Intro: the president of the jury, members of jury here present, dear parents, fellow students,

ladies and gentlemen. We are glad to be here today to present to u an industrial attachment report
carried out at CRTV NW FROM THE 1STtothe30th of August, 2023. This is AN INTERNSHIP REPORT
SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF
THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF A HIGHER NATIONAL DIPLOMA (HND) IN SOFTWARE
ENGINEERING (SWE)on the TOPIC IP ADDRESSING AND SUBNETTING presented by konjoh Abraham
nchinda, from pchitech mankon Bamenda.

Before I get started, permit me to introduce the topic for better understanding.

1. *IP Addressing*:
- *IP addresses* are unique numerical identifiers assigned to devices on a network. They allow communication
between devices over the Internet.
- In the TCP/IP model, IP addresses are used to route data packets between devices.
- There are two primary versions of IP addresses:
- *IPv4*: These addresses are 32-bit long and expressed in dotted decimal notation (e.g., 192.168.0.5). Each
segment represents an 8-bit byte.
- *IPv6*: These addresses are 128-bit long and provide a larger address space to accommodate the growing number
of connected devices.

2. *Subnetting*:
- Subnetting involves dividing a network into smaller subnetworks (subnets).
- *Network address*: Represents the entire subnet.
- *Host address*: Identifies individual devices within the subnet.
- Subnetting benefits:
- *Improved performance*: Smaller subnets reduce network congestion.
- *Enhanced security*: Isolating traffic within subnets makes management and security easier.
- *Segmentation*: Large networks can be divided into smaller, manageable parts.
- Subnet masks (expressed in binary or dotted decimal notation) define the network portion of an IP address.

Here's a comparison between IP addressing and subnetting:

| Parameter | IP Addressing | Subnetting |

| Purpose | Assign unique identifiers to devices on a network | Divide a network into smaller subnets |
| Process | Assigns unique IP addresses to devices | Creates subnets by borrowing bits from the host
portion of IP addresses |
| Result | Each device has a unique IP address | Network is broken down into smaller subnets, each
with its own unique network ID and IP address range |
| Benefits | Enables communication between devices | Improves performance, security, and manageability
|
| Types | IPv4 and IPv6 | CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) Notation |

This report is divided into five chapters which can then be broken down as follows;

But before I introduce this chapters, I will like to throw more light on the preliminary pages which
includes: certification, dedication, acknowledgement, table of contents, list of figures and tables and the list of
abbreviations.
 In chapter one, this is where the internship properly introduced but it will be good I let the cat out of the
bag by pointing out some few words like;
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
A computer network is a group of computer systems and other computing hardware devices that are linked
together through a communication channel to facilitate communication and resource sharing among a wide range of
users. The interconnection of nodes is formed from a broad spectrum of telecommunication network technologies,
based on physically wired, optical and wireless radio-frequency methods that may be arranged in a variety of
network topologies.
MAIN OBJECTIVES
✓ To obtain the practical experiences associated with team work and division of labor
✓ To have a better understanding of what I have been leaning in class.
✓ To learn the ethics of the profession
✓ To acquire more practical skills to match with the theoretical knowledge in order to be efficient productive
and creative.
✓ To fulfill the requirements for the award of the HND (higher national diploma)
✓ To improve my interactive skills, in order to be a valuable member of a team.
✓ To leave a good impression in the hearts and minds of the entire organization.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
➢ To be involved in every practical activity in line with the profession.
➢ To familiarize myself with network devices and equipment by being actively present during field work. To
learn when given the opportunity, anything related to the profession, sub netting in particular.
➢ To divide a large network to smaller subnets. To work on a live network with multiple subnets in other to
deal with pressure from users.
➢ To find out the importance of sub netting in an organization
➢ To find out the down side of sub netting.
➢ To see how these down sides can be improved. Just to name a few. And
PROBLEM STATEMENT
The goal of sub netting is to create a fast, efficient, and resilient computer network. As networks become
larger and more complex, the traffic travelling through them needs more efficient routes. If all systems were
travelling across the system network through the same route at the same time, congestion will occur resulting in
sluggish and inefficient backlogs. It is for this reason that networks are divided in to sub networks to reduce network
congestion and improve network performance and speed, also to boost network speed and control network growth.
This can be seen on page 6 on the report booklet.
In chapter two, I will throw more light on the historical background and the aims and objectives of the
organization, firstly,
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE ORGANIZATION

