IBPS/RRB/SBI

PO/SO/CLERK

Volume - 2

Quantitative Aptitude & Computer

 Table of Content
S Page
Chapter Title
No. No.

1 Simplification 1

2 Number System 6

3 LCM & HCF 12

4 Surds & Indices 14

5 Ratio & Proportion 18

6 Percentage 21

7 Profit & Loss 29

8 Discount 32

9 Average 35

10 Mixture & Alligation 42

11 Time & Work 44

12 Pipe & Cistern 46

13 Speed Time & Distance 49

14 Boat & Stream 52

15 Simple Interest 57

16 Compound Interest 60

17 Age Problems 66

18 Partnership 71

19 Mensuration 73

20 Linear Equations 82

21 Data Interpretation 84

22 Probability 100

23 Introduction to Computer 109

 Table of Content
S Page
Chapter Title
No. No.

24 Computer Working System, Input, Output and Storage 112

25 Computer System 117

26 Computer Organization 120

27 Computer Languages 123

28 Computer Software 125

29 Operating System 126

30 Microsoft Windows, Its Different Versions and Its Basic Components 128

31 Word Processing Software (Microsoft Word) 130

32 Microsoft Power Point (M.S. Power Point) 132

33 Microsoft Excel (M.S. Excel) (Spreadsheet Software) 134

34 Internet 140

35 Computer Networking 144

36 Network Topology 146

37 Website 148

38 Database 151

39 Information and Communication Technology 157

40 Social Networking Sites 171

41 Word Abbreviation 176

 1 Simplification
CHAPTER
• In simplification, we represent the we solve it so that the answer to the
given data in a simple form, such as the question is correct, for that there is a
data is done in fraction, in decimal, in rule which we call the rule of
division, in power and by solving or VBODMAS.
changing the mathematical operation. • Which operation we should do first, it
• If different types of operations are decides the rule of VBODMAS.
given on some number, then how can
V B O D M A S

Vinculum OF
(+) Addition
Bracket[{()}]
Multiplication (×) Subtraction (–)
Divide (/)
• The first of all these mathematical • There is “M” in the fifth place which
operations is V which means Vinculum means “Multiplication”, in the given
(line bracket). If there is a line bracket expression after “Division” we will do
in the question, then first we will solve “Multiplication”.
it and then (BODMAS) Rule will work in • Sixth position is held by “A” which is
it. related to “Addition”. Addition action
takes place after division and
• B (Bracket) in the second place means
multiplication.
brackets which can be –
• There is "S" in the seventh place which
1. Small bracket ( )
is made of "Subtraction".
2. Middle/curly bracket { }
Q. Simplify –
3. Big bracket/ [ ]
 1  1 1  1 1 1    1 1
• First the small brackets, then the curly 3 ÷ 1 –  2 – –   ÷  of 4 
bracket, and then the big brackets are  4  4 2  2 4 6    2 3
solved. Sol: Step 1 – Convert the mixed fraction into
• In the third place is "O" which is formed simple fraction
from "of" or "order", which means  13  5 1  5 1 1    1 13 
 ÷  –  – –   ÷  of 
"multiply" or "of".  4  4 2  2 4 6    2 3 
• In the fourth place is "D" which means
Now, according to VBODMAS –
"Division", in the given expression do
Step 2 –
the first division in different actions if
 13  5 1  5 3 -2    1 13 
given.  ÷ –  –   ÷  of 
 4  4 2  2 12    2 3 

1
 Step 3 –  13  30 – 29  13
 13  5 1  5 1    13  ÷  ÷
 4  24  6
 ÷  –  –   ÷
 4  4 2  2 12    6 Step 7 –
Step 4 –  13 1  13
 4 ÷ 24  ÷ 6
 13  5 1  30 – 1   13
 ÷  – ×   ÷ Step 8 –
 4  4 2  12   6
Step 5 –  13  13
 4 ×24  ÷ 6
 13  5 1 29  13
 4 ÷  4 – 2 × 12  ÷ 6 Step 9 –
  
