Environment PYQs 3 of 4 Legislations, Initiatives, Conventions

Note: Which of the statements given above is/are

correct?
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Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest
Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006?
#2: We have deliberately not included questions
[2021]
from the 2023 Prelims paper in this question bank.
Once you've covered all the questions (Level-1, (a) Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate
Level-2, and PYQs) and handouts for all subjects, Change
please consider attempting the 2023 question (b) Ministry of Panchayati Raj
paper.
(c) Ministry of Rural Development
#3: To report inaccuracies, if any, please email us at (d) Ministry of Tribal Affairs
[email protected].
4. With reference to the ‘New York Declaration on
#4: You can check corrections to this PDF from the Forests’, which of the following statements are
page you downloaded it from. correct? [2021]

#5: We will also communicate all corrections via (1) It was first endorsed at the United Nations
email ~1 month prior to the upcoming Prelims to Climate Summit in 2014.
everyone who downloaded this PDF from
https://www.meritnest.com (2) It endorses a global timeline to end the loss of
forests.

1. Which one of the following has been constituted (3) It is a legally binding international declaration.
[email protected]
under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986?
[2022] (4) It is endorsed by governments, big companies,
7075060014 and indigenous communities.
(a) Central Water Commission
(b) Central Ground Water Board (5) India was one of the signatories at its inception.
(c) Central Ground Water Authority
(d) National Water Development Agency Select the correct answer using the code given
below:
2. With reference to Indian laws about wildlife (a) 1, 2 and 4 only
protection, consider the following statements: (b) 1, 3 and 5 only
[2022]
(c) 3 and 4 only
(1) Wild animals are the sole property of the (d) 2 and 5 only
government.
5. The ‘Common Carbon Metric’, supported by
(2) When a wild animal is declared protected, such UNEP, has been developed for [2021]
animal is entitled for equal protection whether it is
(a) assessing the carbon footprint of building
found in protected areas or outside.
operations around the world.
(3) Apprehension of a protected wild animal (b) enabling commercial farming entities around the
becoming a danger to human life is sufficient world to enter carbon emission trading.
ground for its capture or killing. (c) enabling governments to assess the overall
carbon footprint caused by their countries.

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Environment PYQs 3 of 4 Legislations, Initiatives, Conventions

(d) assessing the overall carbon footprint caused by (c) It is a Genetically Modified crop plant.
the use of fossil fuels by the world in a unit time. (d) Such a plant is invasive and harmful to the
ecosystem.
6. Consider the following statements. [2021]
9. In India, ‘extended producer responsibility’ was
Statement 1: The United Nations Capital introduced as an important feature in which of the
Development Fund (UNCDF) and the Arbor Day following? [2019]
Foundation have recently recognized Hyderabad as
2020 Tree City of the World. (a) The Bio-medical Waste (Management and
Handling) Rules, 1998
Statement 2: Hyderabad was selected for the (b) The Recycled Plastic (Manufacturing and Usage)
recognition for a year following its commitment to Rules, 1999
grow and maintain the urban forests. (c) The e-Waste (Management and Handling) Rules,
2011
Which one of the following is correct in respect of
(d) The Food Safety and Standard Regulations, 2011
the above statements?
(a) Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct 10. Consider the following statements: [2019]
and Statement 2 is the correct explanation for
Statement 1. (1) As per law, the Compensatory Afforestation
(b) Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct Fund Management and Planning Authority exists at
but Statement 2 is not the correct explanation for both National and State levels.
Statement 1.
(c) Statement 1 is correct but Statement 2 is not (2) People’s participation is mandatory in the
correct. compensatory afforestation programmes carried
out under the Compensatory Afforestation Fund
(d) Statement 1 is not correct but Statement 2 is
Act, 2016.
correct.
Which of the statements given above is/are
7. Consider the following statements: [2020] correct?

(1) 36% of India’s districts are classified as (a) 1 only

[email protected]
‘overexploited’ or ‘critical’ by the Central Ground (b) 2 only
Water Authority (CGWA). (c) Both 1 and 2
7075060014 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(2) CGWA was formed under the Environment
(Protection) Act.
11. Consider the following statements: [2019]
(3) India has the largest area under groundwater
irrigation in the world. (1) As per recent amendment to the Indian Forest
Act, 1927, forest dwellers have the right to fell the
Which of the statements given above is/are bamboos grown on forest areas.
correct?
(2) As per the Scheduled Tribes and Other
(a) 1 only Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest
(b) 2 and 3 only Rights) Act, 2006, bamboo is a minor forest
(c) 2 only produce.
(d) 1 and 3 only
(3) The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional
Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forests Rights) Act,
8. If a particular plant species is placed under 2006 allows ownership of minor forest produce to
Schedule VI of The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, forest dwellers.
what is the implication? [2020]
(a) A licence is required to cultivate that plant. Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(b) Such a plant cannot be cultivated under any
circumstances. (a) 1 and 2 only

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 Environment PYQs 3 of 4 Legislations, Initiatives, Conventions

(b) 2 and 3 only by the authority.

(c) 3 only
Which of the statements given above is/are
(d) 1, 2 and 3
correct?

12. Consider the following statements: [2019] (a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 2 and 3 only
The Environment Protection Act, 1986 empowers [email protected]
(c) 3 only
the Government of India to
(d) 1, 2 and 3
(1) State the requirement of public participation in
the process of environmental protection, and the 15. Consider the following statements about
procedure and manner in which it is sought. Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) in
India: [2019]
Manoj
(2) Lay down the standards for emission or
discharge of environmental pollutants from various (1) PVTGs reside in 18 States and one Union
sources. Territory.

Which of the statements given above is/are (2) A stagnant or declining population is one of the
correct? criteria for determining PVTG status.

(a) 1 only (3) There are 95 PVTGs officially notified in the

(b) 2 only country so far.
(c) Both 1 and 2
(4) Irular and Konda Reddi tribes are included in the
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
list of PVTGs.

13. As per the Solid Waste Management Rules, Which of the statements given above are correct?
2016 in India, which one of the following
statements is correct? [2019] (a) 1, 2 and 3
(b) 2, 3 and 4
(a) Waste generator has to segregate waste into
five categories. (c) 1, 2 and 4
(b) The Rules are applicable to notified urban local (d) 1, 3 and 4
bodies, notified towns, and all industrial townships
only. 16. How is the National Green Tribunal (NGT)
(c) The Rules provide for exact and elaborate different from the Central Pollution Control Board
criteria for the identification of sites for landfills (CPCB)? [2018]
and waste processing facilities.
(1) The NGT has been established by an Act
(d) It is mandatory on the part of the waste
whereas the CPCB has been created by an
generator that the waste generated in one district
executive order of the Government.
cannot be moved to another district.
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(2) The NGT provides environmental justice and

14. Consider the following statements: [2019] helps reduce the burden of litigation in the higher
courts whereas the CPCB promotes cleanliness of
(1) Under Ramsar Convention, it is mandatory on streams and wells, and aims to improve the quality
the part of the Government of India to protect and of air in the country.
conserve all the wetlands in the territory of India.
Which of the statements given above is/are
(2) The Wetlands (Conservation and Management) correct?
Rules, 2010 were framed by the Government of
India based on the recommendation of Ramsar (a) 1 only
Convention. (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(3) The Wetlands (Conservation and Management)
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Rules, 2010 also encompass the drainage area or
catchment regions of the wetlands as determined

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Environment PYQs 3 of 4 Legislations, Initiatives, Conventions

17. The Partnership for Action on Green Economy adaptation and mitigation measures.
(PAGE), a UN mechanism to assist countries
transition towards greener and more inclusive Select the correct answer using the code given
economies, emerged at [2018] below:
(a) The Earth Summit on Sustainable Development (a) 1 only
2002, Johannesburg (b) 2 and 3 only
(b) The United Nations Conference on Sustainable (c) 3 only
Development 2012, Rio de Janeiro
(d) 1, 2 and 3
(c) The United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate change 2015, Paris
21. With reference to pre-packaged items in India,
(d) The World Sustainable Development Summit it is mandatory for the manufacturer to put which
2016, New Delhi of the following information on the main label, as
per the Food Safety and Standards (Packaging and
18. “Momentum for Change: Climate Neutral Labelling) Regulations, 2011? [2016]
Now” is an initiative launched by [2018]
(1) List of ingredients including additives
(a) The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change
(2) Nutrition information
(b) The UNEP Secretariat
(c) The UNFCCC Secretariat (3) Recommendations, if any, made by the medical
(d) The World Meteorological Organization profession about the possibility of any allergic
reactions
19. According to the Wildlife (Protection) Act,
(4) Vegetarian/non-vegetarian
1972, which of the following animals cannot be
hunted by any person except under some
Select the correct answer using the code given
provisions provided by law? [2017]
below:
(1) Gharial (a) 1, 2 and 3 only
(2) Indian wild ass (b) 2, 3 and 4 only
[email protected]
(c) 1, 2 and 4 only
(3) Wild buffalo
(d) 1 and 4 only
Select the correct answer using the code given
7075060014
below: 22. The term ‘Intended Nationally Determined
Contributions’ is sometimes seen in the news in
(a) 1 only
the context of [2016]
(b) 2 and 3 only
(a) pledges made by the European countries to
(c) 1 and 3 only
rehabilitate refugees from the war-affected Middle
(d) 1, 2 and 3 East
(b) plan of action outlined by the countries of the
20. Which of the following best describes/describe world to combat climate change
the aim of ‘Green India Mission’ of the
(c) capital contributed by the member countries in
Government of India? [2016]
the establishment of Asian Infrastructure
Investment Bank
(1) Incorporating environmental benefits and costs
into the Union and State Budgets thereby (d) plan of action outlined by the countries of the
implementing the ‘green accounting’. world regarding Sustainable Development Goals

(2) Launching the second green revolution to 23. Which of the following are the key features of
enhance agricultural output so as to ensure food ‘National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA)?
security to one and all in the future. [2016]

(3) Restoring and enhancing forest cover and (1) River basin is the unit of planning and
responding to climate change by a combination of management.

