34 SEQUENCES AND SERIES

03
SEQUENCES AND SERIES
42 SEQUENCES AND SERIES

EXERCISE – 1: Basic Subjective Questions

13. If the sum of n terms of an A.P. is  pn  qn 2  , where
Section–A (1 Mark Questions)
p and q are constants, find the common difference.
1. If the sum of n terms of an A.P. is given by
Sn  3n  2n2 , then find the common difference of the
Section–C (3 Marks Questions)
A.P. 14. If in an A.P., Sn  qn2 and Sm  qm2 , where S r
2. If the third term of G.P. is 4, then what is the product denotes the sum of r terms of the AP, then find S q .
of its first 5 terms.
15. A carpenter was hired to build 192 window frames.
3. The 17th term from the end of The first day he made five frames and each day,
A.P.  36, 31, 26,...., 79 is ________. thereafter he made two more frames than he made the
day before. How many days did it take him to finish
1 1 1
4. Sum of the series 3  1     ... n terms, is the job.
3 9 27
________. 16. In a potato race, 20 potatoes are placed in a line at
intervals of 4m with the first potato 24m from the
5. The first two terms of the sequence defined by a1  3
starting point. A contestant is required to bring the
and an  3an 1  2, for all n  1 ________. potatoes back to the starting place one at a time. How
far would be run in bringing back all the potatoes.
Section–B (2 Marks Questions) 17. The first term of an A.P. is a and the sum of the first p
6. If 9 times the 9th term of an A.P. is equal to 13 times terms is zero, show that the sum of its next q terms is
the 13th term, then prove that the 22 nd term of the q  p  q  q
.
A.P. is zero. p 1
a b 18. A side of an equilateral triangle is 20 cm long. A
7. If a , b and c are in G.P., then find the value of .
bc second equilateral triangle is inscribed in it by joining
8. The sum of terms equidistant from the beginning and the mid-points of the sides of the first triangle. This
end in an A.P. is equal to ________. process is continued for third, fourth, fifth, triangles.
Find the perimeter of the sixth inscribed equilateral
9. A man saved Rs. 66000 in 20 years. In each triangle.
succeeding year after the first year, he saved Rs. 200
more than what he saved in the previous year. How 19. In a cricket tournament 16 school teams participated. A
much did he save in the first year? sum of Rs. 8000 is to be awarded among themselves as
prize money. If the last placed team is awarded Rs. 275
10. The sum of interior angles of a triangle is 180 . Show in prize money and the award increases by the same
that the sum of the interior angles of polygons with 3, amount for successive finishing places, how much
4, 5, 6, ... sides form an arithmetic progression. Find amount will the first-place team receive
the sum of the interior angles for a 21-sided polygon.
20. The 4th term of a G.P. is square of its second term, and
th
11. Find the r term of an A.P., whose sum of first n the first term is –2. Determine 7th term.
2
terms is 2n  3n .
21. If A is the arithmetic mean and G1 , G2 be two
12. Show that the products of the corresponding terms of
the sequences a, ar , ar 2 ,....ar n 1 and geometric means between any two numbers, then
A, AR, AR 2 ,....AR n 1 form a G.P., and find the G12 G22
prove that 2 A   .
common ratio. G2 G1
SEQUENCES AND SERIES 43

