Department of Computer Science and Engineering (Data Science)

Image Processing and Computer Vision I (DJ19DSL603)

NAME: Paritosh Shukla SAP-60009220023
Lab 5: Image Enhancement in Spatial Domain using Neighbourhood Processing
Techniques

Aim: To perform image enhancement in spatial domain using neighbourhood

processing techniques: Basic High Pass and High Boost filtering

Theory:

1. Basic High Pass:

The principal objective of high pass (sharpening) filter is to highlight fine detail in an
image or to enhance detail that has been blurred, either in error or as a natural
effect of a particular method of image acquisition. Uses of image sharpening vary
and include applications ranging from electronic printing and medical imaging to
industrial inspection and autonomous target detection in military systems.

The shape of the impulse response needed to have a high pass (sharpening) spatial filter
indicates that the filter should have positive coefficients in the outer periphery.
For a 3 x 3 mask, choosing a positive value in the centre location with negative
coefficients in the rest of the mask meets this condition. Thus when the mask is
over an area of constant or slowly varying gray level, the output of the mask is
zero or very small. This result is consistent with what is expected from the
corresponding frequency domain filter.

fig 1. A high pass filter mask

2. High Boost Filter:

The goal of high boost filtering is to enhance the high frequency

information without completely eliminating the background of the image.
 We know that:
(High-pass filtered image)=(Original image)-(Low-pass filtered image)

We define:

Department of Computer Science and Engineering (Data Science)

Image Processing and Computer Vision I (DJ19DSL603)
Lab 5: Image Enhancement in Spatial Domain using Neighbourhood Processing
Techniques

(High boost filtered image) = 𝐴 × (Original image) - (Low-pass filtered image)

(High boost) = (𝐴−1) × (Original) + (Original) - (Low-pass)
(High boost) = (𝐴−1) × (Original) + (High-pass)

Note:
i. when 𝐴>1, part of the original is added back to the high-pass filtered
version of the image in order to partly restore the lowfrequency
components that would have been eliminated with standardhighpass
filtering. ii. Typical values for 𝐴 are values slightly higher than 1, as for
example 1.15, 1.2, etc.

The resulting image looks similar to the original image with some edge
enhancement.

The spatial mask that implements the high boost filtering algorithm is shown
below.

fig 2. High boost filter mask

The resulting image depends on the choice of A.

Lab Assignments to complete in this session

Department of Computer Science and Engineering (Data Science)

Image Processing and Computer Vision I (DJ19DSL603)
Lab 5: Image Enhancement in Spatial Domain using Neighbourhood Processing
Techniques

Problem Statement: Develop a Python program utilizing the OpenCV library to

enhace the images in spatial domain using neighbourhood processing with sharpening
operators (High pass filtering and High boost filtering). The program should address
the following tasks:

1. Read any low contrast image from COVID 19 Image Dataset.

Dataset Link: Covid-19 Image Dataset
2. Display the before & after image(s) used in every task below.
3. Apply basic high pass filter and compare the before and after result. 4. Apply
basic high boost filter and compare the before and after result.

The solution to the operations performed must be produced by scratch coding without
the use of built in OpenCV methods.
10/2/24, 11:48 PM exp_6.ipynb - Colab

import numpy as np import

matplotlib.pyplot as plt from
PIL import Image

def read_image(image_path): img =

Image.open(image_path).convert('L')
return np.array(img)

def read_image_color(image_path):
img = Image.open(image_path).convert('RGB')
return np.array(img)

def display_images(original, filtered, title1, title2):

plt.figure(figsize=(12, 6))
plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)
plt.title(title1) if
original.ndim == 2:
plt.imshow(original, cmap='gray')
else:
plt.imshow(original)
plt.axis('off')

plt.subplot(1, 2,
2) plt.title(title2)
if filtered.ndim == 2:
plt.imshow(filtered, cmap='gray')
else:
plt.imshow(filtered)
plt.axis('off')
plt.show()

def apply_filter(image, kernel):

kernel_size = kernel.shape[0]
pad = kernel_size // 2

if image.ndim == 3:
padded_image = np.pad(image, ((pad, pad), (pad, pad), (0, 0)), mode='constant')
filtered_image = np.zeros_like(image)

for i in range(image.shape[0]):
for j in range(image.shape[1]):
region = padded_image[i:i + kernel_size, j:j + kernel_size]
for channel in range(image.shape[2]):
filtered_image[i, j, channel] = np.sum(region[:, :, channel] * kernel)

else:
padded_image = np.pad(image, pad, mode='constant')
filtered_image = np.zeros_like(image)

