Strap footing

Geometric and structural Design of Strap Footing (Cantilever Footing)

Usage:
1. Used when there is a property line which prevents the footing to be extended beyond the face of the edge
column. In addition to that the edge column is relatively far from the interior column so that the
rectangular and trapezoidal combined footings will be too narrow and long which increases the cost. And
may be used to connect between two interior foundations one of them have a large load require a large
area but this area not available, and the other foundation have a small load and there is available area to
enlarge this footing, so we use strap beam to connect between these two foundations to transfer the load
from largest to the smallest foundation
2. There is a “strap beam” which connects two separated footings. The edge Footing is usually eccentrically
loaded and the interior footing is centrically loaded. The purpose of the beam is to prevent overturning
of the eccentrically loaded footing and to keep uniform pressure under this foundation
3. Strap footings are used as alternatives to combined footings when the cost of combined footings is
relatively high.
4. Essentially a strap footing consists of a rigid beam connecting two pads (footings) to transmit unbalanced
shear and moment from the statically unbalanced footing to the second footing.

Design Assumptions
✓ strap is infinitely rigid
✓ strap is a pure flexural member and does not take soil reaction. (To confirm with this, strap
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is constructed slightly above soil or soil under strap is loosened).
Geometric and structural Design of Strap Footing (Cantilever Footing)

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Geometric and structural Design of Strap Footing (Cantilever Footing)

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Geometric and structural Design of Strap Footing (Cantilever Footing)

3. Determine and draw shear force and bending moment diagrams along the length of
the footings.
4. Select depths of footings for shear requirement.
5. Select steel reinforcement for bending requirement.
6. In short direction, the footings analyzed as spread footing subject to uniform soil
pressure.
7. Design strap as flexural member for the shear and moment obtained above.

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Geometric and structural Design of Strap Footing (Cantilever Footing)

Strap or Cantilever Footings Example

• Given
Column 1 size 30x 40 , Reinforcement. 4Φ20
Column 2 size 30x 40cm, Reinforcement. 4Φ20
Ultimate soil bearing pressure, qult = 100kPa
fyk = 500MPa
fck= 20MPa,
• Required:- Design a strap foundation for the given loads shown in the next slide.

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Geometric and structural Design of Strap Footing (Cantilever Footing)

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 Geometric and structural Design of Strap Footing (Cantilever Footing)
SOLUTION
1. Proportioning of footing
• Trial 1
Assume a1 = 3.00m
Then e = (3.00/2)- 0.15 = 1.35m
XR = 6.00-e = 6.00- 1.35 = 4.65m
Neglecting the weight of the strap, the soil reaction R1 will be determined by taking moment about R2.
4.65*R1 = 6.00*900 ↔ R1 = 1161.30kN
b1 = R1/(a1*σult) = 1161.30 /( 3*100) =3.87, use b1 = 3.90m
Hence dimension of footing 1 is 3.00 x 3.90m
• Now for the second footing
R2 = P1 +P2 –R1 = 900+1080 -1161.30=818.70kN
Area of footing = R2/ σult = 818.70/ 100 = 8.19m2
Take a1 =a2 =3.00m
b2 = 8.19/3 =2.73, use b2 = 2.75m
Dimension of footing 2 3.00 X2.75m
q1 = R1/a1 = 1161.30/3.00 = 387.1kN/m
q2= R2/a2 = 818.7 /3.00 = 272.90kN/m
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Since the distribution per meter run under the pad is different for each pad, a second trial should be made
Geometric and structural Design of Strap Footing (Cantilever Footing)

• Trial 2
Take a1 = 2.50m
Then e = (2.50/2)- 0.15 = 1.10m
XR = 6.00-e = 6.00- 1.1. = 4.90m
4.90*R1 = 6.00*900 ↔ R1 = 1102.04kN
b1 = R1/(a1*σult) = 1102.04 /( 2.50*100) =4.41, use b1 = 4.45m
Dimension of footing 1 2.50 x 4.45m
R2 = P1 +P2 –R1 = 900+1080 -1102.04=877.96kN
Area of footing = R2/ σult = 877.96/ 100 = 8.78m2
Take a2 =2.00m ( or use R1/a1 = R2/a2 to determine a2)
b2 = 8.78/2.00 =4.39, use b2 = 4.40m
Dimension of footing 2 2.00 X4.40m
q1 = R1/a1 = 1102.04/2.50 = 440.82kN/m
q2= R2/a2 = 877.96 /2.00 = 438.98kN/m
The difference between stress distributions is a small amount. Hence the final proportions
of the footings as shown in the next slide would be acceptable
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Geometric and structural Design of Strap Footing (Cantilever Footing)

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Geometric and structural Design of Strap Footing (Cantilever Footing)

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219.49 kN-m
Geometric and structural Design of Strap Footing (Cantilever Footing)
Calculation of Reinforcements – X-direction
– Footing 1
From BMD , M = 783.74kN-m

