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rock mechanics

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7 views24 pages

Tutorial - 3

rock mechanics

Uploaded by

christian_obregon_mtm
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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McGill University

Department of Mining and Materials Engineering

MIME-421/521
Rock Mechanics
Fall 2019

TUTORIAL #3
Mohr’s Circle in 2D Stress Analysis

23-Sep-2019
Stress Definition
Stress is force divided by area
Normal and Shear Stress
Mohr Circle
Representation of Stress State
Normal and Shear Stresses
on Inclined Planes
Stress Transformation Equations
𝜎𝑦

𝜏𝑥𝑦

𝜏𝑦𝑥
𝜎𝑥

Principal Stresses Magnitudes:

Principal Stress Orientation:


2D Mohr’s Circle
In two dimensional stress analysis, Mohr’s circle is a graphical representation
of the stress state of a point in a body under static equilibrium.

In two dimensional loading, the


stress tensor is given by:
Sign Convention for Mohr’s Circle
• Mechanical Engineering (Solid Mechanics):

Tensile (+)
Compressive (-)

• Geotechnical Engineering (Soil and Rock Mechanics):

Tensile (-)
Compressive (+)

• For Shear Stresses:

Counter Clockwise CCW (-)


Clockwise CW (+)

Note: Positive shear stresses plot below the σ axis.


Constructing Mohr’s Circle
Example #1:
The principal stresses at a point are σ1=450 MPa andσ3=120 MPa, as shown in
the figure below.

Determine:
(i) Mean stress
(ii) Differential stress
(iii) Deviatoric stress.
Example #2:
The state of plane stress at a point is represented by the stress element
below. Draw the Mohr’s circle. Determine the principal stresses and the
orientation of the principal planes.
𝜎𝑦
𝜎𝑥 = +50 MPa
𝜎𝑦 = +20 MPa 𝜏𝑥𝑦
𝜏𝑥𝑦 = −10 MPa
𝜏𝑦𝑥 = +10 MPa 𝜏𝑦𝑥
𝜎𝑥
Example #3:
Given the stress element (shown below), find the normal (σ) and shear (𝜏)
stress components for a plane that is inclined at 30° counter clockwise from the
horizontal axis. Draw the corresponding stress elements.

𝜎1 = 25 MPa
𝜎1
𝜎3 = 5 MPa

𝜎3
Ѳ=30°
Example #4:
A stress state for a given rock mass has been measured where:

σ1 = 15 MPa, plunging 35° towards 085°


σ2 = 10 MPa, plunging 43° towards 217°
σ3 = 8 MPa, plunging 27° towards 335°

Find the 3-D stress tensor in the right-handed XYZ co-ordinate system with:

• x, horizontal to the east,


• y, horizontal to the north,
• z, vertically upwards.
Example #5:
A 3D numerical model of a underground excavation was created using RS3
software. Assuming a linear elastic behavior for the rock mass, the six
components of the stress tensor at a point were measured. See Figure below.

𝜎𝑥x = 14.0 MPa


𝜎𝑦y = 34.8 MPa
𝜎zz = 16.1 MPa

𝜏𝑥𝑦 = -0.6 MPa


𝜏xz = -2.1 MPa
𝜏𝑦𝑥 = 6.0 Mpa

Determine the magnitude (MPa) of the principal stresses (i.e. σ1, σ2 and σ3) and
their orientations in terms of Trend/Plunge.
Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors Calculator https://keisan.casio.com/exec/system/15076952738290
3D Numerical Model in RS3

Measuring Point
σ1 = 37 MPa, σ2 = 16 MPa, σ3 = 12 MPa.
Plunge

Trend

Trend (°) 177 70 102

Plunge (°) 17 45 41
3D Mohr’s Circle

By convention σ1 > σ2 > σ3

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