A.D.

PATEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(A Constituent College of CVM University) New
V. V. Nagar

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING

Seminar Report on

5G Wireless Network

Submitted By
KRUPALI PRAJAPATI
12202040601078

SEMINAR (202040404)
A.Y. 2023-24 EVEN TERM

CERTIFICATE

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 This is to certify that the seminar report submitted along with the
seminar entitled "5G WIRELESS NETWORK" has been carried
out by "PRAJAPATI KRUPALI KANJIBHAI" under my
guidance in partial fulfillment in Computer Engineering, 4th
Semester of A D Patel Institute of Technology Under Charutar
Vidya Mandal University, Vallabh Vidyanagar during the academic
year 2021-22.

Prof. Axit Kachhia Prof. Bhagirath Prajapati

Internal Guide Head of Department

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

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The task of completion of seminar requires co-operation and contribution of several
individuals.

I’m so grateful to Mr. Axit Kachhia for her kind help and guidance in the completion
of the seminar.

I would like to thank ADIT for providing wonderful library and rich computer
network without which the project wouldn’t have materialized.

Thanking you,
Yours sincerely, Krupali
Prajapati

Abstract

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The advent of 5G wireless networks promises a revolutionary leap in telecommunications,
heralding an era of unprecedented speed, connectivity, and innovation. This paper provides a
comprehensive overview of the key features, technological advancements, and potential
applications of 5G. With its ultra-fast data rates, low latency, and massive device
connectivity, 5G enables transformative use cases across various sectors, including IoT,
autonomous vehicles, telemedicine, and augmented reality. We explore the underlying
technologies driving 5G, such as mmWave, Massive MIMO, and Network Slicing, and their
implications for network architecture and performance. Moreover, we discuss the global
rollout of 5G and its socioeconomic impact, including economic growth, job creation, and
digital inclusion. By analyzing current trends and future prospects, this paper aims to provide
insights into the immense potential of 5G to reshape industries, enhance quality of life, and
propel society into the next phase of connectivity-driven innovation.

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 Table of Contents
Abstract........................................................................................................................3

1. Introduction…………………………………………………………………6

1.1 What is 5G?

2. What does it offer? …………………………………………………………7

3. Evolution of 5G Technology………………………………………………..8

3.1 1st Generation Technology

3.2 2nd Generation Technology

3.3 3rd Generation Technology

3.4 4th Generation Technology

3.5 5th Generation Technology

4. Comparison of 1G to 5G……………………………………………………
11

5. Hardware & Software of

5G……………………………………………….13

5.1 Hardware of 5G

5.2 Software of 5G

6. Features of 5G………………………………………………………………14

7. Advantages of
5G…………………………………………………………...15

8. Disadvantages of 5G………………………………………………………..16

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 9. Application of
5G…………………………………………………………...17

10. Conclusion…………………………………………………………………..18

11. References…………………………………………………………………..19
List of Figures

Figure No. Name Page No.

1. 1st Generation phone……................................. 8
2. 2nd Generation phone ……................................9
3. 3rd Generation phone…….................................9
4. 4th Generation phone……................................10
5. 5th Generation phone……................................10
6. Comparison of 1G to 5G……..........................12
7. Comparing 4G and 5G…….............................12

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 Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1 What is 5G?

The 5th generation of mobile network or more commonly known as 5G is the new global
standard. Just like its predecessors 1G, 2G, 3G, and 4G; 5G offers a completely different
spectrum of the network ensuring that it can connect to everyone and bring forth all the
devices, and machines together. The 5G technology is primarily meant for delivering
multiGbps data speed along with ultra-low latency, reliability, and massive network
capabilities are some of its hidden perks. Global operators started launching 5G in early
2019.

It is said that it is complete wireless communication with almost no limitations. That is why
it can be called as REAL wireless world. It provides incredible transmission speed.

It enables a new kind of network that is designed to connect virtually everyone and
everything together including machines, objects, and devices. With the use of 5G
technology, one can use almost everything wirelessly.

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 Chapter 2: What does it offers?

5G wireless technology offers worldwide cellular phones. It means one can connect with
other all around world with almost no limitation.

5G technology gives extraordinary data capabilities. It provides high connectivity. By use of

this, more power & features are available in handheld phones. It also provides large phone
memory, more dialing speed, more clarity in audio & video. It is more capable air interface.
5G will operate on 2 different frequencies

• Frequency Range 1 (FR1): 450 MHz to 7.125 GHz

• Frequency Range 2 (FR2): 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz

It provides superior reliability and ultra low latency. 4G offers low latency of 40 milli
seconds but 5G offers 10 milli seconds. It does not mean much to most people, but it
could be critical for the useful development of specialist applications such as virtual
reality and connected and self-driving vehicles, where even small delays can make a
big difference.

