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Calculus 1 Module 2 The Derivative

A textbook for calculus

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patriciajanevalera17
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24 views

Calculus 1 Module 2 The Derivative

A textbook for calculus

Uploaded by

patriciajanevalera17
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EM 111 – CALCULUS 1 (DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS)

MODULE - 2

MODULE TITLE: THE DERIVATIVE


Reference: Calculus 1: A simplified Textbook for Differential Calculus by HJR Terano

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
After finishing this module, you are expected to:
1. Define derivative.
2. Find the derivative of a given function.
3. Find the slope of a given curve using derivatives.
4. Solve practical problems involving rate of change using derivatives.

TOPICS:
1. The Derivative
2. Slope
3. Rate of Change

OVERVIEW/INTRODUCTION:

As a ball is dropped from the top of a building, its velocity increases as it reaches the
ground. As a cylindrical tank is filled with constantly flowing water, the height of the water
inside the tank changes. As the volume of the balloon increases, there is a corresponding
change it its radius. How fast certain parameters changes in each of the examples given can
be analyzed using the derivative.

The Derivative describe the rate of change of a certain thing. It also describes how
tangent lines to a graph behaves. This module deals with the introduction of the derivative,
the slope and the rate of change.

LESSON PROPER:

2.1 The Derivative

Instructor: Engr. Vincent E. Malapo


EM 111 – CALCULUS 1 (DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS)

To obtain the derivative of a function 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥), you can use the definition of the
derivative as stated above or you can follow the following steps:
1. From the original function, add Δy for every variable y and Δx for every variable
x.

2. Isolate/solve Δy for in the expression and substitute the value of y into the
equation, then simplify.

3. Divide both sides by Δx.

4. Evaluate the limit as Δx approaches zero.

Example 1. Find the derivative of the function 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 3𝑥.


Solution:
1.

2.

3.

4.

 Try to solve the same problem using the definition of the derivative.

Example 2. Differentiate the function 𝑦 = .


√
Solution:

Instructor: Engr. Vincent E. Malapo


EM 111 – CALCULUS 1 (DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS)

Example 3. Obtain the derivative of the function 𝑦 = √𝑥 + 5.


Solution:

Example 4. Differentiate the function 𝑦 = .


( )
Solution:

Instructor: Engr. Vincent E. Malapo


EM 111 – CALCULUS 1 (DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS)

Example 5. Find the derivative of the function 𝑦 = cos 𝑥.


Solution:

Example 6. Differentiate the function 𝑦 = 𝑒 .


Solution:
𝑦=𝑒

Instructor: Engr. Vincent E. Malapo


EM 111 – CALCULUS 1 (DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS)

Assessment Task 2.1

Differentiate the given functions.

2.2 Slope

The slope of the line tangent to the curve y=f(x) at point (x,y) is obtained by solving
for the first derivative of the function then substituting the value of the abscissa to the
differentiated function.

Example 1. Find the slope of the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 8 at point (1,9).

Solution:

Instructor: Engr. Vincent E. Malapo


EM 111 – CALCULUS 1 (DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS)

Example 2. Find the slope of the line 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 3.


Solution:

Example 3. Find the slope of the line tangent to the curve 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 6𝑥 − 1.


Solution:

Example 4. Find the slope of the curve 𝑦 = at the origin.


Solution:

Instructor: Engr. Vincent E. Malapo


EM 111 – CALCULUS 1 (DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS)

Example 5. Find the slope of the curve 𝑦 = √𝑥 + 2 at point (2,2).


Solution:

Assessment Task 2.2

Find the slope of the given curves at the points indicated.

2.3 Rate of Change

∆
The ratio is the average rate of change over the interval Δx. As Δx approaches zero,
∆
the ratio is defined as the instantaneous rate of change.

Instructor: Engr. Vincent E. Malapo


EM 111 – CALCULUS 1 (DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS)

Example 1. Find the rate of change of the circumference of a circle as its radius increases.
Solution:

Example 2. Find how fast the volume of a right circular cylinder is increasing as its radius
increases.
Solution:

Example 3. Find how fast the volume of a right circular cone is increasing having an altitude
of 2 ft. as the radius increases.
Solution:

Instructor: Engr. Vincent E. Malapo


EM 111 – CALCULUS 1 (DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS)

Example 4. Find the rate of change of the ordinate of the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 3 with
respect to the abscissa at point (-2,-3).
Solution:

Example 5. How fast is the area of a cube is increasing as its side increases?
Solution:

Example 6. The area of a circle initially zero increases uniformly at a rate of 5cm 2 per
second. Find the rate at which the radius is increasing at the end of 10 seconds.
Solution:

Instructor: Engr. Vincent E. Malapo


EM 111 – CALCULUS 1 (DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS)

Assessment Task 2.3

1. Find how fast the area of a triangle increases as the length of the base of the
triangle increases with a fixed height of 3 cm.
2. Find the rate of change of the total surface area of a right circular cylinder with a
fixed height of 20 cm with respect to the radius.
3. Find how fast the lateral surface area of a right circular cylinder increases as the
radius also increases when the altitude is 4 inches.

Instructor: Engr. Vincent E. Malapo

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