NEWTON’S

LAWS OF
MOTION
Significance of Newton’s Laws
 For many centuries many philosophers had
debated the nature of the universe base on
the rules of logic
 Philosophers like Aristotle(384 – 322 BC) first
said that IF THERE IS NO FORCE THERE CAN BE
NO MOTION.
 Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) said that A BODY
MOVING IN A FRICTIONLESS HORIZONTAL
SURFACE DOES NOT NEED AN EXTERNAL
FORCE TO MAINTAIN ITS UNIFORM SPEED.
Significance of Newton’s Laws
 Inspired from those ancient
philosophers/scientists Sir Isaac Newton
(1643 – 1727) he published his famous
book, Principia Mathematica
 The book discusses the three laws of
motion which now has become one of
the fundamental laws in physics.
Terms and Definitions
 KINEMATICS & DYNAMICS
 KINEMATICS  Describes the objects motion
by answering the questions:
 When?
 Where?
 How Fast?
 How Far?
 How Long?
 It does not ask: Why the object is moving in that
certain way
Terms and Definitions
 DYNAMICS  Describes the objects motion by
answering the questions:
 Why is the object moving in a certain way?
 What causes the object to change its velocity?
 DYNAMICS  Studies the causes of changes in
the object’s motion
 DYNAMICS  Studies motion on a deeper level
than kinematics.
DYNAMICS
 Describes the motion of objects and the
forces acting on them.
 Language of Dynamics
 Force: The measure of interaction between
two objects [It is a vector quantity].
 Mass: The measure of how difficult it is to
change the object’s velocity.
FORCES
A measure of interaction between two
objects (pull or push).
 Vector quantity  it has magnitude and
direction.
 Classifies as contact forces or non-
contact forces.
FORCES
Gravitational Force
Tension Force
Normal Force
Friction Force
Spring Force
NET FORCES
A resultant force acting on the object

𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝐹 = 𝐹1 + 𝐹2 +𝐹3 + ⋯

 Therules of vector addition is applied to solve

your net force or the resultant force
NET FORCES
NET FORCES
Newton’s First
Law
Also known as LAW OF INERTIA
LAW OF INERTIA
An object at rest tends to stay at
rest and an object in motion tends
to stay in motion with the same
speed and in the same direction
unless acted upon by an
unbalanced force.
LAW OF INERTIA
An object at rest remains as long
as no net force acts on it.
An object moving with constant
velocity continues to move with
the same speed and in the same
direction as long as no net force is
applied
LAW OF INERTIA
 When forces are balanced, the acceleration
of the objection is ZERO.
 Object at rest: v = 0 and a = 0
 Object in motion: v ≠ 0 and a = 0
 Thenet force is zero if the forces are
balanced:

𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝐹 = 𝐹1 + 𝐹2 +𝐹3 + ⋯ = 0
Newton’s Second
Law
Also known as LAW OF FORCE AND
ACCELERATION
LAW OF FORCE AND ACCELERATION
 Theacceleration of an object is directly
proportional to the net force acting on it and
inversely proportional to its mass

𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝐹
𝑎= =
𝑚 𝑚
LAW OF FORCE AND ACCELERATION
 Equation used in Newton’s Law

𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑚𝑎
 SI Units of Force:

𝑘𝑔 ∗ 𝑚
1𝑁 =1
𝑠2
LAW OF FORCE AND ACCELERATION
A force on an object will cause it
to accelerate.
The acceleration is directly
proportional to the force.
The acceleration is inversely
proportional to the mass.
EXAMPLES  TheLeopard 2PL
main battle tank
weights about
5.9x104 kg and its
engines have a
maximum output
force of 44.25 kN.
What is its maximum
acceleration?
 EXAMPLES
 Given:
 F = 44.25 kN
 m = 5.9x104 kg
 Reqd:
 a=?
 Soln:
𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎
44.25 𝑘𝑁 = 5.9𝑥104 kg a

𝑎 = 0.75 𝑚
𝑠2
EXAMPLES
 Object’smass = 2 kg, F1 = 10 Newton, F2 = 1
Newton. The magnitude of the acceleration
on the horizontal is?
EXAMPLES
Given:
 F2 = -1 N
 F1 = 10 N
 m = 2 kg

