100MW Solar PV Plant Project

Feasibility Study Report

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 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

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100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

Revision History

Product Version Document Version Serial Number Reason for Revision

V1.00 V1.00 First published

Author

Prepared
Date Document Version Reviewed by Approved by
by
2014-9-18 V1.00
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 Introduction..................................................................................................... 1

2 Comprehensive Description .......................................................................... 2

2.1 Solar Resource ................................................................................................. 4
2.2 Project Geology ................................................................................................ 4
2.3 Project Task and Scale ..................................................................................... 5
2.4 Electricity .......................................................................................................... 5
2.5 Civil Engineering ............................................................................................... 6
2.6 Firefighting Design ............................................................................................ 6
2.7 Design of Construction Organization ................................................................ 7
2.8 Design of Project Management ......................................................................... 7
2.9 Environmental Protection and Water and Soil Conservation Measures ............. 8
2.10 Design of Labor Safety and Industrial Sanitation .............................................. 9
2.11 Energy Saving and Consumption Reduction ..................................................... 9

3 Solar Energy Sources .................................................................................. 10

3.1 Distribution status of Solar Energy sources .................................................... 10
3.2 Distribution Condition of Solar Energy sources ............................................... 11

4 Project Geology ............................................................................................ 12

4.1 Task and Contents of Surveying ..................................................................... 12

5 Task and Scale of Project ............................................................................ 13

5.1 Project Task.................................................................................................... 13
5.2 Current Conditions of Development of Social Economy .................................. 13
5.3 Analysis of Restrictions of Project Construction .............................................. 14
5.3.1 Analysis of Reasonableness of Construction Land ......................................... 14
5.3.2 Analysis of Connecting Conditions of Grid ...................................................... 14

6 System overall scheme design and yield calculation ................................ 15

6.1 The principle of solar PV power plant ............................................................. 15
6.2 Selection of Solar Module ............................................................................... 16
6.2.1 Classification of Solar Module ......................................................................... 16
6.2.2 Comparison of Technical Properties ............................................................... 17
6.2.3 Comparison of Economy ................................................................................ 20
6.2.4 Rated Power Selection of Solar Module.......................................................... 21
6.3 Selection of Solar Module Mounting ............................................................... 24
6.3.1 Selection of Operation Methods ...................................................................... 24
6.3.2 Fixed Mounting Information ............................................................................ 27
6.3.3 Fixed Type Brackets ....................................................................................... 27
6.3.4 Wind load calculation of solar PV bracket ....................................................... 29
6.4 Solar Module Array Design ............................................................................. 30
6.4.1 Design of Array Tilt Angle ............................................................................... 30
6.4.2 String Quantity of Solar Module ...................................................................... 32
6.4.3 Solar Array Distance ....................................................................................... 33

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100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

6.5 PV Power Plant overall layout ......................................................................... 34

6.5.1 Preliminary Outline of PV Power Plant ............................................................ 34
6.6 Selection of DC Combiner Box ....................................................................... 36
6.7 Selection of Inverter ........................................................................................ 38
6.7.1 Technical Parameters of Inverter .................................................................... 38
6.7.2 Selection of Inverter Item ................................................................................ 42
6.8 Selection of Power Transformer...................................................................... 45
6.8.1 Power Voltage Transformer ............................................................................ 45
6.8.2 Technical Advantage ...................................................................................... 46

7 Solar Power Plant yield Simulation ............................................................. 50

7.1 Solar Irradiation and Average Temperature .................................................... 50
7.2 Simulation Result ............................................................................................ 50
7.3 Analysis of Solar Source ................................................................................. 52
7.3.1 Monthly Report ............................................................................................... 52
7.3.2 Loss Coefficient .............................................................................................. 53
7.3.3 Uncertainty of simulation ................................................................................ 56
7.4 25 Years Generated Calculation ..................................................................... 57
7.4.1 Derating Curve of Module ............................................................................... 57
7.4.2 25 Years Simulation Calculation ..................................................................... 57

