COMPUTER MEMORY

SHORT QUESTIONS

i) What is computer memory?

The storage space (‫ )محفوظ کرنے کی جگہ‬in computer where data and instructions are
stored is called computer memory.

It is any device that is capable of storing (‫ )محفوظ کرنے کے قابل ہو‬information temporarily
(‫ )عارضی طور پر‬or permanently (‫)ستقل طور پر‬. It is just like a human brain. The computer
memory has large number of small parts called cells. Each cell can store one bit of
information i.e. either 0 or 1. Collection of 8 bits/cells is called byte. Byte is a basic unit
of storage.

Memory is of three types:

 Cache memory
 Primary memory / Main memory
 Secondary memory

Cache memory is the fastest memory. It acts as a buffer1 between the CPU and main
memory.
Primary memory is the working area of the computer. It stores data temporarily.
Secondary memory is the permanent storage area of the computer.

ii) Define bit, byte and memory word.

Bit
A bit is a smallest unit of storage. Bit stands for of ‘binary digit’. A bit can hold only one
of two values either 0 or 1. Each binary digit may be stored by any physical system
having two stable (‫ )مستحکم‬states (‫)حالت‬. One state represent 0 or off and other state
represent 1 or on.

Byte:
“A group of 8 bits is called byte.”

A memory required (‫ )کی ضرورت ہے‬to store one alphanumeric character (e.g A, h, 6,4 %,
@) is called byte. Byte is a basic unit of storage.

1
A buffer is a data area shared by (‫ )اشتراک میں – مل کر استعمال کرتے ہیں‬hardware devices or program that operate at
(‫ )کام کرتے ہے‬different speeds

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 COMPUTER MEMORY
Memory word:
Fixed (‫ )مقررہ‬size (‫ قد‬- ‫ )حجم – جسامت‬group (‫ )گروہ‬of bits that are handled ( ‫سنبھالے جاتے‬
‫ )ہے‬together (‫ )ایک ساتھ‬by the system is called memory word.

Modern computers have a size of 16, 32 or 64 bits. A computer that has larger word size
can transfer (‫ )منتقل کر سکتا ہے‬more bits into processor at a time and this improve ( ‫بہتر‬
‫ )کرتی ہے‬performance (‫ )کار کردگی‬of computer.

iii) What is the importance of cache memory in a computer?

Cache memory is a very high speed semiconductor2 memory which can speed up CPU.
Microprocessor can only perform fast calculations when the data and instructions are
fed (provided) quickly. If the processor doesn’t have any data to calculate on a cycle3,
the cycle is wasted (‫ )ضائع ہو جاتی ہے‬and the calculation will not occur until the next
cycle, which reduces (‫ )کم کرتی ہے‬the speed of microprocessor. The job of the cache
memory is to provide data to CPU quickly to avoid (‫ )سے بچنے کے لیے‬wasted cycles.

Advantages:

 Cache memory is faster than main memory.

 It consumes (‫ )استعمال کرتی ہے‬less access time4 as compared to main memory.
 It stores the program that can be executed within a short period of time.
 It stores data for temporary use.

Disadvantages:

 Cache memory has limited capacity (‫)گنجائش‬.

 It is very expensive.

iv‫ )۔‬Give some uses of secondary memory.

Secondary memory is also known as external memory or non-volatile (‫ )غیر متغیر‬e.g.
hard disk, CD-ROM, DVD etc. It is slower than main memory. These are used for storing
data/ information permanently. Contents (‫ )مواد‬of secondary memory are first
transferred to main memory and them CPU can access it‫۔‬

2
A semiconductor substance (‫ )مادہ‬such as silicon lies between the conductor and insulator. It controls the flow of
electric current. It conducts electricity under certain conditions such as the intensity (‫ )شددت‬of current or voltage,
infrared (IR), visible light etc. A diode, integrated circuit (IC) and transistor are all made from semiconductors.
3
CPU Cycle is basic operation of CPU in which CPU fetch (retrieve) instruction from memory and then decodes and
executes instruction. Each Cycle occurs only when clock pulse (signal) is generated.
4
Access time is total time computer takes to request data, and then that request to be met.

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 COMPUTER MEMORY
Uses of secondary memory:

 The secondary memory store data permanently.

 The secondary memory has huge space (‫ )بہت بری جگہ‬for data storage.
 The secondary memory is used for long-term (‫ )طویل مدتی‬storage of programs and
data in computer.
 Secondary memory can be used as an extension of main memory.
 CPU cannot access it directly (‫ )براہراست‬so it is less accessible (‫ )قابل رسائ‬to
viruses.

v.) What is the role of registers in computer?

