KK DEGREE COLLEGE

CA- C14L: COMPUTER NETWORK LAB

LAB MANUAL

KK ARCHADE, CHANNASANDRA, RR NAGAR,

BANGALORE
 CA- C14L: COMPUTER NETWORK LAB
PART – A

1. Execute the following commands:

Amp, ipconfig, hostname, netdiag, nerstat, nslookup, pathping, ping
route, tracet
2. Study of different types network of cables.
3. Practically implement the cross-wire cable and straight wired cable using
crimping tool.
4. Study of network IP address configuration (Classification of address, static
and dynamic address)
5. Study of network devices (switch, Router, Bridge)
6. Share the folder in a system and access the files of that folder from other
system using IP address.

PART - B

1. Configure and connect the computer in LAN.

2. Block the website using “Windows Defender Firewall” in Windows 10.
3. Configuration the wifi hotspot, and connect other devices (mobile/laptop).
4. Configuration of switches.
5. Configuration of VLAN using Packet Tracer/GNS3.
6. Configuration of VPN using Packet Tracer/GNS3.

Reference:
Youtube.com/watch?v=rurs7cdT5cc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_IOZ8_cPgu8
http://www.alphr.com/block-websites-windows/

Youtube.com/watch?v=rurs7cdT5cc -

https://youtu.be/kCf5sFnTB6U - Configuration of VLAN using Packet Tracer/GNS3

https://youtu.be/ya9R7yn23F0 - Basic Switch Configuration | Switch Basic Configuration | Cisco
Switch Assign IP Address
 Experiment – 1: Execute the commands - netstat, nslookup, pathping,
ping route, tracet,

Definitions & meanings of terms

ARP
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) The Address Resolution Protocol is a layer 2
protocol used to map MAC addresses to IP addresses. All hosts on a network are
located by their IP address, but NICs do not have IP addresses, they have MAC
addresses. ARP is the protocol used to associate the IP address to a MAC address.

Ipconfig
Displays all current TCP/IP network configuration values and refreshes Dynamic
Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) and Domain Name System (DNS) settings.
Used without parameters, ipconfig displays Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) and
IPv6 addresses, subnet mask, and default gateway for all adapters.

hostname
A host name is a unique name or label assigned to any device that is connected to a
specific computer network. It facilitates the differentiation of different machines or
devices connected to the Internet, a network and/or both.

Netdiag
The Netdiag command-line diagnostic tool helps to isolate networking and
connectivity problems by performing a series of tests to determine the state of your
network client.

Netstat
Displays active TCP connections, ports on which the computer is listening,
Ethernet statistics, the IP routing table, IPv4 statistics (for the IP, ICMP, TCP, and
UDP protocols), and IPv6 statistics (for the IPv6, ICMPv6, TCP over IPv6, and
UDP over IPv6 protocols). Used without parameters, this command displays active
TCP connections.

Nslookup
nslookup is the name of a program that lets an Internet server administrator or any
computer user enter a host name and find out the corresponding IP address or
domain name system (DNS) record.
Pathping
This command sends multiple echo Request messages to each router between a
source and destination, over a period of time, and then computes results based on
the packets returned from each router

Ping route
Ping is a simple command that can test the reachability of a device on the network.
Traceroute is a command you use to 'trace' the route that a packet takes when
traveling to its destination. It's useful for tracing network problems, discovering
where connections fail, and tracking down latency problems.

Tracert
a command-line utility that you can use to trace the path that an Internet Protocol
(IP) packet takes to its destination
 Experiment – 2: Study of different types of network cables.
Network cables

In a computer network, to connect two or more computers or networking devices

network cables are used. These cables are responsible for data transfer and also
the propagation of signals for telecommunication.

1. Coaxial Cables: These cables contain a conductor, insulator, braiding, and

sheath. The sheath covers the braiding, the braiding covers the insulation, and
the insulation covers the conductor.

