SIXTH SEMESTER

B.Tech.
Electronics & Communication
Engineering (ECE)

Syllabus

I K Gujral Punjab Technical University

Jalandhar-Kapurthala Highway, Kapurthala-
144603 (PB)
 BTEC-601-18 Credits L T P Int Ext

Wireless Communication 3 3 0 0 40 60

Course Objective
This is one of the fundamental courses meant to understand the important concepts related to Wireless
communication using suitable mathematical models.

Course Outcomes
At the end of this course students will demonstrate the ability to:
1.Understand the basic elements of Cellular Radio Systems and its design
2.Learn about the concepts Digital communication through fading multipath channels
3.Understand various Multiple Access techniques for Wireless communication
4.Know about the Wireless standards and systems

Unit 1: Elements of Cellular Radio Systems Design: Basic cellular system,

Performance criteria, Components and Operation of cellular systems, Planning a cellular system,
Analog & Digital cellular systems, Concept of frequency reuse channels, Co-channel
interference, Reduction factor, desired C/I for a normal case in an omni directional antenna
system, Cell splitting.

Unit 2: Digital Communication through fading multipath channels: Fading

channels and their characteristics- Channel modelling, Digital signalling over a frequency non
selective slowly fading channel. Concept of diversity branches and signal paths. Combining
methods: Selective diversity combining, Switched combining, Maximal ratio combining, Equal
gain combining.

Unit 3: Multiple Access Techniques for Wireless Communications: Introduction,

Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Spread
Spectrum Multiple Access, Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA), Packet Radio Protocols;
Pure ALOHA, Slotted ALOHA.

Unit 4: Wireless Systems & Standards: AMPS and ETACS, United states digital
cellular (IS- 54 & IS 136), IEEE Standards, Global system for Mobile (GSM): Services, Features,
System Architecture and Channel Types, Frame Structure for GSM, Speech Processing in GSM,
GPRS/EDGE specifications and features. 3G systems: UMTS & CDMA 2000 standards and
specifications. CDMA Digital standard (IS 95): Frequency and Channel specifications, Forward
CDMA Channel, Reverse CDMA Channel, Wireless Cable Television.

Unit 5: Evolution of Communication Generations: Introduction to Bluetooth,

Zigbee, LTE-Advance systems, 4G & 5G Mobile techniques and Emerging technologies.

Recommended Books:
1. T.S. Rappaport, Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice, 2nd Edition, Pearson Education
Asia, 2010.
2. William C Y Lee, Mobile Cellular Telecommunications, 2nd Edition, MGH, 2004.
3. Raj Pandya, ―Mobile and Personal Communication systems and services‖, Prentice Hall of India,
2001.
4. Wireless and Digital Communications; Dr. Kamilo Feher (PHI), 1998.

BTCS-504-18 Credits L T P Int Ext

Computer Networks 3 3 0 0 40 60

Course Objective
This is one of the fundamental courses meant to understand the important concepts related to Computer
networking.

Course Outcomes
At the end of this course students will demonstrate the ability to:
1.Explain the functions of the different layer of the OSI Protocol
2.Describe the function of each block of wide-area networks (WANs), local area networks (LANs) and
Wireless LANs (WLANs)
3.Develop the network programming for a given problem related TCP/IP protocol
4.Learn about DNS DDNS, TELNET, EMAIL, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), WWW, HTTP, SNMP,
Bluetooth, Firewalls using open source available software and tools.

Unit 1: Data Communication - Data Communication System & its Components, Representation
of data and its flow Networks, Various Connection Topologies, Protocols and Standards, OSI model,
Transmission Media, LAN: Wired LAN, Wireless LANs, Connecting LAN and Virtual LAN, Techniques
for Bandwidth utilization.

Unit 2: Data Link Layer and Medium Access Sub Layer - Design issues, Framing,
Error detection and correction codes: checksum, CRC, hamming code, Data link protocols for noisy
and noiseless channels, Sliding Window Protocols: Stop & Wait ARQ, Go-back-N ARQ, Selective
repeat ARQ, Data link protocols: HDLC and PPP

Unit 3: Network Layer Switching - Logical addressing IPV4, IPV6; Address mapping – ARP,
RARP, BOOTP and DHCP–Delivery, Forwarding and Unicast Routing protocols.

