Optimization at time t = 1. When is the particle moving to the right?

1. Find two numbers which differ by 64 such that their product is minimum. 2. Suppose the motion of the ball thrown from the top of a building is given by s =
2. Suppose the height from the ground of an aircraft is given by s(t) = 60t2 − 6t3 feet
−16t2 + 96t + 112, where s is the directed distance from the ground after t seconds.
where t is the time in minutes after take-off. a. How tall is the building?
a. What is the greatest height the aircraft attains during the first ten minutes? b. At what speed was the ball thrown?
b. At what moment will it be rising the fastest? c. Find the maximum height that the ball will reach.
3. A manufacturer wishes to construct a closed box of volume 288 cubic inches where d. At what speed does the ball hit the ground?
the base is a rectangle having length three times it width. Find the dimensions of 3. A particle is moving along a horizontal axis such that its distance in meters after t
the box constructed from the least amount of material. minutes from a point P on the axis is given by s(t) = t3 − 5t2 + 3t + 8. What is the
4. A closed cylindrical can is to have volume 2000π cubic centimeters. Find the height total distance traveled by the particle during the first 4 minutes?
and radius of the can that minimizes the material needed for the can. 4. A billiard ball is hit and travels in a straight line without rolling. The directed
5. A rectangular open tank of volume 125 cubic meters is to have a square base. The distance of the ball from its initial position after t seconds is s = t2 + 10t inches. If
cost per square meter for the bottom is P200 and for the sides is P100. Find the the ball hits the cushion 39 inches from its initial position, at what speed does it hit
dimensions of the tank for the cost of the material to be least. the cushion?
6. Find the dimensions of the largest rectangle that can be inscribed in a right triangle 5. If a ball is given a push so that it has an initial velocity of 15 feet/second down a
with sides of length 6 in., 8 in., and 10 in. if two sides of the rectangle lie on the legs certain inclined plane, then s = 15t + 9t2 , where s is the distance of the ball from its
of the triangle. starting position after t seconds and the positive direction is down the inclined plane.
How long will it take for the velocity of the ball to increase to 42 feet/second? If the
7. Find the area of the largest rectangle that can be inscribed in a circle of radius 10.
instantaneous velocity of the ball as it leaves the inclined plane is 51 feet/second,
8. Find all points on the graph of f ( x ) = 20x3 − 5x4 − 3x5 where the slope of the
how long is the inclined plane?
tangent line to the graph is of f is maximum.
6. A stone is dropped from the roof of a building 256 feet high. Two seconds later, a
9. Find the least distance of a point on the graph of f ( x ) = x2 + 1 from the P(0, 3).
second stone is thrown from the roof of the same building at an initial velocity of
10. Find the smallest and largest distance of the point (3, −4) from a point on the circle m feet per second. The stones hit the ground at the same time. If the equation of
having equation x2 + y2 = 9. motion of both stones has the form s(t) = −16t2 + v0 t + s0 where s0 is the initial
11. Find the volume of the largest right circular cylinder that can be inscribed in a sphere height and v0 is the initial velocity, find the value of m.
of diameter 20 inches. 7. The first two graphs are those of the velocity functions of a pair of particles, while
12. If you are offered one slice from a round pizza and the slice must have a perimeter the last two graphs are those of the position functions of another pair of particles,
of 32 inches, what radius will reward you with the largest slice? (Recall: given a all moving along a horizontal line, and where t is in seconds. When is each particle
sector with radius r and central angle θ radians, the circular arc has length rθ and moving to the left/right? When is it speeding up/slowing down?
the sector’s area is 12 r2 θ)
 x
13. The operating cost of a certain truck is 1 + pesos per kilometer when the truck
45
travels at an average speed of x km./hr. and the driver is being paid at P80 per hour.
If the truck is to be driven along a 300 km. highway where the minimum speed is 40
km./hr and the maximum speed is 80 km./hr, what average speed would cost the
company the least amount of money? How about if the total cost is to be maximal? Related Rates
14. A cone with an open base is to be made from a circular piece of sheet metal of
1. Oil from a ruptured tanker spreads in a circular pattern. If the radius of the circle
radius 10 m. by cutting out a sector and welding the cut edges of the remaining
increases at a constant rate of 2 ft./s, how fast is the enclosed area increasing at the
piece together. What is the maximum possible volume of the resulting cone?
end of 90 seconds?
Rectilinear Motion 2. If the diagonal of a cube is decreasing at a rate of 3 inches per minute, how fast is
1. A particle is moving along a straight horizontal line according to the equation s = the side of the cube decreasing?
t 3. A spherical snowball is being made so that its volume is increasing at a rate of 8
, where s is the directed distance from a point O on the line, and the positive cubic meters per minute. Find the rate at which the radius is increasing when the
t2 + 4
direction is to the right. Find the position, velocity and acceleration of the particle snowball is 4 meters in diameter.