 Sheath - The outer layer of the coaxial cable which protects the cable from
physical damage.
 Braided shield - This shield protects signals from external interference and
noise. This shield is built from the same metal that is used to build the core.
 Insulation - Insulation protects the core. It also keeps the core separate
from the braided shield. Since both the core and the braided shield use the
same metal, without this layer, they will touch each other and create a
short-circuit in the wire.
 Conductor - The conductor carries electromagnetic signals.
Coaxial cables have two types of transmission-
Baseband Transmission – It is the process of transmitting a single signal at high
speed.
Broadband Transmission – It is the process of transmitting a multiple signals
simultaneously.

Specifications of coaxial cables

Typ Ohms AWG Conductor Description
e
RG-6 75 18 Solid copper Used in cable network to provide cable Internet service
and cable TV over long distances.
RG-8 50 10 Solid copper Used in the earliest computer networks. This cable was
used as the backbone cable in the bus topology. In
Ethernet standards, this cable is documented as the
10base5 Thicknet cable.
RG- 50 24 Several thin This cable is thinner, easier to handle and install than the
58 strands of RG-8 cable. This cable was used to connect a system with
copper the backbone cable. In Ethernet standards, this cable is
documented as the 10base2 Thinnet cable.
RG- 75 20 - Solid copper Used in cable networks to provide short-distance service.
59 22
RG - Radio Guide to measure the materials used in shielding and conducting cores.
Ohm - Impedance is the resistance that controls the signals. It is expressed in the ohms.
AWG - AWG stands for American Wire Gauge. It is used to measure the size of the core.

2. Twisted Pair Cables: The twisted-pair cable was primarily developed for
computer networks. This cable is also known as Ethernet cable. Almost all
modern LAN computer networks use this cable. This cable consists of color-
coded pairs of insulated copper wires. Every two wires are twisted around
each other to form pair. Usually, there are four pairs. Each pair has one solid
color and one stripped color wire. Solid colors are blue, brown, green, and
orange. In stripped color, the solid color is mixed with the white color.

STP (Shielded twisted-pair) cable - each pair is wrapped with an additional

metal shield, and all pairs are wrapped in a single outer plastic sheath.
 UTP (Unshielded twisted-pair) cable - all pairs are wrapped in a single
plastic sheath.
Categories of twisted-pair cable.

Catego Maximu Bandwidth/ Ethernet Description

ry/ m support standard
name support signals
of speed rate
cable
Cat 1 1Mbps 1MHz Not used for This cable contains only two
data pairs (4 wires). This cable was
used in the telephone
network for voice
transmission.
Cat 2 4Mbps 10MHz Token Ring This cable and all further
cables have a minimum of 8
wires (4 pairs). This cable was
used in the token-ring
network.
Cat 3 10Mbps 16MHz 10BASE-T This is the first Ethernet cable
Ethernet that was used in LAN
networks.
Cat 4 20Mbps 20MHz Token Ring This cable was used in
advanced Token-ring
networks.
Cat 5 100Mbp 100MHz 100BASE-T This cable was used in
s Ethernet advanced (fast) LAN
networks.
Cat 5e 1000Mb 100MHz 1000BASE-T This cable/category is the
ps Ethernet minimum requirement for all
modern LAN networks.
Cat 6 10Gbps 250MHz 10GBASE-T This cable uses a plastic core
Ethernet to prevent cross-talk between
twisted-pair. It also uses a
fire-resistant plastic sheath.
Cat 6a 10Gbps 500MHz 10GBASE-T This cable reduces
Ethernet attenuation and cross-talk.
This cable also potentially
removes the length limit. This
is the recommended cable for
all modern Ethernet LAN
networks.
Cat 7 10Gbps 600MHz Not drafted yet This cable sets a base for
further development. This
cable uses multiple twisted-
 pair and shields each pair by
its plastic sheath.
Cat 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 are outdated and not used in any
modern LAN network.
Cat 7 is still a new technology and not commonly
used.
Cat 5e, 6, 6a are the commonly used twisted-pair
cables.

