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Concentration Game 1 Atoms are the smallest particles of any ________ carrying all the properties of that element.
Study Outline INCORRECT
Animations
Diseases and Disorders A) molecule

B) macromolecule

C) element

D) metal
Feedback: Elements are formed by the units called atoms.
2 CORRECT In a normal situation all atoms are

A) positively charged

B) electrically neutral

C) negatively charged

D) electrically insignificant
Feedback: Correct Answer
3 Electrons in the atom are the
INCORRECT

A) moving particles in the orbits surrounding the nucleus

B) unwanted particles

C) heavy particles residing in the nucleus

D) subatomic particles that only have negative charges

Feedback: Electrons move around the nucleus.
4 Which one among the following is found in atoms of all elements EXCEPT for hydrogen?
INCORRECT
A) electron

B) proton

C) nucleus
 D) neutron
Feedback: Electrons and protons are absolutely necessary particles for an atom.
5 CORRECT When different forms for the same atom exist due to the difference in the number of neutrons, they are
known as
A) atoms

B) isotopes

C) neutrons

D) molecules
Feedback: Correct Answer
6 Which statement among the following is true?
INCORRECT
A) Electrons are largely responsible for the weight of the atom.

B) Protons could easily move from one atom to other for the formation of molecules.

C) Depending on the number of electrons, they are moving in multiple orbits or shells.

D) Neutrons are another name for protons.

Feedback: There are multiple orbits surrounding the nucleus.
7 CORRECT The capability of any atom (other than inert elements) to react or to form any molecule depends on the

A) number of electrons

B) number of protons

C) number of neutrons

D) total number of protons and electrons

Feedback: Correct Answer
8 For the formation of molecules, ___________ is involved.
INCORRECT
A) mutual bonding

B) chemical reaction

C) chemical bonding

D) sharing of protons
Feedback: Chemical bonding is necessary for the formation of molecules.
9 From the periodic table what information about an element could be found?
INCORRECT
A) number of electrons

B) number of protons

C) number of neutrons

D) all of the above information is available

Feedback: The periodic table gives all the necessary information about an element.
10 An element has 7 electrons, 7 protons, and 7 neutrons, what will be the atomic weight of that element?
INCORRECT
A) 7

B) 14

C) 21

D) 0
Feedback: Protons and neutrons together give the atomic weight of an element.
11 Atomic number of an element is determined by the
INCORRECT
A) number of neutrons

B) position of electrons

C) number of protons

D) total number of electrons and protons

Feedback: Number of protons gives the atomic number.
12 A covalent bond is characterized by
CORRECT
A) sharing electrons by the atoms

B) sharing electrons by one atom and gaining electrons by the other

C) the attractive force between oppositely charged atoms

D) involvement of too many different forces

Feedback: Correct Answer
13 At present how many elements are known?
INCORRECT
A) 32

B) 125

C) 500

D) 108
Feedback: There are 108 elements in the periodic table.
14 Which of the following best describes a proton?
CORRECT
A) A proton has one positive charge, mass of one unit and found in nucleus.

B) A proton has negative charge, mass of one unit and found in nucleus.

C) A proton has one negative charge, no mass and found in nucleus.

D) A proton can have both positive and negative charge and found in nucleus.
Feedback: Correct Answer
15 When an atom is electrically charged (either positive or negative), it is known as a(n)
INCORRECT
A) molecule

B) radiation

C) ion

D) element
Feedback: Ions are electrically charged atoms.
16 In ionic bonding
INCORRECT
A) only non-polar molecules are involved

B) a "sea of electrons" is formed

C) electrons are transferred from one atom to another

D) two hydrogen atoms share one pair of electrons

Feedback: Ions are formed by only transfer of electrons.
17 Peptide bonds are found in all the molecules of
INCORRECT
A) carbohydrates

B) organic compounds

C) lipids

D) proteins
 Feedback: Peptide bonds link the unit of proteins.
18 The four most abundant elements in the human body are
INCORRECT
A) carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and iron

B) carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

C) calcium, hydrogen, sodium, and potassium

D) carbon, oxygen, magnesium, and zinc

Feedback: C, H, O and N are mostly found elements in our body.

19 The hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a molecule of water are held together by a(an) __________ bond.
INCORRECT
A) polar covalent

B) ionic

C) peptide

D) hydrogen
Feedback: Polar covalent bonds form water molecules.
20 Which statement about hydrogen bonding is true?
INCORRECT
A) Hydrogen bond is formed by sharing electrons between atoms.

