The reactivity of metallic silver towards different reagents is described as follows: AUS 5 Not dissolved (due to the formation of impervious coating of AgCl on the surface) dry or —> No effect moist ai HS Black [4Ag + 2H,S +O, —> 2Ag.S + 2H,O] Metallic Ag so ‘Tarnishing of silver > 2Ag +2H,SO,—> Ag,SO,+SO, + HO HNO, Ag +2HNO,—> AgNO, +NO,+H,O hot conc. HCL > Not affected by dil. HCl Pong ag < Ebay However, in presence of O,, Ag reacts with dil. HCI 4Ag+4HCl+0, > 4AgCl+2H,O Similarly, in the presence of O,, Ag forms complex with NaCN/KCN 4Ag +8KCN +2H,0 +0, > 4K[Ag(CN),]+4KOH Silver nitrate (AgNO,) It is called as lunar caustic because on contact with skin it produces a burning sensation like that with caustic soda along with the formation of finely divided silver (black colour). Preparation When metallic Ag is dissolved in conc. HNO, it produces AgNO. Ag+2HNO, > AgNO, +NO, +H,0 Properties 1, Thermal decompositios 2AgNO, > 2Ag+2NO, +0, Agis obtained as black metallic residue. 2. 6AgNO, +31, +3H,O — SAgl+AglO, +6HNO, (excess)3. The reactions of AgNO, towards different acid radicals are summarized as follows: coy Ag,CO, J (yellowish white ppt.) Ag,SO, 1 (white ppt.) Ag,S 4 (black ppt.) Ag,S,0, 1 (white ppt.) CH,CO,Ag L (white ppt.) HCO,Ag 4 (white ppt.) AgoC,0, 1 (white ppt.) AgNO, J (white ppt.) CUBE Agel (white ppt.) AgBr 1 (pale yellow ppt.) Ag 1 (yellow ppt.) Ag,PO, J (yellow ppt.) AgBO, J (white ppt.) Ag,CrO, 4 (brick red ppt.) AgyCr,07 4 (reddish brown ppt.) Note: Preparation of AgCl, AgBr, AgI, Ag,S,O, can be done very easily by the reaction of AgNO, with KCl, KBr, KI and Na,$,O; solution (reactions are shown above). Properties of all these com- pounds are also discussed at different places in Chapter 7 4. suascgin (7S insoluble AgNO, HH, age) BY agg HL Sey [ime om aos AY Kso. Ago ih AgO black, As AAgCl + 2Na,CO, > 4Agl + ANaCl + 2COy + Oy 2AgCI + 2NsOH —> Ag,0 + 2NaCl + HO Ag.O + CHO, 9 2Agl + GMC. slucose gluconie acid Ag,0+11,0, +2Ag+H,0+0, K,S,O, +2 AgNO, +2H,0 > 2Ag0+2KHSO, +2HNO, ‘ed to be paramagnetic due to d’ configuration. But actually itis diamagnetic and exists AgCl and AgBr are used in photography.Ferric Oxide, Fe,0; Physical Properties : Deep red coloured powder and insoluble in water PREPARATION CHEMICAL PRopERTiES Na,CO.(Fusion). Amphoteric!— —CO, MaFe0, UNAM, a Feo, Nature | NaOH (Fusion -NaCl.H., . =H,0 Fe,0, a So Feo, 1300°C Fe,0, -O, et Uses : Itis used (i) asred pigment. (i) an abrasive polishing powder. i) asa catalyst. ZnO, Zinc oxide (Chinese white or Philosopher's wool Itis found in nature as zincite or red zinc ore. Physical Properties : (i) White powder which becomes yellow on heating due to change in the structure of latlice again turns white on cooling. (i) Insoluble in water and sublimes at 400°C. PREPARATION CHEMICAL PROPERTIES H,SO, Znt0, OP 2080, + Amphoterice 2nCO, A nature 0, ZnO Naot > Na,Zn0, Zn(Oh),. A ms (-H,0) Zn(NO, ms Zn+H.0 ni she or in+H.A (NO. 0.0, ‘AAOOTC Uses : Itis used (i) asawhite paint. It does not get tarnished even in presence of HS because ZnS is also white. (ii) for preparing Rinmann's