Concept, Alms & Objectives of Physical Development of Physical Education in India Fast Independence Changing Trends in Sports-playing surface wearable gears and sports equipment jechnologteal advancements Career Options in Physical Education Khelo-India and Pit-ndia Programme CHANGING TRENDS AND CAREERS IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION PNR ‘the end ofthis unt, you willbe able to: Recagntze the concep of Phystea Education Identify the aims and objective of Physteal ‘Education z Identity Post-independence development in physical edueation. Categorise Changing Trends in sports. playing surface, wearable gears, sports ‘equipment and technologicaladvancements. plore different career options inthe field of Physical Education Make out the development ofKhelo India and Pit-India Programme: Peres READ THE NEWSPAPER CLIPPING GIVEN BELOW CBSE Makes Physical Education Compulsory in Schools New Delhi: Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) introduced a streamlined and well designed Health and Physical Education Programme to mainstream health and physical ‘education in schools especially for students of classes 9 to 12. "CBSE decided to mainstream Health and Physteal Education for classes IX to XIl with the aim of holistle development ofthe child, leading to a well-balanced individual in all walks of fe. “The aim of mainstrearning Health and Physical Education Is to enable the students toattain an optimum state of health. CGS aims to provide a focussed curriculum for Health and Physical Education imbued with Life Skills in all its affiliated schools.” CBSE asked schools that while preparing timetable one period every day may be reserved for Health and Phiystal Edueation especially for class 9 to 12. Discuss your ideas with your class groups What doyou think CBSE’s Health and Physical Education Programme includes? Why has CBSE decided to make Health and Physical Education Programme compulsory for schools? oyou think school students are in need of such a Programme? Why /Why not? Why is the Programme aimed especially for class 9 to 12? Ifyou were to design the Programme, what features would it include? Why? 7.NTRODUCTION Physical Education is a combination of two separate words, id education’, pace?T word physical means - related to body - that include physical strength, physical engaiyi¢ °" physical fitness, appearance and health. The second word education means - prepara”! life or systematic instruction and training. In olden days people used to take part i, 8}A¢ physical activities as there were no other means and every work was done with hands, sical Education deals with the relaty, nd development of body and mind besides physical, mental 2)” scope of physical education has become broader. Phy between physical well-being and emotional development of the bod “Physical Education is a process of education which aims at the holistic development a individual by using physical activity or body movement } cordin ‘expert " cord Concept, Aims & Objectives of Physical Education poole PP = esporise 1.1.1 CONCEPT |Accordit The concept of Physical Education comprises holistic education for the development ¢d¢°2" personality of the child to its fullest and perfection in body, mind and spirit through engag 0"! 4° lar physical activities. Physical education through the medium of physical activig Accor! helps individuals to attain physical fitness. It contributes to physical efficien¢ *P°"" mental alertness and the development of qualities like team spirit, leadership and obedience 2”"7 4°" rules. It develops personal and social skills among the learners and mal a @ positive impact on their physical, social, emotional and mental development. It al Sle contributes to the total health of learners and the community. 1.1.2 MEANING OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION Physical education is an education which develops harmonious growth and development of child. It develops all the powers of an individual-physical, mental, moral as well a: According to Comenius, “Education is the development of the whole man. The ultimate em ‘man is happiness with God.” So physical education is considered as education of the besty oly enables an individual to grow and develop fully. Physical activities are the eclucational ceo promote optimum growth and development. Physical education isnot only doing ohne gto but also related with health education, reereation, anatomy physiology, paycholagy wet sy Some Important Definitions of Physical Education : Different people hia, Sociology education in different ways. A few definition are listed below. lave defined physic According to Charles A. Bucher, “Physical education fs an integral part op process and has as its aim the development of physically, mentally, coreg. citizen through the medium of physical activities which have been ee realizing these outcomes." elec ‘According to H.C. Buck, ‘Physical education is the part of Ls which is considered with growth, development and education of enfin t°840N. programme Physic of big muscle activities. Physical activities are the tools. They are so eee MOURh the nediuth the, a to influence every child's life physically, mentally, emotionally ang amen 4nd conducted a indivi According to Delbert Oberteuffer, ‘Physical education