Micro project report

On

“Impact Of Natural Disasters”

SUBMITTED TO M.S.B.T.E., Mumbai

For the Award of
DIPLOMA IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BY

Roll no Name of Student Enrollment no

07 Shital Hanumant Bagal 2110740076
35 Apurva Vinayak Patil 2110740118
38 Shivani Shahaji Pawar 2110740121
52 Vaishnavi Nandkumar Jagdale 2110740138

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Mrs.S.N. Bhairwade

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

NBA ACCREDIATED

SVERI’s College of Engineering (Polytechnic),Pandharpur

Gopalpur Pandharpur-413304
2023-24
AFFILIATED TO

M.S.B.T.E.

1
Evolution sheet for Micro Project

Academic Year: 2023-24 Name of Faculty: Mrs.S.N. Bhairwade

Course: Information Technology Course code: IF5I
Subject: Environmental Studies Subject Code: 22447
Semester: V Scheme: I

Title of Project:- Impact Of Natural Disasters

COs addressed by the Micro Project:

CO 1 Develop Public awareness about environment.

CO 2 Select alternative energy resources for Engineering practice.

Comments/Suggestions about team work/leadership/inter-personal communication (if any)

Marks out of 4
Marks out of 6 Total
for
for mars
Roll No Name of students performance
performance in out
in oral/
group activity of 10
Presentation

07 Shital Hanumant Bagal

35 Apurva Vinayak Patil
38 Shivani Shahaji Pawar
52 Vaishnavi Nandkumar Jagdale
Name and
Signature of Mrs.S.N. Bhairwade
faculty

2
 SVERI’s COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (POLYTECHNIC), PANDHARPUR.

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Project report entitled

“Impact Of Natural Disasters and Manmade Hazards”
Submitted by

Roll no Name of Student Enrollment no

07 Shital Hanumant Bagal 2110740076
35 Apurva Vinayak Patil 2110740118
38 Shivani Shahaji Pawar 2110740121
52 Vaishnavi Nandkumar Jagdale 2110740138

is a bonafide work carried out by above students, under the guidance of Mrs. S.N. Bhairwade and
it is submitted towards the fulfillment of requirement of MSBTE, Mumbai for the award of Diploma in
Information Technology at SVERI’s COE (Polytechnic), Pandharpur during the academic year 2023-2024.

(Mrs. S.N. Bhairwade)

Guide
(Mr.G. S.Misal) (Mr.N. D.Misal)
HOD Principal

Place: Pandharpur

Date: / /

3
 INDEX

Sr.

No. Title Page No.

1 Introduction 06

2 Resources Used 07

3 Advantages 08

4 Methodology

a) Natural disasters 09

b) Man-made disasters

5 Conclusion 19

6 References 20

4
 Acknowledgement

“Impact of Natural Disasters” has been developed successfully with a great

contribution of two students in a period of two months. We like to appreciate their
guidance, encouragement and willingness since without their support the project would
not have been a success. We would like to give our heartfelt gratitude to Principal
Mr.N.D.Misal, Guide Mrs.S.N. Bhairwade, & HOD Mr.G.S.Misal, who is the supervisor
of our project for helping and encouraging us in many ways to make our project a success.
We would never been able to finish our work without great support and enthusiasm from
friends and support from our family. We would like to thank the department of
Information Technology, for giving us permission to initiate this project and successfully
finish it.

5
  Introduction:-

Environmental studies are the study of human interaction with the environment and in the
interests of solving complex problems. Environment includes which we are directly or
indirectly dependent for our survival, whether it is living component like animals, plants
or non-living component like soil, air and water. Importance of environmental studies are
(a) People have to clarify modern environmental concept like how to conserve
biodiversity. (b) Usage of natural resources more efficiently. (c) Try to know the
sustainable way of living. The field encompasses study in basic principles of ecology and
environmental science, as well as associated subjects such as ethics, geography, policy,
politics, law, economics, philosophy, environmental sociology and environmental justice,
planning, pollution control and natural resource management. The main factors
influencing environmental behaviors: there is waste management behaviors like waste
reduce, reuse, Recycle and Recycling Processes. Reduce: People should make a simple
habit to reduce waste by avoiding disposable items like paper products, straws, plastic
covers and single serving containers. Pack your lunch or snacks in a box and it does not
involve throwing anything away. Avoid food wastes to your trash it prevents lost of
nutrients. Reuse: when we use something again is called reuse. Clothes are used to reuse
for the same purpose by washing dirty. People make a habit of donating clothes or unused
items to the orphanages or old age homes. Recycle: It involves collecting processing and
selling products from old materials. Cereal box made with 100% recycled paper and
aluminum can only be made from 40% recycled content.