22. If 1 , 2 ,3 ,.... n are in A.P., whose common difference 27. A man accepts a position with an initial salary of Rs.
is d , show that 5200 per month. It is understood that he will receive an
automatic increase of Rs. 320 in the next month and
sec 1 sec  2  sec  2 sec  3  ....  sec  n 1 sec  n
each month thereafter.
tan  n  tan 1 (i) Find his salary for the tenth month.
 .
sin d (ii) What is his total earnings during the first year.
23. If p th , qth and r th terms of an A.P. and G.P. are both 28. The ratio of the sums of m and n terms of an A.P. is
a, b and c, respectively, then show that m 2 : n 2 . Show that the ratio of m th and nth term is
a bc
b ca
.c a b
1.  2m  1 :  2n  1 .
24. If a1 , a2 , a3 ,....an are in A.P., where ai  0 for all i, 29. Find three numbers in G.P. whose sum is 13 and the
show that sum of whose squares is 91.
1 1 1 30. Prove that
  ...  2
a1  a2 a2  a3 an 1  an 1 22  2  32  ...  n   n  1 3n  5
2 2 2
 .
n 1 1  2  2  3  ...  n   n  1 3n  1
 .
a1  an
Section–D (5 Marks Questions)
25. Find the sum of the series
3 3
 2    5  4    7  6   .... to.
3 3 3 3 3

(i) n terms
(ii) 10 terms
26. If the p th and qth terms of a G.P. are q and p
th
respectively, then show that its  p  q  term is
1
 qp  p q
 q  .
p 
44 SEQUENCES AND SERIES

EXERCISE – 2: Basic Objective Questions

Section–A (Single Choice Questions)
8. If arithmetic means of a and b is
a n 1
 b n 1 
, then
th a n  bn
1. In an AP. the p th term is q and the  p  q  term is 0.
the value of n is equal to
Then the q th term is
(a) –1 (b) 0
(a) – p (b) p (c) 1 (d) 2
(c) p + q (d) p – q th th
9. In a G.P. if  m  n  term is p and  m  n  term is q,
2. If a, b, c, d , e, f , be in A.P., then e  c is equal to
then m th term is
(a) 2  c  a  (b) 2  d  c  p q
(a) (b)
(c) 2  f  d  (d)  d  c  q p

(c) pq (d) pq
3. The first and eighth terms of a G.P. are x 4 and x52
respectively. If the second term is x t , then t is equal to 10. Let Sn denote the sum of first n terms of an A.P. If
(a) –13 (b) –4 S3n
S2 n  3S n , then the ratio is equal to
Sn
5
(c) (d) 3
2 (a) 4 (b) 6
4. If p th term of an AP is q, and its qth term is p, then (c) 8 (d) 10
what is the common difference? 1 1 1
11. Which term of the following sequence , , ..... is
(a) –1 (b) 0 3 9 27
(c) 2 (d) 1 1
?
19683
5. There are four arithmetic means between 2 and 18.
(a) 3 (b) 9
The means are
(c) 6 (d) None of these
(a) 4, 7, 10, 13 (b) 1, 4, 7, 10
(c) 2, 5, 9, 13 (d) 2, 6, 10, 14 12. How many terms of G.P. 3,32 ,33 , .......... are needed to
give the sum 120.
1 1 1
6. What is the sum of the series 1     ..... (a) 3 (b) 4
2 4 8
(c) 5 (d) 6
1 3
(a) (b) 13. Consider an infinite geometric series with first term a
2 4
and common ratio r. If its sum is 4 and the second term
3 2
(c) (d) 3
2 3 is , then
4
1 1 1 4 3 3
7. , , are in A.P . then (a) a  , r  (b) a  2, r 
qr r p pq 7 7 8
(a) p, q, r and in A.P . 3 1 1
(c) a  , r  (d) a  3, r 
2 2 2
(b) p , q , r are in A.P 2 2 4
1 1
1 1 1 14. The value of 3  1    ...... is equal to
(c) , , are in A.P . 3 9
p q r
20 9
(d) p  q  r are in A.P . (a) (b)
9 20
9 4
(c) (d)
4 9
SEQUENCES AND SERIES 45

