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F.M Unit-2

Fluids mechanics notes.

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24 views

F.M Unit-2

Fluids mechanics notes.

Uploaded by

viveksingh7655
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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UNIT- 02 re Fur KINEMATICS «J < 5 oP . 24s Hb Sve ore OF. Oe 4 OE oF o, GA=0 [es age we owebate] UNSTERBY FLOW %- Flutd flows, ix Seid te be unsteady af Oe Cum Point in ta flouiiig fluid vany ere or fluid ti ustion wohauge avi Hue Bixo or Bhto Neloaty eq ae tts form EE ae rbat | UNIFORM FLOWS i= Wiha dla aulecity of flow of fluid alos ee te oe eae Pilg «| Het Yow au ord. Se be suslenn. Vo iy uth tine Js build veomatait anol S muprsouts vom direction 6 digplo.comens® Sms Sw Sm Smale OL fluid ekerants. 7 7 & “Two DIMENSLONAL FLOW ce) “Taree DIMENSLONAL FLOW ~ www wrvruvuvuvwye NON- UNIFORM FLOW! i+ 4] tbe velocity of fore of uid vehauges pen pat eat ee Ob wy Grstant , the flinur is said te be wor suuferm S:) 22 | Hr plow of tiqacte uucle purscire -thycough Leug fapelline, 2 Manyhug whiner 6 Nen- turifern flere. Se Huot ay of Ale four type e| wombinakione of flow as pesachle - @ Ateady — rwiform flows wy Bbeady ~ pet Be CA) Muateady mon sur pee exe Flow sf piquid Hsoughy wa bug. Pa ue 7 aed ee a ee Buguict trough 0 Tou oe cawe suas ceorucaing make is wmatenctyy Fk cs stag a npg peat os coat pa heady CON : Bias WES aon oe eS ae 4b, 2, AND SD FLOW i> a wardous whovioalodatin of flountig phd arcs 0% Jruogire, davatty , Juupeotine ote aur in gearol fe hos 4 Apacs somal teat be cblar ano MOY with dle eoerdinodes of ouuy pins x,y aud 2 aud fut - dul ww flow te duowne vase s-b flew. 6 Sf ony of Huan horactouinties of flousing flail loss mot ory avilh ruapeek te fire dbun ib twill be 0 dheneliy Auer dimensional flow - ‘ VWhin the asartious, vehasactentsti of plounig flict are’ the functions ef only omy two cf dle thew 2oosdlinale eluctions vane Hime L5 Fe. Abuan may meat wosy on vay out of ke dif ditection Han Ala How ix desounn ves tuo - dimansioncad flew - When Une Atorlorrds, whasonteritics of flousig fluid ave Qu fometions of only one Gf Ue thus vesorctinate cLiceations | Oud fame ty ce. thes mmoy rtany only th, Ore director, Man Mu flow i kuoumn ad ole cinenatonal flow. | “Tre OF Plow . DNSTEADY ‘steaay : Sh flow vef Guy) xb) ve $ (ug) a-d few ve ft (ye) ve f(y) dubssuie wnertodywamies MACH NuMBER :- dk is stip o] tecol flow selecity te He woiue, eledity an de Buia Geustotty fer Mach, mumbes M ot. a ax > we LEAL Vea ay = Qt Rte fans vat petit (X6, Yo) amd ab t= % ay Qu = —-U aud ot TAs 2 Ot Wade aa \ ay> ta, Le we + td Yee ak, oH) Fer ateady flow A=0 Guys: Nha nighooity diabulbution por a Hue difmindonal flow ts yee ay We ont + ayj- 2azk Find Ake equatieu of strcin iu pacalee