Chapter 3: Evolution of 5G
3.1 1st Generation Technology

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• It was introduced in 1980s and completed in early 1990s.

• It was based on analog system.

• Its speed was up to 2.4 kbps.

• AMPS (Advance Mobile Phone System) was launched by the US & it was the
1G mobile system.

• It allows user to make voice calls across country.

Fig. 1 1st Generation Phone

3.2 2nd Generation Technology

• It was developed in late 1980s and completed in late 1990s.

• It was based on digital system.

• Its speed was up to 64 kbps.

• It provided facility for digital voice and SMS with more clarity.

• It was semi global facility. Means it allowed user to interact with other user of
different country in limited way.

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 Fig. 2 2nd Generation phone

3.3 3rd Generation technology

• It was developed in late 1990s and early 2000s until present day.

• Its transmission speed is 125 kbps to 2 Mbps.

• It’s superior in voice quality.

• Good clarity in video conference is provided by this technology.

• Email, PDA, information surfing, online shopping / banking became possible

by this.

• It allows user to connect globally with other user.

Fig. 3 3rd Generation phone

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3.4 4th Generation Technology

• It was developed in 2010.

• It is faster and more reliable than old generation.

• Its speed is up to 100 Mbps.

• It provides High performance and roaming.

• It’s cheaper than old generation.

Fig. 4 4th Generation phone

3.5 5th Generation Technology

• Next phase of mobile telecommunication and wireless system is 5th

Generation technology.
• It will have 10 times more capacity than old other generation.

• It’s expected speed is up to 20 Gbps.

• It will be cheaper than old generation.

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 Fig 5 5th Generation phone

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 Chapter 4: Comparison of 1G to 5G

Technology 1G 2G/2.5G 3G 4G 5G

2019

Deployment 1970/1984 1980/1999 1990/2002 2000/2010

Bandwidth 2 Kbps 14-64 Kbps 2 Mbps 200 Mbps 20 Gbps

Technology Analog Digital Broad bandwidth / Unified IP & seamless 4G+WWWW

cellular cellular CDMA / IP technology combo of
LAN/WAN/WLAN/PAN

Service Mobile Digital voice, Integrated high quality Dynamic information Dynamic
telephony short audio, video & data access, variable devices information
messaging access,
variable
devices with
AI capabilities

Multiplexing FDMA TDMA (Time CDMA (Code CDMA (Code Division CDMA (Code
(Frequency Division Division Multiple Multiple Access) Division
division Multiple Access) Multiple
multiple Access)/CDMA Access)
access) (Code Division
Multiple
Access)

Switching Circuit Circuit/circuit Packet except for air All packet All packet
for access interface
network & air
interface

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Core network PSTN PSTN (Public Packet network Internet Internet
(Public Switched
Switched Telephone
Telephone Network)
Network)

Handoff Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal &Vertical Horizontal

&Vertical
Fig. 6 Comparison of 1G to 5G
As shown in above picture, we can see comparison of 1G to 5G.

1G was able to give speed of 2 kbps while 5G is offering 20 Gbps which is vast
difference.

1G is based on analog signal while 5G is based on 4G + WWWW (World Wide

Wireless Web).
1G was only able to provide mobile telephony while 5G is able to provide Dynamic
information access, variable devices with AI capabilities.
In-short the picture given above shows how the technology is improved through
1st Generation to 5th Generation and how great difference is between 1G and 5G.

If we want to compare 4G and 5G’s speed, according to a report by GSMA,

the worldwide median download speed over 5G was 954% faster than that
over 4G during Q3 2020. For better understanding, with a 5G network, you
would be able to download a 2-hour movie within 10 seconds as compared to
7 minutes for 4G. That being said, there are several determining factors such
as location and network traffic that can determine the download speed.

Fig. 7 Comparing 4G and 5G

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 Chapter 5: Hardware and Software of 5G
5.1 Hardware of 5G

• Uses UWB (Ultra Wide Band) networks with higher BW at low energy levels

• BW is of 500MHz to 1-2 GHz, which is almost 5 times then 4G

• Uses smart antenna

• Uses CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access)

• To enable low latency for 5G, it is necessary to bring the compute out of the core
network or the internet and bring it to the edge. Edge computing places resources
closer to end users, usually at the edge of existing core network coverage. With
mobile edge computing, the network sees reduced latency and increased
coverage. As a result, the network is able to meet International
Telecommunication Union latency targets.

