Answers to Student’s Book exercises Chapter 1 Negative numbers, indices and roots Exercise 4 ae b. -5 et a5 e. -72 7 9. 55 hoot 2 a 24 b. 70 © -72 a. ~42 3. a Eg.-2x(-8),(-4? bd, Eg. 2x (-3),-1%(-6), ¢ Eg -5x4, 10x (2), 32+ (-2), -64+(-4) =12 + (-2), -36 + (-6) 40 = 2, 100+ (-8) 4. a 88 x (-47) » 90 x (~50) = 4500 b. -37 x 286 = 40x 300 = -12.000 88 x (47) = 4136 "7 x 286 = ~10582 ©. -228 + (-12) = -200+ (-10) = 20 d. ~704 + (~22) = -700-+ (-20) = -70+ 228 + (-12) = 19 (2) = 35 ~704 + (-22) = 32 5. a, ~4020+79 ~ —4000 +80 = ~50 b. B13 x (-907) = ~800 x (900) = 720 000 4029 +79 = 51 ~813 x (-907) = 737391 ©. ~6204-+ (66) = 6000+ (~70) = 90d, 739 (136) = 700 x (—100) = ~70 000 6204 + (66) = 94 739 x (136) = ~100 504 6. Use the calculator to find 581 x 779, which is the same as ~581 x (-779) 7 a 49 b. 36 © 727 a. -8 e. ~1000 64 3.0 h. 450 8 a. 8832 b. 1024 ©. ~1030301 4. -2401 9. a. False. -5%(-7)=35 —b. False. (2)? =4 ©. Tre 4. False. (-3)" = -27 e. Tue f. False, 3 x2 x (-5) = 30 10, Possible answers: 468 + (~18) = ~26, ~468 + 18, 26 x (—18) = ~468, -26 x (—18) = 468, 468 + 26 468 + (26) = 18 11. a. Always true; the product will be positive and b. Nevertrue,e.g. 3x2 thus greater than both negative numbers. &. Always true; the quotient will be positive and d, Sometimes true, e.g. true for 10 = thus greater than both negative numbers. not true for 10 + -2 = -5 26, 26 x 18 = 468, ~26 x 18 = ~468, 18, ~468 + 26 = —18, 468 = (-26) = ~18, 12. a b.Chapter 1 Negative numbers, indices and roots Exercise 2 1. a -Sand9 b 100 and 100 d. 20 and 20, 2 a -3 4 a. -12 3 a, Tue True 4. True e. False 1. False 9. False h. Tre Vi= Fis not a real (3)? = -27 number 4, a, Possible answers include: ~4, ~10, ~25 (any negative number) btand-1 5 a 8 bo «5 a -12 a, 74.63 b. 3.21 ce. 823 d. 3.05 7. The calculator shows an error message (e.g. ‘math error’). -100 has no square root, because there is ‘no real number that squares to make a negative number. 8. -¥50, V=50, V50, VSO 8. (2)! = (-2)"7 + (-2) = -131 072 = (-2) = 65.536 10. a. A positive number can be made by squaring a negative number or squaring a positive number of the same size (e.g, 3° = 9 and (-3)* = 9). 'b, Because the product of positive numbers is always positive, ©. One, because V0 = 0 (so there are no separate positive and negative square roots). Exercise 3 a3 be ©. 5 qd. 2? 2. 6 £718 2 b. 315 2 EY 7 2 2 3° | 3" (or 3) 2 2 2 3. a, 38 b. 3° c 4 d. 6? eo SF £7 4 a 2F b 7 c 8” 5a 6 . 10000 000 et 4. 68 237 1 16 6. a 3% db. 58 c. 6" 7. c)andd) 8. The two bases (2 and 3) are not the same. You cannot write 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3. asa single power. 9. No. The correct answer is 25, because 2? = 2x 2 and 2° = 22% 2, 80 2823 = 2x2K2x2K2 10, Jake has multiplied the indices instead of adding them. The correct answer is 3°*7*? = 3° 11. a. 36x 1296 = 6? x 6 = 6° = 46 656 b. 7776 +36 = 6° +6! = 6! = 216 12a 2 b. 2° 2 d. (27 13, a, Bx2*=2? b. 24x64 ©. 64429 =2?Chapter 2 2D and 3D shapes Consolidation exercise 1a x]s|> 8 | «0 | -22| -56 9 | 4s | 26] 2 6 | 20 |-2 2, The last column and row can have diferent answers, depending on the factors chosen for 20 2 a -64 b. 36 ©. -10 3. a. Always true; positive times positive = positive, and negative times negativ positive b. Sometimes true, e.g. true for 3? = 27 but not true for (~3)" = -27 Always true; a square will always be either positive times positive or negative times negative, both of which are positive 4 a xs 38 b. stxst=57 co 6 x6tx6 & gages? 4 Mata 9B (ot)? = 9” 5. 2° =1,not 0. The correct answer is 2° x 2 = 16x 1 = 16 6._Keshini has not used a correct index law. To use the index law for multiplication, the bases must be the same, 23 x 4? = 2° x (28)? = 2° x 2" = 27 7. a 8=2 and 128=27 20 i. 12848 bi. 8x 128 il, 8x8 x 128 = 213 Chapter 2 2D and 3D shapes Exercise 4 1. a) AB b)AB,C c)none d)A eo) AB 2. Parallelogram, rectangle, chombus, square 3. Perpendicular to each other 4 Fhombus rectangle rite isosceles trape 5. a) (true (ijtrue (iijfalse (Wv) false ») (il) false because a rhombus has 4 equal sides, a rectangle does not necessarily. (iv) false because a kite does not have any parallel sides necessarily. ‘There must be a pair of equal angles. Max is correct, as you can only make a parallelogram or an isosceles trapezium, neither of which have perpendicular diagonals, 8. Ithas two pairs of equal sides, a pair of opposite angles equal and diagonals are perpendicular. 9. a) A trapezium only needs one pair of parallel sides. _b) All parallelograms are trapeziums, 10. a) No, eg. a thombus also has two lines of symmetry _b) He is wrong, a rhombus also has this property ©) All sides are the same length im Exercise 2 1. a) hexagon b) decagon 2. a) 5 b) 14 8Chapter 2.20 and 3D shapes 3. a) Aregular nonagon has 9 lines of symmetry b) Only f t's regular, otherwise it could have none. «) No, a cross shape can have rotational symmetry of order 4, but not be a square. 4) Only its regular otherwise it could have none, 2) sometimes true, ifit's equilateral b) true ©) true 5. No, a regular 13-sided polygon has 13 lines of symmetry and rotational symmetry order 13 6. a) ike b) There are an infinite number of such shapes. aS 7. No, he could have drawn a star shape, for example se Exercise 3 1. a) V= 12, F=8,E= 18, giving 12+ 8-18 = 20-18=2 b)V=6, 10, giving 6 + 6 - 10, 24, giving 16 + 10-2 4 3 a 1% 70 @ a 7 5a) Yes b) 6 6. Because 6 + 12-10 = 18-10 = 8 and not 2 7. He is correct if the shape is a polyhedron, but ifi’s not a polyhedra he could be wrong, Exercise 4 1. a) 28.30m b) 23.2cm 6) 393m —d) 166.5 mm 2. a) 31.40m b) 264m 6) 38.3m —d) 232.5mm 3 ay b) A ©) D 4B 4 680m 13.6 em 42.7 om 580m 11.6 om 36.4 om 2.1m 42m 132m 67mm 134 mm 427.0 mm 5. a) Always true b) Sometimes true; any circle with a diameter less than 0.95 cm will have a circumference less than 3 cm. ©) False 6. 