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DBMS Structure U-2

this defines strucvture of a DBMS file and its directory

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Niraj Saxena
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16 views3 pages

DBMS Structure U-2

this defines strucvture of a DBMS file and its directory

Uploaded by

Niraj Saxena
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STRUCTURE OF DBMS

DBMS (Database Management System) acts as an interface between the user


and the database. The user requests the DBMS to perform various operations
(insert, delete, update and retrieval) on the database. The components of DBMS
perform these requested operations on the database and provide necessary data
to the users. The various components of DBMS are shown below: -

Fig. 2.1 Structure Of DBMS

1. DDL Compiler - Data Description Language compiler processes


schema definitions specified in the DDL. It includes metadata information such
as the name of the files, data items, storage details of each file, mapping
information and constraints etc.

2. DML Compiler and Query optimizer - The DML


commands such as insert, update, delete, retrieve from the application program
are sent to the DML compiler for compilation into object code for database
access. The object code is then optimized in the best way to execute a query by
the query optimizer and then send to the data manager.

3. Data Manager - The Data Manager is the central software


component of the DBMS also knows as Database Control System.

The Main Functions Of Data Manager Are: –


a) Convert operations in user's Queries coming from the application programs
or combination of DML Compiler and Query optimizer which is known as
Query Processor from user's logical view to physical file system.
b) Controls DBMS information access that is stored on disk.

c) It also controls handling buffers in main memory.

4) It also enforces constraints to maintain consistency and integrity of the data.

d) It also synchronizes the simultaneous operations performed by the concurrent


users.

e) It also controls the backup and recovery operations.

4. Data Dictionary - Data Dictionary is a repository of description


of data in the database. It contains information about

a) Data - names of the tables, names of attributes of each table, length of


attributes, and number of rows in each table.

b) Relationships between database transactions and data items referenced by


them which is useful in determining which transactions are affected when
certain data definitions are changed.

c) Constraints on data i.e. range of values permitted.

d) Detailed information on physical database design such as storage structure,


access paths, files and record sizes.

e) Access Authorization - is the Description of database users their


responsibilities and their access rights.

f) Usage statistics such as frequency of query and transactions.

Data dictionary is used to actually control the data integrity, database


operation and accuracy. It may be used as a important part of the DBMS.

Data Dictionary is necessary in the databases due to following reasons:

• It improves the control of DBA over the information system and user's
understanding of use of the system.

• It helps in documentating the database design process by storing


documentation of the result of every design phase and design decisions.

• It helps in searching the views on the database definitions of those


views.
• It provides great assistance in producing a report of which data elements
(i.e. data values) are used in all the programs.

• It promotes data independence i.e. by addition or modifications of


structures in the database application program are not affected.

5. Data Files - It contains the data portion of the database.


6. Compiled DML - The DML complier converts the high level
Queries into low level file access commands known as compiled DML.

7. End Users - .

a) Database Administrators: Database Administrator or


DBA is the one who manages the complete database management
system. DBA takes care of the security of the DBMS, it's
availability, managing the license keys, managing user accounts and
access etc.

b) Application Programmer or Software


Developer: This user group is involved in developing and
desiging the parts of DBMS.

c) End User: These days all the modern applications, web or


mobile, store user data. How do you think they do it? Yes,
applications are programmed in such a way that they collect user
data and store the data on DBMS systems running on their server.
End users are the one who store, retrieve, update and delete data.

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