8 Electrical System Design ............................................................................. 59

8.1 Primary System .............................................................................................. 59
8.1.1 Design Basis................................................................................................... 59
8.1.2 Grid Interconnection ....................................................................................... 61
8.1.3 The Selection of the substation location.......................................................... 61
8.1.4 Electrical Single-line Diagram ......................................................................... 61
8.1.5 The Selection of the Main Electrical Devices .................................................. 63
8.2 Selection of Conductors .................................................................................. 63
8.2.1 The selection of the PV DC cables ................................................................. 64
8.2.2 The Selection of other types of the cables ...................................................... 64
8.2.3 Lightning and Overvoltage Protection ............................................................. 64
8.2.4 Station Power and Light .................................................................................. 65
8.2.5 Electrical Equipment Layout ........................................................................... 67
8.3 The Secondary System .................................................................................. 68
8.3.1 Grid Dispatch and Tele-control ....................................................................... 68
8.3.2 Solar PV power plant Comprehensive Monitor System ................................... 69
8.3.3 Relay protection and safety automatic device ................................................. 72
8.3.4 Secondary connection .................................................................................... 73
8.3.5 Control power system ..................................................................................... 74
8.3.6 Fire Alarm System .......................................................................................... 75
8.3.7 Surveillance system（CCTV） ....................................................................... 75
8.3.8 The electrical laboratory ................................................................................. 76
8.3.9 Environmental Monitoring System .................................................................. 76
8.4 Telecommunication......................................................................................... 76
8.4.1 PV array communication ................................................................................. 76
8.4.2 Substation communication .............................................................................. 76
8.4.3 Communication System DC Power Supply ..................................................... 77

9 Civil Works .................................................................................................... 77

9.1 General layout of the power plant ................................................................... 77
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

9.2 Main power plant building ............................................................................... 79

9.3 Civil Design .................................................................................................... 79
9.3.1 Building Design............................................................................................... 79
9.3.2 Structural Design ............................................................................................ 81
9.3.3 Water Supply and Drainage Design ................................................................ 84
9.3.4 Design of Heating and Ventilation ................................................................... 85
9.4 Civil Engineering Characteristics .................................................................... 86
9.5 Accompanying Diagram .................................................................................. 87

10 Fire Protection Design of Engineering ........................................................ 89

10.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 89
10.1.1 Design Standard and Principle ....................................................................... 89
10.1.2 General Design Principle ................................................................................ 90
10.1.3 Design Principle for Electromechanical Fire Protection ................................... 90
10.1.4 General Fire Protection Solution Design ......................................................... 91
10.2 Fire Control Engineering Design ..................................................................... 92
10.2.1 Location Arrangement of Main Buildings......................................................... 92
10.2.2 Fire Resistance Rating of Switch Station Building ........................................... 92
10.2.3 Fire Control Design of Main Place and Electromechanical Equipment ............ 93
10.2.4 Fire Water Supply Design ............................................................................... 96
10.3 Electrical Design for Fire Control .................................................................... 98
10.4 Communication Design for Fire Control .......................................................... 98
10.5 Fire and smoke control design for ventilation and air conditioning system ...... 98
10.5.1 Air Ventilation System..................................................................................... 98
10.5.2 Fire Prevention Design for Air Ventilation System ........................................... 98
10.5.3 Fire Control Design for Heating System .......................................................... 99
10.5.4 Emergency ventilation system design ............................................................. 99
10.6 Monitoring System for Fire Control ................................................................. 99
10.7 Equipment List of Fire Control System .......................................................... 100
10.8 Fire Control Design for Building .................................................................... 101
10.8.1 Fire Control Design for Complex Building and 33kV Electrical Distribution
Room ........................................................................................................... 101
10.8.2 Fire Control Design for Building Decoration .................................................. 101
10.8.3 Fire Control Design for Construction ............................................................. 101
10.9 Training for Fire Control ................................................................................ 103