6
Step 6 – 13×6 ×
13
= 36 Ans.
Algebraic Formulas –
1. (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
2. (a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2
3. (a + b)2 + (a – b)2 = 2(a2 + b2)
4. (a2 – b2) = (a + b) (a – b)
5. a2 + b2 + c2 = (a + b + c)2 – 2(ab + bc + ca)
2
1  1
6. a + 2
2
=  a+  – 2
a  a
1
a2 +b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca = (a – b ) + (b + c ) + (c – a ) 
2 2 2
7.
2  
8. a3 + b3 = (a + b)3 – 3ab (a + b) = (a + b) (a2 – ab + b2)
9. a3 – b3 = (a – b) 3 + 3ab (a – b) = (a – b) (a2 + ab + b2)
10. a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc = (a + b + c) (a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca)
1
2
 2 2

= ( a+b + c ) ( a – b ) + (b – c ) + ( c – a )
2

If a + b + c = 0 , then
a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc
3
1  1  1
11. a + 3
3
=  a+  – 3 a+ 
a  a  a
3
1  1  1
12. a – 3
3
=  a –  + 3 a – 
a  a  a
Square and Square Root Table
Square Square Root Square Square Root
2
1 =1 1 =1 162 = 256 256 = 16
22 = 4 4 =2 172 = 289 289 = 17
32 = 9 9 =3 182 = 324 324 = 18

2
 42 = 16 16 = 4 192 = 361 361 = 19
52 = 25 25 = 5 202 = 400 400 = 20
2 2
6 = 36 36 = 6 21 = 441 441 = 21
2 2
7 = 49 49 = 7 22 = 484 484 = 22
82 = 64 64 = 8 232 = 529 529 = 23
2 2
9 = 81 81 = 9 24 = 576 576 = 24
2 2
10 = 100 100 = 10 25 = 625 625 = 25
112 = 121 121 = 11 262 = 676 676 = 26
122 = 144 144 = 12 272 = 729 729 = 27
2 2
13 = 169 169 = 13 28 = 784 784 = 28
142 = 196 196 = 14 292 = 841 841 = 29
152 = 225 225 = 15 302 = 900 900 = 30
Cube and Cube Root Table
Cube Cube Root Cube Cube Root
3
1 =1 3
1 =1 3
16 = 4096 3
4096 = 16
23 = 8 3
8 =2 173 = 4913 3
4913 = 17
33 = 27 3
27 = 3 183 = 5832 3
5832 = 18
43 = 64 3
64 = 4 193 = 6859 3
6859 = 19
53 = 125 3
125 = 5 203 = 8000 3
8000 = 20
63 = 216 3
216 = 6 213 = 9261 3
9261 = 21
73 = 343 3
343 = 7 223 = 10648 3
10648 = 22
83 = 512 3
512 = 8 233 = 12167 3
12167 = 23
93 = 729 3
729 = 9 243 = 13824 3
13824 = 24
103 = 1000 3
1000 = 10 253 = 15625 3
15625 = 25
113 = 1331 3
1331 = 11 263 = 17576 3
17576 = 26
123 = 1728 3
1728 = 12 273 = 19683 3
19683 = 27
133 = 2197 3
2197 = 13 283 = 21952 3
21952 = 28
143 = 2744 3
2744 = 14 293 = 24389 3
24389 = 29
153 = 3375 3
3375 = 15 303 = 27000 3
27000 = 30

Arithmetic Progression nth term of an Arithmetic Progression

The series in which each term can be found Tn = a + (n – 1) d
by adding or subtracting with its preceding Where, a = First term
term is d = Common difference (2nd term –
called the arithmetic progression. 1st term)
E.g. 2, 5, 8, 11, ……. n = Number of all terms.

