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A1-Lecture - 1

A1

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4 views1 page

A1-Lecture - 1

A1

Uploaded by

Rana Waseem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Population genetics is the study of the genetic composition of populations, including

distributions and changes in genotypic and phenotypic frequency in response to the


processes of natural selection, genetic drift, mutation and gene flow.

Natural selection: The process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to
survive and produce more offspring. The theory was first described by Charles Darwin.

Gene. A gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity. Genes are made up of
DNA. Some genes act as instructions to make molecules called proteins. Alleles are forms of
the same gene with small differences in their sequence of DNA bases.
Heredity, the sum of all biological processes by which particular characteristics are
transmitted from parents to their offspring.
The set of genes that an offspring inherits from both parents, a combination of the genetic
material of each, is called the organism's genotype.
Genotype. The genetic makeup of an organism; in other words, it describes an organism's
complete set of genes.
Genotype frequency in a population is the number of individuals with a given genotype
divided by the total number of individuals in the population. ... Genotype frequency may
also be used in the future (for "genomic profiling") to predict someone's having a disease or
even a birth defect.

Genotype frequency Genotypic frequencies at a specific locus can be calculated by


counting number of individuals with particular genotype and divide this number by the
total number of individuals in the populations. So, from the above sample the genotypic
frequency of each individual is calculated as follows: 1. Frequency of Red (RR)
individuals = 30/100 = 0.30 2. Frequency of Pink (Rr) individuals = 40/100 = 0.40 3.
Frequency of White (rr) individuals = 30/100 = 0.30

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