Unit 4: Transport Layer Process to Process Communication - User Datagram

Protocol (UDP), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), SCTP Congestion Control; Quality of Service,
QoS improving techniques: Leaky Bucket and Token Bucket algorithm.

Unit 5: Application Layer - Domain Name Space (DNS), DDNS, TELNET, EMAIL, File
Transfer Protocol (FTP), World wide web (WWW), HTTP, SNMP, Bluetooth, Firewalls.

Recommended Books:
1. Data Communication and Networking, 4th Edition, Behrouz A. Forouzan, McGraw- Hill 2007.
2. Data and Computer Communication, 8th Edition, William Stallings, Pearson Prentice Hall India 2007.
3. Computer Networks, 8th Edition, Andrew S. Tanenbaum, Pearson New International Edition 2013.
4. Internetworking with TCP/IP, Volume 1, 6th Edition Douglas Comer, Prentice Hall of India 2015.
5. TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1, W. Richard Stevens, Addison-Wesley, USA 2012 .
 BTEC-602-18 Credits L T P Int Ext

Optical Fibres and Communication 4 3 1 0 40 60

Course Objective
This is one of the fundamental courses meant to understand the important concepts related to Optical
Fibres and Communication.

Course Outcomes
At the end of this course students will demonstrate the ability to:
1.Understand the basics of Optical Communication and Optical fibres
2.Learn about the Optical Transmitters and Receivers
3.Expalin the Light wave Architecture and systems
4.Ability to explain the manufacturing, modulation and wave mixing in Optical Communication

Unit 1: Introduction
Need of Fiber Optic Communications, Evolution of Light wave Systems, Channel Multiplexing,
Modulation Formats, Optical Communication Systems, Light wave System Components;
Optical Fibers as a Communication Channel, Optical Transmitters, Optical Receivers.

Unit 2: Optical Fibers

Geometrical-Optics Description; Step-Index Fibers, Graded Index Fibers, Wave Propagation;
Maxwell’s Equations, Fiber Modes, Single-Mode-Fibers, Dispersion in Single-Mode Fibers;
Group Velocity Dispersion, Material Dispersion, Wave guide Dispersion, Higher-order
Dispersion, Polarization-Mode Dispersion, Dispersion-Induced Limitations; Basic Propagation
Equation, Chirped Gaussian Pulses, Limitations on the Bit Rate, Fiber Bandwidth, Fiber Losses;
Attenuation Coefficient, Material Absorption, Rayleigh Scattering, wave guide Imperfections,
Nonlinear Optical effects; Stimulated Light Scattering, Nonlinear Phase Modulation, Four Wave
Mixing, Fiber Manufacturing; Design Issues, Fabrication Methods, Cables and Connectors.

Unit 3: Optical Transmitters

Basic Concepts; Emission and Absorption Rates, p-n Junctions, Non radiative Recombination,
Semi conductor Materials, Light Emitting Diodes; Power-current Characteristics, LED
spectrum, Modulation Response, LED Structures, Semi Conductor Lasers; DFB Lasers, Coupled
Cavity semiconductor Lasers, Tunable Semiconductor Lasers, Vertical Cavity Semiconductor
Lasers, Laser Characteristics, Small & Large Signal Modulation, Spectral Line width.

Unit 4: Optical Receivers

Basic concepts, p-n Photo Diodes, p-i-n Photo Diodes, Avalanche Photo Diode, MSM Photo
detector, Receiver Design, Receiver Noise; Noise mechanism, Receiver sensitivity; Bit error
rate, Minimum Receiver Power, Sensitivity Degradation, Receiver Performance.

Unit 5: Light Wave Systems

Overview: System Architecture, Loss limited Light wave systems, Dispersion limited Light
wave systems, Power Budget, Long Haul systems, Sources of Power Penalty; Model Noise,
Dispersive Pulse Broadening, Mode Partition Noise, Frequency Chirping, Reflection Feedback
Noise, WDM Light wave systems, Optical TDM Systems.