3
Addition of nth terms of an Arithmetic nth term of a Harmonic Progression –
Progression – 1
Tn =
n a + (n − 1)d
Sn = 2a+ (n – 1)d
2 2ab
If the first and last term is known – Harmonic series (H) =
a+b
n
Sn = a +  Relation between Arithmetic Mean,
2
Geometric Mean and Harmonic Mean
Where, = Last term
Let A, G and H be the arithmetic mean,
Arithmetic progression between the two geometric mean and harmonic mean
variables between two
a+b quantities a and b respectively, then
A= [The arithmetic progression of a &
2
G2 = AH and A GH
b is A]
Geometric Progression Practice Question
If the ratio of each term of the series to its Q.1 The value of 24  2  12 + 12  6 of 2
preceding term is a certain variable, then it is  (15  8  4) of (28  7 of 5) is –
called a geometric series. This fixed variable 32 8
(a) 4 (b) 4
is called the common ratio. 75 75
2 1
nth term of Geometric Series – (c) 4 (d) 4
3 6
Tn = a.rn-1
Q.2 Simplify –
Where, a = First term
 1  1 1  1 1 1    1 1
r = Common ratio 3  1 −  2 − −     of 4 
n = Number of terms  4  4 2  2 4 6    2 3
Q.3 Evaluate –
Addition of nth terms of Geometric Series –
3 5 7 1 1 5 3 3
 1 − rn  2  1    +  +  of
Sn = a  ; When r  1 4 6 8 3 4 7 4 7
 1 −r  56 49
 rn − 1  (a) (b)
Sn = a 77 80
 ; when r  1
 r − 1  2 2
(c) (d) 3
1. Geometric series between two 3 9
2
variables G = ab Q.4 If (102) = 10404 then the value of
2. If the arithmetic mean and geometric 104.04 + 1.0404 + 0.010404 is
mean between two positive quantities equals to?
a and b are A and G, then A > G, (a) 0.306 (b) 0.0306
a+b (c) 11.122 (d) 11.322
 ab
2 Q.5 If a = 64 & b = 289 then find the value
1
Harmonic Progression  2
of  a + b − b− a 
If the reciprocals of the terms of a series are  
written in the same order and it is in (a) 21/2 (b) 2
arithmetic progression, then this is known as
(c) 4 (d) -2
harmonic series.
4
Q.6 The cube root of 175616 is 56 then 2
 1 
find the value of Q.12  2 +  equals to ?
 2
3
175.616 + 3 0.175616 + 3 0.000175616 ?
1 1
(a) 0.168 (b) 62.16 (a) 2 (b) 3
(c) 6.216 (d) 6.116 2 2
Q.7 What is the smallest number to be 1 1
(c) 4 (d) 5
added to 710 so that the sum 2 2
becomes a perfect cube? Q.13 Find the value of
(a) 29 (b) 19 0.051  0.051  0.051 + 0.041  0.041  0.041
(c) 11 (d) 21 0.051  0.051 − 0.051  0.041 + 0.041  0.041
Q.8 Find the value of the following – (a) 0.92 (b) 0.092
5
4− is (c) 0.0092 (d) 0.00092
1
1+ Q.14 Find the sum of all the multiples of 3
1
3+ less than 50 ?
1
2+
4 (a) 400 (b) 408
1 1 (c) 404 (d) 412
(a) (b)
8 64 Q.5 How many terms are there in the
1 1 following arithmetic series?
(c) (d)
16 32
7, 13, 19, .............. , 205
1
Q.9 If 2 = x + then find the value Q.16 If the sum of two numbers is 22, and
1
1+ the sum of their squares is 404, then
1
3+ find the product of those numbers?
4
of x ? (a) 40 (b) 44
18 21 (c) 80 (d) 89
(a) (b)
17 17 Q.17 When a two digit number is multiplied
13 12 by the sum of its digits, the product is
(c) (d)
17 17 424. When the number obtained by
998
Q.10 999  999 equals to ? interchanging its digits is multiplied
999 by the sum of the digits, the result is
(a) 998999 (b) 999899
280. What is the sum of the digits of
(c) 989999 (d) 999989
the number?
(0.03)2 − (0.01)2
Q.11 Find the value of ? (a) 7 (b) 9
0.03 − 0.01
(c) 6 (d) 8
(a) 0.02 (b) 0.004
(c) 0.4 (d) 0.04

Answer Key
1
Q.1 (d) Q.2 7 Q.3 (d) Q.4 (d)
5
Q.5 (a) Q.6 (c) Q.7 (b) Q.8 (a)
Q.9 (b) Q.10 (a) Q.11 (d) Q.12 (c)
Q.13 (b) Q.14 (b) Q.15 34 Q.16 (a)
Q.17 (d)
5
 2 Number System
CHAPTER