2545 cm (nearest cm) 7. Yes, 1 * 12 = 37,699... which rounds to 38 8. a) 9.2cm b) 24.8 om ) 38m 4) 40.7 mm 9. a) 6.0.cm b) 15.4.cm ©) 33m. 4) 34.5m 10. a) 4398 cm b) 455 14.31.4mConsolidation exe 41. a) rectangle or square b) thombus or square ©) kite 4) parallelogram, rectangle or square e) square or rhombs Chapter 3 Collecting data 2. a) parallelogram or rhombus b) ifthe side lengths were equal then it would be a rhombus 3. Diagonals are equal in length and perpendicular > square Diagonals are perpendicular but not equal in length > kite Diagonals are equal in length but not perpendicular - rectangle Diagonals are not equal in length and are not perpendicular > parallelogram Statement 4is never true “ine of symmetry no line of symmetry 5. a) regular pentagon ») regular heptagon 6. No, it must have the same number of lines of symmetry as the order of rotational symmetry. ca 8. No, since 3+4—6=1 and not 2 9. One example: V = 8, F= 4 10.7 cakes ‘11. No, because large circle circumference is 15.71, small citcumference is 7.85, total for one piece is 18.7 + (4 * 7.85)= 47.11 om. With 1 m of wire, she can make only two pieces. Chapter 3 Collecting data Exercise 1 @) primary) primary) secondary —d) primary __—e) secondary 2. Cathy's method may be more reliable as it would give more data and a greater variety of students. Andrel's method would be much quicker, but the data would not be as reliable. a) True b) False ©) False 4, a) AandC —_b) The best methods are Method 2 and Method 4. ‘The questionnaire is going to be the best method. Data from the internet is not relevant to students in Zlakto's school, and asking every student is not practical. 6. Itis not possible for a person to count the number of people in a country. The internet is likely to give reliable and up-to-date information about the population in her country. 7. a) For example: Which month in the year is warmest? ) secondary data ©) For example: The data from the internet is most likely going to be for a neighbouring city, not her actual village. The temperature in her vilage may be a litle different. 8. Question A ‘Advantage: Quick and easy to answer. Disadvantage: There is nowhere to give more detailed answers, Question B Advantage: You can go into more details about what you think about the facilities. Disadvantage: It will be harder to analyse the results. 9. a) twill be quicker! more convenient that interviewing face-to-face. 'b) People may give more truthful answers if taking to someone face-to-face,10, Various answers. @) For example, Method 1: She could interview people face-to-face by stopping people in the street. Method 2: She could give out questionnaires. 'b) For example, Interviewing face-to-face may be more suitable as it wll be more convenient. Chapter 4 Factors and rational numbers Exercise 2 1. a) Forexample, to get accurate results. ) For example, to make it easier for him to analyse the results. 2. Arandom sample should be representative, and will aways be quicker to do. 3. Method 1, because she should got a more representative mix of customers. (People using the ‘supermarket on a Thursday evening are likely to be diferent to those using the supermarket in the morning, The freshness of the vegetables may also vary during the day), 4. Method B is best. The students are chosen randomly. The make-up of the sample matches the make- up of the school (with 4 times as many boys as gis). This means that the sample should be representative of the students in the school ‘5. She should record the mass of every 100" biscuit. This will ensure that she can keep checking that the machine is producing biscuits ofthe correct weight. (The biscuits in a packet would all have been produced at about the same time.) 6.) For example, ask a random sample of fans from a list of club supporters, ») For example, the people attending the match vill all be people who can afford the ticket prices. The club should also ask fans who do not come to many matches as this might be because they think they are too expensive, Consolidation exercise 1. Evie and Hester and using primary data; the others are using secondary data, 2. a) The age of each person. ') Primary data — he is collecting the data himself 3. Pasting a questionnaire is the most efficient method since face-to-face interviews with everyone would take far too long,4, Accept either method with a valid reason For example: Method A. as it will be easier for her to analyse the responses because they will be ‘summarized electronically For example: Method 8, because people will be more likely to lin the questionnaire if they are given itin person, 5. a) Certain types of member will not be represented as children will be at school and some adults will be at work ») The sample will be representative of all the tennis club members as there are twice as many adults 1s children and because those sampled are being picked randomly. However, an even more reliable result would come from a much larger sample size. 6. Method 3 is probably the best method, as it means Finn's sample should be representative of the population (The other two methods would be more convenient. Method 1 may not give a representative sample 2s those that travel the furthest may be the ones that leave early. Method 2 may also not be representative as not every person in the stadium will uy food.) Chapter 4 Factors and rational numbers Exercise 4 4. 31,43, 47,59, 79 2. a, True.2x3=6 b. False. 10= 2.5, and the number does not have 8 as a factor. o. True. 3x4 = 12 d. False. 12 = 2x2 x3, and the number does not have $.as a factor. @. True, 15 = 3x5 f. False. 40 = 2x 2x2 x 5, (40 is a multiple of 2x2x5 20, not a factor.) Chapter 4 Factors and rational numbers 3. a 28 b. 60 a 245 4.72 e. 7000 £132 4 a. 2x5? b. 2x3? ce. 2x23 d. 3x5x7 e. 2x3? 1 2x3x5 a8 h. 28x37 2x5 iP x19 k, 3x59 Lo 2xatxat 5. a. 1,2,3,5,6,10, 16, 30 b. 1,2,5,7, 10, 14, 25, 35, 50, 70, 175, 350 Ba b. HOF = 22, LOM = 330 9, LOM a 130 4,LCM 2 a b. 32=2x2x2%2%2,24=2x2%2%3 HOF = 8, LOM = 96 © S0=2x5x5,60=2%2x3x5 d. SH=2x3K3K3,45=3x9x5 HOF = 10, LOM = 300 HOF = 9, LOM = 270 e. 2x5x7,55=5x11 f 72=2x2x2%3x3,80=2x2%2%2%x5 HOF = 5, LOM=770 HOF = 8, LOM = 720 8. Band18 9. a) 20 b) Sand 60 10. 2and 3Exercise 2 1 BeN 1,743,68 —D. 88, 1,68 1,68 b 3 b. -7 b. 09.3.3,4,4.11 ‘e.g. 0.7805, 0.781, 0.788 4. e.g, 0.9991, 0.9999 ‘Sometimes true, ¢.g. true for —3 x (—2) = 6 but not true for —3 x 2 =~ Sometimes true, e.g. true for 8+ 4 = 2 but not true for 7+ 3 = 2.33 Always true, by definition. ‘Always true, by definition. Always true, by definition. Numbers that can be written as fractions are called rational numbers. These include positive and negative whole numbers, which are called integers. Positive whole numbers are called natural numbers. Consolidation exercise 1 2, aL 2x2 2x3 (0r2? x3) li, 2x2%2%22(0r25) b. Bem ©. 