toe 2 fesition vector Bea zit y+an Asks oe = sy. dz v w ME OK, VEOH, Z= —2az Passing Horougly ale fosiut (212/4) dee dy. de at “ae w we wy wk Ww oy ee on Y wewuvvvvvV Vv VvUvUUvUVv Ue eUOwCOrNrUw uw Uw UYU YYT UY Ants Lope (yee) Passing vous @ed - ge C= axS4 Faasiug ahscougte (2,2) Gi Y ge axe = z © [=e] -@ eel tok O2 OD Meee [S Anger = = Np doge= + Lae c e=4 Awd B no i z * CONTINUITY EQUATION IN CARTESIAN Co- ORDINATES Consider fluid clement (Corbi! value) ~ faratlelopificd usitl idles dx, dy, aud dz as skoun in +9 Lae, Pe laos dauelly of Ue fluid oto fenabinutar Grotrace- Uri = seompoud of welosity flaw erdocing ‘Martti Joust A Ma porallubefipec « Rade of moos of fluid euderuing se face ABCD = dx Muecity ite a- cibeetion Orca 6] Abc =f dy dz a0} Rat of ruaos of fludt Leawhig Ale fowe Erau e pvayde + B (fu cty de) de -@ Mle qeee sic Avags per Lud Hine ule te flow th oe diswetion vis Gwen by udiffoanes be alu fluit Crdereiieg ZL loonivg Laas waccunulededl per unit sie cur fe flew an 2-ctirectn oO-®o S Judyde - (fudyde +2 (fudy tz) dx eos & Uy) & ay de —@) Biull ry ud = cliuation = operas 20 ee —~@ wWy-dirtetion ie (Jw) & ay da -@Q tw Zz dircetton &, etok go a [lui macs fer suit for pluric oloug 7) eo ordinates nb @+@r+9O ee [Blsenay ee +N) ax 4 det (dw) doe dy de | > - [g.49+ a6) +B U9] dye —O Rote of change of moss of dle foonotictepiped (coutuel vetuse) = 2 (fday de) —-@ =" GD zGmy we get — [RDB (eg Oey] 3g Be UAE 2) + Bt 48 (4) +38 - D -Giy equi) B cthe vgtucseat equcition. of vepuinuity tu Hues - dirnaion, seul is applicable te uy sLyps e| flow and vag pluie whether Condoutasiole oy btecripccositle Por steady flow (21 - 0) 1 He pudprecosible fled fe Couatard: fee frou equ (i) tre gut a ov 4 Bw + + =O for op flew ayy For an “Hou , we ger i fer 3-D flour ou Bu ackespeoting Ut Gee Me Constant MH de ova of flour is A Haw du pote of flow ts B= Ave CBhatauk fer ateady fove ACCELERATION oF A FLUID PARTICLE Z- a= Ze cyte ay rae tal = Joe + agro ax= du, ay= a, ae (x1y x4) > y ou g aie Ny. a Bade Bade ot axe dae BY. dnp Buy eB + Be. ge x dae Boe OS SS Be ae oy, OW pv Ou de 8 Ox. ee Ob Bet ae Me u BW, yaw yw dP, ee oy oe oa Resutkauk Velocity V= Jutta Reautiant acceleration 0= Jaan} oy rar Qx= u $4 8 3 at’ age ge + oe ue Couveetne ace pepter eeae “Teal aeek = Convtetwe vee! + Temporal deel has opucsions Bor BY or BS sappucns sta rato Hocaas Bf muulediy ausith suspect Je drs vase ov -posttalina jpodel dhe Plow woud unc i dc fucwn woe Lecat ose or temporal me She lidug cours we dese expsiiosions pupsoamts athe sabe ee of locity dus to ala pantinlaly ehauge af posiitor Ukener ft ds kunwi ws Convective vocer Dyes of Rous ees J Aleady & wnifoun ae a a eodry pane sie zoe a extats rem 3 Uneteady £ sulform ae Jnadeodig: 4 MBuciuiform ssn TANGENTIAL AND NORMAL ACN f= < Es anh m Mapua cle dowgentiok vowel