isthe sum of nog, ‘come to the individual through movement. experiences a io iS social. the total educa ally and socially ted with a viewcording to J.P. Thomas, is pugh physical activi Pring to C.C. Cowell, ‘Physic tion 4s the social process of charge tn the behaviour ly from the stimulus of big-muscle play and related activitk : ig to JF. William, "Physical education is the sum of man's physical activites selected hysical Education 1s that fleld of education which deals with by 1 responses. : Physical education is the sum of the changes in (he individual caused ‘ording to Nixon and Cozens, ‘Physical education should be defined as that phase of the education which is concerned with vigorous muscular activities and related sponses and with the modifications in the individual resultant from these respon: ording to Marshal & Rees, “Physical education is but one aspect of the larger problem of ral, and any system which divorces, or tends to divorce, the physical from the jellectual aspects of life, is thoroughly unsound. ording to Brownhill and Hagman, “Physical education is the accumulation of wholesome es through participation in large muscular activities that promote optimum growth development. jing to AAHPER, “Physical education is the way of education through physical activites which selected and carried on with regard to values in human growth, development and behaviour: ur) | Pecan Peay poy |.1.3 AIMS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION Physical education is considered as education he aim of general education. Physical education helps in d ndividual which make him efficient for any kind of learning According to National plan of Physical education and recreation, “The aim of Physical ee ee ot be fo make every child physically, mentally and emotionally ft and also to through movement because it helps in achieving leveloping certain qualities tn anINISHVAS aTexvB00K oF ewrscat reucatious develop in him such persond and build him up as a good citizen The aim of Physical education education shoukd aim to provi eR Tae afford an oppor al and social qualities as will help him te ty for t wholesous ee eit veaaices £2 voneidered as wholesome development of personality. Aig erg = ved it becomes objective Poems From April 2019, CBSE has made Health and Physical Education period compulsory for C ‘OBJECTIVES 1, Value Physical Education 2, Develop Interest in the Discipline 3, Achieve Optimum Physical Fitness & Health | 4, Awareness of movement 5. Organic Development ive happily with pose. In 1964, William saia, 6, Neuro-muscular Co-ordination 7, Emotional Development 8. Social Development Develop Motor Skills 10. Enjoyment and Satisfaction 11. Development of Evaluative Skills 12. Interpretive Development 19. Moral & Character Building 14, Remedial Values 15, Optimum Sports Performance 16. Effective Citizenship EXTENSION ACTIVITY ‘Take part in any form of physical activity for one week (the jogging/walking, recreat below I activity, adventure sports ete,), After Name of the Activity 3 What motivated you to choose this activity? 4 How do you feel after particlp niin this activity? 4 Would you like to continue participation in this acuivity? Ifyour response to the above question is Yes’ or'No* yh activity can be ‘ason, ce Phys and ample time thee or groups to act in situations that are physig ‘ Aim of 7 nine physica Active optim la. Awareness of Ib. Developmen’ develop Neuromuse interdepend activities like body. It also’ 7. Emotional emotions lil balanced. Social deve opportuniti like coopera ahealthy s¢ Develop m education j 10. Enjoymen! gives enjoy, 11. Developm: well-desigt 12. Interpreti any sports, simple) ability. Thi week fll the table given 13. Moral & ( based ont academic 14. Remedial corrective 15. Optimum 16. Effective the coun)physical Jop interest in the discipline: In order to develop interest a well-designed plan jam and high level of interest towards this discipline ptimum physical fitness and health: The main aim of physical educa be to develop physical fitness of an individual so that he can attain optimal capacity and develop healthy habits to remain fit srxreness of movement: The programme of physical education is a creative medium for pression and aesthetic appreciation. Fundamental movement skills hhysical education develops the specific skills like dance ete pevelopment of organ system: The first and primary objective of physical education is t ‘ystems like respiratory system, circulatory system, digestive system and muscular system improves thereby increases physical efficiency Neuromuscular coordination: Brain and body are two separate things but are v pendent. The development of neuro-muscular skills develop the ability of various ike, running, jumping, throwing, catching, ete. It develops control and balance of the it also leads to the development of reflexes. Emotional development: In different situations in the ons luke anger, fear and jealously. Physical educat field individual learns to controt wn makes a person emotionally nced social development: Physical education leads to social development as it provide many “ts and builds relationships. Development of various qualities portunities for social con to become a food human being for ke cooperation. sacrifice, sportsmanship help an individu \ealthy society Develop motor skills: For successful participation in diferent sports activities ‘edueation programme helps an individual to develop his motor skills 10. Enjoyment and satisfaction: a physteal education programme satisfaction. a physical Through physical activities gives enjoyment and. 51. Development of evaluative skills: well-designed physical education programme. 