4 packs of cups and 3 packs of plates Examples include: a 3x7=21orSx11=55 b. 2x3x5=300r2x3x7=42 © 2x2%3x5= 60 0r2x2x3x7 = 84 d. 2x2x2K2x3= 48 Or2x2x2K3x3=72Chapter 5 Expressions 3 4, True. ‘The product of the HCF and LCM includes every prime factor ofthe two numbers once, 5. a. Te b. True co. True d. False e. Tue Tue 6 a. eg. -3-050r-2 b. 1,20r3) &. -2,-1,0, 10r2 Chapter 5 Expressions Exercise 1 1. a) expression ) formula 6) equation 4) formula ©) expression ‘) equation 2. Inthe equation 2n-3=7 3. a) w= 14-1 and d)y=3x+7 4 ysx-2 9 y=3e2h 5. a) i) average spec ii) ii) Pressure = (a+ b)h Serta area b) Students’ answers will vary 6. Itis an equation because n can only take one value. 7. Students’ answers will vary Exercise 2 a) -16 b) 21 ¢) -24 d) -13. e) 29 2a) 4 b) 12 0 d) 13 e) -8 a) -1 b) 5 27 d) 14 e) 14 n° 98 hy 27 y+ p13 k) 35 1) 24 4. a) 2 b) -7 3 d)-1 e) 17 f) 60 g)8 hy) 3 i) 32 )-3 k) -14 1) 46 5. a) multiplication b) division c) brackets d) power e) brackets 6 a) 50) 26 at a) 61 e) 48 No g) 27 nh) 7 7 xy 2 Benz? aety 8. The correct calculation is:Chapter 5 Expressions Exercise 3 1. a) tat 216 b) y+ oy ©) ~6n 6) 42+ Sed e) 3g°- 129 f) 102 + 55r 9) 12@u—6tuv h) 18p? — 12pq + 24p 2 a) Gri2r+3)= 12 + 18r nar 3) = 12F + Or 2nlar+ 9) = Br + 18r b) 8r+ 18 = 2(4r+ 9): 6r+9 = 3(2r+3) 3. a) 7t+25 b) 7x-15) ©) 36m —6n 6) 20e-3F 4, 67? + 4nis the odd one out; all the other expressions are equal to n+ 4n 5. For example a) 4.and 2 have been added instead of multiplied (should be 8 not 6) b) and thave been added instead of multiplied (should be #) ©) 3rhas not been multiplied by -5 a) 109-3 b) e-4t ©) Mw wet 6) Tye + By 7. atband gata? aband4a—+a 2a" and 3ab— ab Baand12b-»4 — 12aand 16ab—+ 4a 8 a) 5 by ©) ar d) 3a e) 3p 9 a) 12y-32=4(y-8) b) 5p + 15q= S(p +39) ©) 18¢-6 = 6(3c- 1) d) @+t=at+ 1) €) 2a? + ab=al2a+b) 1) SR +7f=15F+ 7) 10.a) 8(2e-3) b) Sy + 22) ©) 7(3 - 2gh) 0) 6(2p + 4q- 1)e) Wh-1) f) x4y +3) 9) m(Sm +6) h) a(8- b-a) 11 a) 213r-5) b) 4p(2q+3r) —¢) 3K(3K- 1) d) Sw(3x - 2y?) e) ab(b- 2) 1) 3e%(2a-3) —g) 22k 1-Gu) ih) nm ~ 2m") 12. 6g? + 15g = 3g(2g + 5) 24g - 18 = 6(4g- 3) 13. For example a) The highest common factor is 2, so 2 should be outside the bracket to give 2(2g + 3) b) Since 2a? = 2a * a, the factorisation should be a(2e- 3) ©) The highest common factor is 9h, so the factorisation is 9h(2h + 5) 14. a) 2x(2x + y) 4x? + Oxy b) 2b Exercise 4 1, a) 3a+b b) 2weu c) 4xtyt+6 d) 4n+8 2a) x-w b) x+8w 3. a) 4a b)2c+a ©) 3e+ 4s +2a 4) 50-3 4. a) p+2t b) 2p+4t 5. a) 2-4g b) 08 ¢) 0.8 litres of water left 6. a) y~400n b) 2200g 7. a) 3(r+4)or3ar+12 b) 5(r+4) or Sr +20 ©) 6r+2(3r+ 12)= 12+ 24 8 a) 2m+3 b) 4m+6 @amr6 (@)am+9 9 a) = b) 12 10.a) 3 medium packs and 3 small packs, or 3 medium packs and 1 large pack b) 1 medium, 2 small and 2 large 11.a) 5n-14 » a ooChapter 6 Angles 2 b) 2004298 14. dnp grams 15. For example: a) how much they still need to save at the start 1) the amount ihe tree fends save altogether in one week c) the amount they still need to save after w weeks. 16.5(¢-#) 17a) (a+ bn—8h) kg Consolidation exercise 4. a) Gabriela is 3 times as old as Fabio. b) Henri is 2 years younger than Gabriela 2 Expression with brackets Exprossion without brackets a aa-3) 34 ») 2x47) be tae ° ‘afdy +527) By! + 20y2—28y @ dad + 10) 12a + od J & Gx-2y+x~ Tyand Bx By 2x + Mty~ 4x — 2y and 9y—2x 6y— 2x 3y— 4x and 3y— 6x + By~ 5x + y~ 2x and By ~6x 4, 6x~2y+ 5x + 7y=11x+ 5y (7y and 5x could be the other way around) 6y— Sy 7x + 4x = y—3x (By and 4x could be the other way around) 5. Numerous examples including: 2t2x%y + 9) 3y(8? + by) Gite’ + 3) 6 a) 6(2t-1) b) (Sa + 4) ©) 2ni2n-3m) 7. For example a) The number of miliitres of water she uses bb) The total amount of water minus how much she puts in the small glasses, in other words, the total ‘amount of water she puts into the large glasses ©) The amount of water in each large glass Chapter 6 Angles Exercise 1 1. a) alternate) corresponding —c) vertically opposite d) corresponding) vertically opposite f) alternate g) alternate h) corresponding i) vertically opposite 2. Diagram 3 3. Diagrams 1 and 3Chapter 6 Angles 4. a) x= 58° y=58° b) x= 60" y=60° 0) x=82° y= 98" 7=98° d) x= 95" y= 85° z=70" —@) x= 110" y= 115" 2= 70° 6 a) te b) false c) tue) true) false 7. a) a=50° (altonate), b = 130° (vertically opposite) b) ¢= 70° (corresponding) ©) €= 65° (alternate }, d= 75° (vertically opposite) 4d) f= 85° (comesponcing) aa) k bbe oi dh ee fe ga 9. No, angle KHF = 180 ~ (75 + 57) = 48°, not alternate to angle EGK 10. Ange gs Ke a _ 2 a as — — = 6 pie ad. 11. The lines AG and DF are parallel lines. They are crossed by the line GH which is called a transversal Anglos ABH and GEF are known as alternate angles. ‘An example of a pair of corresponding angles are angles CBH and FEH.Exercise 2 1. 1: they are altemate angles 2: they are altemate angles adte 4; d+ e+ care angles on a straight line. 2. a) a= 195"; exterior angles equal the sum of the opposite interior angles ina triangle. b)_Isosceles triangle means top angles are both 65°, so b = 180 ~ 65 = 115°, angles on a straight line. ¢ = 50°, vertically opposite angles. 3. a) The angle next to 120” is 60° because angles on a straight line add up to 180°. x exterior angles equal the sum of the opposite interior angles in a triangle, b) The angle next fo 85" is 95° because angles on a straight line add up to 180°. Missing angle in 360 — (145 + 95 + 75) = 45°, So x = 360 - 45 = 316°, angles araund a point add up 36° because c) The angle next o 80° is 100° because angles on a straight ine add up to 180°. Missing engle in ‘quadiilateralis 360 — (84 + 105 + 100) 4d) The angle next to 126" = 54° because angles on a straight line add up to 180"; angle next to 124” = 56° for the same reason, s0 x= 110° 4. a) The angle marked wis 106 because angles on a straight line add up to 180. b) 108 = 25 b)_ w= 114 because exterior angles equal to sum of the opposite interior angles. isosceles triangle two angles are equal. x= 180 ~ 114 ~ 42 = 24 Chapter 7 Place value, rounding and decimals 5. y=60,2=20 6. Interior ange, exterior angle, equal, opposite, alternate, corresponding, vertically opposite, anges in 2 triangle, angles in a quadhlateral, Exercise 3 4 | South 180" cy | West 20 [a10" © | East 0" 080" d_| Northeast = col | Southwest 2s |e 1__| Northwest ae [ser 2. A050", B130°, 6 170", D225", E260", F320" 3. Students’ own constructions 4 a) 050" 5) 100") 40") 320" 5. Alico made the ear, roading the angle anticlockwise from Noth 8. 