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 Environment PYQs 3 of 4 Legislations, Initiatives, Conventions

26. With reference to ‘Agenda 21’, sometimes seen

(2) It spearheads the river conservation efforts at
in the news, consider the following statements:
the national level.
[2016]
(3) One of the Chief Ministers of the States through
(1) It is a global action plan for sustainable
which the Ganga flows becomes the Chairman of
development.
NGRBA on a rotation basis.
[email protected]
(2) It originated in the World Summit on Sustainable
Select the correct answer using the code given
Development held in Johannesburg in 2002.
below:
(a) 1 and 2 only Which of the statements given above is/are
(b) 2 and 3 only correct?
(c) 1 and 3 only (a) 1 only
Manoj
(d) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
24. Consider the following pairs: [2016] (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(Terms sometimes seen in the news - their origin)
27. With reference to the Agreement at the
(1) Annex—I Countries - Cartagena Protocol UNFCCC Meeting in Paris in 2015, which of the
following statements is/are correct? [2016]
(2) Certified Emissions Reductions - Nagoya
Protocol (1) The Agreement was signed by all the member
countries of the UN and it will go into effect in
(3) Clean Development Mechanism - Kyoto 2017.
Protocol
(2) The Agreement aims to limit the greenhouse gas
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly emissions so that the rise in average global
matched? temperature by the end of this century does not
exceed 2 °C or even 1.5 °C above pre-industrial
(a) 1 and 2 only
levels.
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 3 only (3) Developed countries acknowledged their
(d) 1, 2 and 3 historical responsibility in global warming and
committed to donate $1000 billion a year from
2020 to help developing countries to cope with
25. Which of the following statements is/are
climate change.
correct? Proper design and effective
implementation of UN-REDD+ Programme can
Select the correct answer using the code given
significantly contribute to [2016]
below:
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(1) Protection of biodiversity (a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2 only
(2) Resilience of forest ecosystems
(c) 2 and 3 only
(3) Poverty reduction (d) 1, 2 and 3

Select the correct answer using the code given 28. Consider the following statements. [2016]
below:
(1) The Sustainable Development Goals were first
(a) 1 and 2 only
proposed in 1972 by a global think tank called the
(b) 3 only ‘Club of Rome’.
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3 (2) The Sustainable Development Goals have to be
achieved by 2030.

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Environment PYQs 3 of 4 Legislations, Initiatives, Conventions

Which of the statements given above is/are (3) It assists the countries in their ‘REDD+
correct? (Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Forest
Degradation+)’ efforts by providing them with
(a) 1 only
financial and technical assistance.
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 Select the correct answer using the code given
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 below:
(a) 1 only
29. What is/are the importance/importances of (b) 2 and 3 only
the ‘United Nations Convention to Combat
(c) 1 and 3 only
Desertification’? [2016]
(d) 1, 2 and 3
(1) It aims to promote effective action through
innovative national programmes and supportive 32. With reference to an organization known as
international partnerships. ‘Birdlife International’, which of the following
statements is/are correct? [2015]
(2) It has a special/particular focus on South Asia
and North Africa regions, and its Secretariat (1) It is a Global Partnership of Conservation
facilitates the allocation of major portion of Organizations.
financial resources to these regions.
(2) The concept of ‘biodiversity hotspots’ originated
(3) It is committed to bottom-up approach, from this organization.
encouraging the participation of local people in
combating the desertification. (3) It identifies the sites known/referred to as
‘Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas’.
Select the correct answer using the code given
below: Select the correct answer using the code given
below:
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only (a) 1 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (b) 2 and 3 only
[email protected]
(d) 1, 2 and 3 (c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
30. The Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee
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is constituted under the [2015] 33. With reference to the International Union for
Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
(a) Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006
(IUCN) and the Convention on International Trade
(b) Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
and Protection) Act, 1999 (CITES), which of the following statements is/are
(c) Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 correct? [2015]
(d) Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972
(1) IUCN is an organ of the United Nations and
CITES is an international agreement between
31. With reference to ‘Forest Carbon Partnership
governments.
Facility’, which of the following statements is/are
correct? [2015]
(2) IUCN runs thousands of field projects around
the world to better manage natural environments.
(1) It is a global partnership of governments,
businesses, civil society, and indigenous peoples.
(3) CITES is legally binding on the States that have
joined it, but this Convention does not take the
(2) It provides financial aid to universities, individual
place of national laws.
scientists, and institutions involved in scientific
forestry research to develop eco-friendly and
Select the correct answer using the code given
climate adaptation technologies for sustainable
below:
forest management.
(a) 1 only

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Environment PYQs 3 of 4 Legislations, Initiatives, Conventions

(b) 2 and 3 only Select the correct answer using the code given
(c) 1 and 3 only below:
(d) 1, 2 and 3 (a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
34. Which one of the following is associated with7075060014
(c) Both 1 and 2
the issue of control and phasing out of the use of
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
ozone-depleting substances? [2015]
(a) Bretton Woods Conference 38. Consider the following statements: [2014]
(b) Montreal Protocol
(c) Kyoto Protocol (1) Animal Welfare Board of India is established
under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
(d) Nagoya Protocol
(2) National Tiger Conservation Authority is a
35. What is Rio+20 Conference, often mentioned statutory body.
in the news? [2015]
(a) It is the United Nations Conference on (3) National Ganga River Basin Authority is chaired
Manoj
Sustainable Development. by the Prime Minister.
(b) It is a Ministerial Meeting of the World Trade
Which of the statements given above is/are
Organization.
correct?
(c) It is a Conference of the Inter-governmental
Panel on Climate Change. (a) 1 only
(d) It is a Conference of the Member Countries of (b) 2 and 3 only
the Convention on Biological Diversity. (c) 2 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
36. Which of the following statements regarding
‘Green Climate Fund’ is/are correct? [2015] 39. If a wetland of international importance is
brought under the ‘Montreux Record’, what does it
(1) It is intended to assist the developing countries imply? [2014]
in adaptation and mitigation practices to counter
climate change. (a) Changes in ecological character have occurred,
are occurring, or are likely to occur in the wetland
(2) It is founded under the aegis of UNEP, OECD, as a result of human interference.
Asian Development Bank, and World Bank. (b) The country in which the wetland is located
should enact a law to prohibit any human activity
Select the correct answer using the code given within five kilometres from the edge of the wetland.
below: (c) The survival of the wetland depends on the
(a) 1 only cultural practices and traditions of certain
communities living in its vicinity and therefore the
(b) 2 only [email protected]
cultural diversity therein should not be destroyed.
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) It is given the status of ‘World Heritage Site’.
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
40. With reference to ‘Global Environment
37. With reference to ‘Eco-Sensitive Zones’, which Facility’, which of the following statements is/are
of the following statements is/are correct? [2014] correct? [2014]

(1) Eco-Sensitive Zones are the areas that are (a) It serves as a financial mechanism for
declared under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. ‘Convention on Biological Diversity’ and ‘United
Nations Framework Convention on Climate
(2) The purpose of the declaration of Eco-Sensitive Change’.
Zones is to prohibit all kinds of human activities, in (b) It undertakes scientific research on
those zones except agriculture. environmental issues at a global level.
(c) It is an agency under OECD to facilitate the
transfer of technology and funds to

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Environment PYQs 3 of 4 Legislations, Initiatives, Conventions

underdeveloped countries with a specific aim to Which of the statements given above is/are
protect their environment. correct?
(d) Both (a) and (b) (a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2 only
41. With reference to a conservation organization
(c) 2 and 3 only
called ‘Wetlands International’, which of the
following statements is/are correct? [2014] (d) 1, 2 and 3

(1) It is an intergovernmental organization formed 44. Consider the following fauna of India: [2013]
by the countries which are signatories to Ramsar
Convention. (1) Gharial

(2) It works at the field level to develop and mobilize (2) Leatherback turtle
knowledge and use the practical experience to
advocate for better policies. (3) Swamp deer

Select the correct answer using the code given Which among the above is/are endangered?
below:
(a) 1 and 2 only
(a) 1 only (b) 3 only
(b) 2 only (c) 1, 2 and 3
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) None of the above
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 Manoj
45. In the Union Budget 2011-12, a full exemption
42. Consider the following international from the basic customs duty was extended to
agreements: [2014] bio-based asphalt (bio asphalt). What is the
importance of this material? [2011]
(1) The International Treaty on Plant Genetic
Resources for Food and Agriculture (1) Unlike traditional asphalt, bio asphalt is not
based on fossil fuels.
(2) The United Nations Convention to Combat
Desertification (2) Bioasphalt can be made from non-renewable
resources.
(3) The World Heritage Convention
(3) Bioasphalt can be made from organic waste
Which of the above has/have a bearing on the materials.
biodiversity?
[email protected]
(4) It is eco-friendly to use bio asphalt for the
(a) 1 and 2 only
surfacing of the roads.
(b) 3 only
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(b) 1, 3 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
(c) 2 and 4 only
43. Consider the following statements regarding (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
‘Earth Hour’: [2014]
46. Sustainable development is described as the
(1) It is an initiative of UNEP and UNESCO. development that meets the needs of the present
without compromising the ability of future
(2) It is a movement in which the participants switch generations to meet their own needs. In this
off the lights for one hour on a certain day every perspective, inherently the concept of sustainable
year. development is intertwined with which of the
following concepts? [2010]
(3) It is a movement to raise the awareness about
(a) Social justice & empowerment
the climate change and the need to save the planet.
(b) Inclusive Growth