3. Fiber Optics Cables: This cable consists of a core, cladding, buffer, and jacket.
The core is made from thin strands of glass or plastic that can carry data over a
long distance.
The core is wrapped in the cladding; the cladding is wrapped in the buffer, and
the buffer is wrapped in the jacket. Core carries the data signals in the form of
light.
 Cladding reflects light back to the core.
 Buffer protects the light from leaking.
 The jacket protects the cable from physical damage.
Fiber optic cable is completely immune to EMI and RFI. This cable can transmit
data over a long distance at the highest speed. It can transmit data up to 40
kilometers at the speed of 100Gbps. Fiber optic uses light to send data. It reflects
light from one endpoint to another.
Step Index Fiber – consists of a core surrounded by the cladding which has
a single uniform index of refraction.
Graded Index Fiber - The refractive index of the optical fiber decreases as
the radial distance from the fiber axis increases.
Plastic Optical Fibers – Polyymethylmethacrylate is used as a core material
for the transmission of light.
Glass fibers – consists of fine glass fibers.
Single mode fiber – used for long-distance transmission of signals.
Multimode – use for short distance transmission of signals.
----------------------------
 Experiment – 3: Practically implement the cross-wired cable and
straight wired cable using crimp tool.
Components: RJ-45 connector, Climping Tool, Twisted pair Cable

Procedure:

Step – 1: Start by stripping off about 2 inches of the plastic jacket off the end of
the cable. Be very careful at this point, as to not nick or cut into the wires, which
are inside. Doing so could alter the characteristics of your cable, or even worse
render is useless. Check the wires, one more time for nicks or cuts. If there are
any, just whack the whole end off, and start over.

Step – 2: Spread the wires apart, Category 5 cable must only have 1/2 of an inch
of 'untwisted' wire at the end; otherwise it will be 'out of spec'. At this point, you
obviously have ALOT more than 1/2 of an inch of un-twisted wire.

Step – 3: You have 2 end jacks, which must be installed on your cable. If you are
using a pre-made cable, with one of the ends whacked off, you only have one end
to install - the crossed over end.

Below are two diagrams, which show how you need to arrange the cables for
each type of cable end. Decide at this point which end you are making and
examine the associated picture below.

Diagram shows you how to prepare Cross wired connection

Diagram shows you how to prepare straight through wired connection

Yo
u Tube reference for Practical Session I Cross wired cable and straight through cable using
clamping tool: https://youtu.be/E5i8kRJXLTw
 Experiment – 4: Study of network IP address configuration
(Classification of address, static and dynamic address)
An IP address is a numerical label assigned to the devices connected to a
computer network that uses the IP for communication. IP address act as an
identifier for a specific machine on a particular network. It also helps you to
develop a virtual connection between a destination and a source.
IP address Full Form: Internet Protocol address
Classification of IP Address

TCP/IP defines five classes of IP addresses: Class A, B, C, D and E. Each class has a
range of valid IP addresses.

Static IP address - it is also known as fixed or dedicated IP addresses which donot

change. Once a device has been assigned a static IP address that number remains
with the device as its internet identifier until the device is decommissioned or the
network architecture is modified.

You can assign these static IP addresses on the device itself—using

 Windows' network settings on each computer
 or you can do it at the router level. If you do it through the router, it will
likely be called a DHCP reservation.
 DHCP reservations allow you to easily set everything up in one place with
all your computers left at their default settings.
 Your computer will ask for an IP address via DHCP, and your router will
assign it the one you reserved, with your computer being none the wiser.