Assuming take Φ16mm dimeter bars, 50 mm cover and footing depth of 600 mm
d=D-cover-Φ = 600-50-16 = 534 mm
𝑀 106
𝑘= 2 = 783.74 ∗ 2
= 0.021
𝑏𝑑 𝑓𝑐𝑘 4450 ∗ 534 ∗ 30
𝑍 = 𝑑 0.5 + 0.5 1 − 3.53𝑘 0.5 ≤ 0.95𝑑 = 0.98𝑑 ≤ 0.95𝑑 take 0.95d
Z=0.95d=0.95*534mm=507.3 mm
Reinforcement calculation
𝑀
𝐴𝑠 = 𝐸𝑑 = 783.74 x 106 / (435 x 507.3) = 3551.55mm2 ≥ As,min =0.0015bd =3583.5 mm2 (take As.min)
𝑓𝑦𝑑 𝑍
Provide 18Φ16 (3618 mm2) (813.03 mm2/m) (The reinforcement should be placed at the top)
• Provide also minimum bottom reinforcement in the X-direction
As, min = 0.26× (fctm/fyk) × bd ≥ 0.0013 bd
fctm= 0.3 × fck0.67 = 0.3 × 30 0.67 = 2.9 MPa, fyk = 500 MPa,
b = 4450 mm, d = 534 mm
As, min = 0.26× (2.9/500) × 4450 × 534 = 3583.5 ≥ 0.0013 × 4450 × 534=3089.2 mm2
Provide 18Φ16. As = 3618 mm2.
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Geometric and structural Design of Strap Footing (Cantilever Footing)
Calculation of Reinforcements – Y-direction
– Footing 1
M = 507.76 kN-m (how ??)
Assuming take Φ16mm dimeter bars, 50 mm cover and footing depth of 600 mm
d=D-cover-Φ = 600-50-16 = 534 mm
𝑀 106
𝑘= 2 = 507.76 ∗ = 0.024
𝑏𝑑 𝑓𝑐𝑘 2500 ∗ 5342 ∗ 30
𝑍 = 𝑑 0.5 + 0.5 1 − 3.53𝑘 0.5 ≤ 0.95𝑑 = 0.98𝑑 ≤ 0.95𝑑 take 0.95d
Z=0.95d=0.95*534mm=507.3 mm
Reinforcement calculation
𝑀
𝐴𝑠 = 𝐸𝑑 = 507.76 x 106 / (435 x 507.3) = 2300.94 mm2 ≥ As,min =0.0015bd =2002.5 mm2 ( ok )
𝑓𝑦𝑑 𝑍
Provide 12Φ16 (2412 mm2) (964.8 mm2/m) (The reinforcement should be placed at the bottom)
• Provide also minimum top reinforcement in the y-direction
As, min = 0.26× (fctm/fyk) × bd ≥ 0.0013 bd
fctm= 0.3 × fck0.67 = 0.3 × 30 0.67 = 2.9 MPa, fyk = 500 MPa,
b = 2500 mm, d = 534 mm
As, min = 0.26× (2.9/500) × 2500 × 534 = 2013.18 ≥ 0.0013 × 2500 × 534=1735.5 mm2
Provide 11Φ16 (2211 mm2 ) ( The reinforcement should be placed at the top)
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Geometric and structural Design of Strap Footing (Cantilever Footing)
Calculation of Reinforcements – X-direction
– Footing 2
From BMD , M = 219.49 kN-m

