IoT & Embedded Systems

INTRODUCTION TO
IoT & EMBEDDED
SYSTEMS
PRESENTER:
OPONDO
BROONO

27/09/2024

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IoT & Embedded Systems

Introduction to IoT
and Embedded
Systems
 What is IoT?
 IoT stands for the Internet of Things

 A network of physical objects embedded

with sensors, software, and other
technologies
 What is an Embedded System?
 A combination of hardware and software
designed for a specific function
 Used in devices that are part of IoT
ecosystems

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IoT & Embedded Systems

What is IoT?

 Definition of IoT
 IoT enables devices to connect and
exchange data over the internet
 Examples of IoT Applications
 Smart homes, healthcare systems,
industrial automation

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IoT & Embedded Systems

What is an
Embedded
System?
 Definition of Embedded Systems
 A microcontroller-based system
performing dedicated tasks
 Examples
 Microcontrollers in washing machines,
smart thermostats, and wearable devices

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IoT & Embedded Systems

Collect data from the

Sensors environment

Devices that convert

Actuators electrical signals into
physical actions
Key
Components Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or
Connectivity cellular networks
of IoT connecting devices

The way users

User Interface interact with IoT
devices

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IoT & Embedded Systems
The "brain" of
the system,
Microcontrollers controlling
hardware
components

Key
Components Memory
Stores data and
program

of instructions

Embedded
Systems Input/Output
Facilitates
communication
with external
Interfaces devices

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IoT & Embedded Systems

Collects data
from the
Perception Layer environment
using sensors

Transmits data
Slide 7: IoT Network Layer to processing
systems

Architecture
Processes
data and
Application Layer provides
services to
users

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IoT & Embedded Systems

Sensors in IoT
 Types of Sensors
 Temperature sensors, humidity sensors,
motion detectors, etc
 Role of Sensors
 Collect real-time data from the
environment for analysis and automation

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IoT & Embedded Systems

Actuators in IoT

 Types of Actuators
 Motors, relays, and solenoids
 Role of Actuators
 Perform actions based on data processed
by the IoT system

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IoT & Embedded Systems

Microcontrollers in
Embedded Systems
 What are Microcontrollers?
 Small computers that process inputs and
control outputs
 Popular Microcontrollers in IoT
 Arduino, ESP32, Raspberry Pi

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IoT & Embedded Systems
Standard for wireless
Wi-Fi communication over
short distances

Ideal for low-power,

Bluetooth short-range
communication

Communication
Protocols in IoT Zigbee Low-power mesh
networking standard

Long-range, low-power
LoRa protocol for wide-area
networks

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IoT & Embedded Systems

Data Processing in
IoT
 Edge Computing
 Processing data at the device level to
reduce latency
 Cloud Computing
 Centralized processing and storage of
data on cloud servers

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IoT & Embedded Systems

Security in IoT
 Challenges
 Vulnerability to hacking, data breaches,
and privacy concerns
 Solutions
 Encryption, strong authentication, and
secure communication protocols

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IoT & Embedded Systems

Embedded
Systems Design
 Hardware and Software Integration
 Coordination between hardware
components and software
 Design Process
 Define requirements, choose
components, and develop firmware

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IoT & Embedded Systems

Real-Time
Operating
Systems
 Importance of RTOS
 Ensures tasks are completed in a timely
manner, critical for time-sensitive
applications
 Use Cases for RTOS
 Medical devices, automotive systems, and
industrial control systems

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IoT & Embedded Systems
Provides cloud
services to
connect,
AWS IoT monitor, and
manage IoT
devices

Microsoft’s IoT
platform for
IoT Azure IoT analytics and
real-time data
insights
Platforms
Helps manage
IoT devices and
Google Cloud IoT process data
efficiently

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IoT & Embedded Systems

Case Study 1:
Smart Homes
 What is a Smart Home?
 A home equipped with IoT devices that
automate tasks like lighting, security, and
climate control
 Examples of Smart Home Devices
 Smart thermostats, smart locks, voice
assistants

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IoT & Embedded Systems

Use of IoT in
manufacturing,
What is Industrial supply chain,
and logistics to
IoT ? improve
efficiency

Case Study
2: Industrial
Predictive

IoT Benefits
maintenance,
real-time
monitoring,
automation

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IoT & Embedded Systems

The Role of AI in
IoT
 How AI Enhances IoT
 Machine learning analyzes IoT data for
pattern recognition and predictive analysis
 Examples
 AI-driven smart devices that learn user
behavior and optimize performance

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IoT & Embedded Systems

Challenges in IoT and

Embedded Systems
 Scalability
 Managing millions of connected devices
 Power Consumption
 Need for low-energy devices
 Security Concerns
 Protecting data and device integrity from
cyberattacks

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IoT & Embedded Systems

Future Trends in
IoT
 5G and IoT
 High-speed, low-latency connectivity to
support a massive number of devices
 Smart Cities
 Integration of IoT to improve urban
infrastructure, traffic management, and
resource distribution

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