11 Construction Organization Design ............................................................ 103

11.1 Preparation Principles................................................................................... 103
11.2 Construction Condition ................................................................................. 105
11.2.1 Project Construction Condition ..................................................................... 105
11.3 Overall Planning of Construction................................................................... 107
11.3.1 Principles of Construction Planning .............................................................. 107
11.3.2 Construction Electricity Scheme ................................................................... 108
11.3.3 Construction Water Scheme ......................................................................... 110
11.3.4 Leveling site ................................................................................................. 111
11.3.5 Concrete system........................................................................................... 111
11.3.6 Sand and Stone System ............................................................................... 111
11.3.7 Mechanical Repair and Comprehensive Processing System ........................ 111
11.3.8 Layout of Warehouse.................................................................................... 113
11.3.9 Temporary Dormitory and Office ................................................................... 114
11.4 Construction Transportation.......................................................................... 114

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100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

11.4.1 External Transportation ................................................................................ 114

11.4.2 Internal Transportation.................................................................................. 114
11.5 Requisition Land ........................................................................................... 115
11.6 Main Project Construction ............................................................................. 115
11.6.1 Construction Preparation .............................................................................. 116
11.6.2 Construction of Module Bracket Foundation ................................................. 118
11.6.3 Solar Module and Bracket Installation ........................................................... 120
11.6.4 Installation of Transformer ............................................................................ 121
11.6.5 Inverter Installation ....................................................................................... 122
11.6.6 Substation and Complex building Construction ............................................. 123
11.6.7 In-site Transmission and Transformation Construction ................................. 124
11.7 Overall Construction Progress ...................................................................... 125
11.7.1 Target of Construction Progress ................................................................... 125
11.7.2 Design Principles .......................................................................................... 125
11.7.3 Construction Preparation Period ................................................................... 126

12 Engineering Management Design ............................................................. 127

12.1 Engineering Management Model .................................................................. 127
12.1.1 Composition of Engineering Construction Management ............................... 127
12.1.2 Composition of Engineering Operation Management .................................... 131
12.2 Main Management Facilities ......................................................................... 132
12.2.1 Main Production Equipment Management .................................................... 132
12.2.2 Main Auxiliary Production Facilities Management ......................................... 133
12.2.3 Landscape Management within the Plant ..................................................... 133
12.2.4 Station Power and Backup Supply ................................................................ 133
12.3 Engineering Management Measures ............................................................ 133
12.3.1 Target Control............................................................................................... 133
12.3.2 Contract Management .................................................................................. 134
12.3.3 Information Management .............................................................................. 134
12.3.4 Regular Maintenance Management .............................................................. 135
12.3.5 Personnel Training Management .................................................................. 136
12.3.6 Solar Module Maintenance Management...................................................... 136
12.3.7 Solar Station Removal and Clean-up ............................................................ 137

13 Environment Protection and Soil & Water Conservation Design ............ 138
13.1 Environment Protection Design..................................................................... 138
13.1.1 Main Impact on Environment ........................................................................ 138
13.1.2 Design and analysis of environmental impact during operation period .......... 143
13.1.3 Conclusion and Suggestion of Environment Protection Design ..................... 147
13.1.4 Environment Protection Design..................................................................... 148
13.2 Design of Water and Soil Conservation ........................................................ 149
13.2.1 Types of Soil and Water Loss and Current Situation ..................................... 149
13.2.2 Prediction of Water and Solid Erosion........................................................... 149
13.2.3 Control Measures for Water and Soil Erosion ............................................... 150
13.2.4 Responsibility Scope and Control Division of Soil and Water Loss Prevention
151
13.2.5 Prevention Measures of Area Division .......................................................... 153
13.2.6 Analysis and Evaluation of Soil and Water Conservation for the Main
Engineering .................................................................................................. 157
13.2.7 Water and Soil Conservation Design ............................................................ 158
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