15. There are four numbers of which the first three are in Section -B (Case Study Questions)
G.P. and the last three are in A.P., whose common
Case Study–1
difference is 6. If the first and the last numbers are
equal then two other numbers are 21. A set of numbers formed and arranged according to
some definite law is called sequence. The different
(a) 2, 4 (b) –4 , 2
numbers in the sequence are called terms.
(c) 2, 6 (d) None of these
The first, second, third, ....., nth , terms are denoted by
16. The A.M. between two positive numbers a and b is T1 , T2,T3 ,....., Tn ,...... or by a1 , a2 , a3 ,....., an ,......
twice the G.M. between them. The ratio of the numbers
is respectively. The nth term, is called the general term.
If we know the general term of the sequence then, we
(a)  2 3 : 2 3   
(b) 2  3 : 2  3  can find the different terms of sequence by substituting
the value of ‘ n ’.
(c)  3  1 :  3 1  (d) None of these
Based on the above information, answer the following
questions:
1 1 1
17. If , , are the pth , qth , r th terms respectively of an (i) Which of the following NOT a sequence?
a b c
1 2 3
A.P. then what is the value of (a) 3,8,15,..... (b) , , ,......
2 3 4
ab  p  q   bc  q  r   ca  r  p  ?
(c) 2, 4,6,8,16..... (d) 7,11,13,14.....
(a) –1 (b) 2 (ii) The 28th term of the sequence defined by
(c) 0 (d) –2 an   n  1 2  n  3  n  is
18. Three numbers form an increasing G.P. If the middle (a) –7886 (b) –7866
number is doubled, then the new numbers are in A.P. (c) –6786 (d) None of these
The common ratio of the G.P. is (iii) The sum of first three terms of the sequence
n  n  1 2n  1
(a) 2  3 (b) 2  3 Tn  is.
6
(c) 32 (d) 3  2 (a) 16 (b) 18
(c) 20 (d) 22
19. Let a1 , a2 , a3 ....... be term of an A.P.
(iv) Find a sequence a1  3 and an  3an 1  2, for all
a1  a2  .....  a p p2 n  1 . Then the 4th term of the sequence is.
If  2
, p  q, then what is the
a1  a2  ...  aq q (a) 105 (b) 106
(c) 107 (d) 108
a6
value of ?
a21 Case Study–2

41 7 22. Shamshad Ali buys a scooter for ₹ 22,000. He pays ₹

(a) (b) 4,000 cash and agree to pay the balance in annual
11 2
instalments of ₹1000 plus 10% interest on the unpaid
2 11
(c) (d) amount.
7 41 On the basis of the above information, answer the
20. In a geometric progression consisting of positive terms, following questions:
each term equals the sum of the next two terms. Then (i) Interest paid by Ali on 1st instalment.
the common ratio of its progression equals (a) ₹ 1600 (b) ₹ 1700
1 (c) ₹ 1800 (d) None of these
(a) 5 (b)
2
 
5 1 (ii) Interest paid by Ali on 2nd instalment.
(a) ₹ 1600 (b) ₹ 1700
1 1
(c)
2

1 5  (d)
2
5 (c) ₹ 1800 (d) None of these
(iii) Interest paid by Ali on 3nd instalment.
(a) ₹ 1600 (b) ₹ 1700
(c) ₹ 1800 (d) None of these
46 SEQUENCES AND SERIES

(iv) Total interest paid by Ali is. (a) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is a
(a) ₹ 17100 (b) ₹ 22000 correct explanation for assertion.
(c) ₹ 39100 (d) None of these (b) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is not
Case Study–3 a correct explanation for assertion
(c) Assertion is correct, reason is incorrect
23. f  x  is a function satisfying :
(d) Assertion is incorrect, reason is correct.
f  x  y   f  x  . f  y  for all x, y  N , such that
26. Assertion: Value of a17 whose nth term is
n
f 1  3 and  f  x   120. an  4n  3, is 65.
x 1