Complex Number (Z) Integer Numbers

Z = Real numbers + Imaginary numbers A set of numbers which includes whole
Z = a + ib numbers as well as negative numbers, is
called integer numbers, it is denoted by I.
Where, a = Real numbers. I = {–4, –3, –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,…..}
b = Imaginary numbers.
Natural Numbers
Real Numbers The numbers which are used to count things
Rational and irrational numbers together are are called natural numbers.
called real numbers. These can be N = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ……}
represented on the number line.
Whole Numbers
Imaginary Numbers When 0 is also included in the family of
Numbers that can not be represented on the natural numbers, then they are called whole
number line. numbers.

6
W = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …..} Prime Numbers – Which have only two
The product of four consecutive natural forms - 1 × numbers
numbers is always exactly divisible by 24. E.g. - {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19……..}
Where, 1 isn’t a Prime Number.
Even Numbers
• The digit 2 is only even prime number.
Numbers which are completely divisible by 2
• 3, 5, 7 is the only pair of consecutive odd
are called even numbers. prime numbers.
nth term = 2n • Total prime numbers between 1 to 25 ¾ 9
Sum of first n even natural numbers = n(n+1) • Total prime numbers between 25 to 50 ¾ 6
Sum of square of first n even natural • There are total of 15 prime numbers
2n(n + 1)(2n + 1) between 1-50.
numbers =
3 • There are total of 10 prime numbers
between 51 – 100.
 Last term 
n =  So there are total 25 prime numbers from
 2  1-100.
Odd Numbers • Total prime numbers from 1 to 200 ¾ 46
The numbers which are not divisible by 2 are • Total prime numbers from 1 to 300 ¾ 62
• Total prime numbers from 1 to 400 ¾ 78
odd numbers.
• Total prime numbers from 1 to 500 ¾ 95
Sum of first n odd numbers = n2
 Last term + 1  Co-prime Numbers
n =  Numbers whose HCF is only 1.
 2 
E.g. - (4,9), (15, 22), (39, 40)
Natural Numbers HCF = 1
n(n + 1) Perfect Number
Sum of first n natural numbers =
2 A number whose sum of its factors is equal
Sum of square of first n natural numbers to that number (except the number itself in
n(n + 1)(2n + 1) the factors)
= E.g. - 6 → 1, 2, 3 → Here 1 + 2 + 3 → 6
6
28 → 1, 2, 4, 7, 14 → 1 + 2 + 4 + 7 + 14 → 28
Sum of cube of first n natural numbers =
2 Rational Numbers
 n(n + 1) 
 2  Numbers that can be written in the form of
P/Q, but where Q must not be zero and P and
The difference of the squares of two Q must be integers.
consecutive natural numbers is equal to 10 7
E.g. - 2/3, 4/5, ,
their sum. −11 8
Example - 112 = 121 Irrational Numbers
2 These cannot be displayed in P/Q form.
12 = 144
11 + 12 → 23 E.g. - 2, 3, 11, 19 , 26...
Difference 144 – 121 = 23