wounal cbbctoone, Hohl ak any Baelgun Su EVs awd Va be Vu eoimoveids aulority aloug tangential cud momar dictions supatay. tan, vex f (Smt) £2 Vane fa (Sint) ‘ha vase Os ond an Jue dhe -bugeutial and ts adsunar olivetime mong te expusoted. so% as= BYE and an= Avo tla ougartiad vacodtation ux cluvelefed fora flat franteh. uslen the auaguiluds ep Alu riuledty velonges will suopset te Space omde chs. Ou dle sther oud, o. moxumat cnceelnatin Wa tangential compound of Mu voce cis duu to the chasge Le dha rmaguitude 9} velocity oloug tu tandan Oud te mostra comporsick oh Ue acct als clus de dle. volamge. ste abe dituctiow of velocity ntockmr. noiiig Sta portent, difjerudtintion the foloh er gubstautiat, cenvabves DEE Onc e bHUS Heap Tu “Ohigieds a vse f (smd) & Vee f (s,m +) de. QWs, ds 4 ONS dn DNs te du. Bg AE a Se ge Nw Avy, dn y Wed cud AYO, Be ABE GEA Ge a So fet Mos voli Uo O Vs oe Be —@ Qn= Vs a 42} —@ ot rds shou te de by fuem tla deoregh AOR, ds=Hds ond trufagle ppt, AVn= Vda dg: ds. Be Kh Vv n Ms i a tu C aXe ¥ nz tudich He as dhe stadins q cunatine ef Ue chants, Pak Nu salar of We in aco eqn @ we gee i Qn = MF 4 Bvo v co > Fox steady flax thot is me Aiguirdion of Aulectly Lule seroforee Mig £ BNL g at at => Ruwulert fer steady flow Shere enlats ory convective aeatu Ao, Hu rrosunol eonveetive waco is deualopid erty af tha fluid flows clay veusved poof, S that dle dhucindlivss ae Cured ally TYPES OF ACC" foR DIFFERENT TYPES OF STREAMLINE STREAM PATTERN u: at porolll sco —_ — — 2. Straight eewverging Src hime — => TYPE of | ACCELERATION: No acceleration Monvctine . dongertio’ Lonvective: mouvol Both Acurgentiat aud mosunal, douvective Qeolventior PURE “TRANSLATION ° ANGULAR DEFORMATION PORE ROTATION Sf Ae Sane dabdetion, st nay ty ~culor was. about aw axis porate te z-axis as cudlapet . fo Haid elm of any peice P7917) eas Hu asabecity Coupewubs 16 WAV in © AUKY Hicetion. Louatder pee Hise doguevls PA anok PB of Aangth dx auc by, kotkcun potable de the x and ois Htapectivetey for the foals of vrovverunen > ‘fla velo ak A dn He ya dduetion ysill be (vt Be. dx) and ts aah Geb Re esi oe ee ma c i ; a MAUVE UII MIE, fh Ait AM be DA Pereira ° ywuvVvuvvvvvv vy vy ve ee Sivee te asetoctty at Pousl A jn dla 4- diction oe differut atlue tvtl be van augutor atelocity « developeol for Jkt tintar elunent pa Stinuitasuiy, Ok poink By ae auquateo- Welecitey Cleueteped- ter Ate dintar elem PB - New, ¢ clutaineg 1a time fntowol of dk Ue chunk PAL PO dw moued-, Melative te P, te run postin fA! and 7B’, Han tke auguior asilecity, Loin of clumuce pa abouk =o ls Wm = [wt ee: ax) -vJ bt dus clr Was bY toa sod pce frnilasly, Aa auqulor auclocity (Ora) of chenuent PB about 2-a2is ae Org= — BU. da oe, — a-§] ae st aoe pead face tt Shs) hae ben fitrouerst breauat Ma moter in de O de sustobion veompertrt abouk eury aris rmay dor deftiact Jinsor cbsmards in tle posilicle thar ove fu be ib b difiad | as Caulation per rwit arco, Fi, Geeutation Agar > Voscticity in Q Ateator quantity usloo clktetion pecpeucttoulay te the flare 6) Bo Amalh curve Hounocl wile Bu iroulation, Us Antone 2 Of Als vosdicitiy ds rue ot OL paint Jin wo Megide thu te ee ae @ gon ane velocity POTENTIAL FUNTION ?