Register is a high speed small storage area within the CPU. Register temporarily stores
currently executing instruction and pass (‫ )منتقل کرنا‬information to other parts of CPU
and to main memory. For example, it two numbers are added, both numbers must be
in registers and the result is also placed in a register.

The register can also contain the address of a memory location where data is stored
rather than the actual data itself.

The number of registers that a CPU has and the size of each register determines ( ‫تعین‬
‫ )کرتا ہے‬the power and speed of a CPU.

vi.) Differentiate between DRAM and SRAM.

The difference between SRAM and DRAM is as follows:

HEADINGS SRAM DRAM

Static/ SRAM is static. It does not need to DRAM is dynamic. It needs to be
dynamic be periodically (‫)وقفے وقفے سے‬ periodically refreshed to retain
refreshed (‫ )تازہ کرنا‬to retain ( ‫برقرار‬ data.
‫ )رکھنا‬data.
Speed SRAM is fast. DRAM is slower.
Power SRAM consumes less power. DRAM consumes more power
Density It is less dense (‫)گھنا‬. It is denser.
Transistors SRAM uses transistors to store bits DRAM uses capacitors to store bits
Value SRAM is expensive. DRAM is cheaper.
Used in SRAM is commonly used in cache DRAM is used in main memory.
memory.

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 COMPUTER MEMORY
vii‫ )۔‬Give few characteristics of secondary storage devices
Secondary storage devices are used for storing data permanently in computer system.

CHARACTERISTICS:

 It is a non-volatile memory i.e. it does not require continuous power to store

data.
 The storage capacity of these devices is very high. It can store data up to
Terabytes.
 They are cheaper than main memory.
 They can be reused (‫ )دوبارہ استعمال کی جاسکتی ہے‬even after data is erase.‫۔‬
 They can be sequential5, random or direct access6.

viii.) Differentiate between the following.

a) Chip memory and Magnetic memory

b) Cache and Register

c) Volatile and non-volatile memory

d) Magnetic tapes and Magnetic disks

e) EPROM and EEPROM

a) Chip memory and Magnetic memory.

The difference between Chip and magnetic memory is as follows:

HEADINGS CHIP MEMORY MAGNETIC MEMORY

Made up of A chip is a small thin piece of A magnetic memory is made up of
semiconductor material (silicon). plastic or metal (aluminum) coated
Electronic components (‫ )تہ جڑھی ہوئ – لپٹا ہوا‬with magnetic
(Transistors, Capacitors) are material such as ferric oxide.
etched (‫ )کھرج کر بناے جاتے ہے‬on
it.
Parts They don’t have moving parts They have moving parts‫۔‬
(‫)حرکت پزیر حصے‬.
Data storage Data is stored electronically. Data is stored magnetically.
Speed Chip memory is faster. Magnetic memory is comparatively

5
In sequential (‫ )ترتیب وار‬access devices, the data is stored and read in linear order i.e. data is stored in adjacent
(‫ )متصل‬locations (‫ )مقامات‬one after another in proper order without any gap.
6
In direct access devise, the data is stored and read directly i.e. data is stored at random (‫ )بے ترتیب‬locations

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 COMPUTER MEMORY
(‫ )نسبتن‬slower
Storage Range from 1 GB to 256 GB It can store Data in TBs
Capacity
Example Flash memory etc. Hard disk etc.

b) Cache and registers:

The difference between cache and registers as follows:

HEADINGS CACHE REGISTER

Definition Cache is the fastest and Register is a high speed small
smallest memory between storage area within the CPU
Main Memory and CPU
Size It size is from few KBs to MBs Its size is from 8 bits to 64 bits
Data Stored It stores instructions that are The data that the computer’s CPU is
repeatedly required ( ‫بار بار‬ currently (‫ )حالیہ طور پر‬processing is
‫ )ضرورت ہوتی ہے‬to run stored in the registers.
program‫۔‬
Location We can locate the cache of a The registers form a part of a
system on its motherboard or computer device’s CPU
inside the CPU.
Number There can be L1,L2 and L3 There are number of registers in the
Cache in computer processor. Such as PC, MBR, MIR
etc.

c) Volatile and non-volatile memory

The difference between volatile and non-volatile is as follows:

HEADINGS VOLATILE NON-VOLATILE

Power It requires continuous power It does not require continuous
(electricity) to maintain ( ‫برقرار‬ power (electricity) to maintain the
‫ )رکھنے کے لیے‬the stored stored information
information
Retains Volatile memory retains the Non-volatile memory retains
information information as long as power information for ever.
is supplied.
Examples RAM and Registers. ROM, Flash memory, hard disk etc.