for i in range(image.shape[0]):
for j in range(image.shape[1]):
region = padded_image[i:i + kernel_size, j:j + kernel_size]

filtered_image[i, j] = np.sum(region * kernel) return filtered_image

def high_pass_filter(image):
kernel = np.array([[0, -1, 0],
[-1, 5, -1],
[0, -1, 0]]) return
apply_filter(image, kernel)

def low_pass_filter(image):
kernel = np.array([[1/16, 2/16, 1/16],
[2/16, 4/16, 2/16],
[1/16, 2/16, 1/16]]) return
apply_filter(image, kernel)

def high_boost_filter(image, A):

low_passed = low_pass_filter(image)
high_passed = high_pass_filter(image)
boosted = (A - 1) * image + high_passed
boosted = np.clip(boosted, 0, 255) return
boosted.astype(np.uint8)

https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1EXPNL5DiakudqM1QuPXnWpZJRTtL57BL#scrollTo=PbpUmr54alEm&printMode=true 1/5
10/2/24, 11:48 PM exp_6.ipynb - Colab
image_path = '/content/Low-contrast-detailed-image-of-a-religious-building.png' original_image
= read_image(image_path)

high_passed_image = high_pass_filter(original_image) display_images(original_image,

high_passed_image, "Original Image", "High Pass Filtered Image")

A = 1
high_boosted_image = high_boost_filter(original_image, A) display_images(original_image,
high_boosted_image, "Original Image", "High Boost Filtered Image")

A = 0.5
high_boosted_image = high_boost_filter(original_image, A) display_images(original_image,
high_boosted_image, "Original Image", "High Boost Filtered Image")

https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1EXPNL5DiakudqM1QuPXnWpZJRTtL57BL#scrollTo=PbpUmr54alEm&printMode=true 2/5
10/2/24, 11:48 PM exp_6.ipynb - Colab

A = 1.5
high_boosted_image = high_boost_filter(original_image, A) display_images(original_image,
high_boosted_image, "Original Image", "High Boost Filtered Image")

image_path = '/content/photo-1472820555436-84b6cad88e04.jpeg'
original_image = read_image(image_path)

high_passed_image = high_pass_filter(original_image) display_images(original_image,

high_passed_image, "Original Image", "High Pass Filtered Image")

A = 1
high_boosted_image = high_boost_filter(original_image, A) display_images(original_image,
high_boosted_image, "Original Image", "High Boost Filtered Image")

https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1EXPNL5DiakudqM1QuPXnWpZJRTtL57BL#scrollTo=PbpUmr54alEm&printMode=true 3/5
10/2/24, 11:48 PM exp_6.ipynb - Colab

A = 0.5
high_boosted_image = high_boost_filter(original_image, A)
display_images(original_image, high_boosted_image, "Original Image", "High Boost Filtered Image")

Start coding or generate with AI.

A = 1.5 high_boosted_image = high_boost_filter(original_image, A) display_images(original_image,

high_boosted_image, "Original Image", "High Boost Filtered Image")

image_path = '/content/csm_picture_8_1b8bcd4956.jpg'
original_image = read_image(image_path)

high_passed_image = high_pass_filter(original_image) display_images(original_image,

high_passed_image, "Original Image", "High Pass Filtered Image")

https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1EXPNL5DiakudqM1QuPXnWpZJRTtL57BL#scrollTo=PbpUmr54alEm&printMode=true 4/5
10/2/24, 11:48 PM exp_6.ipynb - Colab

A = 1
high_boosted_image = high_boost_filter(original_image, A)
display_images(original_image, high_boosted_image, "Original Image", "High Boost Filtered Image")

A = 0.5
high_boosted_image = high_boost_filter(original_image, A)
display_images(original_image, high_boosted_image, "Original Image", "High Boost Filtered Image")

A = 1.5 high_boosted_image = high_boost_filter(original_image, A) display_images(original_image,

high_boosted_image, "Original Image", "High Boost Filtered Image")

https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1EXPNL5DiakudqM1QuPXnWpZJRTtL57BL#scrollTo=PbpUmr54alEm&printMode=true 5/5
Conclusion:
In this experiment, we explored two powerful image enhancement techniques:
High Pass Filtering and High Boost Filtering.
High Pass Filtering was effective in sharpening images by enhancing edges and fine details,
making it a useful tool for applications such as medical imaging and industrial inspection.
High Boost Filtering allowed for selective enhancement of high-frequency components,
providing flexibility in controlling the degree of enhancement by adjusting the parameter 'A'.
Both techniques demonstrated their effectiveness in improving image quality,
and their applicability can be extended to various real-world scenarios requiring enhanced visual