You tube link: https://youtu.be/SOGaaGBwzxk

How to set up a static IP address
You will need to contact your Internet Services Provider (ISP) for a static IP
address. Once you receive this, setup is straightforward.
For Windows
 Open the settings app on your computer
 Choose Network and Internet option from the list on the left
 Select the connection you are using
 Find the IP assignment manage known networks > properties > IP settings

 Select edit under IP assignments

 Select Manual from the options
 Select IPv4 and toggle to on
It’s a simple process to switch to a static address, and for businesses and
individuals with more complicated internet needs, it’s a great decision.
  Enter the static IP address
 Enter 24 in the Subnet prefix length field
 Find your gateway and DNS by typing ipconfig/all into the command
window
 Add the gateway information in the field
 Add the preferred DNS address and, if available, the alternate DNS address
 Remember to click save when you’re finished
Dynamic IP address – it is an ever changing dynamic IP address, which isnot
permanently tied to a device. Dynamic IP address are used for a specific amount
of time and then returned to an address pool so that other devices can use them.
Dynamic IP addresses are the most common type of IP address; they are the
default IP address type provided by internet service providers (ISPs). In addition,
dynamic IP addresses are ideal for everyday internet users because they are easy
to manage and don't require users to go through any additional setup or network
configuration. An organization or home network should nearly always use a
dynamic IP address.
 Experiment – 5: Study of network devices (switch, Router, Hub,
Bridge)
Network Devices: Physical devices that allow hardware on a computer network
to communicate and interact with one another.

Hub: An Ethernet hub, active hub, network hub, repeater hub, hub or concentrator
is a device for connecting multiple twisted pair or fiber optic Ethernet devices
together and making them act as a single network segment. Hubs work at the
physical layer (layer 1) of the OSI model. The device is a form of multiport
repeater. Repeater hubs also participate in collision detection, forwarding a jam
signal to all ports if it detects a collision.

Switch: A network switch or switching hub is a computer networking device that

connects network segments. The term commonly refers to a network bridge that
processes and routes data at the data link layer (layer 2) of the OSI model.
Switches that additionally process data at the network layer (layer 3 and above) are
often referred to as Layer 3 switches or multilayer switches.

Bridge: A network bridge connects multiple network segments at the data link
layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model. In Ethernet networks, the term bridge formally
means a device that behaves according to the IEEE 802.1D standard. A bridge and
switch are very much alike; a switch being a bridge with numerous ports. Switch or
Layer 2 switch is often used interchangeably with bridge.Bridges can analyze
incoming data packets to determine if the bridge is able to send the given packet to
another segment of the network.

Router: A router is an electronic device that interconnects two or more computer

networks, and selectively interchanges packets of data between them. Each data
packet contains address information that a router can use to determine if the source
and destination are on the same network, or if the data packet must be transferred
from one network to another. Where multiple routers are used in a large collection
of interconnected networks, the routers exchange information about target system
addresses, so that each router can build up a table showing the preferred paths
between any two systems on the interconnected networks.

Gate Way: In a communications network, a network node equipped for

interfacing with another network that uses different protocols.
 A gateway may contain devices such as protocol translators, impedance
matching devices, rate converters, fault isolators, or signal translators as
necessary to provide system interoperability. It also requires the
establishment of mutually acceptable administrative procedures between
both networks.
 A protocol translation/mapping gateway interconnects networks with
different network protocol technologies by performing the required protocol
conversions.
 Experiment – 6: Share the folder in a system and access the files of
that folder from other system using IP address.

Windows 10

 Set Up File Sharing on a Windows PC

 Share File or Folder using "Give access to" Context Menu
 Stop Sharing File or Folder using "Give access to" Context Menu
 Share File or Folder using Share tab in File Explorer
 Stop Sharing File or Folder using Share tab in File Explorer
 Share Folder using Sharing Properties
 Share Folder or Drive using Advanced Sharing
 Stop Sharing Folder or Drive using Advanced Sharing
 Share Folder or Drive using Shared Folder Wizard
 Stop Sharing Folder or Drive using Shared Folders MMC Snap-in
 PART – B
Practical – 1: Configure and connect the computer in LAN.
There are two ways to configure and connect the computers in LAN depending on
Operating SYSTEM, they are

1. Using wired connection

2. Using wireless connection

Procedure: On the host computer

Step -1: Log on to the host computer as Administrator or as Owner.