7075060014
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Environment PYQs 3 of 4 Legislations, Initiatives, Conventions

(c) Globalization (b) UN Conference on Environment and

(d) Carrying capacity Development, Rio de Janeiro, 1992
(c) World Summit on Sustainable Development,
47. The satellite Oceansat-2 launched by India Johannesburg, 2002
helps in [2010]: (d) UN Climate Change Conference, Copenhagen,
2009
(1) Estimating the water vapour content in the
atmosphere. 51. Which one of the following Union Ministries
implements the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety?
(2) Predicting the onset of monsoon. [2009]

(3) Monitoring the pollution of coastal water. (a) Ministry of Science and Technology
(b) Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
(a) 1 and 2 only
(c) Ministry of Environment and Forests
(b) 2 only
(d) Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
52. In India, who is the Chairman of the National
Water Resources Council? [2009]
48. India is a party to the Ramsar Convention and
has declared many areas as Ramsar Sites. [2010] (a) Prime Minister
(b) Minister of Water Resources
Which of the following statements best describes (c) Minister of Environment and Forests
how we should maintain these sites in the context
(d) Minister of Science and Technology
of this convention?
(a) Keep all the sites completely inaccessible to 53. The concept of carbon credit originated from
humans so that they will not be exploited. which one of the following? [2009]
(b) Conserve all the sites through an ecosystem
(a) Earth Summit, Rio de Janeiro
approach and permit tourism and recreation only.
(b) Kyoto Protocol
(c) Conserve all the sites through an ecosystem
approach for a period without any exploitation, (c) Montreal Protocol
[email protected]
with specific criteria and specific period for each (d) G-8 Summit, Heiligendamm
site, and then allow sustainable use of them by
future generations.
7075060014 54. Recently, which one of the following was
(d) Conserve all the sites through an ecosystem included in the UNESCO's World Heritage list?
approach and allow their simultaneous sustainable [2009]
use.
(a) Dilwara Temple
(b) Kalka-Shimla Railway line
49. As per the UN - Habitat's Global Report on
Human Settlements 2009, which one among the (c) Bhitarkanika Mangrove Area
following regions has shown the fastest growth (d) Visakhapatnam to Araku valley railway line
rate of urbanization in the last three decades?
[2010] 55. In the context of CO2 emission and Global
(a) Asia Warming, what is the name of a market-driven
device under the UNFCCC that allows developing
(b) Europe
countries to get funds/incentives from developed
(c) Latin America and the Caribbean countries to adopt better technologies that reduce
(d) North America greenhouse gas emissions? [2009]
(a) Carbon Footprint
50. The United Nations Framework Convention on
(b) Carbon Credit Rating
Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an international
treaty drawn at [2010] (c) Clean Development Mechanism
(d) Emission Reduction Norm
(a) United Nations Conference on the Human
Environment, Stockholm, 1972

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Environment PYQs 3 of 4 Legislations, Initiatives, Conventions

56. Where was the first desalination plant in India (a) The first meeting of the Parties (MOP-1) to the
to produce one lakh litres of freshwater per day Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety was held in the
based on low temperature thermal desalination Philippines in the year 2004.
principle Commissioned? [2008] (b) India is not a signatory to the Biosafety
(a) Kavaratti Protocol/Convention on Biological Diversity.
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(b) Port Blair (c) The Biosafety Protocol deals with genetically
modified organisms.
(c) Mangalore
(d) The United States of America is a member of the
(d) Valsad
Biosafety Protocol/Convention on Biological
Diversity
57. Which one of the following Union Ministries is
implementing the Biodiesel Mission (as Nodal
62. Consider the following sites/monuments:
Ministry)? [2008]
[2005]
(a) Ministry of Agriculture
(b) Ministry of Science and Technology (1) Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park
(c) Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
(2) Chhatrapati Shivaji Railway Station, Mumbai
Manoj
(d) Ministry of Rural Development
(3) Mamallapuram
58. Where was the World Summit on Sustainable
Development (Rio+10) held? [2008] (4) Sun Temple (Konark Temple)
(a) Davos
Which of the above are included in the World
(b) Nova Scotia Heritage List of UNESCO?
(c) Johannesburg
(a) 1, 2 and 3
(d) Shanghai
(b) 1, 3 and 4
(c) 2 and 4
59. Consider the following statements: [2008]
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
(1) Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) in
respect of carbon credits is one of the Kyoto 63. Consider the following statements: [2005]
Protocol Mechanisms.
(1) Kyoto Protocol came into force in the year 2005.
(2) Under the CDM, the projects handled pertain
only to the Annex-I countries. (2) Kyoto Protocol deals primarily with the
depletion of the Ozone layer.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct? (3) Methane as a greenhouse gas is more harmful
than carbon dioxide.
(a) 1 only
[email protected]
(b) 2 only Which of the statements is/are correct?
(c) Both 1 and 2
(a) 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
(b) 1 and 3
(c) 1 only
60. Wangari Maathai, the Nobel Prize winner from
Kenya is known for her contribution to which one (d) 3 only
of the following? [2007]
64. Consider the following statements: The
(a) Journalism
Ministerial Meeting of the WTO held in December
(b) International economics 1999 was unsuccessful because it attempted to
(c) Sustainable development link trade with [2000]
(d) Child development
(I) labour related issues.
61. Which of the statements is correct? [2005]
(II) environment related issues.

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Environment PYQs 3 of 4 Legislations, Initiatives, Conventions

(III) terrorism related issues. Manoj

7075060014

(IV) debt related issues.

Which of these statements are correct?

(a) I, III and IV
(b) I and II
(c) II and III
(d) II and IV

65. ‘Eco mark’ is given to the Indian products that

are [1998]
(a) Pure and unadulterated
(b) Rich in proteins
(c) Environment friendly
(d) Economically viable

66. World Environment Conference to discuss

global warming was held in 1997 in [1998]
(a) Stockholm
(b) Rio de Janeiro
(c) Paris
(d) Kyoto

[email protected]

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Environment PYQs 3 of 4 Legislations, Initiatives, Conventions

(3) Apprehension of a protected wild animal

becoming a danger to human life is sufficient
ground for its capture or killing.

Which of the statements given above is/are

7075060014
correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 3 only

Solution 2.
Correct Answer: (a)
• The Bombay High Court declared that wild
animals, including tigers, are considered
Manoj
“government property for all purposes,” and any
damages they cause should be compensated by the
Government.
• The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, ensures equal
protection for wild animals, irrespective of their
location.
• The Chief Wildlife Warden of the State is
1. Which one of the following has been constituted
authorized to decide on capturing or killing wild
under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986?
animals listed in Schedule I of the WPA, 1972,
[2022]
under specific circumstances.
(a) Central Water Commission
(b) Central Ground Water Board 3. At the national level, which ministry is the nodal
(c) Central Ground Water Authority agency to ensure effective implementation of the
(d) National Water Development Agency Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest
Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006?
[2021]
Solution 1.
(a) Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate
Correct Answer: (c)
Change
• The Central Ground Water Authority (CGWA) (b) Ministry of Panchayati Raj
was established under Section 3(3) of the
(c) Ministry of Rural Development
Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
[email protected]
(d) Ministry of Tribal Affairs
• Its role is to regulate and control the development
and management of groundwater resources in
Solution 3.
India.
Correct Answer: (d)
2. With reference to Indian laws about wildlife • The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional
protection, consider the following statements: Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act,
[2022] 2006, acknowledges the rights of forest-dwelling
tribal communities and other traditional forest
(1) Wild animals are the sole property of the dwellers to forest resources.
government.
• The Ministry of Tribal Affairs is responsible for
the Act's effective implementation.
(2) When a wild animal is declared protected, such
animal is entitled for equal protection whether it is
found in protected areas or outside. 4. With reference to the ‘New York Declaration on
Forests’, which of the following statements are

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Environment PYQs 3 of 4 Legislations, Initiatives, Conventions

correct? [2021]
Correct Answer: (a)
(1) It was first endorsed at the United Nations • The Common Carbon Metric, developed by the
Climate Summit in 2014. United Nations Environment Program’s Sustainable
[email protected]
Buildings & Climate Initiative (UNEP-SBCI),
(2) It endorses a global timeline to end the loss of measures and reports GHG emissions from building
forests. operations worldwide.
• It standardizes energy use measurement without
(3) It is a legally binding international declaration.
including value-based interpretations such as
weighting or benchmarking.
(4) It is endorsed by governments, big companies,
and indigenous communities. • Its main aim is to facilitate GHG emissions
reduction by accurately measuring energy
(5) India was one of the signatories at its inception. efficiency improvements.