Assuming take Φ16mm dimeter bars, 50 mm cover and footing depth of 600 mm
d=D-cover-Φ = 600-50-16 = 534 mm
𝑀 106
𝑘= 2 = 219.49 ∗ 2
= 0.0058
𝑏𝑑 𝑓𝑐𝑘 4400 ∗ 534 ∗ 30
𝑍 = 𝑑 0.5 + 0.5 1 − 3.53𝑘 0.5 ≤ 0.95𝑑 = 0.995𝑑 ≤ 0.95𝑑 take 0.95d
Z=0.95d=0.95*534mm=507.3 mm
Reinforcement calculation
𝑀
𝐴𝑠 = 𝐸𝑑 = 219.49 x 106 / (435 x 507.3) = 995 mm2 ≥ As,min =0.001508bd =3583.5 mm2 (take As.min)
𝑓𝑦𝑑 𝑍
Provide 18Φ16 (3618 mm2) (813.03 mm2/m) (The reinforcement should be placed at the bottom)
• Provide also minimum top reinforcement in the X-direction
As, min = 0.26× (fctm/fyk) × bd ≥ 0.0013 bd
fctm= 0.3 × fck0.67 = 0.3 × 30 0.67 = 2.9 MPa, fyk = 500 MPa,
b = 4450 mm, d = 534 mm
As, min = 0.26× (2.9/500) × 4450 × 534 = 3583.5 ≥ 0.0013 × 4450 × 534=3089.2 mm2
Provide 18Φ16. As = 3618 mm2.
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Geometric and structural Design of Strap Footing (Cantilever Footing)
Calculation of Reinforcements – Y-direction
– Footing 2
M = 399.08 kN-m (how ??)
𝑀 106
𝑘= 2 = 399.08 ∗ = 0.0233
𝑏𝑑 𝑓𝑐𝑘 2000 ∗ 5342 ∗ 30
𝑍 = 𝑑 0.5 + 0.5 1 − 3.53𝑘 0.5 ≤ 0.95𝑑 = 0.98𝑑 ≤ 0.95𝑑 take 0.95d
Z=0.95d=0.95*534mm=507.3 mm
Reinforcement calculation
𝑀
𝐴𝑠 = 𝐸𝑑 = 399.08 x 106 / (435 x 507.3) = 1808.45 mm2 ≥ As,min =0.0015bd =1610.5 mm2 ( ok )
𝑓𝑦𝑑 𝑍
Provide 9Φ16 (1809 mm2) (411.14 mm2/m) (The reinforcement should be placed at the bottom)
• Provide also minimum top reinforcement in the y-direction
As, min = 0.26× (fctm/fyk) × bd ≥ 0.0013 bd
fctm= 0.3 × fck0.67 = 0.3 × 30 0.67 = 2.9 MPa, fyk = 500 MPa,
b = 2500 mm, d = 534 mm
As, min = 0.26× (2.9/500) × 2500 × 534 = 1610.54 ≥ 0.0013 × 2000 × 534=1388.5 mm2
Provide 9Φ16 (1809 mm2 ) ( The reinforcement should be placed at the top)

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Geometric and structural Design of Strap Footing (Cantilever Footing)
Footing 1 Footing 2

0.4
0.3 0.4

0.3

1.068

Footing 1
Control perimeter = 2*0.3+0.4+2∏(0.534)=4.3535m
Area = 0.3x0.4+0.4x(1.068)+0.3(1.068)x2+0.5∏(1.068)^2 =2.98 m2
Footing 2
Control perimeter = 2*0.3+2*0.4+2∏(1.068)=8.11m
Area = 0.3x0.4+0.4x(1.068)x2+0.3(1.068)x2+∏(1.068)^2 =5.197 m2 16
 i. Shear stress of section
Soil pressure for footing 1= 99.06 kN/m2
Unit weight of concrete = 25 kN/m3
VEd,red = VEd - ΔVEd
ΔVEd = (99.06 × 2.98) - (25 × 0.6× 2.98) = 250.5 kN
VEd,red = 900 – 250.5 = 649.5 kN
vEd,red = VEd,red / u1d = 649.5 x103/(4353.5 x 534) = 0.279 N/mm2
ii. Shear Resistance of section

k = 1 + √(200/d) = 1 + √(200/534) = 1.61 < 2.0, therefore, k = 1.61

Vmin = 0.035k(3/2) fck0.5
Vmin = 0.035 × (1.61)1.5 × 300.5 = 0.392 N/mm2
Ρ1x = 3618/(4450*534)= 0.00152 and Ρ1y= 3618/(4400*534)= 0.00154
ρ1 = (Ρ1y Ρ1x)^0.5 = 0.00153< 0.02
VRd,c = 0.12 × 1.61 (100 × 0.00153 × 30 )(1/3) = 0.321 N/mm2
vRd,c=0.321 N/mm2 > vmin= 0.392 N/mm2.
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Take vRd=0.392 N/mm2 << vEd=0.279 N/mm2-------The depth is adequate
 Beam shear
• X- direction for footing 1
The magnitude of the wide beam shear is read from the shear force diagram at a distance of d from the face of
column 1.
VEd = 440.82 (0.30 +d) - 900 = 440.82 (0.30 +0.534) -900=532.40 kN
Shear stress, vEd = 532.4*1000 / 4450*534 = 0.224MPa
Shear capacity=vRd,c (from slide 17) = 0.392 MPa
0.224MPa < 0.392 MPa beam shear ok.
• Y- direction for footing 1
VEd = 99.06*(1.491*2.5)=369.250 kN
Shear stress, vEd = 369.25*1000 / 2500*534 = 0.277MPa
Shear capacity=vRd,c (from slide 17) = 0.392 MPa
0.224MPa < 0.392 MPa beam shear ok.
X- direction for footing 2
VEd = 438.98 (1.00+0.15+0.534) -1080 = 340.80 kN
Shear stress, vEd = 340.8*1000 / 4400*534 = 0.145 <<<0.392 Mpa>>ok
• Y- direction for footing 2
VEd = 99.768*(1.466*2.0)=292.520 kN
Shear stress, vEd = 292.52*1000 / 2000*534 = 0.274MPa <<<0.392 >>>>ok
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Thank you
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