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 COMPUTER MEMORY
d) Magnetic tapes and magnetic disks
The difference between magnetic tapes and magnetic disks are as follows:

HEADINGS MAGNETIC TAPES MAGNETIC DISKS

Coating Magnetic tapes are polymers7 Magnetic disks are metal disks that
coated with magnetic material are coated with magnetic material
to store data. to store data.
Access method Sequential access Direct Access
Data access The data access speed of The data access speed of magnetic
speed magnetic tape is slower. disk is fast.
Space Magnetic tape has Magnetic disk can hold more data
comparatively less storage per unit volume.
space.
Examples Audio cassettes, video Hard disk drives, floppy drives etc.
cassettes etc.

e) EPROM and EEPROM

The difference EPROM and EEPROM is as follows:

HEADINGS EPROM EEPROM

Stands For EPROM stands for Electrically EEPROM stands for Electrically
Programmable Read only Erasable Programmable Read only
Memory Memory
Erased EPROM has to be erased with EEPROM is erased electronically
exposure (‫ )افشا‬to ultraviolet8 within few milliseconds.
rays. Which take 20 minutes
Speed EPROM is slower. EEPROM is much faster.
Used as Previously (‫ )پہلے‬used as BIOS Currently used as BIOS chips.
chips.
Casing It has a window in the packet EEPROM are completely encased
(‫ )ڈبہ‬to expose the chip to (‫ )گھری ہوی‬in plastic case (‫)ڈبہ‬.
ultraviolet light.

7
Plastic is a specific type of polymer. Polymers can be either natural or synthetic and are created when small
molecules, also known as monomers, combine chemically to form a larger network of connected molecules.
8
Ultraviolet rays have a wavelength shorter than wavelengths of visible light and longer than those of X-rays.

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 COMPUTER MEMORY
LONG QUESTIONS

i.) Briefly explain the processor internal memory and its types.
Internal processor memory:
Internal processor memories are directly accessible (‫ )قابل رسائ‬to the CPU. It works very
fast. There are two types of internal processor memory, these are:

 Cache memory
 Registers

1. Cache memory:
Cache memory is an extremely fast static RAM (SRAM) that is built into CPU or located
(‫ )بٹھائ – رکھی جاتی ہے‬next to (‫ )ملحق‬CPU and is effective because most programs access
the same data or instructions over and over again. Caches stores repeatedly used
information. CPU accesses it quickly and more efficiently.

There are different levels of Cache. These are:

 Level 1 (L1) Cache:

It is also called primary cache, internal cache or system cache. It exists in the
microprocessor and operates at same speed as CPU. CPU accesses it directly and
it holds data that CPU needs to execute instructions. CPU (Processor) first checks
the L1 cache memory for data. It is fastest but most expensive and smaller in size
(8 to 128KB).
 Level 2 (L2) Cache:
It is commonly referred to as secondary cache or external cache. It pulls
information from RAM which is then accessed by L1 Cache. It was located on the
motherboard of earlier computers. In modern computers it is found on the
processor chip. It size is 64KB to 16MB
 Level 3 (L3) Cache:
In modern computer L3 is located on motherboard. Its size is large in comparison
to L1 and L2 cache.

2. Registers:
Register is a high speed small storage area within the CPU. Register temporarily stores
information during the execution of instruction and pass (‫ )منتقل کرنا‬information to other
parts of CPU and to main memory. For example, if two numbers are added, both
numbers must be in registers and the result is also placed in a register.

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 COMPUTER MEMORY
The register can also contain the address of a memory location where data is stored
rather than the actual data itself.

The number of registers that a CPU has and the size of each register determines ( ‫تعین‬
‫ )کرتا ہے‬the power and speed of a CPU. For example, a 32-bit CPU is one in which each
register is 32-bits wide. Therefore, each CPU instruction can manipulate 32 bits of data.