Select the correct answer using the code given

6. Consider the following statements. [2021]
below:
(a) 1, 2 and 4 only Statement 1: The United Nations Capital
(b) 1, 3 and 5 only Development Fund (UNCDF) and the Arbor Day
Foundation have recently recognized Hyderabad as
(c) 3 and 4 only
2020 Tree City of the World.
(d) 2 and 5 only
Statement 2: Hyderabad was selected for the
Solution 4. recognition for a year following its commitment to
grow and maintain the urban forests.
Correct Answer: (a)
• The New York Declaration on Forests was Which one of the following is correct in respect of
endorsed at the United Nations the above statements?
Secretary-General’s Climate Summit in 2014, by
(a) Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct
governments, companies, and civil societies.
and Statement 2 is the correct explanation for
• It commits to halving deforestation rates by 2020, Statement 1.
ending deforestation by 2030, and restoring (b) Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct
degraded land. but Statement 2 is not the correct explanation for
• Over 200 endorsers include national and Statement 1.
sub-national governments, multinational (c) Statement 1 is correct but Statement 2 is not
companies, indigenous peoples, non-government correct.
organizations, and financial institutions from (d) Statement 1 is not correct but Statement 2 is
countries like the EU member states, Canada, correct.
Japan, Kenya, and Ethiopia. 7075060014

• India did not sign the declaration at its inception. Solution 6.

Correct Answer: (d)
5. The ‘Common Carbon Metric’, supported by
• Hyderabad was recognized as a ‘2020 Tree City of
UNEP, has been developed for [2021]
the World’ by the Arbor Day Foundation and the
(a) assessing the carbon footprint of building Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO).
operations around the world.
• The city was acknowledged for its commitment to
(b) enabling commercial farming entities around the urban forestry growth and maintenance through
world to enter carbon emission trading. the Haritha Haram programme and Urban Forest
(c) enabling governments to assess the overall Parks.
carbon footprint caused by their countries.
(d) assessing the overall carbon footprint caused by 7. Consider the following statements: [2020]
the use of fossil fuels by the world in a unit time.
(1) 36% of India’s districts are classified as
Solution 5. ‘overexploited’ orManoj
‘critical’ by the Central Ground

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Environment PYQs 3 of 4 Legislations, Initiatives, Conventions

Water Authority (CGWA). • Species in Schedule III and IV are protected with
lower penalties, while Schedule V animals may be
Manoj
7075060014
(2) CGWA was formed under the Environment hunted.
(Protection) Act.
• Schedule VI lists endemic plants banned from
cultivation and planting without a license.
(3) India has the largest area under groundwater
irrigation in the world.
9. In India, ‘extended producer responsibility’ was
Which of the statements given above is/are introduced as an important feature in which of the
correct? following? [2019]
(a) 1 only (a) The Bio-medical Waste (Management and
(b) 2 and 3 only Handling) Rules, 1998
(c) 2 only (b) The Recycled Plastic (Manufacturing and Usage)
Rules, 1999
(d) 1 and 3 only
(c) The e-Waste (Management and Handling) Rules,
2011
Solution 7.
(d) The Food Safety and Standard Regulations, 2011
Correct Answer: (b)
• Groundwater levels across India are categorized Solution 9.
into three classifications: Over-exploited, Critical,
Correct Answer: (c)
and Semi-critical based on extraction rates.
• Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) was
• The 'National Compilation on Dynamic
introduced in the e-Waste (Management and
Groundwater Resources of India, 2017' report by
Handling) Rules, 2011.
CGWA reveals 17% of units are 'Over-Exploited',
5% 'Critical', and 14% 'Semi-critical'. • It places significant responsibility, either financial
and/or physical, on producers for the disposal or
• The CGWA was formed to regulate ground water
treatment of post-consumer products.
resources, under the Environment (Protection) Act,
1986. • EPR encourages waste prevention at the source,
environmentally friendly product design, and
• India, China, and the USA lead in areas under
supports public recycling and materials
groundwater irrigation as per a Food and
management goals.
Agriculture Organization (FAO) report.
• Producers of electrical and electronic equipment
are responsible for managing their products at their
8. If a particular plant species is placed under
end of life.
Schedule VI of The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972,
what is the implication? [2020]
10. Consider the following statements: [2019]
(a) A licence is required to cultivate that plant.
(b) Such a plant cannot be cultivated under any (1) As per law, the Compensatory Afforestation
circumstances. Fund Management and Planning Authority exists at
(c) It is a Genetically Modified crop plant. both National and State levels.
(d) Such a plant is invasive and harmful to the [email protected]
ecosystem. (2) People’s participation is mandatory in the
compensatory afforestation programmes carried
out under the Compensatory Afforestation Fund
Solution 8.
Act, 2016.
Correct Answer: (a)
Which of the statements given above is/are
• The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, is designed to
correct?
protect plant and animal species and birds, with six
schedules offering varying levels of protection. (a) 1 only
• Schedule I and part II of Schedule II guarantee (b) 2 only
absolute protection and the highest penalties for (c) Both 1 and 2
offences. (d) Neither 1 nor 2

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Environment PYQs 3 of 4 Legislations, Initiatives, Conventions

The Environment Protection Act, 1986 empowers

Solution 10. the Government of India to
Correct Answer: (a)
(1) State the requirement of public participation in
• The Compensatory Afforestation Fund the process of environmental protection, and the
Management and Planning Authority exists both at procedure and manner in which it is sought.
National and State levels.
(2) Lay down the standards for emission or
• The Compensatory Afforestation Fund Act, 2016,
discharge of environmental pollutants from various
does not mandate public participation in
sources.
compensatory afforestation programmes.
Which of the statements given above is/are
11. Consider the following statements: [2019] correct?
(a) 1 only
(1) As per recent amendment to the Indian Forest
Act, 1927, forest dwellers have the right to fell the (b) 2 only
bamboos grown on forest areas. (c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
(2) As per the Scheduled Tribes and Other
Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest
Solution 12.
Rights) Act, 2006, bamboo is a minor forest
produce. Correct Answer: (b)
• The Government of India can establish emission
(3) The Scheduled Tribes and Other TraditionalManoj
or discharge standards for environmental
Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forests Rights) Act,
pollutants from various sources under Section 3 of
2006 allows ownership of minor forest produce to
the Environmental Protection Act.
forest dwellers.

Which of the statements given above is/are 13. As per the Solid Waste Management Rules,
correct? 2016 in India, which one of the following
statements is correct? [2019]
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only (a) Waste generator has to segregate waste into
five categories.
(c) 3 only
(b) The Rules are applicable to notified urban local
(d) 1, 2 and 3
bodies, notified towns, and all industrial townships
only.
Solution 11.
(c) The Rules provide for exact and elaborate
[email protected]
Correct Answer: (b) criteria for the identification of sites for landfills
and waste processing facilities.
• The Indian Forest (Amendment) Ordinance, 2017,
removes bamboo grown in non-forest areas from (d) It is mandatory on the part of the waste
the definition of a tree, eliminating the need for a generator that the waste generated in one district
felling/transit permit for its economic use. cannot be moved to another district.

• Minor Forest Produce (MFP) includes all

Solution 13.
non-timber forest produce of plant origin, such as
bamboo, brushwood, and medicinal plants, as Correct Answer: (c)
defined under the Scheduled Tribes and Other
• The Solid Waste Management Rules of 2016
Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest
outline criteria for solid waste processing and
Rights) Act, 2006.
treatment facilities, including waste to energy
• The Forest Rights Act 2006 grants forest dwellers processes, sanitary landfills, pollution prevention,
the right of ownership over minor forest produce. and rehabilitation of old dumps.

12. Consider the following statements: [2019] 14. Consider the following statements: [2019]

7075060014
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Environment PYQs 3 of 4 Legislations, Initiatives, Conventions

(1) Under Ramsar Convention, it is mandatory on Which of the statements given above are correct?
the part of the Government of India to protect and
(a) 1, 2 and 3
conserve all the wetlands in the territory of India.
(b) 2, 3 and 4
(2) The Wetlands (Conservation and Management) (c) 1, 2 and 4
Rules, 2010 were framed by the Government of (d) 1, 3 and 4
India based on the recommendation of Ramsar
Convention.
Solution 15.
(3) The Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Correct Answer: (c)
Rules, 2010 also encompass the drainage area or
• The Ministry of Home Affairs recognizes 75 tribal
catchment regions of the wetlands as determined
groups as Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups
by the authority.
(PVTGs) across 18 states and Andaman & Nicobar
Islands.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct? • PVTGs are a special category within the
Scheduled Tribes, identified based on the Dhebar
(a) 1 and 2 only
Commission's report (1960-61).
(b) 2 and 3 only
• Identification criteria include pre-agricultural
(c) 3 only
practices, hunting and gathering lifestyle, zero or
(d) 1, 2 and 3 negative population growth, and low literacy levels.
• Examples include Konda Reddy from Khammam
Solution 14.
district, Telangana, and Irular from Tamil Nadu.
Correct Answer: (c)
• Article 4 of the Ramsar Convention promotes 16. How is the National Green Tribunal (NGT)
wetland conservation but doesn't obligate the different from the Central Pollution Control Board
Government of India to protect all wetlands within (CPCB)? [2018]
its territory.
(1) The NGT has been established by an Act
• The Wetlands (Conservation and Management)
whereas the CPCB has been created by an
Rules, 2010, by the Ministry of Environment and [email protected]
executive order of the Government.
Forest, aim to enhance wetland conservation and
management, not directly recommended by the
(2) The NGT provides environmental justice and
Ramsar Convention.
7075060014
helps reduce the burden of litigation in the higher
• The definition of "wetland" in the 2010 Rules courts whereas the CPCB promotes cleanliness of
encompasses various water bodies and excludes streams and wells, and aims to improve the quality
main river channels, paddy fields, and coastal of air in the country.
wetland.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
15. Consider the following statements about
Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) in (a) 1 only
India: [2019] (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(1) PVTGs reside in 18 States and one Union
Territory. (d) Neither 1 nor 2

(2) A stagnant or declining population is one of the Solution 16.

criteria for determining PVTG status.
Correct Answer: (b)
(3) There are 95 PVTGs officially notified in the • The National Green Tribunal (NGT), established
country so far. by the National Green Tribunal Act, 2010, handles
environmental issues.
(4) Irular and Konda Reddi tribes are included in the
• It operates on principles of natural justice, aiming
list of PVTGs.
for speedy resolution within 6 months of filing.