Recommended Books:
1. Senior J. Optical Fiber Communications, Principles & Practice, PHI 1985.
2. Keiser G., Optical Fiber Communication, Mc Graw-hill 2008.
3. Govind P. Agrawal, Fiber Optics Communication Systems, John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pvt.
Ltd 1998.
4. Djafar K. Mynbeav, Fiber-Optics Communications Technology, Pearson 2001.

Credit
BTEC-603-18 s
L T P Int Ext

Microwave and Antenna

4 3 1 0 40 60
Engineering

Course Objective
This is one of the fundamental courses meant to understand the important concepts related to Microwave
and Antenna Engineering.

Course Outcomes
At the end of this course students will demonstrate the ability to:
1.Understand the working and operation of various Microwave Tubes and Microwave Solid-
state devices.
2.Learn about various important Microwave Components and the Microwave measurements that
can be carried out.
3.Explain the basic concepts and types of Antennas and its regions.
4.Describe the important concepts of Antenna Arrays and Antenna Aperture.

Unit 1: Microwave Tubes and Solid-State devices: Limitations of Conventional tubes,

construction, Operation and properties of Klystron Amplifier, reflex Klystron, Magnetron,
Travelling Wave Tube (TWT), Backward Wave Oscillator (BWO), Crossed field amplifiers.
Microwaves Transistors: (Bipolar, FET), Transferred Electron Devices (Gunn diode), Avalanche
transit time effect (IMPATT, TRAPATT), Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of
Radiation (MASER).

Unit 2: Microwave Components and Measurements: Analysis of Microwave components

using S-parameters, Junctions (E, H, Hybrid), Directional coupler, Bends and Corners,
Microwave posts, S.S. tuners, Attenuators, Phase shifter, Ferrite devices (Isolator, Circulator,
Gyrator), Cavity resonator, Matched termination. Power measurements using calorimeters and
bolometers, Measurement of Standing Wave Ratio (SWR), Frequency and wavelength.

Unit 3: Antennas: Concept of radiation in Single wire, Two wire and Dipole, Introduction to
Antenna parameters: Reflection Co-efficient, VSWR, Radiation pattern, Directivity, Gain.
Infinitesimal dipole, Monopole and half wave dipole, Far-field, Radiating near-field and reactive
near-field regions, Microstrip Patch & Fractal Antennas.

Unit 4: Antenna Arrays and Aperture Antennas: Array of two-point sources, Array factor, Array
configurations, Hansen-woodyard end fire array, n-element linear array with uniform amplitude and
spacing, n-element linear array with non-uniform spacing, Binomial and Dolph-Tschebysceff array.
Aperture Antennas: Rectangular and circular aperture antennas, Horn antenna, Babinet’s Principle,
Slot Antenna, Loop antenna.
Recommended Books:
1. M.Kulkarni, Microwave and Radar Engineering, Umesh Publications, 5 th Edition, 2018.
2. Jordan E.C., Electromagnetics and radiating systems, PHI 1995.
3. J.D.Krauss, Antenna Theory, McGraw Hill 1999.
4. C.A.Balanis, Antenna Theory, John Wiley & sons 4th Edition 2016.
5. R.L.Yadava, Antenna and wave propagation, PHI 2011

Professional Elective - 2

BTEC-906A-18 Credits L T P Int Ext

WLAN and Security 3 3 0 0 40 60

Course Objective
This is one of the fundamental courses meant to understand the important concepts related to Wireless
Local Area Network (WLAN) and security.

Course Outcomes:
Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to:
1. Develop an understanding WLAN and its architecture
2. Understand the gap between wired and wireless networks
3. Build the knowledge of security building blocks which enable them to solve the problems of
designing security solutions in wireless networks.
4. Learn the wireless LAN authentication protocols in detail, and enhance the skills of
configuring a secure wireless network.

Unit 1: Fundamentals of Wireless Communication - Fundamentals of Wireless

Communication, Advantages, Limitations and Applications, Wireless Media, Infrared
Modulation Techniques, DSSS and FHSS, Multiple access technique: TDMA, CDMA, FDMA,
CSMA, OFDMA, Frequency Spectrum, Radio and Infrared Frequency Spectrum

Unit 2: Wireless local area networks (WLAN) - Introduction, Types of WLANs,

WLAN Equipment, WLAN topologies and Technologies, IEEE 802.11 WLAN: Architecture,
Physical Layer Standards.