green (green paint ZnCoO2). (ii) asa catalyst for preparation of methyl alchol (iv) for making soft rubber. Cupric oxide, (CuO) : It is called black oxide of copper and is found in nature as tenorite. Physical properties : Black powder, insoluble in water and stable to moderate heating.PREPARATION CHEMICAL PROPERTIES T< 100% Cu,0 +0, oO T> 100% cu(or 4 x Cu,0 ul ° -HO H . A cuo > Cu Cu(NO,); 4 “HO “ NO,, 0; H,IC/CO -H,0/CO: ‘CuCO,,Cu(OH)r OICO, (Machite ore} ~CO,, H.0 Silver oxide (Ag20) Physical properties : Brown solid sparingly soluble in water properties. PREPARATION CHEMICAL PROPERTIES ——* sagt, 7 = 75 >a AgNO, + NAOH age] ABO CHa H,0 =CK.on > ASBr HBr (or asilation) =C.H,0GH, “9 Uses: \tis used (i) as Tollen’s reagent for detection of aldehydes, formic acid, and terminal alkynes. (i) inthe manufacturing of mirrors. Chlorides (CI-) of Fe?*, Zn?* and Cut* Ferric Chloride, FeCl; Prepration (a) Anhydrous FeCls Preparation A FeCl(anhya.) + 0. --5——» Fe + Cl, (dryy ——“ 4 Fecl, FeGi,6H.0 + SOC, oreo. co ocH, I -G-CH, FeCL,6H0 +CH,-G-CH, —aa oy ocH, -CH,COCH, (b) Hydrated FeCis Preparation Fe(OH), + Hl —_____—» -H,0 Fe(CO,), + HCI >| — (HO + CO.) FeCl, Fe,0, + HCl Ho >| |, +l Fe + HCI + Cl, aProperties : Anhydrous FeCl: is dark black solid, while hydrated salt. FeCls.6H.0 is yellowish-brown deliquescent crystalline liquid Both hydrous FeCls and hydrated FeCl, are soluble in water as well as ether forming solvated species. CoHs, [Fe(H20)sChJCL2H20 and Dot > FeCis respectively Cos It sublimes at 300°C giving a dimeric gas. ClL_ CINK Cl Few Few cl Cl Cl shemical Properties : (i) Action of heat : FeCh(anhydrous) —A_, 2FeChe + Cle 2FeCls.6H20 —A_, FexOst6HCI+9H20 (i) Aqueous solution is acidic due to hydrolysis, [Fe(H0).)** +H,0 = [Fe(H,0)5(OH))"' +Hj0° Acid Base Base Acid (iii) As an oxidising agent Fes _redkeingayent_, Feet snc, FoCl+SnCl, HS > FeCl,+HCl+S FeCl, SOHO Fecl+H,S0,HCl Ki FeCl+KCl+l, NaCO+H:O , Fo(OH),tNaClCO, NOCI (iv) Fecl, > FeCLNOCI ‘compound format NH. _, Feci,eny,< matin Uses: Itis used (i) asa medicine, (i) for detection of phenols. (il) for making Prussian blue dyes. (iv) as an oxidising agent. Zinc Chloride Prepration of Hydrated ZnCl2 (ZnClz.2H20) 4 ZnO+HCl. ———> —* > anon t+ znorict -HCI, H,O° Anhydrous ZnCl2 distilln Zn+Cl, — > ens zn tHgCl, “HgProperties White crystalline solid, deliquescent and soluble in water. Its concentrated solution sets to a hard mass when mixed with ZnO and product is used as a dental filing. ric chlor Physical Properties Itis deliquescent compound. readily soluble in water. Dilute & solution is blue but concentrated solutions is green It changes to yellow when concentrated HCl is added Blue colour is due to complex cation [Cu(H20).)2* and yellow colour due to complex axion [CuCl:-and green when both are present 2H, PREPARATION (Chemical ProreRmes cys et wom a CuCl +0- ‘Cu(Ok),.CuCo, + HCI > cucl Hydrated HOO, uch uo + Her Os, 0)810, =e > CuCl for anhydrous 0.50 5%0 |e cucoriy #4 cucr, sc). ae ie) cute Lito Fc, NICIH.O oop) *Anhyrous CuCl, on heating 2Cucl,—*+ 2Cuchcl, Heating effect : Cuch. 20> CuCk + 2H:0