The North West Regional Station of CRTV began in 1980 in an experimental Stage under the Radio Cameroon, known then as
Radio Bamenda, it opened with an old 1 kilo watt transmitter picked up then from radio Douala. The transmission was done on
1152 kilo hertz on 1260 meters band medium wave.
Today, however, broadcast is being transmitted through 92.5 and 107.00 megahertz on frequency modulation. The station began
with three staff under the first station manager, Henry NEBA FABS. Other station managers include: FAI Henry FONYE. in 1984,
Peterson YUH.
In 1986, John DAHNE
in 1987 Cameroon Television (CTV) which have been operating as separate entities were fused in December 1987 by a presidential
degree to become the “Cameroon Radio Television Corporation” …. CRTV. John DAHNE thus became the first station manager
to head CRTV North West before handing over to SAMMY ANGUH in 1988. FAI Henry FONYE came in as station manager.
Two year later he died, making way for Phillip BAWE to run the station from 1992 on interim basis. One year later, Michael NDZE
took over as station manager. He managed the station for four years and was replaced by NYOH Moses in 1997.
After three years, NYOH Moses made way for Michel MOINJEL NGOL who stayed as station manager from 2000 to 2006. Joseph
NKELE MEWANU came in, in 2006 and headed the station for five years. Following a reform and a decision of the board of
CRTV in 2010, the ten regional stations were classified according to grades. CRTV North West, therefore, became a grade one
Regional Station that is a station without any proximity radio attached to it.it was after this decision that a new Station Manager
was appointed in the person of Frederick ETA BESONG. His installation took place on March, 04, 2011 and was in that capacity
till the 02nd of September 2015, following the appointment of the first ever female station manager to head the North West Regional
station in the person of Marie-Louise NGWA CHIEKA. She was installed into office on the 15th of September 2015 by the
Assistant General Manager, CRTV Mballa II Francis WETE.
In chapter three, I will highlight some of the activities carried out from the first to the last week. Which includes
• There at the TV center, I was introduced on how to use the cisco packet tracer to create subnetting
• I was also introduced some of the network tools and how to use them properly.
• There at the broadcasting house, I was assign to crimp network cables on both options that is straight through and
crossover and must respect the color codes.
• I was also assigned together with other interns from other institute to create a LAN of about 15 computers to access the
main server and which was done.
• Because of the slow sped of the networking services at CRTV we were assign together with some technical staff from
CAMTEL to create subnetting so as to decongest the networking routes.
• I also carried out several maintenance work and be able to setup the studio ready to use for news broadcast and much
more. All these could be seen from pages 11 to 23 of the report booklet.
While on internship at CRTV, I was faced with some difficulties, thus,

➢ There was always blackout for about three to four hours. As the case may be, it was difficult to take a day to
complete a single task.
➢ The organization lack heavy duty stand by generator that can power on all the systems for more than three
hours. Thus, making repetition of daily task.
➢ During the industrial attachment, it was difficult to master the color codes of the various network cables,
since the field supervisor was too occupied with other daily activities when called upon.
➢ Time management was another major problem, since I usually go to the field in the afternoon instead in the
morning because of the situation at hand.
➢ Transportation means was not easy to be leaving from a very far distant to and fro. Thus, making the activity
to be very stressful.
➢ The organization exploited the intern as a worker, that is given the intern multi-tasking duty each day.
➢ The organization lack some basic network tools, this make the daily task to be very slow and time
mismanagement.
➢ Sometimes, the field supervisor is not always on seat and there no one to tell me what to do. This makes me
to go extra miles to work by myself by visiting certain websites to carry out other activities.