Unit 3: WLAN Medium access control - Challenges for the MAC, MAC Access Modes
and Timing, Contention-Based Access Using the DCF, Fragmentation and Reassembly, Frame
Format, Encapsulation of Higher-Layer Protocols Within 802.11, Contention-Based Data
Service

Unit 4: WLAN Framing - General frame format, Frame Control field, Format of individual
frame types: Control frames, Data frames, Management frames, Types of Management Frames
Management Frame fields, Frame Transmission and Association and Authentication States

Unit 5: Wireless Security - Wireless Application Protocol, WAP Security, Authentication,

Integrity, Confidentiality, Security Issues with Wireless Transport Layer Security (WTLS),
Wireless LAN Security, Access Point Security, Work Station Security, Safeguarding Wireless
LAN’s.

Unit 6: WLAN Security and Authentication - Cryptographic Background to WEP,

WEP Cryptographic Operations, Problems with WEP, The Extensible Authentication Protocol,
EAP Packet Format, EAP Requests and Responses, EAP Success and Failure, EAP Exchange,
802.1x: Network Port Authentication, 802.1x Architecture and Nomenclature, EAPOL
Encapsulation, 802.1x Exchange, 802.1x on Wireless LANs

Recommended Books:

1. Eldad Perahia and Robert Stacey, Next Generation Wireless LANs: 802.11n and 802.11ac
(2nd Edition), Cambridge University Press 2010.
2. Matthew S. Gast, O'Reilly, 802.11 Wireless Networks: The Definitive Guide, 2nd Edition,
Media, Inc.1998.
3. Pejman Roshan, Jonathan Leary, 802.11 Wireless LAN Fundamentals, Cisco Press, 2014.
4. Brijendra Singh, Network Security and Management, 3rd edition, PHI 2000.

BTEC-906B-18 Credits L T P Int Ext

Satellite Communication 3 3 0 0 40 60

Course Objective
This is one of the fundamental courses meant to understand the important concepts related to the
understanding of Satellite Communication.

Course Outcomes
At the end of this course students will demonstrate the ability to:
1. Visualize the architecture of satellite systems as a means of high speed, high range
communication system.
2. State various aspects related to satellite systems such as orbital equations, sub-systems in a
satellite, link budget, modulation and multiple access schemes.
3. Understand the Phenomena in Satellite communication.
4. Understand the general Link Design equation and the concepts related to it.
5. Learn about VSAT system and its applications.

Unit 1 - Introduction to Satellite Communication: Principles and architecture of

satellite Communication, Brief history of Satellite systems, advantages, disadvantages,
applications and frequency bands used for satellite communication, Orbital Mechanics: Orbital
equations, Kepler's laws, Apogee and Perigee for an elliptical orbit, evaluation of velocity, orbital
period, angular velocity etc. of a satellite, concepts of Solar day and Sidereal day.

Unit 2 - Satellite sub-systems: Study of Architecture and Roles of various sub-systems of

a satellite system such as Telemetry, tracking, command and monitoring (TTC & M), Altitude
and orbit control system (AOCS), Communication sub-system, power sub-systems etc.

Unit 3 - Typical Phenomena in Satellite Communication: Solar Eclipse on satellite,

its effects, remedies for Eclipse, Doppler frequency shift phenomena and expression for Doppler
shift. Received signal power equations.
Unit 4 – Satellite Link Design: Introduction, General Link Design Equations, System
Noise Temperature C/N and G/T Ratio, Atmospheric and Ionospheric Effects on Link design,
Uplink design, Complete Link Design, Interference effects on Complete Link design, Earth
Station Parameters.

Unit 5 – VSAT Satellite Systems: Introduction, Network Architecture, VSAT Earth

Station, VSAT Applications.

Recommended Books:
1. Trimothy Pratt, Charles W. Bostian, ―Satellite Communications‖, John Wiley & Sons, 1986.
2. Dr. D.C. Aggarwal, ―Satellite Communications‖, Khanna Publishers, 2001.
3. Dennis Roddy, ―Satellite Communications‖, McGraw Hill, 1996.