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 Environment PYQs 3 of 4 Legislations, Initiatives, Conventions

• Principal place of sitting is in New Delhi, with neutrality.

additional sittings in Bhopal, Pune, Kolkata, and
• In the following year, it introduced a new focus
Chennai.
within its Momentum for Change Initiative
• The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) emphasizing Climate Neutral Now.
focuses on preventing water and air pollution and
promoting environmental cleanliness.
19. According to the Wildlife (Protection) Act,
[email protected]
1972, which of the following animals cannot be
17. The Partnership for Action on Green Economy hunted by any person except under some
(PAGE), a UN mechanism to assist countries provisions provided by law? [2017]
transition towards greener and more inclusive
economies, emerged at [2018] (1) Gharial
(a) The Earth Summit on Sustainable Development (2) Indian wild ass
2002, Johannesburg Manoj
(3) Wild buffalo
(b) The United Nations Conference on Sustainable
Development 2012, Rio de Janeiro Select the correct answer using the code given
(c) The United Nations Framework Convention on below:
Climate change 2015, Paris
(a) 1 only
(d) The World Sustainable Development Summit
(b) 2 and 3 only
2016, New Delhi
(c) 1 and 3 only
Solution 17. (d) 1, 2 and 3

Correct Answer: (b)

Solution 19.
• The Partnership for Action on Green Economy
Correct Answer: (d)
(PAGE) was initiated in 2013 as a response to the
Rio+20 conference's call for support towards green • Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus), Indian Wild Ass
and inclusive economic growth. (Equus hemionus khur), and Wild Buffalo (Bubalus
bubalis) are listed under Schedule I of the Wildlife
• PAGE aims to align economic policies and
(Protection) Act, 1972.
practices with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development and its Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs). 20. Which of the following best describes/describe
the aim of ‘Green India Mission’ of the
• It is a collaborative effort of five UN agencies: UN
Government of India? [2016]
Environment, International Labour Organization
(ILO), UN Development Programme, UN Industrial
(1) Incorporating environmental benefits and costs
Development Organization, and UN Institute for
into the Union and State Budgets thereby
Training and Research.
implementing the ‘green accounting’.

7075060014
18. “Momentum for Change: Climate Neutral (2) Launching the second green revolution to
Now” is an initiative launched by [2018] enhance agricultural output so as to ensure food
security to one and all in the future.
(a) The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change
(3) Restoring and enhancing forest cover and
(b) The UNEP Secretariat responding to climate change by a combination of
(c) The UNFCCC Secretariat adaptation and mitigation measures.
(d) The World Meteorological Organization
Select the correct answer using the code given
below:
Solution 18.
(a) 1 only
Correct Answer: (c)
(b) 2 and 3 only
• The Climate Neutral Now initiative was launched
(c) 3 only
by the UNFCCC secretariat in 2015 to encourage
the global community towards achieving climate (d) 1, 2 and 3

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 Environment PYQs 3 of 4 Legislations, Initiatives, Conventions

(c) capital contributed by the member countries in

Solution 20. the establishment of Asian Infrastructure
Investment Bank
Correct Answer: (c)
(d) plan of action outlined by the countries of the
• The Green India Mission (GIM), part of the world regarding Sustainable Development Goals
National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC),
launched in 2014, aims to enhance forest cover,
Solution 22. [email protected]
ecosystem services, and livelihood income for about
3 million households through adaptation and Correct Answer: (b)
mitigation measures.
• The Intended Nationally Determined
Contribution (INDC) is linked with the United
21. With reference to pre-packaged items in India, Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
it is mandatory for the manufacturer to put which (UNFCCC).
Manoj on the main label, as
of the following information
• It represents the action plans set by global
per the Food Safety and Standards (Packaging and
countries to address climate change, as part of the
Labelling) Regulations, 2011? [2016]
Paris Agreement, adopted in December 2015
during the 21st session of the Conference of the
(1) List of ingredients including additives
Parties (CoP21).
(2) Nutrition information • Nations have disclosed their post-2020 climate
initiatives as part of the new international deal.
(3) Recommendations, if any, made by the medical
profession about the possibility of any allergic
23. Which of the following are the key features of
reactions
‘National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA)?
[2016]
(4) Vegetarian/non-vegetarian
(1) River basin is the unit of planning and
Select the correct answer using the code given
management.
below:
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only (2) It spearheads the river conservation efforts at
(b) 2, 3 and 4 only the national level.
(c) 1, 2 and 4 only
(3) One of the Chief Ministers of the States through
(d) 1 and 4 only which the Ganga flows becomes the Chairman of
NGRBA on a rotation basis.
Solution 21.
Select the correct answer using the code given
Correct Answer: (c)
below:
• In India, pre-packaged items must label
(a) 1 and 2 only
information such as food name, nutritional
7075060014
information, ingredients, food additives, net (b) 2 and 3 only
quantity/weight, batch identification, (c) 1 and 3 only
manufacturer's details, date marking, and (d) 1, 2 and 3
veg/non-veg declaration.
Solution 23.
22. The term ‘Intended Nationally Determined
Correct Answer: (a)
Contributions’ is sometimes seen in the news in
the context of [2016] • The National Ganga River Basin Authority
(NGRBA) functions under the Jal Shakti ministry,
(a) pledges made by the European countries to
focusing on the conservation of the Ganga River by
rehabilitate refugees from the war-affected Middle
preventing pollution and overuse.
East
(b) plan of action outlined by the countries of the • On 20 September 2016, the Indian government
world to combat climate change introduced the “National Council for River Ganga
(Rejuvenation, Protection and Management)”
NCRG to supersede the NGRBA.

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 Environment PYQs 3 of 4 Legislations, Initiatives, Conventions

• An international agreement supplementing the

• The National Ganga Council, led by the Prime
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
Minister and established under the Environment
concerning biosafety, effective since 2003.
(Protection) Act, 1986, aims to provide effective
pollution control and rejuvenate the Ganga, with • It aims to safeguard biological diversity from risks
the National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) posed by genetically modified organisms resulting
serving as its operational wing. from modern biotechnology.
[email protected]

24. Consider the following pairs: [2016] 25. Which of the following statements is/are
correct? Proper design and effective
(Terms sometimes seen in the news - their origin)
implementation of UN-REDD+ Programme can
significantly contribute to [2016]
(1) Annex—I Countries - Cartagena Protocol
(1) Protection of biodiversity
(2) Certified EmissionsManoj
Reductions - Nagoya
Protocol
(2) Resilience of forest ecosystems
(3) Clean Development Mechanism - Kyoto
(3) Poverty reduction
Protocol
Select the correct answer using the code given
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly
below:
matched?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 3 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(c) 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Solution 25.
Solution 24.
Correct Answer: (d)
Correct Answer: (c)
• REDD+ extends beyond deforestation and forest
• The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan,
degradation by encouraging developing countries
in 1997 and came into force in February 2005, with
to:
192 Parties ratifying, including India in 2002.
• Reduce emissions from deforestation and forest
• It aimed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in
degradation.
developed countries by about 5% from 1990 levels
by 2012, marking it as the sole global treaty with • Conserve and enhance forest carbon stocks.
binding emission reduction targets.
• Sustainably manage forests.
• Parties are classified as Annex I (developed
• REDD+ can bolster employment opportunities
countries), Annex II (a subset of Annex I), Annex B
7075060014 and aid in poverty alleviation, contributing to
(Annex I parties with specific GHG targets), and
various Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs),
Non-Annex I (mostly developing countries not
including those related to poverty, health, hunger,
listed in Annex I).
and institutional improvements.
Nagoya Protocol:
26. With reference to ‘Agenda 21’, sometimes seen
• A legal framework under the Convention on
in the news, consider the following statements:
Biological Diversity for fair and equitable sharing of
[2016]
benefits arising from the utilization of genetic
resources.
(1) It is a global action plan for sustainable
• Adopted in Nagoya, Japan, in 2010, and became development.
effective in October 2014, with India signing in
2011 and ratifying in October 2012. (2) It originated in the World Summit on Sustainable
Development held in Johannesburg in 2002.
Cartagena Protocol:

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Environment PYQs 3 of 4 Legislations, Initiatives, Conventions

Which of the statements given above is/are • Pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase
correct? to 1.5°C.
(a) 1 only • It includes key areas like mitigation, adaptation,
(b) 2 only loss and damage, finance, technology transfer,
capacity building, and transparency of action.
7075060014
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
28. Consider the following statements. [2016]
Solution 26.
(1) The Sustainable Development Goals were first
Correct Answer: (a) proposed in 1972 by a global think tank called the
‘Club of Rome’.
• Agenda 21 is a comprehensive plan by the United
Nations for achieving global sustainable
(2) The Sustainable Development Goals have to be
development, stemming from the Earth Summit in
achieved by 2030.
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1992.
• It emphasizes local governments creating their Which of the statements given above is/are
own Agenda 21 strategies to aim for sustainable correct?
Manoj
development by the 21st century.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
27. With reference to the Agreement at the
(c) Both 1 and 2
UNFCCC Meeting in Paris in 2015, which of the
following statements is/are correct? [2016] (d) Neither 1 nor 2