Reqd:
 Magnitude of the acceleration
EXAMPLES
 Toknow what direction it will move: solve it in
the x-axis.
EXAMPLES
Soln: Solve the total force on the x
axis
𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝐹 = 𝐹1𝑥 + 𝐹2𝑥

𝐹 = 10 cos 60 − 1; 𝐹 = 4 𝑁

𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎; 4𝑁 = (2𝑘𝑔)(𝑎)

𝑎=2 𝑚
𝑠2
Newton’s Third
Law
Also known as LAW OF ACTION AND
REACTION
LAW OF ACTION AND REACTION
Forevery action, there is an
equal and opposite reaction.
LAW OF ACTION AND REACTION
Ifobject 1 and object 2
interact, the force exerted by
object 1 on object 2 is equal in
magnitude but opposite in
direction to the force exerted
by object 2 on object 1.
LAW OF ACTION AND REACTION
 F12may be called the
action force and F21
the reaction force
 Either of the forces
can be the action or
the reaction force
 The action and
reaction forces act on
different objects
ACTION AND REACTION FORCE
 Ifa bird collides with the windshield of a fast-
moving plane, which experiences an impact
force with a larger magnitude?
a) The bird
b) The plane
c) Same force
d) Not enough info
ACTION AND REACTION FORCE
 Which of the two experiences greater
acceleration?
a) The bird
b) The plane
c) Same force
d) Not enough info
PARADOXICAL??
Ifyou pull the object back
on you just as hard as it
pulls on you, HOW CAN IT
EVER ACCELERATE?
MASS VS.
WEIGHT
Identifying the difference between
the two
MASS
The mass of a body is a measure if
its inertia.
The higher the mass the harder it is
to remove it from rest.
The higher the mass the harder it is
to change its motion
Measured in grams/pounds
 WEIGHT
 Itis the pull of the gravitational force on that
body.
 So that when we apply the second law on a
body of mass m we get the equation of
Weight:
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑊 = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑚 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑔

𝑊 = 𝑚𝑔
CONTACT AND
NON-CONTACT
FORCES
Identifying what they are and their
existence in our world.
CONTACT VS NON-CONTACT
CONTACT FORCES  Acts on the
object only by touching it.
NON-CONTACT FORCES  Is a
force that is exerted from a
distance without contact or
touching. Also known as LONG –
RANGE FORCE.
CONTACT FORCES
Tension  In a sense, the
tension is the pull exerted by a
STRING, ROPE, or CABLE when
attached to a body and
pulled taut.
CONTACT FORCES
Normal Force  a contact
force exerted by a surface
on an object. Its direction is
perpendicular but away
from the surface.
NORMAL FORCE
CONTACT FORCES
Kinetic and Static Friction  This
contact force acts to oppose
sliding motion between surfaces.
Direction is parallel to the surface
and opposite to the direction of
sliding.
KINETIC AND STATIC FRICTION

KINETIC FRICTION STATIC FRICTION

KINETIC AND STATIC FRICTION

REMEMBER!
STATIC
FRICTION IS
BIGGER THAN
KINETIC
FRICTION
CONTACT FORCES
Spring Force  It a contact
force which is either a pull or a
push exerted on an object by
a spring. Direction of the force
is opposite to its displacement.
SPRING FORCE
CONTACT FORCES
Thrust Forces that move
objects such as rockets,
airplanes, cars, and people. It
has the same direction as the
acceleration of the object.
THRUST FORCE
NON – CONTACT FORCES
Gravitational Force  Force
between two bodies in the
universe due to the gravitational
attraction between them.
This is a typical action-at-a-
distance force, just like your
Weight
GRAVITATIONAL FORCES
NON – CONTACT FORCES
 ElectricForce  The repulsive or
attractive interaction between any
two charged bodies
 Magnetic Force  attraction or
repulsion that arises between poles of
a magnet or electrically charged
particles because of their motion
ELECTROMAGNETIC FORCE