BTEC-906C-18 Credits L T P Int Ext

CMOS and RF Circuit 3 3 0 0 40 60
Design

Course Objective
This is one of the fundamental courses meant to understand and learn the important concepts related to
CMOS and RF Circuit Design.
Course Outcomes
At the end of this course students will demonstrate the ability to:
1. Get familiar with the concepts of CMOS and RF circuit designs.
2. Explore the design methods of RF receivers and transmitters.
3. Understand the concepts of Mixed signal design.
4. Use the design methods of Receivers and Transmitters.

Unit 1: CMOS Physics, Transceiver Specifications and Architecture -

Introduction to MOSFET Physics, Noise: Thermal, shot, flicker, popcorn noise, Two port Noise
theory, Noise Figure, THD, IP2, IP3, Sensitivity, SFDR, Phase noise – Specification distribution
over a communication link, Homodyne Receiver, Heterodyne Receiver, Image reject, Low IF
Receiver Architectures, Direct up conversion Transmitter, Two step up conversion Transmitter.

Unit 2: RF Circuits Design – Overview: RF Filter Design, Design issues in Integrated RF

filters, Active RF components, Matching and Biasing networks, Basic blocks in RF systems &
their modelling, Design of LNA, Mixer, RF frequency synthesizer and RF Oscillators, Phase
noise, Noise power and trade off, MOSFET behavior at RF frequencies, Integrated parasitic
elements at high frequencies.

Unit 3: Impedance Matching and Amplifiers - S-parameters with Smith chart, Passive
IC components, Impedance matching networks, Common Gate, Common Source Amplifiers,
OC Time constants in bandwidth estimation and enhancement, High frequency amplifier design,
Power match and Noise match.
Unit 4: Mixed Signal Design – Mixed-signal layout, Interconnects and data transmission;
Voltage-mode signaling and data transmission; Current-mode signaling and data transmission,
Basics of data converters; Successive approximation ADCs, Dual slope ADCs, Flash ADCs,
Pipeline ADCs, Hybrid ADC structures, High-resolution ADCs, DACs.
Recommended Books:
1.Thomas Lee,” The Design of Radio Frequency CMOS Integrated Circuits”, Cambridge University
Press, 2nd Edition, Cambridge, 2004.
2.Matthew M. Radmanesh,” Radio frequency and Microwave Electronics illustrated”, Pearson Education
Inc, Delhi, 2006.
3.B.Razavi, “RF Microelectronics”, Pearson Education, 1997.
4.Devendra.K. Misra,” Radio Frequency and Microwave communication Circuits – Analysis and
Design”, John Wiley and Sons, Newyork,2004.

BTEC-906D-18 Credits L T P Int Ext

C# AND .NET Programming 3 3 0 0 40 60

Course Objective
This is one of the fundamental courses meant to understand the important concepts related to C# and
.NET Programming.

Course Outcomes
At the end of this course students will demonstrate the ability
1. Write various applications using C# Language in the .NET Framework.
2.Develop distributed applications using .NET Framework.
3.Create mobile applications using .NET compact Framework.
4. Learn other concepts of .NET approach towards problem solving

Unit 1: C# Advanced Features - Delegates – Lambdas – Lambda Expressions – Events –

Event Publisher – Event Listener – Strings and Regular Expressions – Generics – Collections –
Memory Management and Pointers – Errors and Exceptions – Reflection.

UNIT 2: Object Oriented Aspects of C# - Class, Objects, Constructors and its types,
inheritance, properties, indexers, index overloading, polymorphism, sealed class and methods,
interface, abstract class, abstract and interface, operator overloading, delegates, events, errors
and exception, Threading.

Unit 3: Base Class Libraries & Data Manipulation - Diagnostics -Tasks, Threads
and Synchronization – .Net Security – Localization -Manipulating XML- SAX and DOM –
Manipulating files and the Registry- Transactions -ADO.NET- Peer-to-Peer Networking – PNRP
– Building P2P Applications – Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF).

