Scribd
Upload
101 views

Differential Amplifier

Notes

Uploaded by

dinkarsuraj4
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
101 views

Differential Amplifier

Notes

Uploaded by

dinkarsuraj4
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Module 04

Differential Amplifier

 Differential Amplifier: It is a device that is used to amplify the difference in voltage of the two
input signals.
When two inputs are applied at the two terminals the voltage difference produced resultantly will
be proportional to the difference of the two applied input signals. Differential amplifier behaves
as subtractor circuit, that basically subtracts the two input signal. The differential amplifier can be
constructed by making use of BJTs and FETs.
Circuit of Differential Amplifier:
As we can see in the circuit diagram there are two inputs and two outputs are used. Here, two
separate transistor Q1 and Q2 are employed so as to apply separate inputs at the base of both the
transistor.

The two separate transistors possess similar characteristics ideally. Common emitter
resistor RE, common positive supply VCC and common negative supply VEE is shared by
both the transistors.
There are mainly four configurations:

 Dual Input Balanced Output- In this configuration two inputs are given an output is
taken from both the transistors.

 Dual Input Unbalanced Output- The input is given to both the transistors but the
output is taken from a single transistor.

 Single Input Balanced Output- Here, by providing single input we take the output
from two separate transistors.
 Single Input Unbalance Output- It is a type of configuration in which a single input is
given an output is taken from only a single transistor.

 What are Common-Mode Signals?

In a differential amplifier, the voltage generated at the output is proportional to


the difference of the two input signals. So, when the two applied
inputs are equal i.e., there is no difference between the two input voltage the
resulting output voltage will be 0.

But practically when two similar inputs are applied at both the input terminal, the
output does not exactly equal to 0. The output in case of common mode signal is
of the order of several 100 µV.

An average of the two input signals is called common mode signal denoted as VCM.
𝑉1 +𝑉2
𝑉𝐶𝑀 =
2

The gain in common mode is denoted by Ac.

 What are differential -Mode Signals?

In differential amplifier when the both input having same magnitude but opposite
sign then it is called differential mode and equivalent signal is called differential
mode signal. It is denoted by Vd.

Vd = V 1 - V2

The gain in differential mode is denoted by A DM.


For a practical differential amplifier:

Output voltage = ADMVd + ACMVCM

Common mode rejection ratio (CMRR):

It is the ratio of difference mode gain and common mode gain.


𝐴𝐷𝑀
𝐶𝑀𝑅𝑅 =
𝐴𝐶𝑀

CMRR is measure the ability of differential amplifier to reject common mode


input effect.

A high CMRR has better rejection of common mode input.

For ideal differential amplifier CMRR is infinity.


𝐴𝐷𝑀
In dB CMRR = 20 log10 .
𝐴𝐶𝑀

You might also like