Step -2: Click Start, and then click Control Panel.

Step -3: Click Network and Internet Connections.

Step -4: Click Network Connections.

Step -5: Right-click the connection that you use to connect to the Internet.

Step -6: Click Properties.

Step -7: Click the Advanced tab.

Step -8: Under Internet Connection Sharing, select the Allow other network
users to connect through this computer's Internet connection check
box.

Step -9: If you are sharing a dial-up Internet connection, select the Establish
a dial-up connection whenever a computer on my network attempts
to access the Internet check box if you want to permit your computer
to automatically connect to the Internet

Step -10: Click OK. You receive the following message:

When Internet Connection Sharing is enabled, your LAN adapter will
be set to use IP address 192.168.0.1. Your computer may lose
connectivity with other computers on your network. If these other
computers have static IP addresses, it is a good idea to set them to
obtain their IP addresses automatically. Are you sure you want to
enable Internet Connection Sharing?

Step -10: Click Yes.

The connection to the Internet is shared to other computers on the local area
network (LAN).

The network adapter that is connected to the LAN is configured with a static
IP address of 192.168.0.1 and a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0

On the client computer

To connect to the Internet by using the shared connection, you must confirm
the LAN adapter IP configuration, and then configure the client computer.

Step – 1: Log on to the client computer as Administrator or as Owner.

Step – 2: Click Start, and then click Control Panel.

Step – 3: Click Network and Internet Connections.

Step – 4: Click Network Connections.

 Step – 5 Right-click Local Area Connection and then click Properties.

Step – 6: Click the General tab, click Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) in the
connection uses the following items list, and then click Properties.

Step – 7: In the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties dialog box, click

Obtain an IP address automatically (if it is not already selected), and
then click OK. Note: You can also assign a unique static IP address
in the range of 192.168.0.2 to 192.168.0.254. you can assign the
following static IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway:

 IP Address: 192.168.31.202 9.
 Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0 10.
 Default gateway: 192.168.31.1 11.
In the Local Area Connection Properties dialog box and click
OK.

Step – 8: Quit Control Panel.

Practical – 2: Block the website using “windows Defender Firewall” in

Windows 10.
Windows Defender Firewall: helps and protects from unauthorized access.

Blocking the Websites on a Windows 10 PC with the Hosts File

Method – 1:
Step-1: Click on the Start menu and select “Windows Accessories.”

Step-2: Right-click on Notepad, select “More” followed by “Run as

administrator.”

Step-3: When the Notepad opens, select “File” from the toolbar and “Open”
from the drop-down menu.

Step-4: Go the “C:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc” location.

Step-5: Make sure to select the “All files” option for the files to appear. Then
open the “host” file.
 Step-6: Scroll to the bottom of the page and click on the last line. Make sure to
create space.
Step-7: Enter the URL you want to block.

Step-8: Go to File and select “Save.”

Method – 2:

1. Launch the Control Panel on your computer.

2. Select “Windows Defender Firewall” followed by “Advanced Settings” on

the left-side pane.

3. Right-click on “Outbound Rules” from the menu on the left and select “New
Rule.”

4. When a new window pops up, select the “Custom” option followed by
“Next.”

5. On the next window, select “All programs” and again select “Next.”

6. Select ” These IP addresses ” option under “Which remote IP addresses does

this rule apply to?”

7. Click on “Add” and enter the IP addresses you want to block. Then select
“Next.”

8. Make sure to choose the “Block the connection” option and click on “Next.”

9. Choose whether the rule applies to Domain, Private, or Public. You can also
select all three.

10.Select “Next,” add a name or description for this rule, and select “Finish” to
complete the action.

The process is straightforward, and the steps are as follows:

1. Click on the Start menu and select “Windows Accessories.”

2. Right-click on Notepad, select “More” followed by “Run as

administrator.”

