Introduction

Modern gardens are incomplete without grass lawn. Grass lawn adds architectural feature
and beauty to gardens, playgrounds, hotels, home, factories etc. Depending on how it is
planted, lawn is also known as turf, pitch or field.

Manual cutting requires skilled labor and the work must be done under supervision. To operate
lawn mower skilled labor is required as well as it requires periodic maintenance. One of the
major problems associated with grass lawn is to maintain proper height of grass. Traditional
methods available are based on manual grass cutting or manually operated lawn mowers, both
requires skilled labour. The problem becomes very cumbersome, when area to be covered is
very large.

Earlier solutions include use of microcontroller-based systems to which various sensors are
interfaced. These are manually controlled and are having slow response time. Some lawn
mowers were implemented by using of Internal Combustion Engine. The major drawback of this
technology is high running cost, noise and air pollution. The dangerous emissions generated by
the gasoline spillage and that of the internal combustion engine into the atmosphere are
eliminated.

Many researchers have come up with the solution of automatic lawn mower. However, major
issues with such machines are length of perimeter guide wire, high price tag & maintenance
cost. If battery operated, then longevity of the battery. In this paper, an intelligent solar powered
grass cutting robot with obstacle avoidance is presented.

The fully automated solar grass cutter is a fully automated grass cutting robotic vehicle
powered by solar energy that also avoids obstacles and is capable of fully automated grass
cutting without the need of any human interaction. A automated grass cutter is very eco -
friendly and very useful to people who are very tired during work or school. The solar powered
lawnmower will help to reduce air pollution. Thus solar grass cutter is used. A lawnmower with
solar energy will be easier to use, it eliminates down time byfrequent trips to the gas station for
fill-ups and danger associated with gasoline spillage. A solar powered lawn mower was
designed and developed, based on the general principle of mowing. The designed solar powered
lawnmower comprises of direct current (D.C) motor, a rechargeable battery, solar panel, a
stainless steel blade and control switch. Mowing is achieved by the D.C motor which provides
the required torque needed to drive the stainless steel blade which is directly coupled to the
shaft of the D.C motor.

The solar powered lawnmower is operated by the switch on the board which closes the circuit
and allows the flow of current to the motor which in turn drive the blade used for mowing. The
battery recharges through the solar charging controller. Performance evaluation of the
developed machine was carried out with different types of grasses. The sun provides
sustainable amount of the energy used for various purposes on earth for atmospheric system.
The difference is just the application of the energy source. It is assumed that a lawnmower
using solar as the energy source will address a number of issues that the standard internal
combustion engine and electric motors lawn mowers do not. (Mr. P. D. Patil, 2018)

Rationale

A robot lawn mower is a great option if you would rather do something other than cut your grass
in your spare time or hire someone to cut grass in your lawn. Robot lawn mowers are machines
that cut your grass for you. They are fully autonomous in operation. One of the primary
motivating factors for people looking at robot lawn mowers is to be able to stop having to cut
your lawn every week all through the growing season.( Myrobotmower, 2020)

Mowing your lawn in spring is one of those timeless traditions in Canada that just can't be beat.
Proper mowing can make a big difference in maintaining the condition of a healthy lawn.There
are many challenges while mowing lawns, such as; Tire rutting, Trees and Excessive clippings.
Tire rutting is a result of cutting in the same direction and pattern each time you mow. These
ruts can become deep and noticeable if the mowing pattern is not changed each mowing. When
mowing we need to avoid running into the base of trees when mowing or trimming around them.
This can cause major damage to the health of the tree. Excessive clippings resulting in clumps
of grass is a common problem when the lawn is mowed when its wet or if the frequency is left
to long in between mowings.(Thom Bourne, 2018)

Here in our country the Philippines we do not usually mow our own lawn rather we hire someone
to cut it for us. Hiring someone monthly or even weekly can cause us wage shortage.

Significance of Study

Importantly, robotic lawn mowers don’t cut into your free time. They operate at night, or while
you’re at work. You set the mowing schedule. Besides the occasional edging, you won’t need to
spend any time worrying about the state of your grass so you can spend more time entertaining
or relaxing outdoors. The initial installation will likely take the better part of a day, but once
everything is set up, your mower is almost entirely self-sufficient. Simply select the mowing
schedule you wish on the onboard control panel and it will handle the rest. Many mowers
connect to your home WiFi or use a Bluetooth signal, allowing you to program and control them
from your mobile device. This lets you set your mowing hours and weather protocols with
almost no effort at all.
Because the mower makes frequent, shallow cuts, your robot will maintain a consistent cutting
height throughout your turf’s growing season.(Stephen Kime, 2022)

Scientific Basis

Renewable energy sources like solar electricity and to operate a cutter equipped with various
accessories and to cut and gather lawn grass. The DC motor, powered by a battery, where the
charge is kept via a solar panel, has a spiral shaped grass cutting blade. In a framework of
metal rolls, the complete structure is supported. The solar panel is attached to the structure and
charges if the system does not run, transferring charges to theDSP TMS320F2808 battery
through the circuit. During the day and night, the solar grass cutter uses both. The grass cutter
backup battery is 2 h, so, at night, we simply use a cutter. The chassis is powered by the blade
engine, DC engines, solar panel, and batteries fabrication of solar grass cutter control by
Bluetooth. After reading different literature works, their advantages and disadvantages were
identified. The advantages were adopted as much as possible, and the disadvantages were
avoided as much as possible. Keeping in mind the outcomes of the project,

Some criteria must be taken as materials for the design of a Smart Solar Grass Cutter, such as
the object position, the big body structure, design benefits and safety features. The Smart Solar
Grass Cutter may be independent or autonomous. The essential thing is for it to work properly.
To accomplish efficiency, utility and those things chosen, including positions, are crucial. Smart
Solar Grass Cutter is a straightforward design that utilizes construction materials. The total size
of the solar panel depends on the size. The battery length of the roof height varies. A rotating
rubber wheel is used for the front wheels since the direction in the back pipes automatically
changes. Each back wheel has a single car. The design is expensive and meets the main
objectives. The Solid Works software starts with a hand skate and consists of a prototype.
(Muhammad Waqas Jabbar 2022)

Objectives

The design objective is to come up with a mower that is portable, durable, easy to operate and
maintain. It also aims to design a self-powered mower of electrical source; a cordless electric
lawn mower. The heart of the machine is a battery-powered dc electric motor. It comprises of a
system of speed multiplication pulleys which drive the cutting blades and the charging unit
comprising of a 12V alternator and a lift mechanism meant to alter the height of cut. This is
achieved by means of a system of v-belt pulleys with minimal slip effect; collapsible blades to
reduce the common problem of wear. The use of collapsible blades and incorporation of an
alternator for recharging the battery make the design unique such that no engine is involved.
Performance test gave a cutting efficiency of 89.55% with 0.24kN human effort. Thus, the
machine is considered highly efficient and is readily adaptable to different cutting conditions.
The blades can be adjusted so that we can adjust the height of the grass.