Some of the main registers in CPU are as follows:

 Accumulator register (AC):

It is located in ALU and it is used to store the results of arithmetic and logic unit
operations.
 Status register:
It indicates (‫ )نشان دہی کرتا ہے‬certain condition during CPU operation such as
carry digit, data overflow (‫)چھلکنا‬
 Instruction Register (IR):
It holds the current instruction being executed.
 Program Counter (PC):
It contains the address of next instruction which is to be fetched (‫ )النی ہے‬for
execution.
 Buffer Register :
This register is used to transfer data from memory to other components or from
other components to memory.

ii.) Explain RAM and ROM along with their types in detail
1. Random Access Memory (RAM):
RAM stands for Random Access Memory and is called primary storage of computer. It is
also called online memory because it is the only component directly connected with
CPU. It is the working area of computer. It is Read and Write (R/W) memory. It is a
volatile memory means that all data will be lost when power goes off. It holds data and
instructions temporarily. CPU gets the information needed for processing from RAM. It
is the most common type of memory found in computers.

It has two different types:

 Static Random Access Memory (SRAM)

 Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM)

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 COMPUTER MEMORY
1.1. Static Random Access Memory (SRAM):
SRAM is a type of semiconductor memory. It is called static because it does not need to
be periodically refreshed to retain its data. It is expensive but faster and consumes less
power. SRAM is less dense than DRAM. SRAM is used to make computer’s cache
memory. SRAM consist of flip-flops. Flip-Flop is a circuit9 composed of (‫)پر مشتمل ہوتا ہے‬
4 to 6 transistors. And each Flip Flop can store one bit of data.

1.2. Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM):

DRAM is a type of semiconductor memory. It is called dynamic because it needs to be
periodically refreshed to retain its data. It is composed of capacitors and each capacitor
can store one bit of data in a form of charge. Capacitor has natural tendency ( ‫قدرتی‬
‫ )رجحان‬to release (‫ )چھوڑ دینا‬charge therefore it need to be refreshed periodically. DRAM
is used as internal memory of computer as it has simple structure (‫ )سادہ ساخت‬and it is
also cost effective (‫ )الگت کے مقابلے فائدہ مند‬with high storage.

It has two types:

 SDRAM
 DDR SDRAM

1.2.1. SDRAM
SDRAM stands for Synchronous Random Access Memory. It is semiconductor memory
with very high speed. It is improved form of earlier DRAM. It works in synchronous ( ‫بیک‬
‫ )وقت – ایک ہی رفتار سے ہونے والے‬with system data bus therefore it operates at higher
speed than non-synchronous RAM.

1.2.2. DDR SDRAM

DDR SDRAM (Double Data Rate SDRAM) is an improved
SDRAM. It allows data transfer at double speed.

Types of DDR SDRAM used today are:

 DDR1 RAM (read or writes two words per clock

cycle.)
 DDR2 RAM (read or writes four words per clock cycle.)
 DDR3 RAM (read or writes eight words per clock cycle.)

DDR2 and DDR3 are used in computers nowadays.

9
Circuit is a path through which current can flow.

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 COMPUTER MEMORY
2. Read Only Memory (ROM):
ROM is a non-volatile memory i.e. it retains the information stored in it even when
power is not supplied. So, it is permanent storage device. ROM is written by
manufacturers not by users or programmers.

ROM has following types:

 Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM)

 Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory(EPROM)
 Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM)

2.1. PROM:
PROM is the type of ROM which is programmed only once and
then never can be changed. PROM is manufactured ( ‫بنائ چاتی‬
‫ )ہے‬blank (‫ )خالی‬and then it is programed once by blowing ( ‫اڑا‬
‫ )کر‬fuses10. Computer BIOS is an example of PROM.

2.2. EPROM:
EPROM is the type of ROM which can be erased. The data
written on EPROM can be removed by using Ultra Violet Rays
and it can be re-written. Its erasing time is about 20 minutes.
Intel 8048 chip is an example of EPROM.

2.3. EEPROM:
EEPROM is the type of ROM which can be erased and
reprogrammed within milliseconds. It has a limited number of
times for re-programming. Usually it can be re-programmed for
10,000 times. Flash drive is an example of EEPROM.

iii.) What is meant by secondary storage devices also explain the

difference between Sequential access and Random access.
Secondary storage devices:
Secondary storage devices are used to store data or programs permanently. Secondary
storage is necessary because data is lost from memory or primary storage when a
computer is turned off whereas secondary storage does not loose data. Therefore, it is

10
Fuse is a strip of wire that melts and breaks an electric circuit if the current exceeds a safe level.

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 COMPUTER MEMORY
commonly known as non-volatile storage. The data on it stays forever until it is deleted
or overwritten by the user. Some examples of secondary data storage are Hard Disk, CD,
Flash Memory, SD Cards (memory cards) etc.