(1) The Agreement was signed by all the member Solution 28.
countries of the UN and it will go into effect in
Correct Answer: (b)
2017.
• The Club of Rome's "The Limits to Growth" report
(2) The Agreement aims to limit the greenhouse gas from 1972 discussed sustainable development and
emissions so that the rise in average global consumption habits but did not specifically propose
temperature by the end of this century does not the SDGs.
exceed 2 °C or even 1.5 °C above pre-industrial
• SDGs encompass a broader range of goals,
levels.
including environmental, poverty reduction,
education, and health objectives, formally titled
(3) Developed countries acknowledged their
“Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for
historical responsibility in global warming and
Sustainable Development.”
committed to donate $1000 billion a year from
2020 to help developing countries to cope with
climate change. 29. What is/are the importance/importances of
the ‘United Nations Convention to Combat
Select the correct answer using the code given
[email protected] Desertification’? [2016]
below:
(1) It aims to promote effective action through
(a) 1 and 3 only
innovative national programmes and supportive
(b) 2 only international partnerships.
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3 (2) It has a special/particular focus on South Asia
and North Africa regions, and its Secretariat
facilitates the allocation of major portion of
Solution 27.
financial resources to these regions.
Correct Answer: (b)
(3) It is committed to bottom-up approach,
• The Paris Agreement, from the 21st Conference
encouraging the participation of local people in
of Parties (COP21) under the UNFCCC, focuses on:
combating the desertification.
• Keeping global temperature rise this century well
below 2°C above pre-industrial levels.

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Environment PYQs 3 of 4 Legislations, Initiatives, Conventions

Select the correct answer using the code given (2) It provides financial aid to universities, individual
below: scientists, and institutions involved in scientific
Manoj
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forestry research to develop eco-friendly and
(a) 1 only
climate adaptation technologies for sustainable
(b) 2 and 3 only forest management.
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3 (3) It assists the countries in their ‘REDD+
(Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Forest
Degradation+)’ efforts by providing them with
Solution 29.
financial and technical assistance.
Correct Answer: (c)
Select the correct answer using the code given
• The United Nations Convention to Combat
below:
Desertification (UNCCD), established in 1994, is a
unique legal agreement focusing on sustainable (a) 1 only
land management to address desertification, land (b) 2 and 3 only
degradation, and drought.
(c) 1 and 3 only
• It promotes a bottom-up approach, involving local (d) 1, 2 and 3
community participation and targets specific
regions including Africa, Latin America, Asia, the
Solution 31.
Caribbean, the Northern Mediterranean, and
Central and Eastern Europe. Correct Answer: (c)
• The Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF)
30. The Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee focuses on reducing emissions from deforestation
is constituted under the [2015] and forest degradation (REDD+ activities) in
developing countries.
(a) Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006
(b) Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration • Strategic objectives include:
and Protection) Act, 1999 • Providing financial and technical assistance for
(c) Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 REDD+ capacity building.
(d) Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 • Piloting a performance-based payment system for
REDD+ activities to ensure equitable benefits.
Solution 30.
• Exploring ways to improve local livelihoods and
orrect Answer: (c) conserve biodiversity within REDD+ approaches.
• The Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee • Sharing knowledge gained from the development
(GEAC) is the apex body under the Environment and implementation of Readiness Preparation
Protection Act, 1986, situated within the Ministry Proposals (RPPs) and Emission Reductions
of Environment and Forest. Programs (ERPs).
• GEAC is responsible for approving activities
involving the large scale use of hazardous 32. With reference to an organization known as
microorganisms and recombinants from an ‘Birdlife International’, which of the following
environmental perspective, including the release of statements is/are correct? [2015] [email protected]
Genetically Engineered (GE) organisms and
products into the environment and experimental (1) It is a Global Partnership of Conservation
field trials. Organizations.

(2) The concept of ‘biodiversity hotspots’ originated

31. With reference to ‘Forest Carbon Partnership
from this organization.
Facility’, which of the following statements is/are
correct? [2015]
(3) It identifies the sites known/referred to as
‘Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas’.
(1) It is a global partnership of governments,
businesses, civil society, and indigenous peoples.
Select the correct answer using the code given
below:

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 Environment PYQs 3 of 4 Legislations, Initiatives, Conventions

(a) 1 only • IUCN offers a neutral platform for collaboration

(b) 2 and 3 only among governments, NGOs, scientists, businesses,
and communities.
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3 • CITES (the Convention on International Trade in
Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) was
initiated by a resolution at an IUCN meeting in
Solution 32.
1963, focusing on regulating [email protected]
trade of
Correct Answer: (c) endangered species.
• BirdLife International was originally established
as the International Council for Bird Preservation in 34. Which one of the following is associated with
1922 and renamed in 1993. the issue of control and phasing out of the use of
ozone-depleting substances? [2015]
• It is a partnership of conservation organizations
Manoj
aiming to conserve birds, their habitats, and global (a) Bretton Woods Conference
biodiversity. (b) Montreal Protocol
• BirdLife International is recognized for identifying (c) Kyoto Protocol
Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs), (d) Nagoya Protocol
focusing on the conservation of birds and wildlife.
Solution 34.
33. With reference to the International Union for
Correct Answer: (b)
Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
(IUCN) and the Convention on International Trade • The Montreal Protocol, agreed on 16 September
in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora 1987 and effective from 1 January 1989, aims to
(CITES), which of the following statements is/are protect the ozone layer by phasing out
correct? [2015] ozone-depleting substances (ODS).
• It has successfully phased out over 95% of ODS,
(1) IUCN is an organ of the United Nations and
demonstrating significant progress in protecting
CITES is an international agreement between
the ozone layer.
governments.
• The Protocol includes targets for phasing out
(2) IUCN runs thousands of field projects around Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) by 2030, with
the world to better manage natural environments. several revisions from 1990 (London) to 2016
(Kigali) to strengthen its goals.
(3) CITES is legally binding on the States that have
joined it, but this Convention does not take the
35. What is Rio+20 Conference, often mentioned
place of national laws.
in the news? [2015]
Select the correct answer using the code given (a) It is the United Nations Conference on
below: Sustainable Development.
7075060014
(a) 1 only (b) It is a Ministerial Meeting of the World Trade
Organization.
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) It is a Conference of the Inter-governmental
(c) 1 and 3 only
Panel on Climate Change.
(d) 1, 2 and 3
(d) It is a Conference of the Member Countries of
the Convention on Biological Diversity.
Solution 33.
Correct Answer: (b) Solution 35.
• The International Union for Conservation of Correct Answer: (a)
Nature (IUCN) is a voluntary organization, not a
• The United Nations Conference on Sustainable
United Nations agency.
Development, also known as Rio+20 or Earth
• Founded in 1948, it serves as a leading authority Summit 2012, aimed to reconcile economic and
on the environment and sustainable development. environmental goals globally.

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Environment PYQs 3 of 4 Legislations, Initiatives, Conventions

• Hosted by Brazil in Rio de Janeiro from 13 to 22 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

June 2012, marking 20 years since the original
Earth Summit in 1992.
Solution 37.
• The conference reaffirmed commitment to
Correct Answer: (d)
implementing Agenda 21.
• Eco-Sensitive Zones (ESZs) or Ecologically Fragile
Areas (EFAs) are designated areas around
36. Which of the following statements regarding
Protected Areas, National Parks, and Wildlife
‘Green Climate Fund’ is/are correct? [2015]
Sanctuaries, as notified by the Ministry of
Environment, Forests and Climate Change
(1) It is intended to assist the developing countries
(MoEFCC), Government of India.
in adaptation and mitigation practices to counter
climate change. • ESZs serve as "shock absorbers" to protected
areas by regulating activities around them, acting as
(2) It is founded under the aegis of UNEP, OECD, a transition zone.
Asian Development Bank, and World Bank.
• The term “Eco-Sensitive Zones” is not directly
mentioned in the Environment (Protection) Act of
Select the correct answer using the code given
1986, but the Central Government has the
below:
authority under Section 3(2)(v) of the Act and Rule
(a) 1 only 5(1) of the Environment (Protection Rules of 1986)
(b) 2 only to restrict certain operations based on ecological
considerations.
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 Manoj
38. Consider the following statements: [2014]
Solution 36.
(1) Animal Welfare Board of India is established
Correct Answer: (a) under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
• The Green Climate Fund (GCF) operates within
(2) National Tiger Conservation Authority is a
the UNFCCC framework, redistributing funds from
statutory body.
developed to developing countries to help them
counter climate change through adaptation and
(3) National Ganga River Basin Authority is chaired
mitigation practices.
by the Prime Minister.
• Established as a financial mechanism of the
UNFCCC, in line with Article 11 of the Convention. Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
• Aims to support developing countries in reducing
greenhouse gas emissions and in adapting to (a) 1 only
[email protected]
climate change impacts. (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 2 only
37. With reference to ‘Eco-Sensitive Zones’, which (d) 1, 2 and 3
of the following statements is/are correct? [2014]
Solution 38.
(1) Eco-Sensitive Zones are the areas that are
declared under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. Correct Answer: (b)
• The Animal Welfare Board of India, a statutory
(2) The purpose of the declaration of Eco-Sensitive
advisory body aimed at animal welfare, was
Zones is to prohibit all kinds of human activities, in
established in 1962 under the Prevention of
those zones except agriculture.
Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960, initiated by Smt.
Rukmini Devi Arundale.
Select the correct answer using the code given
below: • The National Tiger Conservation Authority
(NTCA), a statutory body under the Ministry of
(a) 1 only
Environment, Forests and Climate Change, was
(b) 2 only founded in 2005 based on Tiger Task Force
(c) Both 1 and 2 recommendations under the Wildlife (Protection)

7075060014
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Environment PYQs 3 of 4 Legislations, Initiatives, Conventions

Act, 1972. Solution 40.

