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Intravenous the-WPS Office

Nursing course

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4 views

Intravenous the-WPS Office

Nursing course

Uploaded by

juwesexclusivecollection
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION

Intravenous therapy or IV therapy is the giving of liquid substances


directly into a vein. It can be intermittent or continuous; continuous
administration is called an intravenous drip.Intravenously administered
drugs are given either as a “bolus” (within 1–30 min) or an infusion over
a period of many hours.

Compared with other routes of administration, the intravenous route is


the fastest way to deliver fluids and medications throughout the body.

Purposes of Intravenous (IV) Therapy

To supply fluid when clients are unable to take in an adequate volume


of fluids by mouth

To provide salts and other electrolytes needed to maintain electrolyte


imbalance

To provide glucose (dextrose), the main fuel for metabolism

To provide water-soluble vitamins and medications

To establish a lifeline for rapidly needed medications.

Canulation or Catheter Insertion( Steps in Setting IV line)

1. Needle Selection

The smaller the gauge number, the thicker the catheter.

Catheters vary in sizes called gauges. The smaller the gauge number,
the thicker the catheter and the more rapidly medicine can be
administered and blood can be drawn. Furthermore, thicker catheters
cause more painful insertion, so it’s very necessary not to use a
catheter that’s larger than you need. The tip of the catheter should be
inspected for integrity prior to venipuncture. Only two attempts at
venipuncture is recommended.

Recommended gauges

Size ColorRecommended use

14G Orange In massive trauma situations.

16G Gray Trauma, surgeries, or multiple large-volume infusions

18G Green Blood transfusion, or large volume infusions.

20G Pink Multi-purpose IV; for medications, hydration, and routine


therapies.

22G Blue Most chemo infusions; patients with small veins; elderly or
pediatric patients

24G Yellow Very fragile veins; elderly or pediatric patients

2. Finding a suitable vein for cannulation


It is essential to spend time looking methodically for suitable
veins.the following points should be considered:
Position
Ensure good light
Take time and look at all the usual sites and choose the best
option
Choose the vein carefully. (A good vein,runs straight,stands up a
little And fills and empties)

The preferred sites for IV cannulation


1. Hand

Dorsal arch veins

Dorsal arch veins are best seen on the back of the hand, but are usually
larger and easier to see and palpate over the back of the wrist. Skin
entry should be more distally. IVs inserted here are easily splinted and
any infiltration easily spotted, so these veins are the preferred site.

2. Cubital fossa

Median antecubital, cephalic and basilic veins

Median antecubital, cephalic and basilic veins are easy to hit and tend
to last quite well if splinted properly.
3.Scalp

Scalp veins should only be used once other alternatives are exhausted.
Mostly at least partial shaving of the head is required. It may take 6-12
months for hair to grow back properly, which may cause significant
parental distress.

Superficial temporal vein

The superficial temporal vein runs anterior to the ear and is accessible
over a distance of 5-8 cm in most babies and lasts well if secured
appropriately .

4.Foot

Dorsal arch

Dorsal arch veins are small, but easily cannulated and last surprisingly
well.

Saphenous vein, ankle etc

Procedure/ technique for cannulation

Refer to procedure manual

Nursing Interventions in IV Infusion

1. Verify the doctor’s order

2. Know the type, amount, and indication of IV therapy.

3. Practice strict asepsis.

4. Inform the client and explain the purpose of IV therapy to alleviate


client’s anxiety.
5. Prime IV tubing to expel air. This will prevent air embolism.

6. Clean the insertion site of IV needle from center to the periphery


with alcoholized cotton ball to prevent infection.

7. Shave the area of needle insertion if hairy.

8. Change the IV tubing every 72 hours. To prevent contamination.

9. Change IV needle insertion site every 72 hours to prevent


thrombophlebitis.

10.Regulate IV every 15-20 minutes. To ensure administration of


proper volume of IV fluid as ordered.

11.Observe for potential complications.

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