Based on the information above, Answer the following Reason: Value of a9 whose nth term is
question: n 1
an   1 .n3 is 729.
(i) The value of 3 f  3  2 f 1 f  2  is
(a) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is a
(a) 27 (b) 39
correct explanation for assertion.
(c) 36 (d) None of these
(ii) The value of ‘n’ is (b) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is not
(a) 4 (b) 5 a correct explanation for assertion
(c) 6 (d) None of these (c) Assertion is correct, reason is incorrect
n
(d) Assertion is incorrect, reason is correct.
(iii) If n  6, then  f  x 
x 1 27. Assertion: If each term of a G.P. is multiplied or
(a) 1062 (b) 992 divided by some fixed non-zero number, the resulting
(c) 1092 (d) None of these sequence is also a G.P.
n
Reason: If 1  r  1, i.e. r  1, then the sum of the
(iv) The value of n for which  f  x   88572
x 1
is
a
(a) 9 (b) 10 infinite G.P., a  ar  ar 2  ..... 
1 r
(c) 11 (d) None of these
(a) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is a
Section–C (Assertion & Reason Type Questions) correct explanation for assertion.
(b) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is not
2 7 a correct explanation for assertion
24. Assertion: For x  1, the numbers , x, are in
7 2
(c) Assertion is correct, reason is incorrect
G.P.
(d) Assertion is incorrect, reason is correct.
Reason: Three numbers a, b, c are in G.P. if b 2  ac .
28. Assertion: If a, b, c are in A.P., then
(a) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is a b  c, c  a, a  b are in A.P.
correct explanation for assertion.
Reason: If a, b, c are in A.P., then 10 a , 10b , 10c are
(b) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is not
a correct explanation for assertion in G.P.

(c) Assertion is correct, reason is incorrect (a) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is a
correct explanation for assertion.
(d) Assertion is incorrect, reason is correct.
(b) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is not
25. Assertion: Sum to n terms of the geometric
a correct explanation for assertion
3 5 7
progression x , x , x ,....  x  1 is

x3 1  x 2 n . (c) Assertion is correct, reason is incorrect
1  x  2
(d) Assertion is incorrect, reason is correct.

Reason: If ‘ a ’ is the first term and r is common ratio

of a G.P. then sum to n terms is given as

Sn 

a r n 1  or  a  r n  1 If r  1 .
r 1 1 r
SEQUENCES AND SERIES 47

29. Assertion: If
2 5
, k , are in A.P, then the value of k is
30. Assertion: The arithmetic mean  A.M . between two
3 8 numbers is 34 and their geometric mean is 16.
31 The numbers are 4 and 64.
.
48 ab
Reason: For two numbers a and b, A.M. is A 
Reason: Three numbers a, b, c are in A.P. iff 2
2b  a  c . and G.M is G  ab .
(a) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is a
correct explanation for assertion. (a) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is a
(b) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
a correct explanation for assertion (b) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is not
(c) Assertion is correct, reason is incorrect a correct explanation for assertion
(d) Assertion is incorrect, reason is correct. (c) Assertion is correct, reason is incorrect
(d) Assertion is incorrect, reason is correct.
 Answer Key
CHAPTER 3 : SEQUENCES AND SERIES
EXERCISE-1: EXERCISE-2:

1. 4 2. 45 3. 1 1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (d)

n 6. (d) 7. (b) 8. (b) 9. (d) 10. (b)

9 1  a b
4. 1     5. 3, 11 7. or
2   3   b c 11. (b) 12. (b) 13. (d) 14. (c) 15. (b)

8. Constant 9. 1400 10. 3420 16. (b) 17. (c) 18. (b) 19. (d) 20. (b)

11. ar  6r  1 12. Common ratio = rR 21. (i) (d) (ii) (b) (iii) (c) (iv) (c)

22. (i) (c) (ii) (b) (iii) (a) (iv) (a)

13. 2q 14. Sq = q3 15. 12 days
23. (i) (a) (ii) (a) (iii) (c) (iv) (b)
15
16. 2480 m 18. cm 19. Rs. 725
8 24. (b) 25. (c) 26. (c) 27. (b) 28. (d)

20. –128 25. (i) 4n3  9n 2  6n (ii) 4960 29. (b) 30. (d)

27. (i) Rs. 8080 (ii) Rs. 83520

29. 1, 3, 9 or 9, 3, 1