• The National Ganga River Basin Authority Correct Answer: (a)
(NGRBA), now functioning under the Jal Shakti
• The Global Environment Facility (GEF), founded
ministry, was replaced by the National Council for
just before the 1992 Rio Earth Summit, acts as a
River Ganga (NCRG) in 2016, with the Prime 7075060014
catalyst for addressing major environmental issues.
Minister as its chairman, established under the
Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. • Works with a broad network, including civil
society organizations, the private sector, and
receives guidance from an independent evaluation
39. If a wetland of international importance is
office and scientific panel.
brought under the ‘Montreux Record’, what does it
imply? [2014] • Serves as a financial mechanism for international
conventions, including the Minamata Convention
(a) Changes in ecological character have occurred,
on Mercury, the Stockholm Convention, UNCBD,
are occurring, or are likely to occur in the wetland
UNCCD, and UNFCCC.
as a result of human interference.
(b) The country in which the wetland is located
should enact a law to prohibit any human activity 41. With reference to a conservation organization
Manoj
within five kilometres from the edge of the wetland. called ‘Wetlands International’, which of the
following statements is/are correct? [2014]
(c) The survival of the wetland depends on the
cultural practices and traditions of certain
(1) It is an intergovernmental organization formed
communities living in its vicinity and therefore the
by the countries which are signatories to Ramsar
cultural diversity therein should not be destroyed.
Convention.
(d) It is given the status of ‘World Heritage Site’.
(2) It works at the field level to develop and mobilize
Solution 39. knowledge and use the practical experience to
advocate for better policies.
Correct Answer: (a)
• The Montreux Record, under the Ramsar Select the correct answer using the code given
Convention, is a register for wetlands of below:
international importance where ecological
(a) 1 only
character changes due to human interference have
occurred or are likely. (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
• It is part of the Ramsar List, highlighting sites in
need of conservation attention. (d) Neither 1 nor 2

• Loktak Lake and Keoladeo National Park from

Solution 41.
India are listed on the Montreux Record.
Correct Answer: (b)
40. With reference to ‘Global Environment • Initially founded in 1937 as the International
[email protected]
Facility’, which of the following statements is/are Wildfowl Inquiry, it focused on water bird
correct? [2014] protection.
(a) It serves as a financial mechanism for • Renamed to International Waterfowl & Wetlands
‘Convention on Biological Diversity’ and ‘United Research Bureau (IWRB), expanding its focus to
Nations Framework Convention on Climate include wetland conservation.
Change’.
• Wetlands International is a global non-profit
(b) It undertakes scientific research on organization working to sustain and restore
environmental issues at a global level. wetlands for people and biodiversity.
(c) It is an agency under OECD to facilitate the
• Coordinates the International Water Bird Census,
transfer of technology and funds to
a significant citizen science project with a long
underdeveloped countries with a specific aim to
history of data collection.
protect their environment.
(d) Both (a) and (b)
42. Consider the following international
agreements: [2014]

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Environment PYQs 3 of 4 Legislations, Initiatives, Conventions

• The Earth Hour initiative, started by the World

(1) The International Treaty on Plant Genetic
Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF) in 2007, takes
Resources for Food and Agriculture
place annually on the last Saturday of March.
(2) The United Nations Convention to Combat
[email protected]
• It encourages global participation in turning off
Desertification non-essential lights from 8:30 pm to 9:30 pm local
time to conserve energy.
(3) The World Heritage Convention
• Serves as a symbolic gesture towards
environmental protection.
Which of the above has/have a bearing on the
biodiversity?
44. Consider the following fauna of India: [2013]
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 3 only (1) Gharial
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3 (2) Leatherback turtle

(3) Swamp deer

Solution 42.
Correct Answer: (d) Which among the above is/are endangered?
• The International Treaty on Plant Genetic (a) 1 and 2 only
Resources for Food and Agriculture was adopted in (b) 3 only
2001 by the FAO Conference, with India as a
(c) 1, 2 and 3
signatory.
(d) None of the above
• The United Nations Convention to Combat
Desertification, effective in 1996, is the only legal
Solution 44.
agreement combining environmental and
sustainable land management objectives. Correct Answer: (a)
• The World Heritage Convention, established in • Gharial and Leatherback Turtle are classified as
1972 under UNESCO, aims to identify and protect Critically Endangered by the IUCN.
the world's natural and cultural heritage.
• The Swamp Deer is categorized as Vulnerable by
IUCN.
43. Consider the following statements regarding
‘Earth Hour’: [2014]
45. In the Union Budget 2011-12, a full exemption
from the basic customs duty was extended to
(1) It is an initiative of UNEP and UNESCO.
bio-based asphalt (bio asphalt). What is the
importance of this material? [2011]
(2) It is a movement in which the participants switch
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off the lights for one hour on a certain day every
(1) Unlike traditional asphalt, bio asphalt is not
year.
based on fossil fuels.
(3) It is a movement to raise the awareness about
(2) Bioasphalt can be made from non-renewable
the climate change and the need to save the planet.
resources.
Which of the statements given above is/are
(3) Bioasphalt can be made from organic waste
correct?
materials.
(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2 only (4) It is eco-friendly to use bio asphalt for the
surfacing of the roads.
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3 (a) 1, 2 and 3 only
(b) 1, 3 and 4 only
Solution 43. (c) 2 and 4 only
Correct Answer: (c) (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 Manoj

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Environment PYQs 3 of 4 Legislations, Initiatives, Conventions

(c) 1 and 3 only

Solution 45. (d) 1, 2 and 3
Manoj
7075060014
Correct Answer: (b)
Solution 47.
• Bioasphalt is an eco-friendly alternative to
conventional asphalt, derived from various Correct Answer: (d)
non-petroleum, renewable resources like sugar,
• Oceansat-2 is India's second satellite dedicated to
molasses, starches from rice, corn, potatoes, natural
ocean applications, part of the Indian Remote
resins, latex rubber, vegetable oils, lignin, cellulose,
Sensing Programme.
and wastes from palm oil, coconut, peanuts, canola,
sewage, etc. • Launched to continue the operational use of the
Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM) on Oceansat-1 and
• It aims to lower carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions,
to expand applications in other areas.
offering a greener solution compared to traditional
bitumen-based asphalt. • The Government of India approved the
Oceansat-2 mission on 16 July 2005.
• The statement that Bioasphalt is not made from
renewable resources is incorrect, highlighting its • Payloads include the Ocean Colour Monitor
environmental advantages. (OCM), Ku-band Pencil Beam scatterometer (SCAT)
by ISRO, and Radio Occultation Sounder for
Atmosphere (ROSA) developed by the Italian Space
46. Sustainable development is described as the
Agency.
development that meets the needs of the present
without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs. In this 48. India is a party to the Ramsar Convention and
perspective, inherently the concept of sustainable has declared many areas as Ramsar Sites. [2010]
development is intertwined with which of the
following concepts? [2010] Which of the following statements best describes
how we should maintain these sites in the context
(a) Social justice & empowerment
of this convention?
(b) Inclusive Growth
(a) Keep all the sites completely inaccessible to
(c) Globalization
humans so that they will not be exploited.
(d) Carrying capacity
(b) Conserve all the sites through an ecosystem
approach and permit tourism and recreation only.
Solution 46.
(c) Conserve all the sites through an ecosystem
Correct Answer: (d) approach for a period without any exploitation,
with specific criteria and specific period for each
• Sustainable development was highlighted in the
site, and then allow sustainable use of them by
international governance by the Brundtland Report
future generations.
of 1987.
(d) Conserve all the sites through an ecosystem
• The carrying capacity of an environment refers to approach and allow their simultaneous sustainable
the maximum population size of a biological species use.
that an environment can sustain, given the available
resources.
Solution 48.
[email protected]
Correct Answer: (d)
47. The satellite Oceansat-2 launched by India
helps in [2010]: • The Ramsar Convention, established in 1971 in
Ramsar, Iran, focuses on the conservation and wise
(1) Estimating the water vapour content in the use of wetlands.
atmosphere.
• It promotes the wise use of all wetlands, their
designation as Wetlands of International
(2) Predicting the onset of monsoon.
Importance, and international cooperation on
transboundary wetlands and shared ecosystems.
(3) Monitoring the pollution of coastal water.
• Aims to maintain wetlands' ecological character
(a) 1 and 2 only
for sustainable development.
(b) 2 only

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Environment PYQs 3 of 4 Legislations, Initiatives, Conventions

(b) Ministry of Health and Family Welfare

49. As per the UN - Habitat's Global Report on (c) Ministry of Environment and Forests
Human Settlements 2009, which one among the
(d) Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers
following regions has shown the fastest growth
rate of urbanization in the last three decades?
[2010] Solution 51.

(a) Asia Correct Answer: (c)

(b) Europe • The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, a
(c) Latin America and the Caribbean supplement to the Convention on Biological
Diversity, governs the transboundary movements
(d) North America
of living modified organisms (LMOs) resulting from
modern biotechnology.
Solution 49.
• Adopted on 29 January 2000 and effective from
Correct Answer: (a) 11 September 2003, India ratified the Protocol in
• UN-Habitat reports Asia as the fastest urbanizing 2003.
region over the last thirty years. • The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate
• UN-Habitat, or the United Nations Human Change (MOEF&CC) is the competent national
Settlements Programme, focuses on human authority for the Protocol's implementation in
settlements and sustainable urban development. India.