• Small cells: They are low power base stations used in LTE advanced versions
and 5G technology to power devices in a smaller geographical area like few
hundred meters up to 2 KM radius. Smalls cells will be using millimeter waves
to transmit and receive data. Millimeter waves are not suitable for long distance
communication due to higher distortion from atmosphere and obstacles.

5.2 Software of 5G

• 5G will be single unified standard of different wireless networks, including LAN

technologies, LAN/WAN, WWWW- World Wide Wireless Web, unified IP &
seamless combination of broadband

• Software defined radio, encryption, flexibility, Anti-Virus

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 Chapter 6: Features of 5G
• It provides high resolution for crazy cell phone users.

• It has Bi-directional large Band Width.

• It has Less traffic.

• More MIMO, more speed

5G is designed to support data speeds in the 10 Gbps to a 20 Gbps range. The fastest
data speed recorded to date in 5G trials is 36Gbps (Etisalat UAE). The fastest 5G
speeds are only possible in close proximity to a millimetre band 5G base station. In
early commercial deployments, users are only experiencing download rates three
times faster than 4GLTE networks in the same geography. These early
implementations of 5G are using sub-6 bandwidth (1-6Ghz) which will not be able to
support the fastest 5G data rates.

• Power efficiency

5G features a low power mode from which a device can wake up extremely quickly.
By combining low power mode with the shorter range to transmitter and
beamforming focus features, 5G devices will require less energy and have a much
longer battery life.

• High-density support

High densities of devices create congestion and non-responsiveness problems in

existing mobile networks. 5G networks will feature many more antennae in a given
area than previous generations. As a result, 5G networks should be able to support
one million connected devices per square kilometre.

• It provides high quality service based on policy to avoid error.

• It also supports virtual private networks.

• It is more attractive & effective.

• It provides subscriber supervision tools for fast action.

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 Chapter 7: Advantages of 5G
The broadband connections could travel up to 20 Gbps. Due to its high speed and reliability,
5G can be used for a broad spectrum. For starters, it can be used for enhanced mobile
broadband, missioncritical communication as well as a massive implementation in IoT. And
the best part, 5G offers the flexibility for forwarding compatibility, which means it can
support devices in the distant future that is completely unknown today. It enables new
opportunities for both Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality. With its faster, uniform data
rates, users can expect a lower latency along with reduced costper-bit. It can be accessed

Globally. It provides dynamic information. It is available at low cost. You’ll be able to easily
transfer data between devices in a matter of seconds. Put simply, 5G will allow your peers to

download just as fast as you can upload in real time. Based on cloud technology, you can

forego space-chomping downloads and stream on demand. If you commute to work every
day, then you’ll appreciate just how life-changing 5G technology will be.

This especially holds true if you live in larger cities like Los Angeles where 5G technology is
expected to reduce traffic congestion by at least 40%. You can also look forward to smart
parking, which will completely vaporize the age-old hassle of looking for a parking space
and automate parking once and for all. From die-hard wannabes to world class gamers, 5G
technology is set to turn the gaming industry on its head. Low latency, to finally banish the
dreaded “lag”, is just one perk gamer have long since awaited. With 5G, a whole new world

of gaming is on the horizon with innumerable benefits. With cloud gaming servers, anyone
can access and participate in game play whether they have a pricey gaming computer or even
a simple tablet.

Prior to advances in 5G technology, remote surgeries were risky business and an impossible
undertaking due to the obvious dangers. However, it’s a whole other ballgame with 5G tech
reducing latency to two milliseconds. Soon, surgeons will be able to perform robotic
surgeries from thousands of miles away as if they’re standing right in the operating room
with the patient.

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 Chapter 8: Disadvantages of 5G
Although the 5G technology comes with various bells and whistles, there are some severe
setbacks we might face while implementing 5G. For starters, based on the survey conducted
by GSMA, even by 2025 only 50% of all mobile communication will be using 5G. As for the
remaining half, they might be still stuck at the older generation. There are some other
concerns regarding the security of 5G as well.
Obstructions can impact connectivity. The range of 5G connectivity is not great as the
frequency waves are only able to travel a short distance. Added to this setback is the fact that
5G frequency is interrupted by physical obstructions such as trees, towers, walls and
buildings. The obtrusions will either block, disrupt or absorb the high-frequency signals. To
counter this setback, the telecom industry is extending existing cell towers to increase the
broadcast distance.
Limitations of rural access. While 5G might bring about real connectivity for the
predominantly urban areas, those living in the rural settings will not necessarily benefit from
the connection. As it stands, many remote areas countrywide are not able to access any form
of cellular connectivity. The 5G carriers are going to target big cities with larger populations,
eventually working their way into the outer areas, but it’s not likely this will be happening
any time soon. As a result, only some of the population will benefit from 5G communication.
Device battery drains faster. When it comes to cellular devices connected to 5G, it seems the
batteries are not able to operate for a significant period of time. The battery technology needs
to advance to allow for this enhanced connectivity, where a single charge will power a
cellphone for a full day. Alongside depleted batteries, users are reporting that cellphones are
getting increasingly hot when operating on 5G.
Upload speeds don’t match download speeds. The download speeds of 5G technology are
incredibly high, in some cases up to 1.9Gbps. However, the upload speeds are rarely more
than 100Mbps, which is not quite as incredible as initially touted. In relation to existing
mobile connectivity, however, the upload speeds are higher than being seen with 4G LTE.