B) Hydrogen bond also requires formation of ions.

C) Hydrogen bond is a weak force between atoms in a molecule but is of enormous importance in
physiology.
D) Hydrogen bond is nothing but a different form of hydrogen ion.
Feedback: Hydrogen bonds are weak bonds.
21 Bonding is necessary for the formation of
INCORRECT
A) molecules

B) ionic radiation

C) elements

D) atoms
Feedback: Atoms need to be bonded for the formation of molecules.
22 A molecule is said to be _______ when it gains one or more electrons.
INCORRECT
A) a free radical

B) electrified

C) oxydized

D) reduced
Feedback: A molecule is reduced when electrons are increased.
23 When two atoms are held together because their valence electrons orbit around both of them, they are
INCORRECT united by a(n) ________ bond.
A) ionic

B) hydrogen

C) covalent

D) electron
 Feedback: Atoms can be held together when electrons are shared between their orbits.
24 The complex and unique three-dimensional structure of a protein molecule is maintained largely by
INCORRECT __________ bonds.
A) electrovalent

B) covalent

C) ionic

D) hydrogen
Feedback: Hydrogen bonds maintain the protein molecule’s unique structure.
25 The molecular formula C6H12O6 means it has the following constituents
INCORRECT
A) one hydrogen and two oxygen atoms

B) one carbon, one hydrogen and one oxygen atoms

C) six carbon, twelve hydrogen and six oxygen atoms

D) one carbon, two hydrogen and one oxygen atoms

Feedback: The subscript immediately follows the element it applies to.
26 When molecules are formed by sharing electrons equally, those molecules are called
INCORRECT
A) salt molecules

B) polar covalent

C) non-polar covalent

D) macromolecules
Feedback: Nonpolar molecules share electrons equally.
27 Which of the following statements about molecules is true?
CORRECT
A) When two or more atoms bond, they form a new structure called a molecule.

B) Molecules have to be formed by atoms of same type of elements.

C) Molecules have to be formed by atoms of different type of elements.

D) All of the above statements are false.

Feedback: Correct Answer
28 Which one among the following expresses the chemical formula of glucose?
INCORRECT
A) C6H6O6

B) C6H12O6

C) CO2H2O

D) C6H12O6
Feedback: The number of hydrogen is double than the number of carbon or oxygen in a glucose
molecule.
29 Small molecules combine to form
INCORRECT
A) atoms

B) atomic molecules

C) macromolecules

D) micromolecules
Feedback: Macromolecules are formed by molecules.
30 An example of macromolecules in our body includes
INCORRECT
A) nucleic acids

B) proteins

C) carbohydrates and lipids

D) all of the above

Feedback: Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids all of these are formed by a number of
molecules.
31 If there are two lines connecting the atoms in any molecule, those double lines represent a(an)
INCORRECT
A) single bond

B) double bond

C) ionic bond

D) no relation
Feedback: Single bonds are represented by single line and double bond is represented by double lines
in between the atoms.
32 Which statement about solubility of a compound is TRUE?
INCORRECT
 A) Compounds are always solid and cannot be dissolved in any solution.

B) Solubility properties of compounds are completely unknown.

C) Compounds are always liquid and can be dissolved in any solution.

D) Compounds, depending on their structure, could be water-soluble or fat-soluble.

Feedback: Compounds could be dissolved in water or fats like alcohol.
33 Tissues can suffer extensive damage from ________________, due to the lack of antioxidants in the body.
CORRECT
A) free radicals

B) free electrolytes

C) free energy

D) a pH imbalance
Feedback: Correct Answer
34 A(n) _______ reaction is one in which two or more smaller molecules with low free energy are combined
INCORRECT into a larger molecule with greater free energy.
A) endergonic

B) exergonic

C) synthesis

D) decomposition
Feedback: Synthesis means production of new compounds.
35 An oxidizing agent _______ the molecule it oxidizes.
INCORRECT
A) increases the size of

B) adds H or H2 to

C) adds electrons to

D) reduces the free energy of

Feedback: Oxidation may cause a reduction of free energy.
36 A reduction reaction is always accompanied by
CORRECT
A) an oxidation reaction

B) decomposition

C) some energy release

D) huge nuclear decay

Feedback: Correct Answer
37 Which of the following is a synthesis reaction?
INCORRECT
A) Two amino acids are bonded together to form a dipeptide.

B) Sucrose is chemically broken down to form one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose.