Unit 4: .NET Framework and Compact Framework - Assemblies – Shared

assemblies – Custom Hosting with CLR Objects – App domains -Core XAML – Bubbling and
Tunneling Events- Reading and Writing XAML – .Net Compact Framework – Compact Edition
Data Stores – Errors, Testing and Debugging -Optimizing performance – Packaging and
Deployment – Networking and Mobile Devices
Recommended Books:
1. Ian Gariffiths, Mathew Adams, Jesse Liberty, Programming C# 4.00, OReilly, Fourth Edition, 2010.
2. Herbert Schildt, “The Complete Reference: C# 4.0”, Tata McGraw Hill, 2012.
3. Christian Nagel et al. “Professional C# 2012 with .NET 4.5”, Wiley India, 2012.
4. Andrew Troelsen, Pro C# 5.0 and the .NET 4.5 Framework, Apress publication, 2012.
5. Andy Wigley, Daniel Moth, Peter Foot, Mobile Development Handbook0, Microsoft Press, 2011.

BTEC-906E-18 Credits L T P Int Ext

Natural Language 3 3 0 0 40 60
Processing

Course Objective
This is one of the fundamental courses meant to understand the important concepts related to Natural
Language Processing.

Course Outcomes
1.Demonstrate a basic understanding of the concepts of Natural language Processing
2.Learn about various Word forms and models therein
3.Understand Structures by using Parsing and its Algorithms
4.Explain about the Lexical knowledge Networks and related Web applications

Unit 1 – Introduction: Biology of speech processing, place and manner of articulation, word
boundary detection, Argmax computation, HMM and speech recognition

Unit 2 - Words and Word forms: Morphology fundamentals, Morphological diversity of

Indian languages, Morphology paradigms, FSM based morphology, automatic morphology
learning, shallow parsing, named entities, Maximum entropy models, random fields

Unit 3 – Parsing :Context-free grammars and languages, Theories of Parsing, Parsing

algorithms, rule based and probabilistic parsing, scope ambiguity and attachment ambiguity
resolution

Unit 4 – Word Sense and Word Net : Lexical knowledge networks, Wordnet theory,
Indian languages wordnet, multilingual dictionaries, semantic roles, word sense disambiguation,
metaphors

Unit 5 - Web 2.0 Applications: Sentiment Analysis, text entailment, robust and scalable
machine translation, question answering, multilingual setting, cross lingual information retrieval.

Recommended books:
1. Daniel Jurafsky and James H Martin. Speech and Language Processing, 2e, Pearson
Education, 2009.
2. James A.. Natural language Understanding 2e, Pearson Education, 1994.
3. Bharati A., Sangal R., Chaitanya V.. Natural language processing: PHI, 2000.
4. Siddiqui T., Tiwary U. S.. Natural language processing and Information retrieval, OUP,2008.
5. Christopher Manning and HinrichSch•utze, Foundations of Statistical Natural Language
Processing, MIT Press , 1999

BTEC-611-18 Credits L T P Int Ext

Optical Fibres and Communication

1 0 0 2 30 20
Lab
Course Objective
This is one of the experimental courses meant to understand the important concepts related to
Optical Fibres and Communication.

Course Outcomes
At the end of this course students will demonstrate the ability to:
1. To perform experiments based on optical communication in order to understand in depth
concepts of latest communication system.
2. To study various types of optical sources and light detectors
3. To know methods of slicing and connecting techniques of optical fibres
4. To study different types of losses in optical fibres.
5. To know applications of optical fibres.

List of Experiments:
The student has to perform 8 to 10 Lab experiments from the below:

1. Study and measurement of Attenuation and Loss in optical fibre.

2. Study and measurement of bending loss in optical fibre.
3. Study and measurement of numerical aperture of optical fibre.
4. Measurement of optical power using optical power meter.
5. To Study the transmission of TDM signal through optical fibre.
6. To determine the bit rate of the optical fibre link.
7. Study of various multiplexing techniques.
8. To determine the BER of wireless system using M-ARY (BPSK,QPSK,8PSK,16PSK) and
QAM technique.
9.To learn fibre splicing techniques and to become familiar with the use of optical time domain
reflectometry in characterizing optical fibres.
10.To establish fibre optic analog link and to study the relationship between the input signal &
received signal.
11.To study the VI characteristics of fibre optic source and Photo Detector.
12.Simulation of an optical communication system & calculation of its BER and Q factor using
simulator.