7
Perfect square numbers

Unit Digit which can be of square Which can't be square
0 2 –––
1 3 –––
4 7 –––
5 or 25 8 –––
6
9
• The last two digits of the square of any number will be the same as the last two digits of the
square of numbers 1-24.
Note: Therefore, everyone must remember the squares of 1-25.
Convert to Binary and Decimal – Finding the Number of Divisors or Number
1. Convert Decimal Number to Binary of Factors
Number First we will do the prime factorization of the
To find the binary number equivalent to number and write it as Power and multiply
a decimal number, we continuously by adding
divide the given decimal number by 2 One to each power, then the number of
until we get 1 as the final quotient. divisors will be obtained.
E.g. Ex: By how many total numbers can 2280
2 89 2 × 44 = 88 ; 89 – 88 = 1 be completely divided?
2 44 2 × 22 = 44; 44 – 44 = 0 Sol. 2280 = 23 × 31 × 51 × 191
2 22 2 × 11 = 22 ; 22 – 22 = 0 Number of divisors = (3 + 1) (1 + 1) (1 +
2 11 2 × 5 = 10 ; 11 – 10 = 1 1) (1 + 1)
2 5 2×2=4;5–4=1 = 4 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 32
2 2 2×1=2;2–2=0
Find the unit's digit
1 Final quotient
1. When the number is in the form of
Hence, binary number equivalent to 89 =
power –
(1011001)2
When the unit digit of Base is 0, 1, 5 or
2. Convert Binary to Decimal Nubmer
6, the unit digit of the result remains the
In binary system the value of 1 when it
same for any natural power. When the
moves one place to its left every time it
unit digit of base is 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, or 9,
doubles itself and wherever 0 comes its
divide the power by 4 and put the same
value is 0.
power on the unit digit of the base as the
E.g.
remainder. When the power is rounded
1 0 1 1 0 0 1
6 5 4 3 2 1
off to 4, then the 4th power will be placed
2 2 2 2 2 2 20
on the unit digit of the base.
Now 2. In the form of simplification –
(1011001)2 = 1 × 26 + 0 × 25 + 1 × 24 × 1 × Write the unit digit of each number and
23 + 0 × 22 + 0 ×21 + 1 × 20 simplify it according to the symbol, the
= 64 + 0 + 16 + 8 + 8 + 0 + 1 {20 = 1} result that will come will be its unit digit
= 89 answer.
8
Divide by Power of Numbers (Finding the Divisor)
1. If an + bn is given –
If n is odd, then (a+b) will be its divisor.
2. If an – bn is given –
Divisor (when n is odd) → (a–b)
Divisor (when n is even) → (a – b) or (a + b) or both.
1. If an  (a – 1) then the remainder always be 1.
2. an  (a + 1) If n is an even then the remainder always be 1.
If n is an odd then the remainder always be a.
3. If (an + a)  (a – 1) then the remainder always be 2 .
4. (an + a)  (a + 1) If n is an even then the remainder always be zero (0).
If n is an odd then the remainder always be (a – 1)

Terminating Decimal 3524 − 35 3489 1163

0.3524 = = =
Those numbers which end after a few digits 9900 9900 3300
after the decimal like - 0.25, 0.15, 0.375 can 22
= 3.14285714.... = 3.142857
be written in a fraction number. 7
Non-Terminating Decimal It is called bar.
Those numbers which continue after the • Convert pure recurring decimal fraction
decimal and can be of two types. to simple fraction as follows –
0.3333, 0.7777, 0.183183183……….. P pq pqr
0.P = 0.pq = 0.pqr =
Numbers that never end after 9 99 999
Repeating
the decimal, but repeat, till • Convert a mixed recurring decimal
infinity. It can be written in fraction to an ordinary fraction as
fractions. follows –
Non Numbers that never end after pq – p pqr – pq
0.pq = 0.pq r =
Repeating the decimal point, but they do 90 900
Decimal not repeat their numbers.
pqr – p pqrs − pq
0.pqr = 0.pqrs =
990 9900
Recurring Decimal Fraction
Example -
That decimal fraction is the repetition of one
39 13
or more digits after the decimal point, then (i) 0.39 = =
99 33
one or more digits are repeated after the
625 − 6 619
dot. (ii) 0.625 = =
990 990
Eg. 1 = 0.333..., 22 = 3.14285714..... To represent
3524 − 35 3489 1163
3 7 (iii) 0.3524 = = =
such fractions, a line is drawn over the 9900 9900 3300
repeating digit.