245" Consolidation exercise 1. a) altemate —_b) corresponding _¢) vertically opposite 0". y= 120" b) x=70',y=80',2= 100") x=110',y=70", 120°, exterior angles equal the sum of the opposite interior angles ina triangle. b) The angle next tox is 83°, because angles in a quadiateral add up to 360". So x= 97°, because angles on a straight line add up to 180" ©) The opposite interior angles are 67° and 33°, so the angle next to xis 60", thus x= 100" 4. Yes, angle EFH = 180~ 153 = 27°, thus angle GHC = 85 + 27 = 112°. So, angle GHC is the same as GH, and so AB and CD are parallel 5. Students’ own constructions 6. a)040" b) 125° 0) 283°Chapter 7 Place value, rounding and decimals Exercise 1 1. a 03 b. 30 ©. 0.03 . 300 e152 1 0.159) 9. 0.02 h. 0.25 i. 16000 i. 28.4 k. 45 (or 45.0) L065 2 a 014 b. 0.0256 . 0.0128 . 3.22 e. 140 1 256 o 128 h. 3220, 3 a 10 b. 10 ©. 100 4. 100 4 @. He has muttilied both numbers by 10, b. He has converted the division to @ (making the answer 10% 10 = 100 times too multiplication incorrectly ~ he should write big). The correct answer is 0.08 9.5 x 100. The correct answer is 50 5. a 4x01=04 b. 12x0.1=012 ¢, 78x0.01=0078 ¢, 9=0.1=90 ©. 62+0,01= 620 f, 0,0485 +001 = 4.85 6 a 6.451% 0.1 = 4510x001 b, 560~0.1 = 56x 100 c. 38% 001 = 0,038 x 10 6. 62+01=0.62 +001 fe. 0.057 + 0.01 = 570+ 100 f. 030.1 = 0.003 +01 Chapter 7 Place value, rounding and decimals Exercise 2 4. a. Trepresents 7 tens b. 1 represents 1 tenth ©. Srrepresents § thousandths 4. 8 represents 8 ten thousands Rad b. 5 <8 4.3 3 a 35 b. 4 . 352 4. 35 4 a, 800 b. 700 <. 90000 4. 90000 e. 10 £7 9. 10 h. 0.005, 5. a, 013 b. 76000 e430 d. 0.068 e. 810 1. 800 g. 50000 h. 0.0020 6. 8 5.27 b. 1230 ©. 0.0825 4. 324 e. 27.400 f. 0.00402 9. 0410 h. 3200 a, 70000 b. 0.060 © 04 4. 79.000 a, 10000km b. 11.000km: ¢. 10800km a. 0.889 b. 2.14 e420 d. 19.4 2. 49.3 0.483 10. When rounding to 1 significant figure, he should not round to 3 and 2 significant figures first. ‘The correct answer is 3000. 11. Melis correct ~ the answer is 1000. ‘The second significant figure of 999 is the tens digit. 999 lies between 990 and 1000, and is closer {to 1000. / Round up the second significant figure (the tens digi) from 9 to 10. This equals 1 hundred ‘and O tens. There are now 10 hundreds. This equals 1 thousand and 0 hundreds. So the answer is 1000. 12. a. For example, 0.83 or 0.555 b. For example, 0.031 or 0.059 c. For example, 4.62 or 8.17Exercise 3 1. a) 0.2%4=08;02%0. b) p08 ip oB 0.08 ; 0.2 x 0,04 = 0.008 ii) 0.008 iv) 0.0008 2 a -2 b 42 © 42 6-18 3 a, 0.2752 b. 1.302 © 5.772 . 2752 8. 9.46 £429 4 a B1x1~3xt b. 54x032=5x03 31x11 =341 54 x 0.32 = 1.728 ©. 045 x 0.39 ¥ 05 x 04 6. 18x007 ~ 2x 0.07 = 0.14 045 x 0.39 = 0.1755 1.8 x 0.07 = 0.126 ©, 028% 63~03x6=18 f. 0.08 x 0.44 ~ 0,08 x 0.4 = 0.032 0.28 x 6.3 = 1.764 0.08 x 0.44 = 0.0352 9G. 0.13 x 0.04 0.1 x 0.04 = 0.004 h. 0.73096 ¥0.7x1=07 0.13 x 0.04 = 0.0052 0.73 x 0.96 = 0.7008 5. a -213 b. -2130 ©. 243 d. 0.00213 6 228 +06 = 20+ 0.6 = 200 +6 ~ 30 (or 33) 22.8 + 0.6 = 38 cups Toa 12 b. -20 © 40 4-60 8 S2+04~50+04=50044~100(0r —b.- 2240.8 ~ 20+08= 20048 500 4 (or 22 + 08 ¥ 20+1~ 20) 52+ 04 = 130 22+08=275 (Chapter 8 Presenting and interpreting data 1 @. 1004 08=~200+09=-2000+8~ — ¢, ~48-+02* 40-402 = —400+2 = ~200 ~200 (or ~250) 44502 =-220 =180+08 = 225 © 43e02e4e02=4062 £57 05~6+05= 605 4302—215 57 +05 = 114 a. 162+03 = 20+03=200+3 = 60 h 132406=1+06=10+6«1 162+03=54 132+05=22 9 a ~46+03~-50+03~-S00+3~-160 b. a83+05~90+05~900+5~ 190 (or-170) (or= 200) 46 + 0.3 = -153.3 ... = 153 (3 sf.) 88.3 + 0.5 = 176.6 = 177 (38.4) ©. 1232+ 09% 10+09~ 100911 (or 10) d. ~77-+08 » 80+ 08 = ~800 +8 = -100 1232+09 = 1868..=137 881) =17 + 08 = 9625 = -963 (381) 10. 2. They have tried to do long muitiplcation with decimals, by aligning the decimal points. (They should calculate 69 x7 and than place the dacimal point in the answer using estimation or ‘another method.) The correct answer is 4.83, b. They have taken 371 = 0.7 = 871 +7 (by multiplying only the 7 by 10). The correct answer is 371 +07 =3710+7 = 530Consolidation exercise 4, 230.1 = 0.23 and 023+ 001 = 23 2. mx O01, mx 0.1, m+ 0, m+ 001 3. Enrique is incorrect. For example, Phit's number could be 98 or 103. (The 1 and the frst Qin Phits rounded answer are both significant ) 12.6 and 0.508 5. a. For example, 4.151, 4.234 or 4.247 b. For example, 4.245, 4.248 or 4.248 6. a S2x02=SxO2=$1 — b 52x005~Sx005=$025 6 S2x18~Sx2= $10 52x0.2=$1.04 52x 005 = $0.26 52x18 = $936 7. 168-406 © 17 +0.6= 170+ 6 ~ 28 (oF 20) 168+ 06 = 20 8. 96+08~10+08 96+ 08 = 12 9. @. 190.01 fs 10 000 bigger than 19 x 0.01 b. 5.60.7 is 100 times bigger than 56 ~ 700 10. Example answer: 5.8 is 58 divided by 10 and 240 is 0.24 multiplied by 1000. So 5:8 x 240 is 100 times. ‘eater than 5B x 0.24. Multiply 13.92 by 100 to get 1992. (00 + 8 = 12 (or 10) Chapter 8 Presenting and interpreting data 1 Exercise 1 +. 9) [Height (yin | Tally [ Frequency Oehs2 1 Dehaa W aahe6 mi Gehs8 Ww Behe W b 3Chapter 8 Presenting and interpreting data 1 2. a) 3. a) b) 4, a) b) 9 10 Fo i « 20 fh ° alo brown the amber green Bye colour. a) ») a) ») od so 30 20 key ct [Women 100 0 Pencentage 0 150 Number 100 50 Zi coiidren walking kayaking climbing biking Activity Key Chapter 8 Presenting and interpreting data 1 [Dont support te / under 20° 20°40 over a0 ‘Age group Key Abeent TT Present Bos Girls Gender For example, more boys were absent than gisa) 84 by 154 ©) 10 9) April @) For example, the number of small sofas steadily increased. The number of large sofas decreased. £) For example, there are two variables (size of sola and month). A dual bar chart allows information about both to be displayed on the same diagram. a) 47 213 16 B=! a) 8% ») For example, Peru had the smallest percentage of unemployed people. Brazil had the greatest percentage of unemployed people. . a) 120 ») 9 ) Fiction ‘Non-fition Magazine [vs Os—<“‘C(C™‘C(P!OUOOUOUUUUOUCUSS [ois 2 6 16 d) 26+ 16= 42. One-third of the students in the school would be 40. So Harry is correct ~ non-fiction is the preferred type of reading for about one third of students. Chapter 8 Presenting and interpreting data 1 Exercise 3 1. a) Ker | sle=se ») elaszes ©) ta [2] 5125 als Bliases [3 Ble soa 2 a4 » £-2 ©) 139 grams @) 47 grams: @) 114 grams f) 111 grams. 3. 