Characteristics of secondary storage devices:

 It is non-volatile storage that is it retains data even after power is switched off.
 The storage capacity of these devices is very high.
 They are cheaper than main memory.
 They can be reused as data can be erased or deleted and then re-written.
 They can be sequential or random/direct access.

Difference between sequential and random access:

The differences between direct and sequential access are as follows:

HEADINGS SEQUENTIAL ACCESS STORAGE RANDOM ACCESS STORAGE

Storage Data is stored in linear order at It can store data at random ( ‫بے‬
adjacent locations. ‫ )ترتیب‬locations.
Access It access data in linear order. In It can access data directly without
order to read particular record, reading previous data.
It has to read all previous
records.
Speed It is slow. It is fast.
Uses Mostly use for data backup11 Mostly used when data is to be
searched (‫ )تالش‬and retrieved
quickly.
Cost Sequential access devices are Random access devices are
cheaper (‫ )سستا‬to produce expensive (‫ )مہنگا‬to produce.
(‫)بنانا‬.
Examples magnetic tapes (audio , video RAM, flash drives, Hard Disk etc.
cassettes )etc.

11
data backup is a copy of computer data taken and stored elsewhere so that it may be used to restore the original
after a data loss event

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 COMPUTER MEMORY
iv‫ )۔‬Describe the following along with their advantages and
disadvantages:

a) Magnetic tapes

b) Magnetic disks

c) Optical disks (CD, DVD, Blue Ray)

a) Magnetic Tapes:
Magnetic tape is a sequential access storage device that is used for data collection,
backup and archiving (‫)محفوظ کی گی دستاویز‬. It is consists of thin tape coated with
magnetic material. A device that store data on magnetic tape is called tape drive.

Advantages:

 A single magnetic tape cartridge can store large amount of data (up to 5
Terabyte). Large cartridges are used by big companies that require continuous
recording and backup of data.
 Magnetic tape can be recorded over and reused repeatedly.
 Large amount of data is stored.
 Magnetic tape is inexpensive and budget friendly.

Disadvantages:

 Special equipment (Tape Drive) must be purchased for recording and storing
data.
 Locating (‫ )تالش کرنا‬specific record requires reading every record before it.
 Updating requires coping file from original tape to blank tape and adding new
data in between while copying.
 It is necessary to keep older tape equipment just to be able to read the stored
data.

b) Magnetic Disks:
A magnetic memory is plate of plastic or metal (aluminum) coated (‫)تہ جڑھی ہوئ – لپٹا ہوا‬
with magnetic material such as ferric oxide. Data is stored magnetically. Each surface of
disk has concentric (‫ )ہم مرکز‬set of circles called track and each track is subdivided in

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 COMPUTER MEMORY
segment (‫ )ٹکڑوں‬called sectors. It can store Data in Terabytes. Hard disks and floppy
disks, zip disks are common example of magnetic disks.

Advantages:

 Magnetic disks support direct access of data i.e. records can be located directly
therefore they are faster than magnetic tape.
 Magnetic disks can be erased and refused many times.
 Magnetic disks are less vulnerable (‫ )شکار ہونا – غیر محفوظ‬to data corruption ( ‫خراب‬
‫)ہونا‬.
 Data transfer rate for a magnetic disk system is normally higher than a tape
system.

Disadvantages:

 Relies on moving parts.

 Heavy power consumption.
 It is noisy.
 Slower read and write speed than RAM.
 It is expensive than RAM
 The regular head can damage (‫ )نقصان پہنچا سکتا ہے‬the surface of the disk.

c) Optical Disks:
An optical disk is a data storage medium that can be written to and read from using a
low-powered laser beam. Most of today's optical disks are available in three forms:
compact disks (CDs), digital versatile disks (DVDs), and Blu-ray disks. Optical disks rely
on (‫ )پر انحصار کرتی ہے‬a red or blue laser to record and read data. Most of today's optical
disks are flat, circular and 12 centimeters in diameter. Data is stored on the disk in the
form of microscopic data pits (‫ )گڑھے‬and lands. Pits represent 0 as light do not reflect
from pits. The lands are the flat (‫ )ھموار‬areas representing 1 as light reflects (return
back) from lands.

Advantages:

 The cost of optical disks is very low.