14 Labor Safety and Industrial Hygiene ......................................................... 159

14.1 Design Standard ........................................................................................... 159
14.1.1 National Related Laws and Regulations ....................................................... 159
14.1.2 Main Regulation、Procedure and Standard of Design .................................. 159
14.1.3 Design Principle............................................................................................ 162
14.1.4 Design Task and Purpose of the Labor Safety and Industry Hygiene ........... 162
14.2 Engineering Safety and Industry Hygiene Hazard Factor Analysis ................ 164
14.2.1 Constructing Period Hazard Factor Analysis ................................................. 164
14.2.2 Trial Operation Hazard Factor Analysis ........................................................ 165
14.3 Labor Safety and Industry Hygiene Design ................................................... 165
14.3.1 Labor Safety and Industry Hygiene Design in Construction .......................... 165
14.3.2 Labor Safety and Industrial Hygiene Design in Trial Period .......................... 167
14.4 Safety and Security Organization Setting, Personnel Allocation and Management
System ......................................................................................................... 173
14.4.1 Safety and Hygiene Management Institution and Special Facility Set ........... 173
14.4.2 Production Safety Supervision System ......................................................... 173
14.4.3 Fire-fighting, electrical disoperation preventing, altitude anti falling
management system .................................................................................... 173
14.4.4 Industrial hygiene and labor protection regulations ....................................... 175
14.4.5 Work ticket and operation ticket management system .................................. 175
14.4.6 Accident investigation, processing, statistics system .................................... 175
14.4.7 Other labor safety, industrial hygiene management system .......................... 175
14.5 The accident emergency rescue plan ........................................................... 176
14.5.1 Emergency plan goal .................................................................................... 176
14.5.2 Emergency rescue principles ........................................................................ 177
14.5.3 The requirements of the emergency plan...................................................... 178
14.5.4 Emergency plan program.............................................................................. 178
14.5.5 Emergency equipment .................................................................................. 179
14.5.6 Emergency organization responsibility .......................................................... 180
14.5.7 Emergency plan............................................................................................ 181
14.6 Labor safety and industrial health investment budget ................................... 183
14.7 Existed Problems and Suggestions .............................................................. 184

15 Energy Saving ............................................................................................. 185

15.1 Project Overview .......................................................................................... 185
15.2 Design Principles and Basis ......................................................................... 185
15.2.1 Design Principles .......................................................................................... 185
15.2.2 Design Basis................................................................................................. 186
15.3 Energy types, quantitative analysis and energy consumption indicators in
construction.................................................................................................. 188
15.4 Energy type, quantity analysis and energy consumption indicators during
operation period ........................................................................................... 189
15.5 Main energy saving measures ...................................................................... 191
15.5.1 Engineering energy saving design ................................................................ 191
15.5.2 Raw material saving measures ..................................................................... 194
15.5.3 Energy-saving measures in construction ...................................................... 195
15.5.4 Design and operation of energy-saving measures ........................................ 197
15.6 Benefit analysis of energy saving.................................................................. 198
15.7 Conclusion .................................................................................................... 198

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100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

AppA Reference A..................................................................................................... 2

A.1 Reference A.1................................................................................................... 2
A.1.1 Reference A .1.1............................................................................................... 2
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

FIGURES

Figure 1-1 Global PV installed capacity forecast .................................................................. 1

Figure 2-1 Figure of Relative Position of Zimbabwe Munyati PV Power plant Site .................. 3
Figure 3-1 Zimbabwe national solar resource maps ........................................................... 11
Figure 6-1 100MW PV power plant electrical schematic diagram ....................................... 16
Figure 6-2 Comparison of Different Solar Modules ............................................................. 19
Figure 6-3 Appearance of 250Wp Module .......................................................................... 22
Figure 6-4 I-V-P Curves of the 250Wp ............................................................................... 23
Figure 6-5 Appearance of Fixed Type Bracket ................................................................... 28
Figure 6-6 Monthly Average Solar Irradiation from NASA................................................... 31
Figure 6-7 Tilt Angle and Yearly Irradiation Yield of NASA ................................................. 32
Figure 6-8 Vertical Layout of One Array unit....................................................................... 33
Figure 6-9 Distance between an array and another ............................................................ 34
Figure 6-10 Overall layout of PV Power Plant .................................................................... 35
Figure 6-11 1MWp PV generating sub-array layout ............................................................ 36
Figure 6-12 Appearance of DC Combiner Box ................................................................... 37
Figure 6-13 Operating time requirements of solar power plants in case of abnormal power
frequency.............................................................................................................................. 40
Figure 6-14 Appearance of inside 500kW Inverter.............................................................. 44
Figure 6-15 Appearance of 1MW Containerized Room ...................................................... 44
Figure 6-16 Outlook 1 of 33kV Oil-immersed power transformers ...................................... 45
Figure 6-17 Outlook 2 of 132kVOil-immersed power transformers ..................................... 46
Figure 7-1 Normalized Productions .................................................................................... 51
Figure 7-2 Performance Ratio ............................................................................................ 52
Figure 7-3 Monthly yield of 100MWp Power Plant .............................................................. 53
Figure 7-4 Loss Diagram of 100MWp PV Power Plant ....................................................... 54
Figure 7-5 Derating curve of module .................................................................................. 57
Figure 11-1 Photo of proposed station ............................................................................. 105
Figure 11-2 The water channel nearby ............................................................................. 106
Figure 11-3 The nearby 33kV lines .................................................................................. 109
Figure 11-4 List of construction equipment power utilization ............................................ 110
Figure 11-5 Construction machinery list ......................................................................... 113
Figure 11-6 Installation workflow of module and brack ..................................................... 121

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 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

Figure 11-7 Transformer .................................................................................................. 122

Figure 11-8 The Installation of Inverter ............................................................................. 123
Figure 11-9 Progress chart for project construction .......................................................... 126
Figure 12-1 Manual cleaning picture ................................................................................ 137

TABLES

Table 2-1 Weather resources in Munyati .............................................................................. 4

Table 6-1 Comparison of Economy of Different Modules.................................................... 20
Table 6-2 Comparison of Different Polycrystalline Silicon Modules .................................... 21
Table 6-3 250Wp Module Specification .............................................................................. 23
Table 6-4 Comparison of Operation Methods ..................................................................... 25
Table 6-5 Technical Parameter .......................................................................................... 28
Table 6-6 Technical parameter of DC Combiner Box ......................................................... 37
Table 6-7 1MW Containerized Inverter Technical Parameters............................................ 42
Table 6-8 Specification of 33kV 1MVA Transformer ........................................................... 47
Table 6-9 Specification of 132kV 50MVA Transformer ....................................................... 49
Table 7-1 Monthly Solar Irradiation and average Temperature ........................................... 50
Table 7-2 Information of100MWp PV Power Plant ............................................................. 51
Table 7-3 The Loss Diagram of solar power plant .............................................................. 55
Table 7-4 Simulation Generation and PR of 100MWp during 25 years ............................... 58
Table 8-1 Rated In-house power consumption ................................................................... 66
Table 9-1 List of main building............................................................................................ 79
Table 9-2 Civil Engineering Characteristics Table .............................................................. 86
Table 9-3 Accompanying Diagram Content ........................................................................ 87
Table 10-1 Fire Resistance Rating of Building in Solar Power Plant ..................................... 92
Table 10-2 Combustion performance and fireproof limit of Building ...................................... 93
Table 10-3 Main Equipment List for Production Field ....................................................... 100
Table 12-1 Composition of construction management and responsibilities ..................... 129
Table 12-2 Composition of operation management .......................................................... 131
Table 12-3 Chart of Training Courses .............................................................................. 136
Table 13-1 Main Pollution and Emission During Project Construction and Operation Period
........................................................................................................................................... 139
Table 13-2 Reflection ration on different ground condition .............................................. 146
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

Table 13-3 Investment Estimation for Environment Protection ......................................... 148

Table 14-1 Safety color and safety sign places and types ................................................ 172
Table 14-2 Accident danger rating table ........................................................................... 181
Table 14-3 Labor safety and industrial hygiene special project investment estimate table
........................................................................................................................................... 184

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 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

1 Introduction
With the increasing depletion of global energy resource and rising continuing of
global energy prices, as well as increasing impact of the environmental
pollution of traditional fossil, various governments and enterprises continuously
strengthen the clean energy and energy-saving technology investment and
development; while solar energy as a green, renewable, huge potential of
clean energy, has become the focus of global concern, is the new driving force
for economic development.