6
 Resources Used:-

Sr. No. Specification Remark

1 Intel core i5 10th GEN As per requirement
2 Operating System – Windows 10 As per requirement
3 Application – Microsoft Word 2016 As per requirement

7
 Advantages:-

 Collaboration with suppliers.

 Better quality control.

 Shipping optimization.

 Reduced inventory and overhead costs.

 Improved risk mitigation.

 Stronger cash flow.

 A more agile business.

 Better visibility and data analyzer entrepreneur.

COs addressed by the Micro Project:

CO 1 Conserve Ecosystem and Biodiversity.
CO 2 Apply techniques to reduce environmental pollution.
CO 3 Manage social issues and environmental ethics as lifelong.

8
 Methodology:-

Disasters can be defined as a sudden, accidental event of great magnitude that causes
considerable damage to life and property. They are sudden, drastic and normally occur
without any alarm or warning. Some disasters may be short lived such as earthquakes
andsome other may be of long duration, such as floods.

However, irrespective of the duration of a disaster, the damage in the form of deaths,
injuriesand losses of property is immense. The magnitude of the disasters can be judged
by the fact that only during the past two decades, occurrences of floods, earthquakes,
landslides, cyclones, etc. have killed several million people.

Most of the disasters have a natural origin, however, some disasters are manmade as
well.On this basis, disasters can be broadly classified into two types.

 Natural disasters:

When disasters occur due to natural forces they are called natural disasters, over which
man has hardly any control. Some common natural disasters are earthquakes, landslides
floods, droughts, cyclones, etc. Tsunamis, volcanic eruptions and wildfires are also
included under natural disasters. These disasters cause enormous loss to life and
property.

 Man-made disasters:

When the disasters are due to carelessness of human or mishandling of dangerous

equipment's they are called man-made disasters. Common examples of these disasters
are train accidents, aero plane crashes. Collapse of buildings, bridges, mines, tunnels,
etc.

 Natural Disasters:

Some of the common natural disasters, their impact on environment, and their
prevention,control and mitigation are discussed below:

9
  EARTHQUAKES:-

An earthquake is the shaking of the earth's surface caused by rapid movement of the earth's
crust or outer layer. Ever since it came into existence 4.6 billion years ago, the earth has
been a dynamic, evolving system. The position of the different continents and oceans that
we see today has changed a number of times in the earth's history.

 Impact of Earthquake on the Environment:-

The destruction, an earthquake causes, depends on its magnitude and duration or the
amount of shaking that occurs. In the last 500 years. earthquakes around the world have
killed several million people. Earthquake is one of the most catastrophic natural
disasters. Massive loss of life and property occurs due to collapse of buildings. Besides,
roads, bridges, canals, electric poles, etc. are severely damaged. Certain regions of the
earth are more prone to earthquakes.
These are places located in the unstable regions of the earth crust, which are subjected
to tectonic activities. Countries like Japan, parts of Southeast Asia, Turkey, Iran,
Mexico, etc. are affected by severe earthquakes. In India, the entire Himalayan region,
parts of the Gangetic Plain, Kutch and Andaman and Nicobar islands are in the
earthquake hazard zone.

10
 Liquefaction:-
Earthquakes make sands and silts to transform from a solid to liquid state. This also
results inbuilding collapse.

Landslides:-
Earthquakes of high intensity often trigger many landslides in the hilly region.

Fires:-
It is a major hazard associated with earthquakes. The shakings of the ground and
damage often break the gas pipes and electric lines that cause fires.