8) kop | 1/9019 ) 21 a [38 | aers pi iises als 48) 3b) 40% —c) ABem —d) Shem ‘Two conclusions, for example: none school ne one learned an instrument ‘The highest number of people learning en instrument was 52. ‘The range is 52 people. ‘The median is 25.5 students ‘The mode is 15 students 6. The madian for Sivia's data is 162 cm. This supports Silva's hypothesis3 14] = 140 seconds o134466788 133446 3 5 a 3 b) 15.1 seconds Consolidation exercise 1. a) Students 50 Number of days » » ” ° O 347 eq 1215 1619 2032 umber of ent Chapter 8 Presenting and interpreting data 1 ) Heighn meres % 2 Eos Em 1° ol "21304-44346 478 Heth (meted) 2) There is @ gap between 20 and 25 minutes; his inequality signs are not helpful because the exact value of 10 minutes could go in two different classes; he has not taken into account anyone who spends more than 50 minutes on a screen, b) For example: Time, F(miny Tally Frequency O— -3 | xa > y 2 4 3 0 4 4 INPUT, x | OUTPUT, y (e) INPUT OUTPUT 1 35 x—>f v6 LY us by 2 40 3 45 4 50 INPUT, x | OUTPUT, y (f) INPUT. OUTPUT 1 15 x—tous bez bey 2 3 . , 3 45 (the boxes can be either way round in (f)) a 6 ‘Chapter 8 Functions and formulae 3. a) » Input | Output Input | Ourpat t (2 7/3 W(? = ve [te 7 2 |6 =r ia [22 1 4. a) -2,0,2and4 » 6 it Pt] 4)! | a Oust [2 | as [1 | ae 6. No. She isnot correct. fia can work cut wha the input was by viding the output by 3 and adding 1 7 a) wor [oo "2 oureut bored go xats eeFunction Formula ‘Mapping diagram xe xtd e\—/* af orn Xtt yattt 7) (2 a Ge A) b) \ 2x a |+—| 4 ° as 45, J 18 a amend rw \——[ 2 b) xee2e45 ce) ri) 12. The missing value is 167 (the function is x1» 6x-+5) Chapter 9 Functons and formulse Exercise 2 a) Fa2tesD 1) 280m 2. a) P=b04 sb ») 90 3 a) Padesade 9) 62 A a) Peises32 Faa2e1se ee ee 6) 275°F = 195°C; 302F = 160°C: 305°F = 1628°C 74°F = 190°C 5. a) Bort crtect Cake has used w + instead of or the eng b) Students own ansiers @ a) C=35+02% — W) $590) 25km 7. a) ba1Ss008e003p 8) $1845) ABs a a) 900" ) Pentagon The only diferencais he delivery charge, so the dornce i $5 Exercise 3 ae ret raty 1a) bred ® Wy z= y43e 3y45b yy ne 0) x=S(y+a) p) x= 2(y-3b) ) y=4043) matches win x23 ©) y= +3 matches with A x= 51-3)daxage2 oo) ra2th gy vasyt2 5. Jasmine is correct. Anika has not multiplied 3 by 2 Consolidation exercise 4 INPUT, x ourTPUT. y @)—_- 44 |-——> 80 /———> 2. a)xw Ax-1) b)xesxea a) -28 b) 10 4 a)esy+7 b) x= 4-5) d)x=3y-1 (Chapter 10 Fractions 612 6.) Delverme : d = 5 +.0.25m PackagesRUs :d = 7. C=2{R-14)is the only one thatis not correct. + 04m Chapter 10 Fractions Exercise 1 He is ince, 27 8 Exer 1 a it+3d ‘a)_ Converting to improper fractions creates larger numerators than necessary. Converting to Improper fractions and then back to mixed numbers at the end adds unnecessary steps. b) For example: 62-32 BS a e 2 a. 2xiia2xie2 baer axite2? ax c xan2xdee 4. x32 ~10%3=30 4e7 1x3! = 32 e. sx2iasx t 2ixaeaxae9 sx2terst Chapter 10 Fractions 2 a dxta2xdns b. 3xitesx2-6 ax f adxtos1x10=10 1x10 =2 3. dxa=(1xs)+(x3) =338 4. a. He has not multiplied the 1 by 5. He has let 2as an improper fraction. b. ixsasetessit=otoriixsatxs=2 5. a sxzicaxe! v. sx2inaxat « 4. 2xit 92 tres Chapter 11 Length, area and volume Exercise 1 1a) 18 4088) 400 2a) 15 20) 30a) 500 3. a) 160miles 6) 400km ©) 30 miles 4. 185 miles 5. a) 1625) 25) 81.25) 156.25 6a) 576 0) 672) 1728 a) 436.8 7 96 hm, because 96 is @ multiple of 8 b A8xd=5x4=20 Ades 2 a. sxatesxa <2) but tis not alnays tue ithe c 8x ont Chapter 11 Length, area and volume ) 625 ) 16008. a) the number of km should be larger than the number of miles, so should be 160 km= 100 miles. b) the number of km should not be double the number of miles , so should be 37.7 miles = 60 km or ‘could be 30 miles = 48 km ©) we know 88 km = 55 miles, so should be 75 km = 47 miles or 85 km 9. ‘She had the km and miles the wrong way round. 10, 188 and 602 11.2) milestop,km bottom b) i 25miles i5km ii Around 7 km 42. Yes, but only just. 40 x 1.6 = 64 km. 3m Exercise 2 1. a) 160cm® —b) 8mm? —c) Bm?) 10B km? @) 150 om? 2 a) 70mm? —b) 30km? =) 28cm? —d) 2A cm?) SB mv? 4) 104.5 mm? 3. a) S0cm? —b) dame ©) 880 em? 4. No, she Is using the slant height instead of the vertical height 5. (0), (c) and (a) 6. Shape A: Area = 36.1 om?, Shape B = 50.6 om®, Shape C = 39.42 om? Shape 8 has largest area 7. Area of trapezium = 0.5 x (13 + 19) « 12 = 192 em? ‘Area of parallelogram = 9 x 8 = 72.cm¥. Fraction is 74 = Chapter 12 Probabilty 1 Exercise 3 “The possible values of other two sides ara 6 4; 12,2; 24,1; 3,8 a)45om? ——b) 225m?) 396 em* 27 om? A 2om ‘Yes, one is 90 cm, the other is 360 cm?, 90 « Cube = 8154.9 = 1080 on? Prismis ?x6x5 360 em? 180, 180 x6 = 1080 10cm Exercise 4 1, a)2340m? —b) 146m? —c) 103.0?) 360m? 2. No, surf 3. a) 240.0m* ) 86 om? ©) 65 mm 1) 252 m? 1) 2040 em? 4a) ») 5, side length of each triangle, triangle vertical height, lenath of prism, ‘area is not 6 times area of one faceConsolidation exercise 4.60 miles 2. 44a km 3. a) 120em? —b) hem? 4. a) Som? —b) 63cm? 5. a) Bam by 18m 6. a) 924m? —b) 504m" 7. 68m? Chapter 12 Probability 1 Exercise 1 1 08 oar 47% Mon 0.8, Tue 0.12, Wed 0.05, Thu 0.28, Fri 0.85 23 48 045, Chapter 12 Probability 1 10, Hannah is wrong. The probability only applies to days when it rains so the statement should be The probability thatthe bus will not be late on a day when itis raining is 0.25" Exercise 2 1. a) ») Pia) Piay= the experimental probabilities are almost identical to the °) theoretical probabites, 2.) Hemy 50 mes; Mason 1001imes by t °) PQ Pa=2 Pe PQ)= 2 P@) Mason: P(1)=22 Pe 6) Henrys dice is closest tothe thaoretical, and thus most likely fairer than Mason's. 3. a) t b) PU Paj=8 P@=Z Paya Pe)=z PE) ©) The probability = 0.167 (9d.p.) and #2 = 0.164 (9...) and all the other probabites are relatively close to, soit is mostikely afar ee 4 8) b) PUL Paez P@=z Payee Pi) = 2 Pe)= = ©) Thvee of the probabilities are close to theoretical, but the other three are quile removed from it 0, itis most likely a biased dice, 5 2)! ») 2 ©) Nobecause Sis twice as big.as which suggests the oe i biasedeet b) Talia PUy=# PeQ) Poy= Pa=2 Pak raya ©) Talia's ruts are closer tothe theoretical probability, so her dice is fier. 7. ‘Tariq has strangely based his statement on only one colour. Yellow came up more than twice green, 509 it ooks tobe based Pee Favor: P(t) = 32 8 a) ed ale or Bik 36 Ey m % Experimental F : ” ecient | ot 028 035 °. bb) The red and biack sections are most likely tobe the same size. Consolidation exercise ‘a. No, the team can also draw. bYes c Yes 4. No 2) 055 by 85 2) Tue —b) Tue) False, it shouldbe 0.35) Maybe tue) Maybe tuo ‘© HamercainsPubtanrs 2021 381(Chapter 13 Calculations 5. [umber shown onde Numberoftins| 8 | w | © | 3 | 8 " Theoretical probability Enimated experimental probably Bi z Bi z Be a Chapter 13 Calculations Exercise 1 1 a 10 b. 20 co 8 a2 23 1-6 a6 hot o 30 4 9 bo 4 o 12 a en 13 9. 