3. When the Notepad opens, select “File” from the toolbar and
“Open” from the drop-down menu.
4. Go the “C:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc” location.

5. Make sure to select the “All files” option for the files to appear.
Then open the “host” file.

6. Scroll to the bottom of the page and click on the last line. Make
sure to create space.
 7. Enter the URL you want to block.

8. Go to File and select “Save.”

For this to work, you must have permission to access the host file. Also, make
sure to restart your computer to ensure the website is blocked.
If the firewall permits access to questionable sites, you can set it up so no one in
your home, school, or work opens it either. Here’s how it works:
11. Launch the Control Panel on your computer.

12. Select “Windows Defender Firewall” followed by “Advanced

Settings” on the left-side pane.
13. Right-click on “Outbound Rules” from the menu on the left
and select “New Rule.”

14. When a new window pops up, select the “Custom” option
followed by “Next.”
15. On the next window, select “All programs” and again select
“Next.”

16. Select the ” These IP addresses ” option under “Which

remote IP addresses does this rule apply to?”

17. Click on “Add” and enter the IP addresses you want to

block. Then select “Next.”
18. Make sure to choose the “Block the connection” option and
click on “Next.”

19. Choose whether the rule applies to Domain, Private, or

Public. You can also select all three.
20. Select “Next,” add a name or description for this rule, and
select “Finish” to complete the action.
 Practical – 3: Configuration the wifi hotspot, and connect other
devices (mobile/laptop).

1. PC as a mobile hotspot

Turn your Windows 10 PC into a mobile hotspot by sharing your

Internet connection with other devices over Wi-Fi. You can share a
Wi-Fi, Ethernet, or cellular data connection. If your PC has a
cellular data connection and you share it, it will use data from
your data plan.
1. Select Start , then select Settings > Network &
Internet > Mobile hotspot.
2. For Share my Internet connection from, choose the
Internet connection you want to share.
3. If desired, select Edit > enter a new network name and
password > Save.
4. Turn on Share my Internet connection with other
devices.
5. To connect on the other device, go to the Wi-Fi settings on that
device, find your network name, select it, enter the password,
and then connect.
 2. Working with mobile hotspot
Activate Mobile Hotspot
A Mobile Hotspot allows you to share your phone's mobile data connection with
other devices. Follow the steps below to enable a Mobile Hotspot to share your
internet connection with other devices.
Step 1. Launch the Settings app, and then select Connections.
Step 2. Tap Mobile Hotspot and Tethering.
Step 3. Tap the switch next to Mobile Hotspot to activate. The Mobile
Hotspot icon appears on the status bar.

Step3. On the other device’s screen, search for and select your phone from the
Wi-Fi networks list.
 Practical – 3: Configuration of VLAN using Packet Tracer/GNS3.

Practical – 4: Configuration of VPN using Packet Tracer/GNS3.

Steps:
1. configure terminal. Enter global configuration mode.
2. interface vlan vlan-id. Enter interface configuration mode, and enter the
VLAN to which the IP information is assigned. ...
3. ip address { ip-address subnet-mask | dhcp } Configure the IP address.
4. exit. ...
5. show interfaces vlan vlan-id. ...
6. copy running-config startup-config.

1. In Cisco Packet Tracer, create the network topology as shown below:

2. Create 2 VLANs on the switch: VLAN 10 and VLAN 20. You can give them
custom names.
 Switch#config terminal

Switch(config)#vlan 10

Switch(config-vlan)#name SALES

Switch(config-vlan)#vlan 20

Switch(config-vlan)#name IT

3. Assign switch ports to the VLANs. Remember each VLAN is viewed as separate
broadcast domain.

And just before you configure, have in mind that switch ports could be
either access or trunk.

