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Language Summary
Language acquisition is how we learn to speak and understand a language.
There are two types of language acquisition which are first and second language acquisition. In regards to first language acquisition, it is defined as the process of learning the language we hear from our parents when we are infants. This usually occurs between the ages of birth to age three. This is a very natural process as we are learning the language naturally by listening to our parents and we imitating their words and actions. An example of first language acquisition would be when a baby hears the word “Dada” and then will say it when they see their dad. In regards to second language acquisition, it is defined as when someone learns another language after they have already learned their first language. This can truly occur at any age, but often will start at school. The learning process of second language acquisition can be more challenging as learning usually have to study vocabulary and grammar. An example of second language acquisition could be when a child speaks Spanish at home, but will start to learn English at school. When comparing the two, emotional connection seems to play a role more in the first language acquisition because it is your native language, whereas, the second language may have a lesser connection to your emotions. Another comparison is that in terms of vocabulary, first language is rapid in the early years as you are imitating what you are around and learning versus the second language where the pace is slower and you need more practice. First language seems to be more instinctive whereas the second, needs to be more explicitly taught! The differences talked about above, impact a classroom with English Language Learners in the following ways: ELL students struggle with learning English in school because it is being taught in a formal way, unlike the first language. It also could have an affect on their confidence, as these students often feel anxious and shy when speaking because they are not as comfortable as they are with their first language. Another impact might be participation, which supports making friends, interactions with peers, etc. These students are still developing their vocabulary and understanding so they will steer clear of discussion and participation in class. When addressing second language acquisition issues in the classroom, I would address them in the following ways: Use Visuals and incorporate pictures and charts, that will help ELLs understand new words and concepts you will be using in your classroom. Another way I would address this would be to pair ELL students with classmates who can help them practice speaking and understanding English. I would use group activities where everyone has a role. Additionally, I would implement a daily Writing Practice activity where it would give ELL students the opportunity to write something every day. I would give them a structured sentence and allow them to draw or use their first language if needed to show their message.
References: Deussen, T. et al. (2008) WHAT TEACHERS SHOULD KNOW ABOUT INSTRUCTION FOR ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNERS.