Abdelmalik Essaadi University English Studies

School of Arts and Humanities Semester 2: Grammar 2

Instructor: A. Laabidi
Chapter Two: Passive Voice

Introduction:

Active and passive sentences often have similar meanings but different focuses. Consider.

-Authors write books. (The focus is on authors)

-Books are written by authors. (The focus is on books)

How do we form the passive sentences? Consider this example:

-Active: (a) Souad discovered the mistake.
-Passive: (b) The mistake was discovered by Souad.

In the passive, the object of an active verb becomes the subject of the passive verb: the mistake in (a)
becomes the subject of the passive verb in (b). In the passive, we add a form of the verb to be + past
participle. (Be is conjugated in the tense of the active sentence.)

Notice. We use the passive with by if you mention the agent.

-The bill was not paid by Ahmed.

Do not mention the agent:

a. if it does not add any new information.

-All our money and passports were stolen.

b. if it is not important.

-The streets are cleaned everyday.

c. if it is difficult to say who the agent is.

-This king of jacket is considered very fashionable these days.

Notice that only verbs that take an object (transitive verbs) can have a passive form. Verbs which do
not take an object (intransitive verbs) do not have passive forms.

-She will come tomorrow.

-Accidents happen every day.

1. Conjugation for the passive voice

Passive 1 (is done / was done)
Study this example:
-This house was built in 1961.
-This house was built in 1961. (passive)
Compare active and passive
-Somebody built this house in 1961. (active)
-This house Was built in 1981 is passive
When we use an active verb, we say what the subject does:
-My grandfather was a builder. He built this house in 1961.
-It’s a big company. It employs two hundred people.
When we use a passive verb, we say what happens to the subject:
-'How old is this house?' 'It was built in 1961,'
-Two hundred people are employed by the company.

When we use the passive, who or what causes the action is often unknown or unimportant:
-A lot of money was stolen in the robbery, (somebody stole it, but we don't know who)
- Is this room cleaned every day? (does somebody clean it? - it's not important who)
If we want to say who does or what causes the action, we use by:
-This house was built by my grandfather.
-Two hundred people are employed by the company.
The passive is be (is/was etc.) + past participle (done/cleaned/seen etc.):
(be) done (be) cleaned (be) damaged (be) built (be) seen etc

Study the active and passive forms of the present simple and past simple:
Present simple
active clean(s) / see(s) etc. -Somebody cleans this room every day.
passive am/is/are + cleaned/seen etc. - This room is cleaned every day.
-Many accidents are caused by careless driving.
-I'm not invited to parties very often.
-How is this word pronounced?

Past simple
active cleaned/saw etc. - Somebody cleaned this room yesterday.
passive was/were + cleaned/seen etc. - This room was cleaned yesterday.

-We were woken up by a loud noise during the night.

-'Did you go to the party?' 'No, I wasn't invited.'
-How much money was stolen in the robbery?

Practice
1.Complete the sentences. Use these verbs in the correct form, present or past:
cause make damage overtake find own hold send injure show invite
surround
1. Many accidents are caused by careless driving.
2 Cheese…………………………………………………. from milk.
3. The roof of the building………………………………………………… in a storm a few days ago
4. A cinema is a place where films………………………………………………..
5 You…………………………………………………………. to the party. Why didn't you go?
6 This plant is very rare. It……………………………………………………… in very few places.
7 Although we were driving fast, we……………………………………………. by a lot of other cars.
8 In the US, elections for president………………………………………………….every four years.
9 There was an accident last night, but fortunately nobody…………………………………………………….
10 You can't see the house from the road. It……………………………………….by trees.
11 I never received the letter. It……………………………………………. to the wrong address.
12. The company I work for……………………………………………………….by a much larger company
2.Write questions using the passive. Some are present and some are past.
1 Ask about glass. (how/make?) How is glass made?
2 Ask about television. (when/invent?) When.............................................................
3 Ask about mountains. (how/form?) …………………………………………………………………….
4 Ask about DNA (when/discover?) …………………………………………………………………….
5 Ask about silver. (what/use for?) …………………………………………………………………….
3.Put the verb into the correct form, present or past, active or passive.
1 a Two hundred people are employed.... (employ) by the company.
b The company employs (employ) 200 people.
2 a Water………………………………….(cover) most of the earth's surface.
b How much of the earth's surface…………………………………………………… (cover)by water.
3 a While I was on holiday, my camera…………………………………………………………(steal) from my
hotel.
b While I was on holiday, my camera…………………………………………………………(disappear)
from my hotel.
4 a Robert's parents…………………………………………………..(die) when he was very young.
b Robert and his sister………………………………………………….(bring up) by their grandparents.
5 a The boat hit a rock and………………………………………….(sink) quickly.
b Fortunately everybody……………………………………….……. (rescue).
6 a Bill……………………………………………………(fire) from his job. He was not very good at it.
b Sue……………………………………………………….(resign) from her job because she didn’t enjoy it
anymore.
7 a It can be noisy living here, but it………………………………………………(not/bother) me.
b. It can be noisy living here, but I………………………………………………….(not/bother) by it.
8 a Maria had an accident. She………………………………………………………(knock off) her bike.
 b Maria had an accident. She…………………………………………………….(fall off) her bike.
9 a I haven’t seen these flowers before. What………………………………………..(they/call).
b I haven’t seen these flowers before. What…………………………………………(you/ call) them.
4. Instead of using somebody, they, people etc., write a passive sentence.
1 Somebody cleans the room every day. The room is cleaned every day.
2. They cancelled all flights because of fog. All ………………………………………………………
3 Somebody accused me of stealing money. ………………………………………………………money.
4 How do you use this word? ………………………………………………………used?
5 The price includes all taxes. …………………………………………………in the price.
6 People warned us not to go out alone. We…………………………………………………………
7 We don't use this office any more. This…………………………………………………………
8 They invited five hundred people to the wedding Five hundred…………………………………………

Passive 2 (be done / been done / being done)

A. Infinitive
active (to) do/clean/see etc. – Somebody will clean this room later
passive (to) be done/cleaned/seen etc. – This room will be cleaned later
- The situation is serious. Something must be done before it's too late.
- A mystery is something that can't be explained.
- The music was very loud and could be heard from a long way away.
- A new supermarket is going to be built next year.
- Please go away. I want to be left alone.

B. Perfect infinitive

active: (to) have + done/cleaned/seen etc. – Somebody should have cleaned the room
passive: (to) have been + done/cleaned/seen etc. – The room should have been cleaned

- I haven't received the letter yet. It might have been sent to the wrong address.
- If you had locked the car, it wouldn't have been stolen.
- There were some problems at first, but they seem to have been solved.

C. Present perfect
Active: have/has + done etc. - The room looks nice. Somebody has cleaned
Passive: have/has been + done etc. – The room looks nice. It has been cleaned.
- Have you heard? The trip has been cancelled.
- Have you ever been bitten by a dog?
 - ‘Are you going to the party?’ ‘No, I haven’t been invited’

Past perfect
Active: had+ done etc. – The room looked nice. Somebody had cleaned it.
Passive: had been + done etc. – The room looked nice. It had been cleaned.
- The vegetables didn't taste good. They had been cooked too long.
- The car was three years old, but hadn't been used very much.
D. Present continuous
Active: am/is/are + (do)ing - Somebody is cleaning the room at the moment.
Passive: am/is/are + being (done) - The room is being cleaned at the moment.
- There's somebody walking behind us. I think we are being followed.
- A new bridge is being built across the river. It will be finished next year.
Past Continuous
active: was/were (do) ing - Somebody was cleaning the room when I arrived
passive: was/were being (done) - The room was being cleaned when I arrived.
- There was somebody walking behind us. I think we were being followed.

Practice 2
1. Complete these sentences with the following verbs (in the correct form):
arrest carry cause delay do forget keep knock know make repair send spend wake
up
Sometimes you need have (might have, should have etc.).
1 The situation is serious. Something must …………………..……. Before it’s too late.
2 I should have received the letter by now. It might ……………………. to the wrong address.
3 A decision will not ……………………. until the next meeting.
4 Do you think that more money should ……………………. on education?
5 This road is in very bad condition. It should ……………………. a long time ago.
6 The injured man couldn’t walk and had to …………………….
7 I told the hotel receptionist I wanted to ……………………. at 6.30 the next morning.
8 If you hadn’t pushed the policeman, you wouldn’t …………………….
9 it’s not certain how the fire started, but it might ……………………. by an electrical fault.
10 these documents are important, they should always………………………………….in a safe place.
11 A new school is being built. The old one is going to………………………………………………….. down
2. Rewrite these sentences. Instead of using somebody or they etc., write a passive sentence.
1 Somebody has cleaned the room.
……………………………………………….…………………………..
2 Somebody is using the computer right now.
The computer …………………….………………………………………….…………………………..
3 I didn’t realise that somebody was recording our conversation.
I didn’t realise that …………………….………………………………………….…………………………..
4 When we got to the stadium, we found that they had cancelled the game.
When we got to the stadium, we found that
…………………….………………………………………….…………………………..
5 They are building a new ring road round the city.
…………………….………………………………………….…………………………..………………
6 They have built a new hospital near the airport.
…………………….………………………………………….…………………………..……………………
3. Make sentences from the words in brackets. Sometimes the verb is active, sometimes passive.
1 There’s somebody behind us. (I think / we / follow)
…………………….…………….…………….…………….…………….……
2 This room looks different. (you / paint / the walls?)
…………………….…………….…………….…………….…………….
3 My car has disappeared. (it / steal!) It
…………………….…………….…………….…………….…………….…………….…………
4 My umbrella has disappeared. (somebody / take) Somebody
…………………….…………….…………….…………….
5 Sam gets a higher salary now. (he / promote) He
…………………….…………….…………….…………….…………….
6 Ann can’t use her office this week. (it / redecorate) It
…………………….…………….…………….…………….…………….
7 There was a problem with the photocopier yesterday, but now it’s OK.
(it / work) It …………………….…………….……………. again. (it / repair) It
…………………….…………….…………….
8 When I went into the room, I saw that the table and chairs were not in the same place. (the furniture /
move) The ……………………….…………….…………….…………….…………….………….
9 A neighbour of mine disappeared six months ago. (he / not / see / since then)
He ……………………….…………….…………….…………….…………….…………….………….
10 I wonder how Jane is these days. (I / not / see / for ages)
I …………………………….…………….…………….…………….…………….…………….………
11 A friend of mine was mugged on his way home a few nights ago. (you / ever / mug?)
…………………….…………….…………….…………….…………….…………….…………….…

Passive 3
A. I was offered…./ we were given….etc.
Some verbs can have two objects. For example, give:
-My grandfather gave me this watch.
It is possible to make two passive sentences:
-I was given this watch (by my grandfather). or
-This watch was given to me (by my grandfather).
Other verbs which can have two objects are:
ask offer pay show tell
When we use these verbs in the passive, most oft en we begin with the person:
-I’ve been offered the job, but I don’t think I want it. (= somebody has off ered me the job)
-You will be given plenty of time to decide. (= we will give you plenty of time)
-I didn’t see the original document, but I was shown a copy. (= somebody showed me a copy)
-Tim has an easy job – he’s paid a lot of money to do very little. (= somebody pays him a lot)
B. I don’t like being …
The passive of doing/seeing etc. is being done / being seen etc. Compare:
active: I don’t like people telling me what to
passive: I don’t like being told what to do.
-I remember being taken to the zoo when I was a child.
-(= I remember somebody taking me to the zoo)
-Steve hates being kept waiting. (= he hates people keeping him waiting)
-We climbed over the wall without being seen. (= without anybody seeing us)

C. I was born …
We say ‘I was born …’ (not I am born):
-I was born in Chicago. Past
-Where were you born? (not Where are you born?)
but
-How many babies are born every day? Present

D. get
You can use get for the passive:
-There was a fight, but nobody got hurt. (= nobody was hurt)
-I don’t get invited to many parties. (= I’m not invited)
 -I’m surprised Liz didn’t get offered the job. (= Liz wasn’t offered the job)
We use get only when things happen. For example, you cannot use get in these sentences:
-Jessica is liked by everybody. (not gets liked – this is not a ‘happening’)
-Peter was a mystery man. Very little was known about him. (not got known)
We use get mainly in informal spoken English. You can use be in all situations.
We also use get in the following expressions (which are not passive in meaning):
get married, get divorced get dressed (= put on your clothes)
get lost (= not know where you are) get changed (= change your clothes)

Practice
1. Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verb.
1 I tried to contact Tom.
I called his office but I was told (tell) that he was in a meeting.
2 Amy retired from her job recently.
She ………………………………………………..(give) a present by her colleagues.
3 I didn’t know there was a meeting yesterday.
I ………………………………………………..(not / tell) about it.
4 Sarah’s salary is very low.
I don’t understand why she……………………………………………… (pay) so little.
5 You will need to use this machine.
Have you………………………………………………. (show) how it works?
6 I had an interview for a job recently. It wasn’t easy.
I ………………………………………….(ask) some questions that were very hard for me to answer.
7 They didn’t tell us much about the project.
We…………………………………………………… (not / give) enough information.
8 I was surprised to get the job I applied for.
I didn’t expect ……………………………………………………(offer) it.

2. Complete the sentences using being + the following verbs (in the correct form):

bite give invite keep knock down stick treat

1 Steve hates being kept waiting.
2 We went to the wedding without…………………………………………………………..
3 I like giving presents and I also like………………………………………………………. them.
4 It’s a busy road and I don’t like crossing it. I’m afraid of
………………………………………………………..
5 How do you avoid………………………………………………………. by mosquitoes?
6 I’m an adult. I don’t like ……………………………………………………….a child.
7 You can’t do anything about ……………………………………………………….in a traffic jam.
 3. Complete the sentences using get or got + the following verbs (in the correct form):
Ask break hurt pay steal sting stop use
1 There was a fight, but nobody got hurt .
2 Alex…………………………………………… by a bee while he was sitting in the garden.
3 These tennis courts don’t ……………………………………………very oft en. Not many people want to
play here.
4 I used to have a bike, but it…………………………………………… a few months ago.
5 Rachel works hard, but she doesn’t ……………………………………………very much.
6 Please pack these things very carefully. I don’t want anything to…………………………………… .
7 People oft en want to know what my job is. I ………………………………………that question a lot.
8 Last night I ……………………………………by the police as I was driving home. One of the lights
4. Complete the sentences.
1 I’ve been offered the job, but I don’t think I’ll accept it.
2 I don’t get invited to many parties.
3 Which year………………………………… you born in?
4 I haven’t been………………………………… any information yet.
5 I didn’t know the way, so I got ………………………………….
6 He doesn’t like …………………………………interrupted when he’s speaking.
7 How did the window………………………………… broken? What happened?
8 She’s a voluntary worker. She …………………………………get paid.
9 I …………………………………born in a small town in the north of the country.
10 We had to do what we did. We………………………………… given any choice.

Passive 4: it is said that … he is said to … he is supposed to …

A: Study this example situation:

- George is very old. Nobody knows exactly how old he is, but:
It is said that he is 108 years old.
or He is said to be 108 years old.
Both these sentences mean: ‘People say that he is 108 years old.’

You can use these structures with a number of other verbs, especially:
Alleged believed considered expected known reported thought understood

Cathy loves running.

-It is said that she runs 10 miles a day. or - She is said to run 10 miles a day.
The police are looking for a missing boy.
-It is believed that the boy is wearing a white sweater and blue jeans. or - The boy is believed
to be wearing a white sweater and blue jeans.
The strike started three weeks ago.
 -It is expected that it will end soon. or - The strike is expected to end soon.
A friend of mine has been arrested.
-It is alleged that he stole a car. or - He is alleged to have stolen a car.
The two houses belong to the same family.
-It is said that there is a secret tunnel between them or - There is said to be a secret tunnel between
them.
These structures are often used in news reports. For example, in a report about an accident:
It is reported that two people were injured in the explosion or -Two people are reported to have
been injured in the explosion.

B: supposed to …
You can use supposed to … in the same way as said to … :
-I want to see that film. It’s supposed to be good. (= people say it’s good)
-There are many stories about Joe. He’s supposed to have robbed a bank many years ago.
-Fireworks are supposed to have been invented in China. Is it true?
Sometimes supposed to … has a different meaning. We use supposed to say what is intended,
arranged or expected. Often this is different from the real situation:

-The plan is supposed to be a secret, but everybody seems to know about it.
(= the plan is intended to be a secret)
-What are you doing at work? You’re supposed to be on holiday.
(= you arranged to be on holiday)
-Our guests were supposed to come at 7.30, but they were late.
-Jane was supposed to phone me last night, but she didn’t.
-I’d better hurry. I’m supposed to be meeting Chris in ten minutes.

You’re not supposed to do something = it is not allowed or advised:

-You’re not supposed to park your car here. It’s private parking only.
-Joe is much better after his illness, but he’s not supposed to exercise too hard.

Practice

1. Write these sentences in another way, beginning as shown. Use the underlined word each time.
1 It is expected that the strike will end soon.
The strike is expected to end soon.
2 It is reported that many people are homeless after the floods.
Many people………………………………………………………………………………..
3 It is thought that the thieves got in through a window in the roof.
The thieves………………………………………………………………………………..
4 It is alleged that the driver of the car was driving at 110 miles an hour.
The driver………………………………………………………………………………..
5 It is reported that the building has been badly damaged by the fire.
The building………………………………………………………………………………..
6 It is said that the company is losing a lot of money.
The company………………………………………………………………………………..
7 It is believed that the company lost a lot of money last year.
The company………………………………………………………………………………..
8 It is expected that the company will make a loss this year.
The company………………………………………………………………………………..

2.Complete the sentences. Use the words in brackets and any other necessary words.

1 a: What’s the City Hotel like? Can you recommend it?

b: I’ve never stayed there, but it’s supposed to be (it / supposed) very good.
2 a: How much are these paintings worth?
b: I’m not sure, but……………………………………………………… (they / supposed) very valuable.
3 a: This looks an interesting building.
b: Yes, ……………………………………………………… (it / supposed) a prison a long time ago.
4 a: Is it true that your neighbours were lucky in the lottery?
b: Yes, ……………………………………………………… (they / supposed / win) a lot of money.
5 a: Is it possible to climb to the top of the tower?
b: Yes, ……………………………………………………… (the view / supposed) very nice.
6 a: I heard that Laura has gone away.
b: Yes, ……………………………………………………… (she / supposed / living) in London now.

3.Write sentences using supposed to be + the following:

1 How is it that everybody knows about the plan? It’s supposed to be a secret.
2 You shouldn’t criticise me all the time. You ………………………………………………………
3 I shouldn’t be eating this cake really. I………………………………………………………
4 I’m sorry for what I said. I was trying to be funny. It………………………………………………………
5 What’s this drawing? Is it a tree? Or maybe it………………………………………………………
6 You shouldn’t be playing a game now. ………………………………………………………
7 That’s strange. The museum seems to be closed. ………………………………………………………

4.Write sentences with supposed to … or not supposed to … . Choose from the following verbs:
 depart lift park phone put start
1 You ’re not supposed to park your car here. It’s private parking only.
2 We ………………………………………………………work at 8.15, but we rarely do anything before 8.30.
3 I ………………………………………………………Helen last night, but I completely forgot.
4 This door is a fire exit. We ………………………………………………………anything in front of it.
5 My flight……………………………………………………… at 10.15, but it didn’t leave until 11.30.
6 Jonathan has a problem with his back. He……………………………………………………… anything
heavy.

Passive 5 : have something done

A : Study this example situation:
The roof of Lisa’s house was damaged. So she called a builder, and yesterday he came and repaired it.
Lisa had the roof repaired yesterday.
This means: Lisa arranged for somebody else to repair the roof. She didn’t repair it herself.
If you have something done, you arrange for somebody to do it for you.
Compare:
-Lisa repaired the roof. (= she repaired it herself)
-Lisa had the roof repaired. (= she arranged for somebody else to repair it)
-a: Did you make those curtains yourself?
b: Yes, I like making things.
-a: Did you have those curtains made?
b: No, I made them myself.
B: Study the word order:

have Object past participle

Lisa had the roof repaired

Where did you have your hair cut?
We are having the house Painted
I think you should have the coat Cleaned
I don’t like having my picture taken