20 h 4. Incorect. YIFTE = (+ 16) (Inthe order of operations, calculations under rots are treated as if they are in brackets.) So do the addon frst. JOTI = VB =5 5. 4549+ (20-10 a 90 > 16 7. a 484+12+(4x142)=50 b. 484122 (4x (142) =49 ©. 48+ 12+4x (042) =57 8 a WO+16x4e2 94 vIexa22 S b. 9416 xVF=2 7 e. 94 \TERE=2 o. VOFTEx4=2=10 1. VO4VIbxva=2=7 Exercise 2 41. Calculation pairs with same answers: A, B, E, F, H Calculation pairs with different answers: C, D, G 2 a (87+13)+128~ 100 + 128 = 228, b. (15425)+39=4439=79 175 +25 +61 = 200461 = 261 4. 764244389 = 104389 = 13.89 B7L4 (1225-4075) =371413=1671 f, 42458467473 10414=24 5+G+) bE co t4(248) dg iisieles © G+) © Glen) + G+) 4, a, 2300423 = 2323 b. (100-1) x06 © (+00) x18 = 18+ 18 4. (0.1) x67 = 67-067 = 603 fe. 0.24x(1401)=024+0024=0264 06x (10-0) = 6-006 = 594 5. a. (4x25) x72 = 10072 = 7200 b. 156) x07 = 9x07 ©. (025% 4) x18 =1%18 4. 05x3=15 e. 12x04=048 1 08+8x32=01%32= 382 (© HerperconnsPusners 2021‘Chapter 14 Equations and Inequalitios 6 ai ©6668 oo)? ty SE gt mast 7. 30x2=3x7=21 0 Consolidation exercise 1. Amy should do the addition in the brackets fst, then divide 24 by the result. Dividing a number by 2 and then dividing the result by 4is not equivalent to dvicing the number by 6. The correct answer i 4 2, The area of the garden is 9.8m. The cost of grass seeds is 98" x 8 dollars. The total cost including dolivery is 98? x 8 +10 ~ 10? x 8+ 10 = $810. Both estimates are incorrect 3. y25—3 means the same as (TS —5) Do the subtraction frst and then find the square rot ofthe result: VIS=9 = VT6 = 4. VB — 9 means find the square root of 25 and then subtract 9 from the result: VZ5— 9 = 5 ~ 4. a) 18 b) 27 c)-7 d) 24 e) 64 4 9) -500 ns 5. a Vid5-27+8=-14 b. 128- V8 -27=97 6 a 2xG45x6) = 140 b. Bx(45)x6=240 @. (*KS45)x6=150 7. a, Conect © comet 4. Comect {correct 8. 15x24 15xt= 15x 9. 096m" 10.4% 15 —4 «001 = 60-004 = $5996 Chapter 14 Equations and Inequalities Exercise 1 1. a) c) x= 2 d) x=4 e) g) x9 h) x=5 2. 2) Thomas has divided before expanding the brackets. b) Yes, this method always works, ) Thomas’ method is usualy more eficiont when working with large numbers as it avoids having to muttply and then divide later by such large numbers. 3. a) x=12 b) t=35 e) r=48 @) x= 24 oxe-8 ny t=05 c) x=2 d) x=5 rea hy x4 ‘© HarperCotinePrbushers 2021 383Chapter 14 Equations and Inequalities, a axea > aa >) oy met 5. a) 1 b) °) } 6. Darlene is correct in her working, but the resull of 0 = 0 means that avery possible value of x willbe a solution since 6x + 12 wil ays equal 6x + 12 = 9(2x + 4), whatever the value of x 7. 2(8x+7)= 10x-6 8 a >) m oh ot a r=-6 ° Nx 9) m=20 hy t= 16 9. 8) x24, The errors on the second line. 15 should be added to both sides, not 5. b) x=, The errr is again on the second line. The sign of 6x should be positive. 10.2) Mark expands the brackets. b)_ Steps continuing from Mark’s working, eg ©) Cho divides both sides by 2. 4) Steps continuing from Cho's working, 29 t0x-2+1=2x+3 4 2 3. Angel's fateris 49 4. There are 10 eggs ina fll box. 5. Quentin's number's 7 8 45cm 7. 42°, 42° and 9° & a) x=20m ——) 200m 8. x=40" 1.404242" 120800") M9) 4+ 960+2)=90 wt by oxe1490- x20 180 384 (© HerpercotnsPuateners 202+12, Anish isthe only one who has written the correct equation, Correct solution ‘Chapter 14 Equations and Inequalities ©) say y=305 1) 8(10~ 2) +2 10{2 + 2)= 180 255 13.4% 342) 95x 6G-Hox=8 14.2) 27and28 ©») S4.and 56 c) 15, 17.and 19) Students’ own question Exercise 4 1. atenst0 b) ans6 ©) ant3<8 4) 10r2 2. a) xis greater than 12 7 8 9 xis greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to & (©) xis greater than ~1 and fess than 6 8) xis greater than or equal to -3 ©) xis greater than or equal o 0 and less than or equal to 2 {xis greater than ~2 and less than or equal to 2 1) Number lines correctly depicting the inequalities in parts ato a) x<0 by xs8 0) -2 4 Cis the odd one out. Allthe other inequalities are equal to each other. a) y-3>2 >) 4y> 20 o) aye io tt Consolidation exercise a) a) 9 a) a) b) vase ©) x26 02 e) p=? wed gan 18 99 =-6 a) b) ° 32° LJ-yo0 divided the number 3 inside the brackets by 3. 3x29 -9 3x 3x=0 x=0 x=3-3 x20 8 a}2ns12 by ntace 6) 8-n<10 d) nts -8 (© HarporcotnsPubushors 2001 385‘Chapter 16 Midpoints Chapter 15 Midpoints Exercise 1 1. 2) 3.4) 90.0 ©) 8-1) (1,3) ©) (2,1) De 90-05 U1) 0631) De12) 2 9) 5) 67 ) 5.9) 4) (65.45) 6) 4-2) 9 (105,6) 9) 2,11) hy 05, -4) a9) 3. a) 45) 68) a) (7,9) b) (9, 13) ©) (5.5) (2B) =¢7,9) @) Yes, bocause S and Tare always a quarter ofthe way along PO, s0 Ris aways hatfway along 5a) ” a a 10 4 Saeeay pests er ey b) (11,3) ©) ABD is isosceles 6. a) (6.2) ») 4,13), ©) 0.6) 93.3) ©) (6.27) 9 1,7) 7. 02 4,6=26,c21, 0249 b) (18,6) 4. (47, 4) and (3, 12) (6, 8) and (14, 10) (11, 9) and (9, 7) (10, 11) and (10, 8) Tre:8,C False: A.D ‘eg the midpoint of (-3, 6) and (3,6) is (0, 6) is on the y-axis 1 1 49. (0,0), (4,2), 8,4) (0, 6) ‘A section ofa line joining two points A and Bs called a line segment. The point on this line that is halfway between the two endpoints is called the midpoint. To find the x coordinate ofthe midpoint, ‘add together the x coordinates of A and B and then divide by 2. Similarly the y coordinate of the midpoint is the mean of the y coordinates of the enclpoints. Chapter 16 Fractions, decimals and percentages Exercise 1 1 a 04 b, 2.85 ce. 088 4. s70¢e1 2a od b. 0.16 Od d. 008% 2 0.54 1 03a 9. 013 h. 0.108 Lows i. o.r0as k. oi 0.708 386 (© HerperceteaPuttoner 20214. ‘Chapter 16 Fractions, decimals and percentages a. 05740 >. 0.10227 02887 . 0.73170 She is incorrect. 2 = + = 0.5, which is not recurring a. 0556 b, 6.128 ©. 0783 4. 0880 ‘a. He has stopped dividing too early, assuming that the pattorn repoats, (The next remainder is 20, so the next digit is not 2.) b. 0.225 0.442057 o.das714 0.428574 0.871426 0.714288, 0.857143 The repeating digits are always 1, 4, 2, 8, 5 and 7, in that order but wth diferent starting digit. a4 b. The decimal has a single repeating dt whch equals the numerator fhe fatn. 0555. and ¥= 0.8 ‘When you divide an intager by 9, the dion involves dvcing mutples of 10 by 9. When you divide @ multiple of 10 by 9, the remainder is always the first digit of the multiple of 10, For ‘example to convert? you frst find 20 +9 = 2. This has remainder 2, so the next stp inthe ‘vision i also 20 +9 = 2, Every step nthe clvision is 20 + 9 = 2 with remainder 2, and this continues forever. Exercise 2 1a 17 b. 25 2a bsxr<2 b. 018 -0861 07 <-067 — d. -01 < 003 9 a (hens > -H+-02 e. 4403 dé. 11s=! 