With the rapid development of society, the demand for electricity is growing
fast, while photovoltaic power solutions is one of the important ways to
effectively ease the power supply tension; while governments tax breaks and
subsidies, declining electricity costs provides a solid foundation for the
development of photovoltaic power generation market provides. More and
more countries have begun to implement "Project Sunshine." The figure is the
forecast data of global solar capacity between 2013-2015 from IMS report.
Global solar power development is very rapid.In 2013, the new global PV
installed capacity is nearly 37GW, of which China's installed capacity is nearly
12GW, accounting for nearly 30% share.China is in the forefront in the field of
photovoltaic applications, and it also laid a solid foundation for Chinese
enterprises to move towards global photovoltaic field. From 2014 to 2015, the
global PV installed capacity will continue to maintain two-digit growth rate.

Figure 1-1 Global PV installed capacity forecast

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 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

2 Comprehensive Description
The Republic of Zimbabwe, covering an area of more than 390,000km2, is a
landlocked country located in the south east of the Africa. It is to the west of
Mozambique and borders the South Africa at the south and the Botswana and
Zambia at the west and the northwest. It boards the Mozambique at the east,
Botswana at the southwest and connects with the South Africa at the south in
some part with the Limpopo River as the border. Most part of Zimbabwe is
plateau, with an average elevation of more than 1,000m. Its terrain can be
divided into three kinds including high-level prairie, middle-level prairie and
low-level prairie.

PV power plant project is proposed to be built about 10~15km from the south
of Munyati city. Its geographic coordinates are between the east longitude
29.79°, and south latitude 18.67°. It is close to towns, and transportation is very
convenient. The supporting projects include a 132kV step-up station, a 33kV
switchgear, complex building, 100 sets of photovoltaic arrays, road works, etc.

This project consists of 100 PV power generation subsystems of 1MWp; it

adopts 250Wp polycrystalline silicon solar module assembly connected in
series of 20 pieces, and two sets of 500kW grid-connected inverter, when
matched with 500kW grid-connected inverter, there are 100 series-parallel
circuits, on the basis of which is formed a 500kWp PV power generation unit;
each 1MWp PV power generation subsystem leads to an inverter and then to
the box-type substation for power boost. Each 1MWp power generation
subsystem is equipped with one inverter chamber. Two power generation units
of 500kWp are connected to 1,000kVA box-type transformer substation to step
up to 33kV, and then connected to the new 33kV switchgear. From the 33kV
switch gear room 2 circuits of 50MWp PV power generation units are then
connected to 50,000kVA main transformer to step the voltage up to 132kV.
The construction of the project will be finished in one phases.

For this project, a line of 132kV, 10~15km in length will be set up to connect it
to a 132kV substation in thermal power plant. The above is only the primary
recommendation. The determination of grid connection point will be subject to
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

the final approval documents from the competent authority of local grid. As the
bid for invitation does not provide the accurate data for climate, geographical
position, geology and power grid, this feasibility study report will be based on
the conventional assumption in these respects, therefore, there might be some
errors between the plan and the expense budget.

Grid electricity of this project in first year is 175,445MWh, total generating

capacity is 3,988,568.4MWh in 25 years, the annual average grid electricity is
159,543MWh, the average utilization hours per year is 1,595h. Relative
position of this project site shown in Figure 2-1:

Figure 2-1 Figure of Relative Position of Zimbabwe Munyati PV Power plant

Site

The content of the feasibility study includes: solar resource analysis, geology of
the project, project task and size, overall scheme design of the system and
generation capacity calculation, electrical design, civil project, construction
method, environmental impact assessment, and energy saving and
consumption reduction analysis after the building of PV power plant, project
investment estimate and fund raising scheme, etc.

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 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

2.1 Solar Resource

1、 In accordance with the total radiation data of Munyati Metrological Station,
the average annual radiation of Munyati area in the past twenty years is
2128.1kWh/m2; the Munyati area falls in the area with rich solar resource.