Chapter 9: Application of 5G
• Doorbell cameras

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 As with other IoT technologies, 5G does more than just improve the quality of the
product. It changes the entire experience. With low latency and faster speeds, 5G-backed
doorbell cameras will be able to record crystal clear video and transmit it in
milliseconds.

• Alarm systems
Whether private or public, 5G will revolutionize alarm systems so that all the processes
happen quickly and without delay. In the blink of an eye, a 5G-supported alarm system
will alert authorities in real-time to protect property and safeguard lives. The stability
and speed in which 5G alarm systems are operated will change the face of the security
industry.

• AI diagnostics
No longer a far-fetched fiction portrayed in a sci-fi Hollywood flick, artificial
intelligence (AI) is now a fact with 5G. In the healthcare field, AI has big potential to
diagnose and heal human beings. Powered by the low latency of 5G technology, AI
diagnostics can detect diseases in human beings and provide real-time analytics which
are vital when treating illnesses. With just a smartphone app, healthcare is more easily
accessible.

• Cloud gaming technology

Gamers can finally unshackle the chains of gaming consoles with 5G fuelled cloud
gaming technology. With cloud gaming servers, anyone can access and participate in
game play whether they have a pricey gaming computer or even a simple tablet.
Subscriptions for cloud gaming servers will require a monthly subscription and make
gaming more accessible than ever before. Google, for example, took a giant leap into
cloud gaming with the launch of subscription-based Stadia which requires a special
controller to play.

• Safer commutes
If you commute to work every day, then you’ll appreciate just how life-changing 5G
technology will be. This especially holds true if you live in larger cities like Los Angeles
where 5G technology is expected to reduce traffic congestion by at least 40%. You can
also look forward to smart parking, which will completely vaporize the age-old hassle of
looking for a parking space and automate parking once and for all.

• Vehicle-to-vehicle communications (V2V)

5G communication makes it possible for cars linked to smart traffic management
systems to exchange information such as location, speed and destination. Through omni-
directional messaging, cars can alert drivers about a variety of road conditions and
potential hazards ahead of time.

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 Future of 5G

In the coming years, 5G wireless networks will redefine connectivity, empowering industries
and individuals alike with unprecedented speed, reliability, and innovation. With its ability to
support massive device connectivity and ultra-low latency, 5G will drive the proliferation of
IoT applications, enabling smart cities, efficient manufacturing, and personalized experiences.
Real-time applications like autonomous vehicles, remote healthcare, and augmented reality
will become mainstream, revolutionizing how we live, work, and interact. Moreover, 5G's
impact will extend globally, stimulating economic growth, job creation, and technological
advancement. As businesses harness the potential of 5G to unlock new opportunities and
drive digital transformation, society will experience profound changes in how we
communicate, collaborate, and experience the world around us, ushering in an era of
unparalleled connectivity and innovation.
In summary, the future of 5G wireless networks holds immense potential to transform
industries, improve quality of life, and drive innovation across various sectors through its
high-speed connectivity, low latency, and capacity to support a massive number of connected
devices.

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 Conclusion
3G is Operator Centric means it was designed for operator use. 4G is Service Centric means
it was designed for service purpose. Whereas 5G is User Centric means it is designed for
regular user.

5G technology is available in the market at affordable rates, high peak future & much
reliability than preceding technologies.

5 G Wireless Technology is smarter, interconnecting the entire world without limits. Itis
designed to provide exceptional and unparalleled data capacities, unhindered volumes of
calls and massive transmission of data.

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 References

1. Gohil, H. Modi and S. K. Patel, "5G technology of mobile communication: A

survey," 2013 International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Signal Processing
(ISSP),
2013, pp. 288- 292, DOI: 10.1109/ISSP.2013.6526920
2. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/what-is-5g-wireless-technology-and-how-it-works/
3. Pujari, Vinayak & Patil, Rajendra & Tambe, Mr & Prof, Asst. (2021). Research
Paper on Future of 5G Wireless System. 2021

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