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Exp 5 - Sketches of Job Layout

Job layout pdf

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17 views

Exp 5 - Sketches of Job Layout

Job layout pdf

Uploaded by

joshipratyush56
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Building Construction

CE – PC 201

Prepared by

Sh. Babul Das


Lecturer
Department of Civil Engineering
DSEU (Pusa Campus)
Layout of foundation plan
Objective: To prepare two room with front verandah layout of a building.
Apparatus: Steel tape, cord or rope, peg, mallet, a large wooden tri-square etc.
Material: Lime, nails and sufficient long string or rope etc.
Theory:
After determining the width and depth
of foundation, a drawing showing the
width of foundations of various walls is
prepared. It is known as foundation
plan. The north line is shown on
foundation plan of the building to have
the desired orientation of the building
at the site.
Before commencement of building
operations, the whole area should be
cleared off any grass, trees etc. Then
the position of the building should be
carefully marked on the ground. The
site should be levelled. The trenches to
receive the foundation are then set on
the surface of ground before their
actual excavation is started.
Layout of foundation plan
Layout of foundation plan
1. Marking excavation lines on site is known as layout of
foundation.
2. To start the commencement of excavation, the center line of one
of the longest walls is just marked out by stretching a string
between two wooden pegs, driven at the ends. Now set out the
center lines of other walls, The reference to this wall.
3. The center line perpendicular to the reference line, is marked on
the ground by 3 : 4 : 5 method. Suppose AB is the reference
line. A line BC is to be marked as perpendicular to AB. Now set
off a distance of 3 m (or three divisions of any length) on AB
and take two strings of 4m and 5 m lengths, (or 4 and 5
divisions of the length taken on AB) and set out a triangle with
these lengths as ides. The triangle HBG will be a right angled
triangle and the line BC along BG will be perpendicular to AB.
4. After tracing the center line of all the walls, masonry pillars or
wooden pegs are driven at a distance of nearly 2 m from the
center line. The top of each of these masonry pillars or wooden
page must be at the sea level, irrespective of the nature of the
ground the height of these pillars is recorded with the help of a
dumpy level. Each peg may project about 25 to 50 mm above
ground level.
Layout of foundation plan
• Two pegs, one on either side of
the central peg, are driven at
each end of the line. Each peg
is equidistant from the central
peg, and the distance between
the outer pegs corresponds to
the width of foundation trench
to be excavated.
• When string is stretched joining
the corresponding pegs
(say 2-2) at the two extremities
of the line, the boundary of the
trench to be excavated can be
marked on the ground with dry
lime powder.
Layout of foundation plan
Procedure:
• Fix up a reference line from the nearby road, street, building or any other permanent
structure parallel to the face of the proposed building.
• Set the right angles with the help of wooden tri- square and mark the centre line of the face
wall by measuring distances from the reference line and fix up the pegs.
• Mark all corners along the centre lines of different walls with the help of pegs by measuring
the distances from the center line of the face wall.
• Check the diagonals of all the rectangles, which should be equal.
• Then fix the boundary pegs of each trench to be excavated by measuring the distances from
the respective centre lines already marked.
• Stretch the string or rope between the pegs denoting each boundary line in turn and marked
the boundaries by spreading lime over the cord.
• Then shift the central peg about 1 m away from the outer boundaries of the trenches to be excavated.
Precautions:
• The necessary calculations should be done and checked before starting the work. All the
measurements should be taken with steel tapes. Every measurement should be taken and
marked on the ground upto the central nails fixed on the top of pegs. The reference line
should be accurately marked. Diagonals must be checked before marking the boundaries of
the trenches. Work should be done from whole to part.
Marking for excavation
Thank you

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