Table 2-1 Weather resources in Munyati

2、The project design shall consider the impact of metrological factors on the
operation efficiency of PV power plant, such as air temperature, wind speed,
floating dust, so as to take the preventive measures.

2.2 Project Geology

1. The site is at the north border of Munyati area. The proposed site is of small
altitude variation; the soil of the site falls into the category of moderate stiff soil,
class II building site, belonging to advantageous section of earthquake
resistance. It has no active fault and is suitable for the construction of the
project.

2. Physical indicators of site soil

The gravel layer of the site stratum is evenly, continuously, compactly and
stably distributed, with good physical mechanics properties. The characteristic
value of the foundation carrying capacity fak=150kPa.

3. The site soil is slightly corrosive to concrete structure, and the rebar in
reinforced concrete structure. In accordance with relevant provisions of
international standards, corresponding anti-corrosive measures shall be taken.

4. The site has no adverse geological phenomenon like debris flow, slide
landslide and Karst.

5. The above is not based on survey and therefore is only our assumption.
There may be difference between the civil project and the physical presence.
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

2.3 Project Task and Scale

The planned capacity of Munyati PV power plant is 100MWp, supporting

projects including a new 132kV step-up station, right-side spacing expansion,
33kV switchgear, complex building, etc., The project set up a 132kV line length
of about 10~15km.Station access system solutions ultimately need to make
access system design topics and be determined after the competent
authorities of the local electricity confirmed.

2.4 Electricity

The planned capacity of PV power plant is 100MWp, and will be finished in one
phase. For this project, a line of 132kV, 10~15km in length will be set up. The
above is only the primary recommendation. The determination of grid
connection point will be subject to the final approval documents from the
competent authority of local grid.

The 100MWp PV grid-connected power generation system of the project will

adopt modular and centralized grid connection scheme. This project adopts
250Wp polycrystalline silicon solar PV module assembly connected in series in
20 pieces, and when matched with 500kW grid-connected inverter, there are
100 series-parallel circuits, on the basis of which is formed a 500kWp PV
power generation unit. One DC lightning proof combiner box will be set for
every 16 line connection points, and every 500kWp PV power generation unit
will be equipped with 7pcs DC lightning proof combiner boxes, all of which will
comprise a 500kWp PV power generation unit. Two power generation units of
500kWp are connected to 1000kVA box-type transformer substation to step up
to 33kV, and then every 10 sets of box-type transformer connected to 33kV
switchgear in the form of chain.

The PV power plant adopts only one 132kV overhead line which is of the lead
type LGJ-300, 10~15km in length.

The PV power plant is equipped with a set of computer monitoring system,

which has the remote action function and will realize the monitoring, control
and regulation of the power plant in accordance with the requirements of
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 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

dispatch and operation. The real-time date and information collected by the
station will be sent to the superior dispatch center after data processing.

2.5 Civil Engineering

There are two parts of matched construction: production and living area, and
photovoltaic array area. The 33kV switch station, complex building, arrival
roads, etc. are built in the production and living area. The photovoltaic array
area includes solar PV array, box-type substation, inverter room, cable trench,
etc. The solar PV array generates power adopting one 1MWp sub-system, and
there are 100 units. According to the site terrain, the area is arranged in a
rectangular shape, the production and living area is located at the west of the
photovoltaic array area, and the entrance and exit of the power plant is located
in the west of the management area, and is connected with the roads outside
the site. The total land occupation area of the power plant is 1, 5000, 000m2.

The complex building has one floor, and there is centralized control room,
office room, meeting room, communication room, activity room, kitchen, dining
hall, water pump room, mechanical overhauling shop, gasoline room, garage,
staff dormitory, etc.