9
Symbol of the Roman Method subtracting it from the
1 → I remaining number, if the
2 → II number is a multiple of 0 or 7
3 → III or if any digit is repeated in a
4 → IV multiple of 6, then the
5 → V number will be divisible by 7.
6 → VI E.g. 222222, 44444444444,
7 → VII 7854
8 → VIII Rule of 8 If the last three digits of a
9 → IX number are divisible by 8 or
10 → X the last three digits are '000'
20 → XX (zero).
30 → XXX E.g. 9872, 347000
40 → XL Rule of 9 If the sum of the digits of a
50 → L number is divisible by 9, then
100 → C the whole number will be
500 → D divisible by 9.
1000 → M Rule of 10 The last digit should be zero
Rule of Divisibility (0).
Rule of 2 The last digit is an even Rule of 11 If the difference between the
number or zero (0) as - 236, sum of digits at odd places
150, 1000004 and sum of digits at even
Rule of 3 If the sum of the digits of a places is zero (0) or 11 or a
number is divisible by 3, then multiple of 11.
the whole number will be E.g. 1331, 5643, 8172659
divisible by 3. Rule of 12 Composite form of divisible
E.g. 729, 12342, 5631 by 3 and 4.
Rule of 4 Last two digits are zero or Rule of 13 Repeating the digit 6 times, or
divisible by 4. multiplying the last digit by 4
E.g. 1024, 58764, 567800 and adding it to the
Rule of 5 The last digit is zero or 5. remaining number, if the
E.g. 3125, 625, 1250 number is divisible by 13,
Rule of 6 If a number is divisible by then the whole number will
both 2 and 3 then it is also be divisible by 13.
divisible by 6. E.g. 222222, 17784
E.g. 3060, 42462, 10242
Rule of 7 After multiplying the last digit
of a number by 2 and

10
 Practice Questions Q.6 If the product of first three and last
3 1 three of 4 consecutive prime numbers
Q.1 If of a number is 7 more than of
4 6 is 385 and 1001, then find the
5 greatest prime number.
that number, then what will be of Q.7 What will be the sum of the even
3
that number? numbers between 50 and 100?
(a) 12 (b) 18 Q.8 What will be the sum of odd numbers
(c) 15 (d) 20 between 50 and 100?
Q.9 In a division method, the divisor is 12
Q.2 If the sum of two numbers is a and
times the quotient and 5 times the
their product is a then their
remainder. Accordingly, if the
reciprocals will be –
remainder is 36, then what will be the
1 1 b
(a) + (b) dividend?
a b a (a) 2706 (b) 2796
a a (c) 2736 (d) 2826
(c) (d)
b ab Q.10 What is the unit digits of (3694)1739 
Q.3 The sum of two numbers is 75 and (615)317  (841)491
their difference is 25, then what will (a) 0 (b) 2
be the product of those two (c) 3 (d) 5
numbers? p
Q.11 What will be written in the form of
(a) 1350 (b) 1250 q
(c) 1000 (d) 125 of 18.484848....?
Q.4 Divide 150 into two parts such that 462 610
(a) (b)
3 25 33
the sum of their reciprocal is .
112 200 609
(c) (d)
Calculate both parts. 11 33
(a) 50, 90 (b) 70, 80 0.936 − 0.568
Q.12 Put in the form of
(c) 60, 90 (d) 50, 100 0.45 + 2.67
Q.5 If the sum of any three consecutive rational number.
odd natural numbers is 147, then the Q.13 What will be the common factor of
middle number will be –
(a) 47 (b) 48
(127)127
+ ( 97 )
127
 and (127) 97
+ ( 97 )
97
?
(c) 49 (d) 51 (a) 127 (b) 97
(c) 30 (d) 224

Answer Key
Q.1 (d) Q.2 (c) Q.3 (b) Q.4 (b)
Q.5 (c) Q.6 13 Q.7 1800 Q.8 1875
2024
Q.9 (c) Q.10 (a) Q.11 (b) Q.12
17205
Q.13 (d)

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 Least Common Multiple and Highest
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CHAPTER Common Factor (LCM & HCF)