C) Sodium chloride is dissolved in water.

D) Several dipeptide chains are formed from digestion of a long polypeptide chain.
Feedback: The term "di" refers to two.
38 Physical and chemical changes occurring in the body are defined as
INCORRECT
A) metabolism.

B) a synthesis reaction.

C) a decomposition reaction.

D) digestion.
Feedback: Metabolism includes both synthesis and decomposition.
39 The reaction Na + Cl → NaCl is an example of a(n) _________ reaction.
INCORRECT
A) exchange

B) synthesis

C) decomposition

D) catalyzed
Feedback: Sodium and chloride atoms combine to form sodium and chloride.
40 The most penetrating and harmful type of ionizing radiation produced by uranium and plutonium is
INCORRECT _________ radiation.
A) gamma

B) alpha

C) ultraviolet

D) beta
Feedback: Among alpha, beta and gamma radiation, gamma rays are the most penetrating.
41 Which of the following general equations depicts an exchange reaction?
INCORRECT
A) AB→ A + B

B) A + B → AB

C) AB + CD → AC + BD

D) AB → A– + B +
Feedback: An exchange reaction shows re-pairing of molecules.
42 Catabolism is a collective term for all the body's _______ reactions.
INCORRECT
A) endergonic

B) decomposition

C) reduction

D) synthesis
Feedback: Catabolism means breakdown or decomposition.
43 If an atom has 3 electrons in its second shell and its first shell is filled, it will tend to
INCORRECT
A) lose 3 electrons from its second shell

B) lose all of the electrons from its first shell

C) lose all of the electrons from its first and second shells

D) gain 2 electrons in its second shell

Feedback: A non-saturated shell has reactive electrons.
44 Electrolytes are substances that
INCORRECT
A) form covalent bonds with water.

B) ionize when dissolved in water.

C) cannot conduct electricity in solution.

D) are not found in the human body in any appreciable amounts.

Feedback: Electrolytes ionize when dissolved in water.
45 Synthesis reactions are particularly important in the body for
CORRECT
 A) release of energy

B) digestion of food products

C) growth of body parts

D) neutralization of acids by buffers

Feedback: Correct Answer
46 Which of the following reactions represents a decomposition reaction?
CORRECT
A) A + B → C + D

B) A + B → AB

C) AB → A + B

D) C + D → AB
Feedback: Correct Answer
47 A chemical reaction in which pairs of two different molecules trade positions with one another is called
INCORRECT __________.
A) decomposition

B) exchange

C) reversible

D) synthesis
Feedback: Pairs of two different molecules can change positions.
48 Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
INCORRECT
A) synthesis reaction - two reactants combine to form a larger product

B) decomposition reaction - large reactant broken into smaller products

C) oxidation - gain of electrons

D) dehydration reaction - water is a product of the reaction

Feedback: Compounds lose electrons during oxidation.
49 Which of the following factors will influence the rate of chemical reactions?
INCORRECT
A) temperature

B) concentration of reactants

C) presence of catalysts

D) all of these will influence the rate of chemical reactions

Feedback: Chemical reactions are influenced by temperature, reactants, and catalysts.
50 Energy stored in ATP is a form of _________ energy.
CORRECT
A) mechanical

B) chemical

C) potential

D) heat
Feedback: Correct Answer
51 A base is defined as a chemical that
INCORRECT
A) accepts H+

B) releases H+

C) releases H2O

D) accepts OH–
Feedback: Hydrogen ions are measured by pH.
52 A solution that resists changes in pH when H+ or OH– ions are added to it, is called a(n)
INCORRECT
A) buffer

B) base

C) alkali

D) neutral solution
Feedback: A buffer solution has a balance of hydroxyl and hydrogen ions and therefore resists change
in pH.

53 When hydrogen ion concentration increases, pH

CORRECT
A) increases

B) decreases

C) doesn't change

D) changes to neutral
Feedback: Lower pH indicates higher hydrogen ion concentration.
54 The pH is a scale that measures the
INCORRECT
A) concentration of hydrogen ions in solution

B) amounts of salts dissolved in water

C) number of hydroxyl ions in water

D) strength of an electrical current carried by a solution

Feedback:
pH scale determines the concentration of H+.

