increased

engagement among students, and an easier ability to keep students up to date about

assignments. The study can give them more potentials on facing the impacts of

smartphones to their personal factors.

Teachers – Smartphones have been considered a distraction in while that still remains

true, educators have slowly found that phones can be turned into learning tools. Phones

have evolved over the years into powerful teaching aids that, when used appropriately,

can improve learning outcomes. Many modern smart phones have the power and

potential of computers from the past decade and require only a fraction of the energy to

operate.

Entrepreneurs – Entrepreneurs will also perk in our study in terms of providing assist

for their subscribers and consumers, like students, by making an application to aid to be a
 LINGUNAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
F. Dulalia Street, Lingunan, Valenzuela City

digital-wellbeing and counter phone addictions that might further eradicate phones

purpose as convenient handheld device, especially to pupils and scholars that rely on

smartphone. Smartphone manufacturers can promote their products as accessible,

productive and expand their products’ favor to customers.

Scope and Limitation

The purpose of this study is to determine the factors of the use of smartphones in

psychological behavior of Lingunan Senior High School Students. This study will be

covered among the students enrolled in the school year 2022-2023 of the Senior High

School Department. The researcher will consider the benefits of smartphones on students

and the smartphones educational applications. This study will be a way to identify the

effects or the impact to every student using their smartphone in their psychological

behavior. It will measure the behavior of the respondents. In this study we will be able to

identify what are the psychological behavior factors that students adapt while using the

smartphone in an hour/s by giving them a survey questionnaire, and we will be able to

know how those factors will affect the students behavior. Those factors will affect

students in their studies, attitude and their health.

The researchers will only conduct the study in the Lingunan Senior High School

and students residing in Barangay Lingunan, Valenzuela City only. The study is

delimited only from Grade 11 to Grade 12 of Lingunan National High School, Senior
 LINGUNAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
F. Dulalia Street, Lingunan, Valenzuela City

High School Department. The study will be focusing and limited only on the impacts and

benefits of using smartphones in psychological behavior of the students. The research

will only focus on those students who have and are using smartphones in their everyday

life as a student. This study will consider the respondents personal information such as

name, age, grade level, strand and will be conducted through an online platform.

Definition of Terms

Academic- this refers to the studies that students do.

Addiction- it refers to a particular thing that an individual can’t stop itself from using.

Behavior- it is an action or activity of a person in response to external reactions to its

environment.

Behavioral Change- it refers to the change of the behavior of a person compared to

previous behavior.

Communication- it is the transmission of knowledge or conversation between

individuals.

Distraction- an object that diverts the attention of a person away from what they’re

doing, resulting in doing something else.

Educational Aid- an educational program, structures set of learnings designed to

enhance the learner’s knowledge and skills.

Factors- this refers to the possible causes of a problem.

 LINGUNAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
F. Dulalia Street, Lingunan, Valenzuela City

Mental Health- refers to the mental state and adjustment of human’s behavioral,

emotional and psychological well- being.

Negative- refers to the bad side of something or situation.

Overuse- it refers to the too much usage of a thing that may result in a negative

psychological impact.

Pandemic- occurrence of epidemic or outbreak worldwide, crossing countries and

affecting the living things that happened to live there.

Psychological- refers to the emotional and mental factors affecting the mind and actions

of an individual.

Psychological Status- a mental state of an individual, how an individual’s mind is

affected by the occurring situation.

Social Media- a form of interactive technology that facilitates the interactions of people

by exchanging information, thoughts, interests and others using the internet through

virtual communities.

Social networking- refers to the online platforms that help the people communicate and

share among users with the internet.

Smartphone- is an advanced electronic device that provides media features and has

internet access to run web applications.

Time Management- it is organized time arrangement or schedule of students for tasks

and study accordingly.

 LINGUNAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
F. Dulalia Street, Lingunan, Valenzuela City

Technology- it is the creation of technical knowledge that contains systems that make the

smartphones function.

Usage- an act or way of using something, the way it needs to be used.

 LINGUNAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
F. Dulalia Street, Lingunan, Valenzuela City

Chapter 2

METHODS

Research Design

The main objective of this study is to determine the impacts of smartphones in

aspects of the student’s psychological behavior in Lingunan National High School-

Senior High Department. A descriptive research design is being used in this study to

discover the psychological effect of using smartphones on the behavior of learners.

Descriptive research is used to obtain information concerning the status of the

phenomena and to describe “what exists” with respect to variables or conditions in a

situation. Descriptive studies can yield rich data that lead to important recommendations

in practice. Approach collects a large amount of data for detailed analysis. The term

descriptive research refers to the type of research question, design and data analysis that

will be applied to a given topic

Descriptive research can be either quantitative or qualitative. It can involve

collections of quantitative information that can be tabulated along a continuum in

numerical form. Some of the common data collection methods applied to questions

within the realm of descriptive research include surveys, interviews, observations, and

portfolios.
 LINGUNAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
F. Dulalia Street, Lingunan, Valenzuela City

According to Williams (2007), descriptive research is a research method that can

determine the situation in the current phenomenon. Nassaji (2015) also states that the

goal of descriptive research is drawing and classifying the phenomenon. Creswell (1994)

said the descriptive method of research is to gather information about the present existing

condition. Creswell (2012, p. 274) explained the purpose of the descriptive method is to

find a detailed explanation and description of the object of the research systematically.

Population and Sampling

This study will only be conducted at Lingunan National High School. The

respondent school is categorized as a local secondary school and a public school. The

number of respondents is as follows: N1= 110 (Grade 11 and 12 students).

In this study, the researcher used simple random sampling to select samples from

Lingunan National High School- Senior High School Department. Each respondent is

selected merely by chance, making each member of the population an equal chance to be

chosen in the sample.

Sources of Data

A survey was used as an instrument to find out how smartphone usage affects

Lingunan Senior High School Student’s psychological behavior.

Survey
 LINGUNAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
F. Dulalia Street, Lingunan, Valenzuela City

The primary data that the researchers collected was in the form of surveys or

questionnaires. To quickly collect the data, the researcher used google Forms to conduct

the said method, the form includes questions that the respondents need to answer honestly

to validate their responses.

The survey contains questions relating to the use of smartphones in the

psychological behavior of the students. The purposes of the questionnaires are to identify

the different impacts of using smartphones on the lifestyle and learning outcomes of the

learners and to determine the positive side of using smartphones or its benefits to the

learners and also the factors affecting the psychological behavior of the students.

Validation.

Administration and Retrieval.

Data Analysis

For a meaningful statistical treatment of the data and in order to achieve an in-

depth interpretation of the findings, the researcher used the following statistical tools:

1.) Weighted Mean

This statistical tool was used to compute the mean of the data to measure the

perception of respondents. It is calculated using the formula:

 LINGUNAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
F. Dulalia Street, Lingunan, Valenzuela City

Where:
W.M = Weighted Mean
X = weight of each scale item value
f = frequency of X
N = Overall total of the frequency for each item value
2.) Frequency and Percentage

The respondents’ preferred learning styles and problems encountered by the

respondents were determined by classifying them according to different

categories.

a. Frequency Distribution- a listing of data set that divides the data into classes

and gives a count on the number of observations in each class.

b. Percentage- the proportion of the sample in each section.

Where:
P = Percentage
n = Sample size
N = Total population
 LINGUNAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
F. Dulalia Street, Lingunan, Valenzuela City

The results were interpreted using the revised Likert-type scale responses.

SCALE REVISED LIKERT-TYPE SCALE RESPONSES

4.50 – 5.00 5 Strongly Agree Extremely Agree

3.50 – 4.49 4 Agree Moderately Agree
2.50 – 3.49 3 Neither Agree nor Disagree Somewhat Agree Very Likely
1.50 – 2.49 2 Disagree Disagree Somewhat Likely
0.05 – 1.49 1 Strongly Disagree Extremely Disagree Not Likely

The first set of interpretations was used to determine the effects of hours spending
in using smartphones on the student’s psychological behavior. The second set was used
for
the benefits of using smartphones and the third set was used for factors that affect the
psychological behavior in using a smartphone.

All computations were done with the use of Microsoft Excel.