12. Interpretive development: Physical educ: ability. ‘They can critically reflect upon physical 13. Moral & Character building: Physical education programme should be well tpazed on building character traits such as morality, self-esteem, with Positive growth, boosting snidemic achievement, lowering stress level with challenging life goals. 14. Remedial values: Physical education programme teaches 1s about the 15. Optimum sports performance: It brings an individual 16. Effective citizenship: Physical education programme prepares the country ina better way. An individual can evaluate his performance through @ jon helps an individual to develop interpretive ‘activity in their local and intercultural context designed and safety habits and 16 optimum performance level an effective citizen to serve Nive Ae)According to National Planning of Physical Education and Recreatt nthe “alm of Phygisix Commone Fai be to make every child phystally, mentally and emotionally fan se op in h and sora qualtes aa wil help hm to Ive happy with thee a | develop in him such personal and social “| | bul him up a good citizen’ ee OU mee enor es ee eaten) Playing surfac xd for e Pbcing use! he field of Physical education numerous schemes were Introduced by Government of india independence. Government of India setup Central Government Physical Education Com Known as Tara Chand Committee which recommends Central Institute of Physical Education, Recreation and improvement of standards of games and sports in India. Isurfaces have by Igames to be P gender them ur Jor comfort for t Ciyial Acisony Board of Physical Education was setup to ntroduce Physical Education Subypatiral iiss Praceileary subject at elementary, middle and senior secondary level. A National Plagrehuding, movt Physical Education and Recreation was set up 1956. In 1951 first Asian Games were held at New Delhi which motivated Indian youth to participat eens. | ae {har Amt rine Cnn Sher mesa spin 859." gad OO" the scheme was to streamline coaching program i india, sine here wereno peekete ee Feast that line: Netooal Insitute of Spora 605) AM Ge) CE ‘oproduce qualified coaches in dierent gamesandl spurte a softe Gm Counc of Sports came io exsence 154 wth a purpose lo coordinate betwg withel crayon und National Sprts Federations inorder to asistin fntoedal acre India Coug ©) ‘Synth ofSports, Stat Sports Council and District Sports Council were east polyut rena Minister of Euetion & Culture, Government of india establishes trot College of Physi, OPttm auction as Lakshmba! Coles of Pyskal Bdvcalon CPE) a ene Madbye Dace) Text . n ; Madhya Pradesh, 1978, Lakshmibai Collegeof Physical Education was senamea Takshmibai National College! (@) Grass Physical Baucation(LNCPE) which later got status of Dean University” for central gece surfar ser thenameoflakshmibai National Institutet Physieal duce (LNIPE), ai low-t Ministry of Edueation, established Sports and Youth Wellan na surfay partment Physical Education in India, Partment in 1958 to pro (b) Syntt National Fitess Corps was established in 1968 with an object oF ct 10 make yoy Rural Sports tournament scheme was introduced by the Meee Win gece i rural youth and! spot natural talent in diferent sports, Tere Search Scher POP to inv 1 bromote sportspersons of state and National level, National Sports chan; “2S ‘aunched 1 1975 toenhance women participation, Plonship was started ry Aatan Games Were held in Indi in 1982. Sport Author of nd san tnder the Departinent of Sports to maintan proper itz sports ing **blished tn 1 bull for Aslan Games. SA has also achieved sports excel rastructy Ports exelent national ge Wueture which ©) mur Rational | tha1 CHANGING TRENDS & CAREERS WW Piya uith Games were conducted in New Delhi in 2010, CBSE launched Physical = a pee rere er tere Sor ed Po) PRR Tee te re ch eoeenenceaeneeaned ig URFACE srface means any outdoor area used or capable of any organised sport or recreation. Different ive been used for different purposes, some will allow ye played under conditions that would otherwise vier them unplayable and others will provide a higher level ‘omfort for the players. Traditionally, sports were played on n grass surfaces. Maintenance of grass turf surfaces involves different activities moving, irrigation and control of weeds, pests etc. After a year some sporting started using artificial pitches. Artificial turf has gained recognition from several ‘The areas in which improvement Is needed include player's comfort. spected sporting bodies. re potential impact on player health and the visual and physical similarities to natural pitches Outdoor Sports h) Athletic Jogging Track: (a) Clay & Cinder: It isa combination of fine ash, carbo \¢ comfortable to run and jog. With the advantages, the challenge \d rock. The composition results in. 4 softer surface, makni with clay and cinder track is to maintain an even surface during