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Resistance Notes

G10-Physics Circuit & current, resistance, factors that affect resistance, Ohm's Law with refrence

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18 views

Resistance Notes

G10-Physics Circuit & current, resistance, factors that affect resistance, Ohm's Law with refrence

Uploaded by

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PHYSICS

RESISTANCE

CIRCUIT & CURRENT


➢ The flow of electrons by the push of a battery is called current. It is
measured in amperes (A).
➢ Potential difference (p. d.), or voltage is measured in volts (V). The
greater the p. d. across a battery, the more energy each electron is
given.

To make a current flow in a conductor, there must be a potential


difference (voltage) across it.

RESISTANCE
Resistance is the obstacle to the flow of electrons. The SI unit of
resistance is ohm (Ω).

R: resistance, V: voltage (p. d.), I:


current V
R= V/I
I R
V= I.R

I=V/R

FACTORS THAT AFFECT RESISTANCE


1. Length: Doubling the length of a wire doubles its resistance.
2. Cross-sectional Area: Halving the ‘end on’ area of a wire doubles its. A thin
wire has more resistance than a thicker wire.
3. Material

4. Temperature

TEMPERATURE EFFECT

The heating effect occurs because electrons collide with atoms


as they pass through a conductor. The electrons lose energy. The
atoms gain energy and vibrate faster. Faster vibrations mean a higher
temperature.

RESISTANCE COMPONENTS
Resistors are specifically to provide resistance

➢ Variable Resistors (rheostats): are used for varying current

➢ Thermistors: have a high resistance when called but a much lower


resistance when hot they contain semiconductor materials
➢ Light-dependent resistors (LDRs): have a high resistance in the dark but a
low resistance in the light
➢ Diodes: have an extremely high resistance in one direction but a low
resistance in the other in effect they allow current to flow in one
direction only

OHM’S LAW
A current is proportional to the p. d.1

Metal conductors obey Ohm's law, provided their temperature


does not change. Put another way, and metal conductor has a constant

1 A graph of parents against p. d. is a straight line through the origin. If the p. d.


doubles the current doubles, … and so on.

1
resistance provided its temperature is constant.

THE EFFECTS OF LENGTH & AREA


resistance = p. d./current

If other factors do not change resistance is directly proportional to length.

If other factors do not change resistance is directly proportional to 1/area.

PROPORTIONALITY
R = ρ.l/A

ρ = R.A/l

resistanceA . areaA / lengthA = resistanceB . areaB / lengthB

REFERENCES
1. Complete Physics for IGCSE, Stephen Pople, Oxford Publications

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