We say:
-How often do you have your car serviced? (not have serviced your car)
-Our neighbour is having a garage built. (not having built a garage)
-Your hair looks nice. Did you have it cut?
C: get something done
You can say ‘get something done’ instead of ‘have something done’:
-When are you going to get the roof repaired? (= have the roof repaired)
-I think you should get your hair cut really short.
D: We also use have something done with a different meaning. For example:
 -Paul and Karen had their bags stolen while they were travelling.
This does not mean that they arranged for somebody to steal their bags. ‘They had their bags stolen’
means only: ‘Their bags were stolen’.
With this meaning, we use have something done to say that something happens to somebody or their
belongings:
-Gary had his nose broken in a fight. (= his nose was broken)
-Have you ever had your bike stolen?
Practice
1.Put the words in the correct order.
1 (painted / had / a few weeks ago / the house)
We had the house painted a few weeks ago.
2 (serviced / car / once a year / her / has)
Sarah…………………………………………………………….
3 (had / your / recently / tested / eyes / you?)
Have…………………………………………………………….
4 (like / cut / my / having / don’t / hair)
I…………………………………………………………….
5 (fifteen pounds / have / cleaned / my suit / cost / to)
It…………………………………………………………….
6 (as soon as possible / need / translated / to get / this document)
You…………………………………………………………….
2.Write sentences in the way shown.
1Lisa didn’t repair the roof herself. She had it repaired.
2 I didn’t cut my hair myself. I…………………………………………………………….
3 We didn’t clean the carpets ourselves. We…………………………………………………………….
4 Ben didn’t build that wall himself. He…………………………………………………………….
5 I didn’t deliver the flowers myself. I…………………………………………………………….
6 Sarah didn’t repair her shoes herself. She…………………………………………………………….
3.Which goes with which?
1 My hair is getting long.
2 I really like this picture.
3 The washing machine is broken.
4 I want to wear earrings.
5 Can you recommend a dentist?
6 I’ve lost my key.
a I need to get it fixed.
b I’ll have to get a new one made.
c I need to get my teeth checked.
d I should get it cut.
e I’m going to get my ears pierced.
f I’m going to get it framed.
4 Use the words in brackets to complete the sentences.
1 Did I tell you about Paul and Karen?
(They / their bags / steal) They had their bags stolen.
2 Security at the airport was strict.
(We / our bags / search)……………………………………………………………………………
3 I’ve had some good news!
(I / my salary / increase) I ……………………………………………………………………………
4 Joe can’t get a visa.
(He / his application / refuse) ……………………………………………………………………………

Active / Passive Overview

Active Passive

Change BE verb to reflect tense

Add past participle form of original verb
Simple Present Once a week, Tom cleans the house. Once a week, the house is cleaned byTom.

Present Right now, Sarah is writing the letter. Right now, the letter is being written by
Continu Sarah.
ous

Simple Past Sam repaired the car. The car was repaired by Sam.
Past The salesman was helping the customer The customer was being helped by the
Continu when the thief came into thestore. salesman when the thief came into the store.
ous
Present Perfect Many tourists have visited that castle. That castle has been visited by many
tourists.
Present Recently, John has been doing the Recently, the work has been being
Perfect work. done by John.
Continuous

Past Perfect George had repaired many cars Many cars had been repaired by
before he received his mechanic's George before he received his
license. mechanic's license.
Past Chef Jones had been preparing the The restaurant's fantastic dinners had been
Perfect restaurant's fantastic dinners for two being prepared by Chef Jones fortwo years
Continuo years before he moved to Paris. before he moved to Paris.
us
Simple Future Someone will finish the work by 5:00 The work will be finished by 5:00 PM.
WILL PM.

Simple Future Sally is going to make a beautiful A beautiful dinner is going to be made
BE GOING TO dinner tonight. by Sally tonight.

Future At 8:00 PM tonight, John will be At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes will be
Continu washing the dishes. being washed by John.
ous
WILL

Future At 8:00 PM tonight, John is going tobe At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes are goingto
Continu washing the dishes. be being washed by John.
ous
BE GOING TO

Future Perfect They will have completed the project The project will have been completed
WILL before the deadline. before the deadline.
 Future Perfect They are going to have completed The project is going to have
BE GOING TO the project before the deadline. beencompleted before the
deadline.
Future The famous artist will have been painting The mural will have been being
Perfect the mural for over six monthsby the time painted by the famous artist for
Continuous it is finished. over sixmonths by the time it is
WILL finished.
Future The famous artist is going to have been The mural is going to have
Perfect painting the mural for over sixmonths been being painted by the
Continuous by the time it is finished. famous artist for over sixmonths
BE GOING TO by the time it is finished.

Used to Jerry used to pay the bills. The bills used to be paid by Jerry.
Would Always My mother would always make the The pies would always be made by
pies. mymother.

Future in I knew John would finish the work by I knew the work would be
thePast 5:00 PM. finished by5:00 PM.
WOULD

Future in I thought Sally was going to make a I thought a beautiful dinner was
thePast beautiful dinner tonight. going tobe made by Sally tonight.
WAS GOING TO

Change the following active voice sentences to the passive voice.

1. Martha broke the computer.
2. Geoff finished the project.
3. Lupita typed the report last night.
4. The students ate all the cookies.
5. Sue gave the flowers to the patients.
6. Terri will write several of the articles.
7. Jill has sold all the houses recently.
8. Bill will be changing the passwords this weekend.
9. Jerry printed the document on his printer.
10. Nancy has counselled each of the students this semester.