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Work and Energy - Formula Sheet

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Reinhard Scheer
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73 views

Work and Energy - Formula Sheet

All content is owned by The Organic Chemistry Tutor

Uploaded by

Reinhard Scheer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Work, Energy, and Power – Formula Sheet:

Kinetic Energy:

1
𝑲𝑬 = 𝑚𝑣 2
2

Note: Objects in motion have kinetic energy.

Potential Energy: 𝑷𝑬 = 𝑼𝑮

𝑷𝑬 = 𝑚𝑔ℎ 𝑼𝑮 = 𝑚𝑔𝑦

Note: Objects that have the ability to fall under the influence of
gravity has potential energy.

Work Done by a Constant Force:

𝑾 = 𝐹𝑑

Work Done by a Constant Force at an Angle:

𝑾 = 𝐹𝑑 cos 𝜃

𝑾 = 𝐹⃗ ∙ 𝑑⃗

𝑾 = 𝐹𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐹𝑦 𝑑𝑦

Work Done by a Varying Force:

𝑏
𝑾 = ∫ 𝐹(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝑎

𝑾 = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒

Simple Definition of Energy: Work-Energy Theorem:


The ability to do work.
𝑾𝒏𝒆𝒕 = ∆𝐾𝐸
Definition of Work:
The transfer of energy that occurs 1
𝑾𝒏𝒆𝒕 = 𝑚[𝑣𝐹 2 − 𝑣0 2 ]
by means of a force. 2

𝑾𝒏𝒆𝒕 = 𝑊𝑐 + 𝑊𝑛𝑐

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Conservation Forces: Work Done by a Conservative Force:

1. Gravitational force 𝑾𝒄 = −∆𝑈 = −∆𝑃𝐸


2. Electric force
3. Elastic force Work Done by Gravity:

𝑾𝑮 = −∆𝑈𝐺 = −𝑚𝑔(𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )

Work Done by the Elastic Spring Force:

1
𝑾𝑺 = −∆𝑈𝑆 = − 𝑘[𝑥𝐹 2 − 𝑥0 2 ]
2

Work Done by the Electric Force:

𝑾𝑬 = −∆𝑈𝐸 = −𝑞∆𝑉 = −𝑞[𝑉𝐹 − 𝑉0 ]

Nonconservative Forces: Work Done by a Nonconservative Force:

1. Applied Force 𝑾𝒏𝒄 = ∆𝑀𝐸


2. Tension Force
3. Frictional Force
Conservation of ME: Conservation of Energy:

Mechanical energy is conserved 𝑴𝑬 = 𝐾𝐸 + 𝑃𝐸


when only conservative forces
are present in the system. 𝑾𝒏𝒄 = 𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 − 𝑊𝑐

𝑾𝒏𝒄 = ∆𝑀𝐸 𝑾𝒏𝒆𝒕 = ∆𝐾𝐸 𝑾𝒄 = −∆𝑃𝐸

Derivatives: Force – Potential Energy Integral Relationship:

𝑑 𝑏
𝑭𝒙 = − [𝑈(𝑥)] 𝑼(𝒙) = − ∫ 𝐹(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 ∆𝑼 = − ∫ 𝐹(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑎

Restoring Force of a Spring:

𝑭𝒔 = −𝑘𝑥

Elastic Potential Energy of a Spring:

1 2
𝑼𝒔 = 𝑘𝑥
2

1
𝑼(𝒙) = − ∫ 𝐹(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = − ∫ −𝑘𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑘𝑥 2 + 𝐶
2

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Gravitational Potential Energy:

GPE for objects near the surface of Earth:

𝑼𝑮 = 𝑚𝑔𝑦

GPE between two large planetary masses:

𝐺𝑀1 𝑀2
𝑼𝑮 =
𝑅

Definition: Power:
Power is the rate at which energy
is transferred. 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘
𝑷=
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒

Power – With Constant Velocity:

𝑷 = 𝐹𝑉

Average Power – With Constant Acceleration:

1
̅=
𝑷 𝐹(𝑣𝑜 + 𝑣𝑓 )
2

Power – Dot Product Formula:

𝑷 = 𝐹⃗ ∙ 𝑣⃗

𝑷 = 𝐹𝑣 cos 𝜃

𝑷 = 𝐹𝑥 𝑣𝑥 + 𝐹𝑦 𝑣𝑦

Power of a Water Pump:

𝑚
𝑷 = ( ) 𝑔ℎ
𝑡

Note: The quantity m/t is the mass flow rate in kg/s.

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