- Ya welority poteutioL (¢) (‘Phi!) is dapnedt ao 0 Aralar fumetivn Gf poor, oud Hime uch shes Jb mgative dudivative aust veh J jp cmp giiaucion, ies Aa fluid velociy in hab Lin uet Mathematicaly te aselecity potential bo diftind aa De f Crys2 8) for muattodiy ftovo d= f (aig Xd for Ateaoly flow: Mo sugar. gw lpi hahap. fume HEN Me Gesuaots tn He asaliss of 2 y euek x» An other words it Groton that plow i always in Hu idisuction Gf choenasieg a ; ‘ Por cw ticoypuosible fluid Y tla flow ir dleady the eqution st oudinuiby Je Gis Gage oo —® us “2 ive Be Hoya =80 i put teas Value t flovo in possthte oe i #2 (en) for > Bit he fe “+ Conta ea wiloloted- > Flow bs “mot posstbie- Further for 0 seotatioual flee Jlu Motdlion veomponuch ane Se is “4 (3-8) vee [ca 29-8C90) Wee | [- Bb 2. SP oxdy ox dy eons Met the weorduitiy ds satisfied . 2n Other Locale, redecty poteutiat elab ody for Guctatzonal pow of flsia. | Hours, of wow boistatroual ow i kus oo poteutial flow! STREAM FUNCTION (Y) (Psd) i ; Me soonue fuustion da dif woo Seale, function of- \ Shoo oud time duck dhot i postin lerivatin, wath ‘ wasp fe uy diwélion gis dle aulecity compounds ¢ ox suight omglie (ik Le weouscler olocrusioe clieestion) to thir dition he litiany fawatton for cla ence of two--dinrsint flow ouly S Couaiher hee. Prainmotscally Aun fwthion anny be dyfucd Ou - ye Sagi t) for smatenstey ftv arn AR ADR UVES v- Sy us ee | oe oY Bay s =O Bs BBD ? = = 2 ot + bo of pace au aud tine adifine Ik cuely anomer Wo= SB a (Ry *)] = ay, ae vine. t rene ay” CSE 4h OF satichies Loplose. eq oe * OG We 4 [elo (oeenos a fro 2s €® Drotationl case “2% Sf 2? does mst dato Aoplasr eq aw 4 Bey Bae Bye #O We fo, > flow de sestational, ware aelenty potest exiod gully for Seretettonal. hic: ac asain erick for notational as well o5 ddotilional: $4 atrwawe Juwckibn satiepiea faplace Gy. thon te fois har to bo Gerctitionad . (2) we kuow tat - equation 6 aiccam Line dz = dy a Vv Vax - Udy = 0 -O us - SF : a a 4 pu theae Vode im - © tates gee” oe BE de (RF) ay =o BH det ¥ dy =0 -O OF amp given thddact w= fF Oy) = 2 BPS BP set BP ag: For a pasdtoular cbwons fron , BY. dat BY dy=0 ay=o NOTE: fer o fositicular - BH ay a) We kucro that ays BP ae + Bh. oy aAx=0 4 oy = ey ay -©@ § Gay) = Couatant Qs f(xy) for Ateosly How Ags -dy —O § Be det BO 3y fr Spipetentiat. dina aS=o0 Pur runs Valus in eqn (D use get 29. gy = pe Ot By oy °O Be a Be Lon, Alope of Squlpetertiad Line = dyer 9 Equipotedtial