BTEC-612-18 Credits L T P Int Ext

Microwave and Antenna

1 0 0 2 30 20
Engineering Lab
Course Objective
This is basic course meant to give hands on experience of various types of Microwave components
and important measurements related to Microwave and Antenna Engineering.
Course Outcomes
At the end of this course students will demonstrate the ability to:
1. Learn about general Microwave components and Microwave bench.
2. Measure common parameters related to Microwave Oscillator(s).
3. Determine frequency and wavelength of waveguides.
3. Measure and plot radiation patterns of various types of Antennas.

List of Experiments:
The student has to perform 8 to 10 Experiments from the below:
1. To study various Microwave Components and Instruments.
2. To study the V-I Characteristics of Gunn Diode Oscillator at X-band.
3. To study Output power and Frequency as a function of voltage using Gunn Diode Oscillator
at X-band.
4. To Study the characteristics of a Reflex Klystron oscillator.
5. To determine the Standing Wave Ratio (SWR) and Voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR).
6. To measure the dielectric constant of a material at X-band.
7. To determine the frequency & wavelength in a rectangular waveguide.
8. Measurement of coupling factor and Isolation of a Directional coupler using X-band.
9. To measure the Attenuation/Insertion Loss of an attenuator.
10. Determination of the phase-shift of a phase shifter.
11. To plot the Radiation pattern of an antenna.
12. To study Simple Dipole (λ/2 or λ/4 or 3λ/2) antenna (all or any of these single dipole
antennas) and Folded Dipole λ/2 antenna.
13. To study 3/5/7-element Yagi-Uda Folded Dipole antenna.
14. To study the Radiation pattern, Gain, Directivity of a Slot/Loop Antenna.

BTEC-631-18 Credits L T P Int Ext

Project – I 3 0 0 3 60 40

The object of Project Work I is to enable the student to take up investigative study in the broad
field of Electronics & Communication Engineering, either fully theoretical/practical or involving
both theoretical and practical work to be assigned by the Department on an individual basis or
two/three students in a group, under the guidance of a Supervisor.

This is expected to provide a good initiation for the student(s) in R&D work. The assignment
may normally include:
1. Survey and study of published literature on the assigned topic;
2. Working out a preliminary Approach to the Problem relating to the assigned topic;
3. Conducting preliminary Analysis/Modelling/Simulation/Experiment/Design/Feasibility;
4. Preparing a Written Report on the Study conducted for presentation to the Department;
5. Final Seminar, as oral Presentation before a departmental committee.

The students shall have to design two Projects (i.e. Project-I and Project-II in 6th Semester and
7th Semester, respectively). The projects must involve originality, innovation and business idea.
Assessment will be based on the work performance & report submitted.
BMPD-361-18 Credits L T P Int Ext

Mentoring and Professional Non-

0 0 2 S/US**
Development* credit

* As stated in the IKGPTU B.Tech 1st Year Scheme and Syllabus

**S/US - Satisfactory and Unsatisfactory

* Guidelines regarding Mentoring and Professional Development

The objective of mentoring will be development of:
- Overall Personality
- Aptitude (Technical and General)
- General Awareness (Current Affairs and GK)
- Communication Skills
- Presentation Skills
The course shall be split in two sections i.e. outdoor activities and class activities.
For achieving the above, suggestive list of activities to be conducted are:

Part – A
(Class Activities)
1. Expert and video lectures
2. Aptitude Test
3. Group Discussion
4. Quiz (General/Technical)
5. Presentations by the students
6. Team building Exercises
Part – B
(Outdoor Activities)
1. Sports/NSS/NCC
2. Society Activities of various students chapter i.e. ISTE, SCIE, SAE, CSI, Cultural Club,
etc.
Evaluation shall be based on rubrics for Part – A & B
Mentors/Faculty incharges shall maintain proper record student wise of each activity
conducted and the same shall be submitted to the department.
 SEVENTH/EIGHTH
SEMESTER
B.Tech.
Electronics & Communication
Engineering (ECE)

Syllabus

IKGujral Punjab Technical University

Jalandhar-Kapurthala Highway, Kapurthala-
144603 (PB)