10, -0959,-0.22 >. The c. Twe 4. False b. 3.60% « © 2.35% 1 205% «10% 66.7% 1 256% b. -4%>-2 eg, 236.6% 4. 277%> 4 Amy fs coma that is lss than 1, (Jake shoul have halved to get but he doubled I.) 3 das75% 5 a, s9outot60, 81%, "0.88 . (06,0806, 61%, 65.5%, = ©. -0.251, ~£,-249%,-0.26, 2 4. -0.199, 2.01, 19%,4 6. Possible answers include: « = 8 and = = 9, of » = 7 and si = 8, or any combination where > 10%) 7 Matha 22 = 868.0, 4 out 0952 g of sugar per mi for pineapple juice 085 g of sugar per mi for orange juice 11135 g of sugar per mi for blackcurrant juice Blackcurrant therefore has the highest proportion of sugar. 9. Saturday - 22 = 64% ofthe people who visited wore children Sunday ~12 = 58% ofthe people who visited were ciren ‘Saturday had the largest proportion of children visiting Consolidation exercise ‘ 8 07916 m 2 barat 2 aor 8 ose 8 076 388 © HarporcotinePubtshors 2021Chapter 17 Presenting an interpreting data 2 2. The corect answeris 0:22 which 0.222. rounded to 2... 022 gives aninfnite number of decimal plcos. 3a) 15 oy 24 o) 0.13 and 02088 4. Sometimes tue. lis always tuoi tho numerator ae the same (0.9.2 <2) and sometines true the numerators are diferent (e.g. 3 < Lbut$ > 2) Sometimes tue. is always te if the denominators are the same (eg. 2> 3) and sometimes true ifthe denominators ae diferent (eg. > 2but <2) 5. a. Nachos @ = #8 2 b. Chocolate 6. a £9.-08,-071,-0881 —b. Eg.-0016,0,001 e. €g -9.902,-0:398 7. Hes incorect, $= 0.333. = 33.33... (which fs greater than 33%) 8. 535% 3016, 0 the second recipe uses a higher percentage of but. 9. 40% 10.2, Music 92%, Histon: 73.5%, ography 69.75% b. Music 11. The numberof students in school must be found asa recon or perenlage ofthe whole cass = 05% attendance Class B has a higher propoton of students in school (athough Class A has a larger number of studens m schoo). Chapter 17 Presenting and interpreting data 2 Exercise 1 1 Tian coma © HarperCotineP sashes 2021[Chapter 17 Prosenting and interpreting data 2 3 veut type of fim 2) Pan om 410% a) ‘ype tnd aa Grasand and i 2) 229 ion kno 1p) 7, seme Exercise 2 1. ©), Forexampe, “The number of sinos poached Inceesed upto 2014 end then stared to decrease. 8) 671) 100 (1p) d) 5% lo newest whole number) 2. 2). Students own grouped table 8) Student ova fogapie to match thea. 2. 9) Elects 2) Kiran snot coect. Leisre lating sles were S%, but Smart cating sales wer 6%, ©) 10% — @) $54 millon 4. 9) France 0) 225 ) Te UK had a lerge numberof measles cases thn Poland 80 ‘ohepecanene 221 sb Eopsaes =) Sh “The manager isnot corect. The diflerence between the angles for the two sectors is 40° but each degree does not represent 1 sandwich, (The cafe sold 44 egg solad and 28 cheese salad sandwiches).(Chapter 17 Presenting and interpreting data 2 Exercise 3 1. a) 167 millon ) 2017 ©) There is very steady, nearly near grows, 9) 15millon €@) The population is increasing by about 5 milion per year, so about 201 ilin in 2019. 2a) ») as «) Year on year, there is an increasing tend for each quarter. 3. a) decreasing tend b) 22 ©) 2014-2015) 14 4. a) Australia. b) 73% 1% — ©) 1970 4) 8% 41% 6) Japan {) About 88%, iti an estate, as no data are ploted fr 2005, 5. 0) 47 )_ The number of people watching has decreased over the weeks. Monday has the fewest people ‘watching the film in each week and Sunday has the most ©) 88-5253 4). The number of people watching the flm athe cinems on Sunday has decreased by abou! 11 ‘each week. So, in Week 5, an estimate would be 55~ 11 = 44, 6. For example: ‘The number of children learning the violin has fallen between 2010 and 2018. The number of children learning the guitar has remained fairly steady. ‘The number of children learning the crums has increased (but dipped in 2018). 7 ac) 100 80 ey Mass (orams) “0 Length em) b)_ For example, longer letters tend to be heavier 1) Student's answer from their graph (expect an answer of about 57 grams) (© Marparcatinapvensrers 2021 301Chapter 17 Presenting and interpreting data 2 & a) 100 90 80 n 6a 50 “0 30 20 0 0 Exam score 0 5 10 % 20 Percentage absence b) Students with higher absence rates tend to have lower exam scores, ©) Line of best fit drawn on scatter graph with an estimate of about 11% 9 a) 6 —-b) $11.50) 3d) $7.60 __@) Student's observation 10. a) Hotel nights 600 tune 1 December 400 cost 8) 200.'b) The original data can be extracted from the scaiter graph. The different colours make it easy to compare the two data sets. )_Itis not surprising that this is a linear relationship 4) People stayed fewer nights on average in December 11.) and b) Scratch data © ca vane £20 & 0 » By 6 % Thousands of mies ‘¢) At50 000 miles, there might be 23 scratches on a van and 14 on a car. 392 ©HarperconnnsFubnsners 2021 Consolidation exerci Utena) )_ The numberof visitors has been increasing gradually each year. The months May to August seo the most visitors.b) The number of visitors has been increasing gradually each year. The months May to August see the most visitors, 3a) © Number of pieces of cke BOOB « umber of cups ot toe b) On days when more cups of catfee were sold, she also tended to sell more places of cake. ©) Aline of best fit addad to scalter graph leading to a prediction of about 46 pieces of cake. ‘© HerperColinePubishers 2021 303 Chapter 18 Transformations 4. "The axes have not been labelled to show which represents midday and which midnight. “The points should not be joined together. 5. a) India ) The population of Africa is predicted to increase substantially ‘¢) Students’ own comparisons. For example, a smaller proportion of people wil ive in Europe. Pakistan is predicted to become the 3 most populated country in Asia (replacing Indonesia), Chapter 18 Transformations Exercise 1 1 a) () » @) 94) 8G) a) 9G) 9) no 9G) 9G) ad pe aa) (4) 9) 86 9) ae) 9) )Bright, 4 down 2 left, 6 up 5378) BB) 98 A E40) 6 9) (0-7) E51) (7-11) 6) 2) 7. Itis written as coordinate and not the vector (2) 8 a\()) ») (4) aC) 9. (4,8) 10.a) true b) tue cc) false —d) false " (3,4) moves to (3,8) (3,2) moves to (0,4) (4-2) moves to (2,5) (1,4) moves to (2,6) wa CD m1) 394 (© HarperCotisPubshers 202%Exercise 2 No, only correct when mior lines are paralil 5. a)toe) PE. He Chapter 18 Transformations, © HorpercotinePubishors 2021 395Chapter 18 Transformations 7. a) yx03 1. 