 Magnetic field does not affect an optical disk.
 Optical disks are compact (small in size) and lightweight therefore are easy to
handle and are portable.

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 COMPUTER MEMORY
 The use of a single spiral (‫ )بل کھتا ہوا‬track makes optical disks an ideal storage
medium for reading large blocks of sequential data, such as music.

Disadvantages:

 The data access speed of optical disks is slower than magnetic disks.
 Need careful (‫ )محتاط‬handling.
 Susceptible (‫ )حساس‬to scratches (‫)خرونچ‬, dust and fingerprints.

v) Describe the following chip Memories with their advantages and

disadvantages.

a) Flash Memory

b) Memory Cards

a. Flash Memory:
Flash memory is a non-volatile storage chip that can store and erase
data electrically. It is specific type of EEPRTOM which is erased and
programmed in large blocks.

Flash Memory Drive also known as USB Flash Drive is a data storage device that includes
Flash memory with an integrated (‫ )ضم‬universal serial bus (USB) interface12. USB flash
drives can be attached to the computer and remove easily.

Advantages:

 It is portable.
 It can store data from 128MB to 2 TB.
 It is faster in read and write compared to Hard Disks.
 It is small in size.
 Consume less power.
 It is cheaper.
 Extreme changes in temperature and pressure do not affect it.
 It contains no moving parts.

12
Interface is the place at which independent and often unrelated systems meet and communicate with each
other

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 COMPUTER MEMORY
Disadvantages:

 Flash memories have limited number of write cycles that range from 3,000 to
100,000 depending on the technology used on the device.
 More expensive than CD or DVD as a medium.
 Due to small size these devices can be lost easily.

b. Memory Cards
Memory card also known as SD (Secure Digital) card is a non-volatile
flash memory card developed for use in portable devices such as
Mobiles, Cameras and laptops etc. It is very small and thin card. It
can be attached to devices having onboard SD Card slot13. It is used
to store data backups such as text, picture, audio and video. There
are few advantages and disadvantages of memory card:

Advantages:

 Memory card is non-volatile memory so it retains data.

 These are solid state media hence free from mechanical damages.
 The new generation memory cards are smaller, lighter and compact and have
higher storage capacity.
 They require less amount of power.
 They are highly portable.
 They do not produce any noise while on work.
 They come in all sort of sizes from 2 GB to 1TB SD.
 They have relatively large storage space compared to old backup devices.
 They can easily fit in memory card slot in different devices and are easily
removable.
 They can be used in different devices such as cameras, laptops or mobile phones.

Disadvantages:

 They are easily breakable.

 They can be lost or misplaced easily due to their small size‫۔‬
 These cards may be affected by electronic corruption (‫ )برقی خرابی‬and make
entire card unreadable.

13
Slots and ports are physical connection points that allow the hardware of a computer to be expanded. A port is a
socket (‫)خانہ‬. A slot is a slit (‫ چیرا‬a long, narrow cut or opening) on a motherboard. Slots are usually much longer
than they are wide, and have a gap running along the length.

C h a p t e r 2 | 15 Prepared By: Usman Ullah (MCS) Latamber (Karak) (0346-9273410)

 COMPUTER MEMORY
(MCQs)-Chapter2

i) ______________ memory holds data and programs not currently in use and provides
long-term storage.

A. Primary B. Secondary C. Main D. Internal

ii) ________________ is the smallest amount of memory a computer can hold?

A. Byte B. KB C. Bit D. MB

iii) Which of the following is the fastest memory?

A. RAM B. ROM C. Cache memory D. PROM

iv) How much is 1 Mega Byte Memory equal to?

A. 1024 K Bytes B. 1000 K Bytes C. 1024 K Bits D. 1024 G Bytes

v) Which material is used to make memory chips?

A. Iron B. Gold C. Silver D. Silicon

vi) Which of the following is volatile memory?

A. RAM B. ROM C. PROM D. EEPROM

vii) Which of the following is called internal processor memory?

A. RAM B. ROM C. Cache D. DRAM

viii) __________ has the highest storage capacity.

A. DVD B. Blu-ray Disk C. CD D. Zip disk

vi) _______ is a type of optical storage?

A. Hard disk B. Blu-ray Disk C. Floppy disk D. Zip disk

x) Which of the following is a sequential access storage device?

A. Magnetic disk B. Blu-Ray disk C. Magnetic tape D. Zip disk

C h a p t e r 2 | 16 Prepared By: Usman Ullah (MCS) Latamber (Karak) (0346-9273410)