 Tsunami:-

It is a Japanese term meaning harbor waves. Tsunamis are massive sea waves that are
mainly caused due to earthquakes in the ocean floor or possibly due to an undersea
landslide or volcanic eruption. When the ocean floor is tilted or offset during an
earthquake a set of waves is created similar to the concentric waves generated by an
object dropped into the water.
These waves are massive in size and gain height as they approach the seashore.
Tsunamis up to the height of 30 m are recorded. Tsunamis are the most catastrophic
among natural disasters as they affect a very wide geographical area. The tsunami of 26
December, 2004 killed around three lakh people and affected parts of Indonesia,
Andaman and Nicobar Islands in India, Sri Lanka and even Somalia.

11
  Prevention and Mitigation:-
Despite the advances made by modem science, the exact time and place where an
Earthquake may strike cannot be predicted. Hence, the occurrence of an earthquake cannot be
prevented. However, there are certain regions that are earthquakes prone and so the
administration must work before hand to minimize the damages due to occurrence of
earthquakes in such areas. The control and mitigation measures in earthquake prone regions
include hazard reduction programs, development of critical facilities and proper land use
planning.

Hazard reduction programs:

i. Earthquake education and evacuation plans.
ii. Use of proper construction material that is not injurious even if the structures collapse.
iii. Construction of quake resistant buildings having proper structural design.

Development of critical facilities:

i. Establishment of earthquake regulatory agencies for fast relief.
ii. Establishment of specific health care units for treating earthquake injuries Proper land use
planning.
iii. Mapping of faults and weak zones in earthquake prone areas.
iv. Buildings such as schools, hospitals, offices, etc. should be in areas away from active
faults.

 FLOODS:-

Floods refer to the inundation of large parts of land which otherwise remain dry by water for
some duration of time'. Floods are one of the most common natural disasters occurring in
many parts of the world every year. Floods occur due to heavy rainfall within a short duration
of time in a particular region which causes the rivers and streams to overflow.

Since most of the precipitation occurs within span of two to three months during the rainy
season, most floods occur during that time. The floods in the mountainous regions due to
cloudbursts or damming of streams are referred to as flash-floods. In flash-floods, the water
drains away quickly but only after causing extensive damage. The plain areas of a region
which are drained by a number of rivers, are the places most affected by floods.

12
In India, states like Assam, Bihar and parts of Gangetic Uttar Pradesh are quite prone to
floods during the rainy season. The Ganga and Brahmaputra rivers and their tributaries are
most susceptible to floods. However, heavy rains cause occasional floods in parts of Gujarat,
Maharashtra, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. Flooding, in India, is a major problem and some
part or the other is affected by the fury of floods usually during the months from July to
September. Floods cause untold miseries to the affected regions in the form of huge losses of
life and property. There is great damage to agriculture and livestock. Flood affected areas
face acute shortages of food and drinking water. Besides, floods cause a number of water
borne diseases such as diarrhea, gastroenteritis, jaundice, malaria, etc.

13
  Impact on the Environment:-

Though the lives lost in floods may not be as high as in case of earthquakes or cyclones, the
damage to the environment is immense. The problem is further aggravated if the floods last
for a longer duration of time.

Floods not only damage property and endanger if lives of humans and animals, but have
other effects as well, such as:

1. Floods cause the spread of many epidemic diseases.

2. Rapid runoff causes soil erosion.
3. Wildlife habitat and forests are often destroyed.
4. Manmade structures like buildings, bridges, roads, sewer lines, power lines, etc. are
Damage.
5. Floods cause widespread damage to the standing crops and degrade the agricultural land.
6. Flood affected areas are faced with acute shortage of food and drinking water.

 Prevention, Control and Mitigation:-

Though floods are a natural hazard, it is sometimes intensified due to undesirable human
activities. The measures that can be taken to control the extent of flood damage include land
use planning, building of physical barriers, preventing human encroachment and use of
technology for relief.

 Land use planning:-

Proper land use planning in flood prone areas includes:

1. Demarcation of the flood-prone areas that are first inundated during floods.

2. Construction work and concentration of human population should be avoided in the

floodplains.