6) All shapes are congruent. 396 (© HarperCotisPubshers 2021Chapter 18 Transformations 4. a) 90° anticlockwise. b) 2-8) ©) 180" 5. 270° clockwise is equivalent to 90° clockwise, 90" clockwise is equivalent to 270° anticlockwise. Exercise 4 1 3 a) Tue —b) true ——_¢) falls; tho hoight isnot 4 times the original) true 4. a) lengths, scale factor, lengths b) angles) similar.) centre, scale factor 5. Move vertex at (7, 7)t0 (8, 7) 6 a) 2 b) 3 ©) All enlargements of same shape are similar. (© HarpercotmsPubshers 2021 397Chapter 19 Percentages Consolidation exercise 1 . , 2 : Ls : So 6545449 FETE SEF A. tf f 3a) G bc ot dB ar 4. a)ande)b) The correct translation is (-7, 7) d) The correct translation is (8, ~4) 5. a) Olieis correct. The reflection is perpendicular tothe mirror line, soi takes the point to (8, 2) b) 4,0) and (4,2) Chapter 19 Percentage: Exercise 1 Lam > 115 e. 1350 3440 e 15 115 9. 2400 nh 960 2 +48 b Sa ©. 481600 308 ‘Harercomraonier 2021 Chapter 20 Sequences 38 12 ». 074 © 103 4. 02 e3 £096 9. 222 n. oot 4 a, $2595 ». 4300m ©. 178m 6. 300kg 5. a $4800 b. 2375km «144m 4. 2259 8 2. 455k9 b. $36.90 e. 214¢km 4. 102.961 ©. $702 1 975em 9. 11544mi h. 126g 7 a. $5078.40 > a3102kg e. §7.366km 8. 3007 e. 2145mi 1 312em 9. 877,752lies $13.80 iL 264186m 8 a, Sheiscorect 100% = 1, so he uses the multiplier 1-+1 = 2 . Hels incorrect. 6% = 0.08, s0 he should have used the multiplier 1.06. $4.20 x 1.06 = $445 9. a. Increase $60 by 20% B, Increase 420K by 35% c. increase 260g by 200% 10.2. She has taken the absolute change to be the same for both increases, but itis diferent (because the second increase is 50% ofa larger amount), b. 200m1x 15 = 300m 300mIx 1.5 = 450m 11.a) Tax = $1862.00 Eamings = $7998.00 b) Tax = $2426.20 ©) Tax = $1805.00 Eamings = $7695.00 6) Tax= $2061.50 Eamings = $8788.50 ©) Tax= $4218.00 Eamings = $17,982.00,Consolidation exercise Child ticket — $8.80, adult ticket ~ $16.50 a 145 b. $161 c. $253 a. $37 145 b. 798 students “The first deal gives the lower price. The fist deal gives $359.70 and the second deal gives $360.00. Nur would eam more with Company B. (Company A offers $21 060) ‘a, Increasing $91 by 21% . Increasing $325 by 8% 6. Increasing 8ml by 100% — d.Increasing 800 kg by 200% 7. The deals are the same (for two books ofthe same price). If each book costs Sx, then the fist deal coffers two books for 2x X 0.75 = 1.53 and the second detall offers two books for x + 0.5x = L5x. 8. a. False. To increase a quantity by 360%, use the multplier 1+3.5 = 4.5 b. False. Increasing $500 by 10% gives $550. Decreasing this by 10% gives $495 ©. True. Increasing 60kg by 100% ives 120kg, Decreasing this by 50% gives 60 kg Chapter 20 Sequences Exercise 1 4. a) 194, 122, 133 b) 77,71, 65 ©) 1.3.7 ©) 24,27,3 16,12,08 9) 64,10,113 2. 8) Rule: subtract 12,7thterm=58 _b) Rule: add 8, 7th term = 73 ¢) Rule: subtact6, 7th term=—19 _d) Rule: add 7, 7th erm = 17 @) Rule: add 0.5, 7th orm = 6.4 1) Rule: subact, 7th term = 2 a) 44 ») 16 Onrd 8) 35 ®) 30 4. a) 486 b) 25 ©) 20 8) 1.75 e) 1.75 n4 © HerperConnseutiohers 2021 399Chapter 20 Sequences 5. a) c 1 2 2 2 2 18 A 2 3 1.25 2 2 4 1125 a 2 5 1.0825 2 2 6 1.03125 a 2 T 1.016625 2 2 8 1,0078125 a 2 9 1,00800825 2 2 10 1,001953125 a 2 b) Column A: The numbers are getting closer and closer to 1 Column B: The numbers alternate betwoen 2 and —1 Column ©: The sequence is constant - every number Is 2 6. a) Stems b) Because if you multiply by 2 and the number ends in 5 you will then have a 0 ending, which you will then subtract 5 from, always giving an answer ending in 5. 7. a) multiply by 3 b) multiply by 4 and subtract 2 ) add 1 and multiply By 2 4) multiply by 40 and subtract 74 8, Most likely answers are 26 (if tho term-to-torm rule is ‘add 24") 10 (ifthe term-to-term rule is ‘multiply by 5") 10 (ifthe term-to-term rule is ‘multiply by -5)) 14 {ifthe term-to-term rule is ‘multiply by 3 and add 8’)9% a) Patten 3 10.2) Pattern 7 : 24 squares °) Pattem 7 : 50 squares 11. The pattem has 10, 14, 18. the answer is always even. b) Ada 5 ©) 32 Patten 7 : 36 squares Circles. The term to term rule is ‘add 4’, When adding two even numbers, 9 Shean cone sop oe ye am Loe bebe os ee ee bo ke ; mn bo) 1909585 Tape7e +n WE abn ane Se tn ea 9) mezer sists ct sossuem tients neuro @) messisn —tnet-s e200 Som team’ onSo ban omc 1 Tuswaese zm ne Shemtame ee 10826. nin emame oie +9221 Soe ee ee 3 tnamtemuse, oboe? ummm so wet inet donk gies james ted tha aed one ames done? Soe pies gana janes tan oan arte haem ot w vineca13.8) 58 b) 30443) 3x 50443 = 193. He Is not correct 14a) 2n+5 by aed anes 48.6n—4 and 698 Consolidation exercise 1. a) sometimes odd and sometimes even b) always odd ‘c) always even d) sometimes odd and sometimes even B=R,C=O,D=S 3. a) Multiply the term number by 4 and ada 6 b) Raniais correct : 204 +6 = 88 4, The 14th term 5 30 6. a) Yes~ the 8 ties tables 8, 16, 24, 32 ete and Sabine’s pattem is always two more than each term b) an ©) 8n+2 7. 4,9 and 21.5 are in the sequence ‘oHamerconnsrueusners 2021 401 Chapter 21 Probabiity 2 8. Matched Solution, WOOK | fw i aes | anat £ i ae SH anes 59.13.17, i fh. ‘Any patter growing by 3 squares each time e.g. fig ik anti 4,7.10.13, Bn fe 9 8) 5,811,140. 43042 -1,1,3,5,.. 4 20-3 14.7.1. + 3-2 6,9,12, 15... + 343 b) 6.7.9, 11, 10, Nadia (3rd term = 20) and Marcos (4th term = 20)Chapter 21 Probability 2 Exercise 1 1. MARHQ) Ba Dott | Dela | Des z 5 3 z 8 3 3 z @ 5 8 2 8 2 3 8 5 2 b. tort 402 (© HaperClins-ubishrs 2021 Chapter 21 Probability 2 3. a. Spinner Spinner? a 5 z € x D 8 5 5 c 5 D ce 5 c c c D b. 29 4 a. ». 116 028, AAK7 doughnut 2 doughnut jam jam jam ‘chocolate jam ream ‘chocelate iam ‘chocelate ‘cream ‘weam iam cream ‘chocolate b. 40 ea (2,1), (2.2), (2:3), (2.4) (8.4), (8:2), (8.3), (8:4), (4,1), (4.2), (4.3), (4.4), b. ha 29 (113) (© HarpercounsPueasners 2021 403Chapter 21 Probability 2 aa Starter ain or 4. For example f, Exercise 3 1 flan) || Sab | on co © Harpercotinee tars 2021 423Chapter 26 Accurate Drawing 2 Pan side Front 3 Plan Side Front 4, Plan Side front 5a tom 10m xm Lm ° 20m én l 0 om em mr Gen | | Pan Front sae 6. Sophia has plan at wrong end and elevations are on their sides. ‘correct drawings Consolidation exercise 1 a 60 b) y=8.5om, 2. a. Students own constructions 3. Students own constructions 424 (© HexporCoinsPubtsors 2021‘Students own constructions ‘Students own constructions Students own constructions Chapter 25 Accurate Drawing