 An access port is assigned to a single VLAN . These ports are configured for switch
ports that connect to devices with a normal network card, for example a PC in a
network.
 A trunk port on the other hand is a port that can be connected to another switch
or router. This port can carry traffic of multiple VLANs.
So in our case, we’ll configure switch interfaces fa 0/1 through fa
0/4 as access ports to connect to our PCs. Here, interfaces fa 0/1 and fa 0/2 are
assigned to VLAN 10 while interfaces fa 0/3 and fa 0/4 are assigned to VLAN 20.

Switch Interface fa0/5 will be configured as trunk port, as it will be used to carry
traffic between the two VLANs via the router.

Switch>enable

Switch#config terminal

Switch(config)#int fa0/1

Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access

Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10

Switch(config-if)#int fa0/2

Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access

Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10

Switch(config-if)#int fa0/3

Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access

Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20

Switch(config-if)#int fa0/4

Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access

Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20

Worth noting: We could have configured all the above interfaces as access ports
using interface range command as shown below:

Switch(config-if)#int range fa0/1-4

Switch(config-if-range)#switchport mode access

In the above commands, we have specified an interface range and then

proceeded to configure all the ports specified as access ports.

Interface fa0/5 is configured as trunk and will be used to for inter-VLAN

communication.
Switch(config)#int fa 0/5

Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk

The next thing is to:

4 . Assign static IP addresses to the four PCs which are located in the separate
VLANs. PC1 and PC2 fall in VLAN 10 while PC3 and PC4 fall in VLAN 20.

PC1 IP address 192.168.1.10 Subnet mask 255.255.255.0 Default

gateway 192.168.1.1

PC2: IP address 192.168.1.20 Subnet mask 255.255.255.0 Default

gateway 192.168.1.1

PC3: IP address 192.168.2.10 Subnet mask 255.255.255.0 Default

gateway 192.168.2.1

PC4: IP address 192.168.2.20 Subnet mask 255.255.255.0 Default

gateway 192.168.2.1

And now it’s very clear that we treat a VLAN just like a physical LAN when
assigning IP addresses.

At this point let’s try to test connectivity within VLANs and between VLANs

To test communication between hosts in the same VLAN:

Ping PC2 from PC1 both in VLAN 10. Ping test should be successful.

To test connectivity between hosts in different VLANs:

Ping PC3 in VLAN 20 from PC1 in VLAN 10. Ping here will definitely fail. Why?
Because inter-VLAN routing is not yet enabled. Hope you can see how we’ve
used VLANs to place the hosts into two logical networks which can be viewed as
separate broadcast domains.
Now, in order to allow the hosts in the two VLANs to communicate, we need to
do something extra. And you can guess what. We’ll configure the router to
permit inter-VLAN communication. Let’s do that right away.

5. Configure inter-VLAN routing on the router

We’ll configure the router so that it will enable communication between the two
vlans via a single physical interface. How is this made possible? We’ll divide the
single physical interface on the router into logical interfaces (sub interfaces). Each
sub-interface will then serve as a default gateway for each of the VLANs. This
scenario is called router on a stick (R.O.A.S) and will allow the VLANs to
communicate through the single physical interface.

Wort noting: We can’t assign an IP address to the router’s physical interface

that we have subdivided into logical sub-interfaces. We’ll instead assign IP
addresses to the sub interfaces.

So let’s do router configurations:

Router>enable

Router#config terminal

Router(config)#int fa0/0

Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#int fa0/0.10

Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1q 10

Router(config-subif)#ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

Router(config-subif)#
Router(config-subif)#int fa0/0.20

Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1q 20

Router(config-subif)#ip add 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0

As you can notice from above, the routers physical interface fa0/0 was
subdivided into two sub-interfaces( fa0/0.10 and fa0/0.20) , which are then
configured as trunk interfaces and given IP addresses.

Finally,

6. Test inter-VLAN connectivity.

Here we’ll test connectivity between computers in different VLANs . Don’t forget
that its the router that enables inter-VLAN routing.

Ping PC3 in VLAN 20 from PC1 in VLAN 10. If everything is well configured, then
ping should work perfectly.