der cual Lost Aberour fumation, Lines ore. etogoual, oy Perpetua te cash eter. CAUCHY— ReiMANN EQUATTON $- OX Oy “te: +B SP - BF | © Sinitasly, Ve “Sy . yer = Bese 2g ad a ox par gat ELEMENT OF Plow NET A flew nek fooulcts a imple graphical Leclusius for cluclying veunbesons be delve: MetHops OF DRAWING ROWING NET > “he fotowing rmutiocy ose aed for comunleg flows a> 1. ANALYTICAL METHOD (oR MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS) 7— wHow, stu equations img Ap Ake vouseves GJ and P flew mie foattoa for dhe flour of fluid by vba gon cbeunclosuy shape. his meld ean be vofplieal fe faebluns sith imple onc ideal boundary couditions - 2: GRAPHICAL METHOD +— + wqtapideal omitted wonais of uaintng Mu muthed Lo pragtzeae method of dreaming va fleur > de ie based ow Ake foot sho she plo of fluids auc flows of elretrticily Arrough. vo Wenducter ase analogous. 4. HYDRAULIC METHODS :- » Stucom Ling con for bumted, by Oyecting adye ee ~ Aurpage auedal ov febashoso oppascatus + tr by hamish epipetental hay athe flor mek USE OF Flow NeT :- + Alo hitenmine the Aub Sen tenes Buch U6 OU, (lll EE ean, poren, eegy, rower one dour am danitedl quantities or deondary- , , ) ) 7 ) ) , So Ml poumasey quantities osu, mons, frgile dime aud demperotuce, 7 ? , > . ie " Quantities. @: MerHops of SIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS =~ Fettousting two mmithocs of climansional amalyysis ove qoute Ada o Row tng Mellroct ®) Buckingham HW - method RaylelGH MemHob 2- Xlub mulled 6 diminsionad onatysis 1202 preoposee. by oud. Royleyly in 1899, for dateuninig tha effect of Aemperatioe OK the auiseosity e o gee - abe f (11%. ~~~ -~ %n) Bids oo Aependonk arosuicbte shite W¢ ) X21 %3 ait oe. Rev! Oper Mcebrndent sdsulables A dependence apostate, » tHe Cur Aboud whiel thfowmollion Ja sugquibed ushile trdspewdeut Asasuatles coe thoce slik govern the Araserition of, dspeudeut : Ka (a aoe) du uslusho ub dimewlertleoy comatuce anliole roy be dstwuminid eBher prom Ut phuceal whasocteatics of the eprcblum or fuom expuiimenial smeaourements - ext- fer o faminar flow un wo Pipe ctlu fooare devoh or bo fusetion of pp feng L 1 dlometerD , Velocity V anc viueosthy JI ning Reybix matiods davelobed and. eptursio fer ae. ee NAme 7 sa are f (LD vu) al PCE (ue oh vt uh) “65 PM uy wa rte mans (L)2(L)" (LTS (meta) PEWVVVVVYVYVYUVYUWTU UU YU BT evry ~~ ~ morte patted peed yt Limenaiouat /homogeuity equating eth sido a=} atbte-d= -! te-d= -2 ott (ot <1 ct+d a2 abst pe lee c=) Put dhess value tu <4 O we get - Ap. Ope ut = a aeek L wy DPp= K L® Vv BeBe are Kav (BY apaal SEVNYVVYVYYVYvVUI VuY ywry ~~ er 3 2 29 > -(¢B- ax+7y) Le ae an -7y ve “Rte yr 4 VO 4 FO Lo oe an OY" oe aps aly A- 37 °° oa = id sem - aro = - ay 42 “O ‘ We wutecity freteutial P= S(a2-4*) ealentate tht velocity wok eink (as) BD = 10% On ep - ~ 104 °4 pe - 22 = -10%e = - 40 wits = — BP 2 oy meer eens = so unite ay por a two WEsuucioual fpetertiol peur the Velocity spotentiok is givers by P= x (ay). Sebouniin He velocity, ee Ak oink 415): Acteuae wales the valur of cteraue Piuction WW ak de point P. te 7 ve a = (24) v= ow ve - Sb = -2x Om yf Wa Velosity wmpousue di wo cup dinuncibual fpowr fitted for duu ducompurasibh, four wm P+ ax- x24 aud v= may Dy - -2 blow au, aprrodien Be [ap] = Gry) ed = NEE (ae ay7™ arayin BF Gay). - 2 (sp) oes t)~O-2% 24 (eay?)” g = O=-2 id 274 eae ND ay) vy = 2 tay a - 2 (ay p)xo- GET pads ee . Cesy)™ Gea) = a fs - & (p] Gert y?) x I= (y+ 2g) Get Un) NE HE See Getyy = {oa ae ° (x49?) [tay Jaap ee Pea? —anyt (2 +y) a = 273, Qo * Gea) (Geag?)™ sf > 43 — 2 On = ay 2 2h an = wap)” = & ev Oy Mt On “Garp [Z4.]+ ep _ caey 4 2 Ww a2 ay” xb ye @D we 2x i (22497)™ 7e-y* wey (-y?)* SY Ala velocity field ds qian aby w= ('6y- 99) 2 v= (¢y-79: Aid tue eiteutation asroud de eloancd veuswe. Aapeie tty? oon Bea, gee HO, yr r= f (udrtvey) Ap Citation = Nerticidey > Anca x : (ov Be S (5 7) . 2 leg Fd - & ("6y-8 = (0-4 )-16 - 7-16 - 23 " " ie Wi Mulecity eomponuks for ua Plulch flour bs Q4by- Cz, ve d-br-ez, w= f+ x-ey usture Arby cot ES Oe wonataut . flud shat OS Hak Gk ie a peositte “eet feud flow D ts jhe fluid Row dewtetional? If mob, dubounine He ventici ty aud petation. ‘ using wontinuth; ei au, Wy WW 20 Be or By = BY (d-bx-ex) _ 2 larby- oe nee Py 24 =o =O 2B (F+c%- eg) oz Heuer, flow 11 porsthle. 20 8 KN: = teed k Bi» 12 | ox BY 02. uw Vv Ww i . & a = ; 2 Es de (a-sby -cz) (a br-ez) (¢- ee) "" le (onap- (oe edg fe ffBlrenep-lov- | «(ale br- ez) - (a+by- - cz) 2 | anv U6¢46) 7 O94 LD = 2cf~ abk ‘ge mons Svetational flow . AXN = avVZO Veuiciky = AX ee 2ef- abit. = - 2.4? Rotation Versticisy = oo ww = Vessticity: /2 _ -2 fez +7 ‘4 team junction dk gisen by Fa Rx yo Metesmine He magnitude oud dpuction of Aelocity vtomrfonart wat He feoinct (2,1) = 738 we oP N= ay Oy = 2 2_y3 . -2 ax-y3) Zax qo , 2 = 2Re = 0-3y vs x -@ we — By? -O magnitude a= Sx v= are ues ae. Reonthant ve Jvaw = S964 = S43 w= 9:54 wit Abauclion Taye of = Tonto 78 & = Taw! (%) dp she dbuam function Y = [2G Aeaceetbe wo pho Bar determine the polnk cok tusbuche tee Autocity veetsy Dhow wo puceTAicle S512 LUTE (OU Oe: aunte of 48°. Ghun- VeQ , We Ao o= 45° @ rs, oe, a 4 = i a ve OU = 8 (SExy) = By TTA & = “ ¥ u Teas = TZy cas Ja +2y> ae yes for a two dinunatoral Hour p= Say & Y= 1-5 (y?-2*). fiuct, alu welocity weomponert wok clu point pl, 2)e 9 (2/3). Aloe pit dw saat brbuseon Bu cbuwone Line Passing Horouge [FI ae de gue : gfe L100) ae “Se “OF us “2 Gry) ve Be eny? we 34 ve - 3x ae aoa ve Be = By [rs Cy 2] Mees aly 5 (ya) Wes (ye. 2) yy = ies (ytee) ‘ = hs (9-1) Ai etg hy) _=hsxe HE SS 62 M-% = Rt peas MI

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