• Established in 1978, stemming from the first UN

Conference on Human Settlements (Habitat I) in 52. In India, who is the Chairman of the National
1976. Water Resources Council? [2009]

• Headquartered in Nairobi, Kenya, at the United (a) Prime Minister

Nations Office. (b) Minister of Water Resources
(c) Minister of Environment and Forests
50. The United Nations Framework Convention on (d) Minister of Science and Technology
Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an international
treaty drawn at [2010] Solution 52.
[email protected]
(a) United Nations Conference on the Human Correct Answer: (a)
Environment, Stockholm, 1972
• The Prime Minister serves as the Chairman of the
(b) UN Conference on Environment and
7075060014
National Water Resources Council.
Development, Rio de Janeiro, 1992
(c) World Summit on Sustainable Development, • The Union Minister of Water Resources is the
Johannesburg, 2002 Vice-Chairman, with the Council comprising the
Minister of State for Water Resources, concerned
(d) UN Climate Change Conference, Copenhagen,
Union Ministers/Ministers of State, all State Chief
2009
Ministers, and Lieutenant
Governors/Administrators of Union Territories.
Solution 50.
Correct Answer: (b) 53. The concept of carbon credit originated from
• The UNFCCC, an international treaty for the which one of the following? [2009]
environment, was negotiated at the 1992 Earth (a) Earth Summit, Rio de Janeiro
Summit in Rio de Janeiro.
(b) Kyoto Protocol
• Entered into force on 21 March 1994, aiming to (c) Montreal Protocol
combat climate change.
(d) G-8 Summit, Heiligendamm

51. Which one of the following Union Ministries Solution 53.

implements the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety?
[2009] Correct Answer: (b)

(a) Ministry of Science and Technology

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Environment PYQs 3 of 4 Legislations, Initiatives, Conventions

• Kyoto Protocol introduced the concept of carbon

credits to encourage reduction of carbon emissions. Solution 56.
• Signed in 1997, Kyoto, Japan; allows countries to Correct Answer: (a)
earn credits for reducing emissions, where one
• The National Institute of Ocean Technology
credit equals one tonne of CO2.
(NIOT) in Chennai established the world’s first
self-powered desalination plant using ocean
54. Recently, which one of the following was thermal energy conversion (OTEC) technology on
included in the UNESCO's World Heritage list? Kavaratti Island, Lakshadweep.
[2009]
(a) Dilwara Temple 57. Which one of the following Union Ministries is
(b) Kalka-Shimla Railway line implementing the Biodiesel Mission (as Nodal
Ministry)? [2008]
(c) Bhitarkanika Mangrove Area
(d) Visakhapatnam to Araku valley railway line (a) Ministry of Agriculture
(b) Ministry of Science and Technology
Solution 54. (c) Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
Correct Answer: (b) (d) Ministry of Rural Development

• The Kalka–Shimla railway was declared a

Solution 57.
UNESCO World Heritage Site on 8 July 2008, as
part of the mountain railways of India. Correct Answer: (d)
Manoj • Bio-diesel, an eco-friendly alternative diesel fuel,
55. In the context of CO2 emission and Global is made from domestic renewable resources such as
Warming, what is the name of a market-driven vegetable oils (edible or non-edible) and animal fats.
device under the UNFCCC that allows developing
• The Ministry of Rural Development was initially
countries to get funds/incentives from developed
designated as the nodal ministry for the Bio-diesel
countries to adopt better technologies that reduce
Mission, with the Energy Research Institute (TERI),
greenhouse gas emissions? [2009]
New Delhi, preparing a Detailed Project Report
(a) Carbon Footprint (DPR) submitted to the Planning Commission.
(b) Carbon Credit Rating • Currently, the Ministry of New and Renewable
(c) Clean Development Mechanism Energy Resources oversees the National Policy on
(d) Emission Reduction Norm Biofuels.

Solution 55. 58. Where was the World Summit on Sustainable

Development (Rio+10) held? [2008]
[email protected]
Correct Answer: (c)
(a) Davos
• The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) under
the Kyoto Protocol allows emission-reduction (b) Nova Scotia
projects in developing countries to earn certified (c) Johannesburg
emission reduction (CER) credits. (d) Shanghai
• These credits can be traded and sold, aiding in
global emission reduction efforts. Solution 58.
Correct Answer: (c)
56. Where was the first desalination plant in India
• The World Summit on Sustainable Development
to produce one lakh litres of freshwater per day
took place in Johannesburg, South Africa, in August
based on low temperature thermal desalination
2002, a decade after the Rio Conference.
principle Commissioned? [2008]
• The summit reinforced sustainable development
(a) Kavaratti
as a key goal for balancing human needs with the
(b) Port Blair planet’s ability to provide resources and ecosystem
(c) Mangalore services.
(d) Valsad

7075060014
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Environment PYQs 3 of 4 Legislations, Initiatives, Conventions

59. Consider the following statements: [2008] (a) The first meeting of the Parties (MOP-1) to the
Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety was held in the
(1) Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) in Philippines in the year 2004.
respect of carbon credits is one of the Kyoto (b) India is not a signatory to the Biosafety
Protocol Mechanisms. Protocol/Convention on Biological Diversity.
(c) The Biosafety Protocol deals with genetically
(2) Under the CDM, the projects handled pertain
modified organisms.
only to the Annex-I countries.
(d) The United States of America is a member of the
Which of the statements given above is/are Biosafety Protocol/Convention on Biological
correct? Diversity

(a) 1 only
Solution 61.
(b) 2 only
Correct Answer: (c)
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 • The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, related to
the Convention on Biological Diversity, focuses on
the safe handling, transportation, and use of living
Solution 59.
modified organisms (LMOs) from biotechnology
Correct Answer: (c) that may impact biodiversity and human health.
• The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), • Adopted on 29 January 2000, it became effective
under the Kyoto Protocol, enables Annex 1 on 11 September 2003, with India ratifying it on 23
countries with emission reduction commitments to January 2003.
implement projects in developing countries.
• These projects can generate saleable certified 62. Consider the following sites/monuments:
emission reduction (CER) credits, each equal to one [2005]
ton of CO2, contributing to the fulfillment of Kyoto
targets. (1) Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park

(2) Chhatrapati Shivaji Railway Station, Mumbai

60. Wangari Maathai, the Nobel Prize winner from
[email protected]
Kenya is known for her contribution to which one
(3) Mamallapuram
of the following? [2007]
(a) Journalism
7075060014 (4) Sun Temple (Konark Temple)
(b) International economics
Which of the above are included in the World
(c) Sustainable development
Heritage List of UNESCO?
(d) Child development
(a) 1, 2 and 3
Solution 60. (b) 1, 3 and 4
(c) 2 and 4
Correct Answer: (c)
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
• Wangari Maathai, the first African woman to win
the Nobel Peace Prize, was a trailblazer in academia
Solution 62.
and environmental activism in Kenya.
Correct Answer: (d)
• She was the first female scholar from East and
Central Africa to earn a doctorate in biology and the • All listed are recognized as World Heritage Sites,
first female professor in Kenya. with India hosting 40 such sites: 32 cultural, 7
natural, and 1 mixed site.
• In 1977, she founded the Green Belt Movement,
focusing on tree planting, environmental
conservation, and women's rights. 63. Consider the following statements: [2005]

(1) Kyoto Protocol came into force in the year 2005.

61. Which of the statements is correct? [2005]

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Environment PYQs 3 of 4 Legislations, Initiatives, Conventions

(2) Kyoto Protocol deals primarily with the (b) Rich in proteins
depletion of the Ozone layer.
(c) Environment friendly
(3) Methane as a greenhouse gas is more harmful (d) Economically viable
than carbon dioxide.
Solution 65.
Which of the statements is/are correct?
Correct Answer: (c)
(a) 1 and 2
• The Eco-mark is a voluntary labeling scheme
(b) 1 and 3 designed to identify environmentally friendly
(c) 1 only products.
(d) 3 only • It specifies environmentally friendly products as
those made, used, or disposed of in a manner that
Solution 63. significantly reduces their environmental impact.
Correct Answer: (b)
66. World Environment Conference to discuss
• The Montreal Protocol specifically addresses the
global warming was held in 1997 in [1998]
depletion of the ozone layer, distinguishing it from
other environmental agreements. (a) Stockholm
(b) Rio de Janeiro
64. Consider the following statements: The (c) Paris
Ministerial Meeting of the WTO held in December (d) Kyoto
1999 was unsuccessful because it attempted toManoj
link trade with [2000]
Solution 66.
(I) labour related issues. Correct Answer: (d)
• The World Environment Conference in Kyoto,
(II) environment related issues.
Japan, in December 1997 led to the adoption of the
Kyoto Protocol on 11 December 1997, which
(III) terrorism related issues.
became effective on 16 February 2005.
(IV) debt related issues. • The Protocol mandates industrialized countries
and economies in transition to limit and reduce
Which of these statements are correct? GHG emissions based on agreed targets,
operationalizing the United Nations Framework
(a) I, III and IV
Convention on Climate Change.
(b) I and II
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(c) II and III
(d) II and IV

Solution 64.
Correct Answer: (b)
• The World Trade Organization (WTO) facilitates
and regulates international trade among nations,
setting and enforcing global trade rules.
• The 1999 WTO Ministerial Conference in Seattle
aimed to discuss trade agendas, including labor and
environmental issues, but faced disagreements and
failed to set a clear agenda.

65. ‘Eco mark’ is given to the Indian products that

are [1998]
(a) Pure and unadulterated

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