55 A(n) _____________ solution contains equal numbers of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions.
INCORRECT
A) acidic

B) basic

C) alkaline

D) neutral
Feedback: A solution with neutral pH has equal amount of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions.
56 Normal blood pH is maintained within a range of
CORRECT
A) 7.35 - 8.5

B) 7.35 - 7.45

C) 4.5 - 5.5

D) 1 - 14
Feedback: Correct Answer
57 The activity of enzymes depends on the optimum pH. What is the optimum pH for the enzyme pepsin
INCORRECT secreted from the stomach?
A) 12 - 14

B) 0 - 7

C) 1.5 - 2

D) 7.35 - 7.45
Feedback: Pepsin works in a highly acidic pH.
58 Substances formed by the reaction between an acid and a base are known as
INCORRECT
A) buffers

B) salts

C) compounds

D) macromolecules
Feedback: Salts are formed by acids and bases.
59 Which one among the following is an example of a salt?
CORRECT
A) calcium carbonate

B) sodium chloride

C) magnesium sulfate

D) all of the above are examples of salt

Feedback: Correct Answer
60 Lemon juice and vinegar are__________ in nature.
CORRECT
A) basic

B) salts

C) acidic

D) neutral
Feedback: Correct Answer
61 Which one among the following has a major role in our body structure?
INCORRECT
A) calcium carbonate

B) sodium chloride

C) magnesium sulfate

D) all of the above

Feedback: Hydroxy apatite is responsible for the hardness and strength of bone.
62 When a solute is dissolved in any solvent, the resulting mixture is called
CORRECT
A) a(n) solute

B) decomposed

C) a(n) solution

D) a(n) alcohol
Feedback: Correct Answer
63 Inorganic substances dissolve in water or react with water to release ions. Thus they are known as
INCORRECT
A) salts

B) electrolytes

C) bases

D) inorganic compounds
Feedback: Compounds, which release ions in water, are called electrolytes.
64 Inorganic compounds do not contain which of the following bonds?
INCORRECT
A) carbon and hydrogen

B) nitrogen and hydrogen

C) oxygen and hydrogen

D) carbon and sulfur

Feedback: All organic compounds have carbon and hydrogen.
65 Most metabolic reactions occur in
INCORRECT
A) alcohol

B) blood

C) carbon dioxide

D) water
Feedback: Water is the best medium for all metabolic reactions.
66 To maintain homeostasis which of the following conditions are necessary?
INCORRECT
A) Electrolytic imbalance is necessary.

B) Water volume has to be very low.

C) Electrolyte balance is key for maintaining homeostasis.

 D) There should not be any formation of ions.
Feedback: There should be a proper balance of all the electrolytes.
67 Which statement regarding the role of water in the body is true?
INCORRECT
A) Water can absorb and transport heat.

B) Water is the most abundant compound in the body.

C) Water carries nutrients as well as waste materials.

D) All of the above statements are true regarding the role of water in the body.
Feedback: Water is the most abundant compound, which helps in transportation and acts as medium
for most of the metabolic reactions.
68 Some inorganic compounds like __________mostly known as harmful are also required for some of the vital
INCORRECT body functions.
A) NO and CO

B) H2O and CO2

C) NaCl and PO4

D) NH4 and O2
Feedback: Carbon monoxide and nitric oxide both are required for metabolic reactions, memory and
other vital body functions.
69 Carbon dioxide in our body is present
INCORRECT
A) after the reaction occurs to synthesize protein

B) as a genetic factor

C) as a result of respiration

D) as a necessary compound for our body structure

Feedback: When oxygen is utilized during aerobic respiration, water and carbon dioxide are produced
as a bi-product.
70 Saline given to a patient to avoid dehydration is a solution of
INCORRECT
A) sodium chloride

B) carbon dioxide

C) oxygen in water

D) sodium bicarbonate
Feedback: A 0.9% NaCl solution is called saline solution.
71 Substances dissolved in the liquid portion of a solution are called the
INCORRECT
A) solutes

B) solvents

C) catalysts

D) osmoles
Feedback: A solute is a solid type of substance, which could be dissolved in a liquid.
72 Organic compounds are those that always contain
CORRECT
A) carbon and oxygen

B) carbon and hydrogen

C) hydrogen and oxygen

D) sulfur and phosphorus

Feedback: Organic compounds contain carbon and hydrogen.
73 Carbohydrates are also known as
CORRECT
A) harmful chemicals

B) primary source of energy

C) necessary components for protein formation

D) unsaturated compounds
Feedback: Correct Answer
74 A simple carbohydrate is characterized by
INCORRECT
A) having a molecular formula of C6H12O6