Factor: A number is said to be a factor of HCF (Highest Common Factor)

another if it completely divides the other. • The greatest number by which all the
Like 3 and 4 are factors of 12. given numbers are completely divisible
Common Factor: The number which is called HCF.
completely divides two or more given • Like – H.C.F. of 18 and 24 is 6.
numbers is called the common factor of
Ex.1: If the H C F of two numbers is found
those numbers. Thus, one common factor of
by the division method, then the
9, 18, 21 and 33 is 3.
quotient is 3, 4, and 5 respectively. If
LCM (Least common multiple) the mean of two numbers is 18, then
• The smallest number which is completely find the numbers.
divisible by the given numbers is called Sol. - There are two numbers a and b
LCM.
• Finding the LCM of the number having
power - After factoring the prime, we will
write it in the form of quotient and the
number of primes that will be used will
be written as multiplication and will keep The last denominator is HCF.
the maximum power on it. d = 18
c = 5  d = 5  18 = 90
16 15 18
Ex-1: Find LCM of (12) , (18) , (30) a = (4  c) + d
Sol. (12)16 = (2 × 2 × 3)16 = (22 × 3)16 = 232 × 316 = (4  90) + 18 = 378
(18)15 = (2 × 3 × 3)15 = (2 × 32)15 = 215 × 330 b = 3a + c
(30)18 = (2 × 3 × 5)18 = 218 × 318 × 518 = (3  378) + 90 = 1134 + 90 = 1224
Therefore, LCM = 232 × 330 × 518 Ans. So, the numbers are 1224 and 378
LCM of fractions
LCM of Numerator To find the HCF of a number with
LCM =
HCF of Denominator powers-
• First factor it into the base and write it as
1 5
Ex-2: Find LCM of and ? a power, and write it as a multiplication
2 8
LCM of 1 and 5 5
of all prime numbers in the base and put
Sol. - LCM =  the lowest power on it.
HCF of 2 and 8 2

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Ex:1 Find HCF of (24)8, (36) 12, (18) 16 Practice Questions
Sol. 24 = (23 × 3)8 = 224 × 38 Q.1 What is the greatest common factor
of 84, 126, 140 ?
36 = (22 × 32 )12 = 224 × 324
Q.2 Find HCF of x6 – 1 and x4 + 2x3 – 2x1 – 1
18 = (2 × 32 )16 = 216 × 332 (a) x 2 + 1 (b) x - 1
16 8
So, HCF = 2 × 3 2
(c) x -1 (d) x + 1
Finding the HCF of a Fraction – Q.3 What will be the LCM of 15, 18, 24, 27, 36?
HCF of Numerator Q.4 Six bells started ringing
HCF =
LCM of Denominator simultaneously, if these bells rang
18 12 6 respectively at an interval of 2, 4, 6, 8,
Ex: , ,
25 7 35 10, 12 seconds, then how many times
HCF of 18, 12, 16 in 30 minutes will they ring together?
Sol.
LCM of 25, 7, 35 (a) 4 times
• HCF of Addition of any two numbers and (b) 10 times
their L.C.M is equal to the HCF of given (c) 16 times
two numbers. (d) None of the above
Let the two numbers be x and y, and Q.5 Three persons start walking together
their H.C.F is H. on a 11 km long circular path in the
Therefore, x = Ha same direction. Their speed is 4, 5.5
y = Hb and 8 km/hr respectively. After how
much time will they meet together at
Where a and b are mutually prime.
the starting point ?
LCM of x, y = Hab
and x + y = H (a + b) Q.6 Find the greatest common factor of
1.75, 5.6 and 7.
Now ‘a’ and ‘b’ are mutually prime
numbers, then (a + b) and ab will also be Q.7 The sum of two numbers is 36, their
primes with each other. So we can highest common factor is 3 and the
conclude that the HCF of H(a + b) and Hab least common factor is 105, what will
be the sum of the reciprocals of these
is H which is also the H.C.F of x and y.
numbers ?
Relation between LCM and HCF: - 2 3
(a) (b)
LCM  HCF = Product of both numbers 35 25
4 2
(c) (d)
Ex.1 The LCM and HCF of two numbers are 35 25
420 and 28. If one number is 84, find Q.8 Find two such three-digit numbers
the other number – whose L.C.M. is 5760 and H.C.F. is 80?
420  28 Answer Key
Sol. Second Number = = 140
84 1. 14 2. (c) 3. 1080
• The smallest number for x, y, z in which 4. (c) 5. 22 Hours 6. 0.35
the remainder r is left after dividing, 4
7. 8. 640 and 720
The answer for this will be (LCM of x, y, z + r). 35

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