3. Afforestation on the upper reaches of the river (catchment areas) to control soil erosion and
excessive runoff.

14
  Building of physical barriers:-
Flood can be prevented by building certain structures, such as:

1. Embankments along the banks of rivers in densely populated areas.

2. Building of reservoirs to collect excess water during floods.

3. The construction of channels that divert floodwater.

 Preventing human encroachment:-

Human encroachment should be avoided in the following areas:

1. Floodplains and catchment areas.

2. This would control deforestation and soil erosion which would prevent excessive runoff.

 Use of technology for relief:-

Advanced technology can be used in the following ways:

1. Advanced communication techniques for flood forecasting and warning.

2. Fast evacuation of people.

3. To provide relief in temporary shelters.

4. Immediate supply of medicines, drinking water, food and clothes.

5. Epidemic disease must be controlled through spraying, vaccination etc.

15
  DROUGHT:-

Drought is a condition of abnormally dry weather within a geographic region. Drought refers
to the lack or insufficiency of rain for an extended period of time in a specific region. During
droughts, rainfall is less than normal causing a water imbalance and resultant water shortage.
It occurs when the rate of evaporation and transpiration exceeds precipitation for a
considerable period. Drought should not be confused with dry climate, as in the Sahara or
Thar Desert. It is marked by an unusual scarcity of water and food for the humans as well as
animals.
Certain regions of the world, such as parts of Central Africa, are characterized by low amount
of rainfall resulting in perennial drought like conditions. Some part of India is often affected
by drought even during the rainy season. As India is primarily an agricultural country,
droughts cause untold miseries to the common people.
Many Indian farmers are still totally dependent on rainfall for irrigation and because of
abnormally dry spells there is extensive crop damage. The main drought prone areas of the
country are parts of Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Orissa, Tamil Nadu and
Chhattisgarh. However, sometimes drought-like conditions also prevail in the Gangetic Plain
also.

16
  Impact on the Environment:-

The severity of the drought is gauged by the degree of moisture deficiency, its duration, and
the size of the area affected. If the drought is brief, it is known as a dry spell or partial drought.

Drought causes serious environmental imbalances, which are summarized below:

1. Water-supply reservoirs become empty, wells dry up and there is acute water shortage.

2. Groundwater level is also depleted because of less recharge.

3. Soil degradation and erosion occurs. Soil cracks because shrinkage during desiccation.

4. There is extensive crop damage.

5. People become impoverished and there are diseases due to malnutrition.

6. Widespread damage to flora and fauna air including domestic animals.

 Prevention, control and mitigation:-

Rains are caused by a number of natural factors like air currents. wind direction, etc. Thus,
droughts are a natural phenomenon, beyond human control and prevention. Though, global
warming may have changed the pattern of rainfall in the recent times. In modem times, by
the use of satellites, we can predict the weather pattern over a particular area. Drought-like
conditions can be overcome by better water harvesting techniques. Certain precautions can
be taken in drought prone areas, which relate to management of water resources, proper
agricultural techniques and relief by different agencies.

 Management of water resources:-

1. Conservation of water through rainwater harvesting, building check dams, bunds, etc.

2. Construction of reservoirs to hold emergency water supplies.

17
  Proper agricultural techniques:-

1. Increased use of drought resistant crops.

2. Proper irrigation techniques, such as drip and trickle irrigation that minimize the use of
water.

3. Over-cropping and overgrazing should be avoided.

 Relief measures:-

Immediate relief to the drought-affected people should be provided in the form of:

1. Employment generation Programs, like food for work' in the drought affected areas.

2. To provide fodder for domestic animals

18
 Conclusion:-

Natural disasters are generated by sudden liberation of energy created by natural forces.
Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions represent the continuous release of thermal energy from
the interior of the planet. Atmospheric caused disasters like floods and erosion may be
exacerbates by alterations in weather and atmospheric composition due to human impact.

The best way to deal with disasters is educating and enforcing measurements to increase the
safety of buildings and planned development in order to avoid zones of high risk.

19
 References:-

1. https://images.app.goo.gl/t8BV1XZf8QCnEtNm7

2. https://images.app.goo.gl/vqY3uAcsHy9Rn7dx9

3. https://images.app.goo.gl/GHZtt7T6Dwv8Un3fA

20