B) being a building block of nucleic acids

C) having several polypeptide chains joined together

D) having too many double bonds

Feedback:
A simple carbohydrate is C6H12O6.
75 There are four vital organic compounds in the human body; those are
INCORRECT
A) carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

B) proteins, cholesterol, hydrocarbons, and sodium chloride

C) carbohydrate, protein, plastic, and nucleic acid

D) sodium chloride, carbon dioxide, calcium carbonate, phospholipid

Feedback: Four vital compounds in the body are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.
76 A major function of Deoxyribo Nucleic Acids (DNA) is that DNA
INCORRECT
A) helps in the synthesis of varieties of nucleic acids

B) is important in building muscles

C) stores genetic information

D) is important in building carbohydrates

Feedback: DNA is the carrier of genetic information.
77 Which of the following statements about lipids is true?
INCORRECT
A) Lipids are insoluble in water.

B) Cholesterol and fats are different varieties of lipids.

C) Fat molecules contain C, H, and O, but the proportion of oxygen is much smaller than in
carbohydrates.
D) All of the above statements are true about lipids.
Feedback: Lipids like cholesterol are insoluble in water and contain small proportion of oxygen than
carbohydrate molecules.
78 A general characteristic of nucleic acids is that they are
INCORRECT
A) very small, simple molecules

B) a combination of inorganic and organic compound

C) all composed of building blocks called nucleotides

D) a type of inorganic compound

Feedback: Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids.
79 A protein can become denatured when
CORRECT
A) bonds between C-O are broken

B) weak hydrogen bonds are broken

C) peptide bonds are broken

D) none of the above

Feedback: Correct Answer
80 Which of the following statements about proteins is true?
INCORRECT
A) Proteins are necessary for body structure and they serve as energy sources, and chemical
messengers.
B) Proteins are made up with C, H, O, and N, and sometimes S.

C) They can act as enzymes.

D) All of the above statements are about proteins.

Feedback: Proteins are energy sources, contain C, H, O, N, S, and can act as enzymes.
81 Which of the following is an organic compound?
INCORRECT
A) hydrochloric acid (HCl)

B) salt (NaCl)

C) glucose (C6H12O6)

D) water (H2O)
Feedback: Glucose is a type of carbohydrate.
82 The molecule used most frequently by cells as a fuel belongs to which of the following groups?
CORRECT
A) prostaglandins

B) carbohydrates

C) nucleic acids

D) steroids
Feedback: Correct Answer
83 Proteins are composed of building blocks called
INCORRECT
A) triacylglycerols
 B) phospholipids

C) amino acids

D) monosaccharides
Feedback: Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.

84 The primary structure of a protein is determined by the

INCORRECT
A) number of polypeptide chains in the molecule

B) sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain

C) folded, helical nature of the molecule

D) the number of polypeptide and hydrogen bonds

Feedback: The sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain is the primary structure of a protein.
85 Carbohydrates contain units known as
INCORRECT
A) phosphate groups

B) monosaccharides

C) amino acids

D) steroids
Feedback: Carbohydrates contain monosaccharides.
86 Which of the following is mismatched?
INCORRECT
A) cholesterol — nucleic acid

B) enzyme — protein

C) ribose — RNA

D) triglycerol — fat
Feedback: Cholesterol is a type of lipid.
87 Which of the following is a source of nitrogen for the body?
INCORRECT
A) carbohydrates

B) water

C) proteins

D) glucose
Feedback: Protein molecules are formed by C, H, O and N.
88 Which of the following would be classified as a lipid?
INCORRECT
A) cholesterol—a steroid

B) alanine—an amino acid

C) starch—a polysaccharide
 D) catalase—an enzyme
Feedback: Cholesterol is a type of lipid.
89 Adjacent amino acids in a polypeptide chain are held together by _________ bonds.
INCORRECT
A) hydrogen

B) ionic

C) Van der Waals

D) peptide
Feedback: Peptide bonds hold adjacent amino acids in a polypeptide chain together.
90 Hemoglobin in the red blood cells is formed by the ____________ structure of protein.
CORRECT
A) primary

B) quaternary

C) secondary

D) tertiary
Feedback: Correct Answer
91 How many strands of nucleic acids are there in a DNA molecule?
INCORRECT
A) 10

B) 5

C) 4

D) 2
Feedback: DNA has double helix.

92 A(n) _______ is any chemical that easily donates electrons to other chemicals.
CORRECT
A) oxidizing agent

B) reducing agent

C) catalyst

D) reactant
Feedback: Correct Answer
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