 4. A car is traveling along a straight road at a speed of 20 m./s. An observer is located 2. Solve the following problems completely.
at a point 7 m. off to the side of the road. How fast is the distance between the car a. Use differentials to approximate the amount of paint needed to apply a coat of
and the observer increasing at the moment when the car is 24 m. past the point on paint 0.05 cm thick to a hemispherical dome of radius 25 m.
the road that is closest to the observer?
b. A cubic metal box is to have an interior volume of 1000 cubic centimeters, and
5. A man starts walking north at 4 ft/s from a point P. Five minutes later a woman 1
starts walking south at 5 ft/s from a point 500 ft due east of P. At what rate are the the six sides are to be made of metal centimeter thick. If the cost of the metal
8
people moving apart 15 min after the woman starts walking? to be used is P5 per cubic centimeter, use differentials to estimate the cost of
6. A cylindrical balloon is being inflated at the rate of 12π cubic feet per minute and metal to be used in constructing the box.
such that the height of the balloon is three times the radius at any given time. Find c. When blood flows along a blood vessel, Poiseuille’s law says the flux F (the
the rate at which the height is changing at the moment when the radius is 1 foot. volume of blood per unit time that flows past a given point) is given by F = kR4 ,
7. An inverted conical tank with vertex angle 60◦ has liquid being poured into it at the where R is the radius of the blood vessel, and k is a constant. Approximate the
rate of 1000 cubic inches per minute. At what rate is the level of the liquid rising percentage change in the blood flow if there is a 5% increase in the radius.
when the liquid is 10 inches deep? Marginals
8. A triangular trough (a container) is 12 ft. long, 3 ft. wide at the top, and 3 ft. deep.
If water is poured into the trough at the rate of 10 cubic feet per minute, how fast is 1. A baseball team plays in a stadium that holds 55,000 spectators. With ticket prices
the water surface rising when the depth is 2 ft.? at $10, the average attendance had been 27,000. When ticket prices were lowered to
$8, the average attendance rose to 33,000.
9. JV, who is 6 ft. tall, is walking away from a street light pole 30 ft. high at a rate of 2
ft./s. How fast is his shadow increasing in length when JV is 24 ft. from the pole? a. Find the demand function, assuming that it is linear.
How fast is the tip of his shadow moving? To follow the tip of his shadow, at what b. How should ticket prices be set to maximize revenue?
angular rate must he lift his line of sight when his shadow is 6 ft. long? 2. A retailer has been selling 1200 tablet computers a week at $350 each. The marketing
10. A man 6 ft. tall is walking at a constant rate of 2 ft./s. away from a building and department estimates that an additional 80 tablets will sell each week for every $10
towards a light source on the ground that is 100 ft. from the building. How far is that the price is lowered.
the man from the light source at the instant when the length of the man’s shadow a. Find the demand function.
1
on the building is increasing at a rate of ft./s.? b. What should the price be set at in order to maximize revenue?
3
11. A horizontal trough is 16 m. long, and each of its ends is an isosceles trapezoid with c. If the retailers weekly cost function is C ( x ) = 35, 000 + 120x, what price should
an altitude of 4 m, a lower base of 4 m, and an upper base of 6 m. Water is being it choose in order to maximize its profit?
3
poured into the trough at a rate of 10 m /min. How fast is the water level rising 3. If C ( x ) is the cost of producing x units of a commodity, then the average cost per
when the water is 2 m deep? C(x)
unit is c( x ) = .
12. A ship is located 4 miles from a straight shore and has a radar transmitter that x
rotates 32 times per minute. How fast is the radar beam moving along the shoreline a. If C ( x ) = 16, 000 + 200x + 4x3/2 , in dollars, find (i) the cost, average cost, and
◦
when the beam makes an angle of 45 with the shore? marginal cost at a production level of 1000 units; (ii) the production level that
13. A plane flies horizontally at an altitude of 5 km and passes directly over a tracking will minimize the average cost; and (iii) the minimum average cost.
telescope on the ground. When the angle of elevation is π/3, this angle is decreasing b. Show that if the average cost is a minimum, then the marginal cost equals the
at a rate of π/6 rad/min. How fast is the plane traveling at that time? average cost. (Assume that C and c are differentiable on their domains and that
14. The minute hand and the hour hand of a clock are 4 inches and 5 inches long, their minima, if any, are not attained at the “tails” of their domains. )
respectively. How fast is the distance between the hands of the clock changing at 4. a. If C ( x ) = 16, 000 + 500x − 1.6x2 + 0.004x3 is the cost function and p( x ) =
3:00? 1700 − 7x is the demand function, find the production level that will maximize
Local Linear Approximation and Differentials profit.
b. Show that if the profit is a maximum, then the marginal revenue equals the
1. Estimate the following using LLA/Differentials.
marginal cost. (Assume that the cost and demand functions are differentiable
a. (2.001) 5 2 on their domains, and that the maximum of the profit function, if any, is not
c. (1.01)4 (8.03) 3
1 attained at a “tail” of its domain.)
−
b. (1.001)3 + (0.999)2 + (3.998) 2 d. cos 44◦ (express your answer in
terms of π)