rain, wind ete. face comprises rubber particles bound with latex or (b) Synthetic: The synthetic surf ff the running tracks use synthetic rubber for polyurethane. In modern sports, most of optimal traction and ideal running performance. ) Turf nilar to the clay turfs. This is a soft (a) Grass and Clay: It is another natural running track sim surface which makes it easier to run because it puts less pressure on your foot. Its also Jow-impact, reducing the risk of injuries from overuse. Like clay and cinder surface, grass surface is also tough to maintain and requires high amount of care. (b) Synthetic Sports Flooring: Jc playing surface especially used as an alternative to () Polygrass: This is a syni grass with similar looks but ts a playing surface that is easy to maintain. Games like officially approved polygrass for competitions. Polygrass is also popular sports due tots durability and low maintenance. (i) Astroturf: This is another synthetic sports flooring especially popular for sports Nke hockey. Major advantage of polygrass is that the surface is even. with less friction, due towhich the balll moves faster on the astroturf and movements become swifter: (¢) MUGA (Multi Utility Games Area): Kindergarten playgrounds, recreational areas, fitness and outdoor gym floorings are common in modern urban systems and at places where football hat for multi-utility: Sho Vive! caiS19) A TextBOOK OF PHYS hatural grass or clay surfaces are not possible to maintain. Modern mult ty area are made of synthetic rubber, and thus have greater shock absorbency, yy, % them highly safe for wide range of activit B. Indoor Sports Courts: Indoor courts re very popular for sports like badminton, basketball, handbat, . Sports like badminton are also played on gyn can be played around the year without re mostly have a synthetic or wooden surf mats laid on wooden floors : fa) Wooden courts (b) Synthetic courts MUGA: Mult-utility games area are popular at indoor sports facil ee acti can be planned and organised, The rubberised surface are easy to maintain and playt are du equip and sate, 1.3.2 WEARABLE GEARS AND SPORTS EQUIPMENT Safety gear technology is evolving rapidly and companies are developing innovative ways to keep athletes playing at their best Technole has entirely revolutionized the way apparel and impact equipment are designed. From shoes and uniforms to any hi Joves, helmets and pads. Sporting equipment is now more Saf hi-tech and high functioning. There are many types of amy wearable technology in sports. Smart watches are popular pre with both professional athletes and amateur fitne: Pe enthusiasts and they are suitable for a wide range of activities that can make use of calog. 0! step distance, pulse etc. Other more specialized wearable technology examples including th like smart clothing. Advanced medical technology can take the form of every thing from sh M rings to sensor-field shirts and leggings. There are even head-mounted displays that canh Dull into helmets to keep racecar drives in rado contact with thelr pit crews, The benehtdp wearable technology in sports are numerous. pea * Sports equipment: Sports equipment also called sporting goods are the m depending on the sport 4 equipment ranges from balls, nets and protective gear lke helmets. Some which has ¢ tioned below. anged or improved in design have been met ~ Clothing: In swimming, earlier nylon and lycra we swim suits to be more fo of the equipay re used which and less water absorbent sports new clothing is being designed to wick sweat away = - other A by evaporation instead of absorbing, fe body » Shoes: Lighter and flater track shoes are designed to hay es balance of optimal grip and comfort. After ye ave the perfect oft athletes and sports scientists have worked to Snd expe weight shoes. nable m-fitting ars of testing find the a tence Perfect blend of tight (oN Tag-s-)With the ehange t )GICAL ADVANCEMENTS 5 have greatly affected sports s industry has expanded, dy has 1 integration of technology. 1 gymnastics for scoring of gymnasts a intity foul jumps 2024.10.03 06:24a tous sports like cricket, football, basket jechnology 1s used in various Dalle sed to take decisions /review. Videv ° jotlon are ecordings in slow n replays or ree fs cl lecisions during the ogy Is used in football by the re 3 cee h ed in stumps to decide on the status of the bat In cricket, LED lights are used 1 help oficial ake decisions in various sports, i mINELIe aed scm whi ets pies ead omens pal 8) technology is being us xercises as well as during "ment of players at the pites system is also now introd training and in competitive sport, By using tracking system devices, teams can track the move: collect lange amounts of data about their performance, The Ports stadium to manage spectators and crowds d © Protective equipment: Technologically advanced mat. selentific evidence, § Sporls equipment like bats, balls, evaluate metries such as swing Speed, power, directio te: Force platforms or force plates are Ground reaction forces generated by an athlete Or moving across them to improve technique E. Timing system: Gates, used to provide th and error, aser OF touch sensors, ¢ MOSI precise race time Uming systems also provide ineredibly exaci down to the thousandth of second, wh rounding errors,