2.6 Firefighting Design

The firefighting design follows the policy of “people oriented, prevention first,
and firefighting combined”, and is based on “self prevention and self rescue”.
During arrangement, the firefighting access is considered, so the rescue
personnel and the mechanical equipment can pass through when the fire
occurs. The process design, material and equipment selection, plane
arrangement and firefighting access are implemented in accordance with
relevant firefighting regulations. The equipment adopts the fireproof equipment
(including cables). The advanced fireproof technology and novel fireproof
material are adopted, so as to realize the purposes of safety, convenient use,
economy and reasonableness.
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

2.7 Design of Construction Organization

According to the general arrangement principle, by combining the

characteristics of terrain and geomorphic conditions and power generation
project, and fully considering the relationship of permanent and temporary
buildings, the temporary production and living facilities, such as construction
warehouses, accessory processing factories, material and equipment
warehouses, concrete mixing stations, temporary houses, etc., are arranged in
a centralized and dispersive combing method, and the land occupation area is
about 10,000m2.

The construction electricity is supplied by the adjacent 33kV lines.

Simultaneously, four 100kW diesel generators are spared in the construction
electric utilization site. The construction water should be taken from the water
well, and meanwhile, a 100m 3 permanent and temporary combined water
reservoir is built. The water reservoir can provide water source for each
construction unit in the construction period, and can be used as the firefighting
water pool in the operation period. Before the water well is drilled, the
construction unit can obtain water from the adjacent villages, for convenient
construction.

The traffic roads in the photovoltaic power plant are arranged in the combining
way of construction roads and overhauling roads.

The construction period is estimated to 14 months.

2.8 Design of Project Management

To fully utilize the human and management resources, realize the specialized,
standard, specified and modern construction management, and improve the
overall business management level and economic benefits, the construction
party is responsible for fully managing the project. In the operation period, the
whole photovoltaic power plant is uniformly managed, the staffing is minimized,
and the management efficiency is improved.

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 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

The 33KV switch station is designed in accordance with the principle of “few
people on duty”. After the electrical and mechanical equipment of the
photovoltaic power plant (including 33kV switch station) enters the stable
operation period, the 33kV switch station can be managed in accordance with
the principle of “unmanned watching, and few people duty”.

Since there is no staffing regulation of photovoltaic power plant operation

personnel, the mechanism setting and personnel setting are made according
to the characteristics, and there are four departments and 15 fixed personnel,
i.e. technical department, logistics department, finance department, and
operation maintenance department.

2.9 Environmental Protection and Water and

Soil Conservation Measures

The area of the project has fewer human activities, and has no natural
protection areas, traveling development areas and other environment sensitive
areas, and the ecological environments basically belongs to the primary state.
Some building garbage and living garbage may be generated in the building
process. Certain damage and influence on the local plants, ground surfaces
and soil layers can be caused due to treading by construction personnel and
rolling by construction machinery. Since the construction period is short, the
construction personnel are dispersive and various environment protection
measures are taken in the construction project, the influence on the local
ecological environment is minimized.

In the operation period of photovoltaic power plant, although some adverse

effects on the surrounding environments are caused, there is little or no
adverse effect on the environments after the positive and effective control
measures are taken. Therefore, in the view of environment protection, there is
no environment issue restricting the project construction.
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

2.10 Design of Labor Safety and Industrial

Sanitation

The main prevention objects of labor safety include fire, explosion, electrical
damage, mechanical damage and falling damage, and the main prevention
objects of industrial sanitation include noise, vibration, temperature, humidity,
dust, dirt, poison, corrosion, electromagnetic irradiation, lighting, illumination,
etc. After the project is built, according to the specifications and regulations,
the advanced production system is established, and the relevant costs for
safety education and training of production and operation personnel, and other
relevant costs for production safety and accident prevention are determined.
The safety and sanitation management organization must uniformly consider
the whole production and management organization and personnel
arrangement of photovoltaic power plant. After the project generates power
and is put into service, one set of complete safety and sanitation management
organization, systems and measures must be established, so as to ensure the
smooth operation of the photovoltaic power plant, and reach the safety
production.

The safety and sanitation management organization for the photovoltaic power
plant is set, and is responsible for the education, training and management of
safety and sanitation after the project is put into service. The safety personnel
of production department are determined, with one part-time personnel for the
daily labor safety and industrial sanitation works.

2.11 Energy Saving and Consumption

Reduction

The solar energy is the green clean energy source. This project belongs to the
renewable energy source development project, meets the industry policies,
simultaneously meets the social sustainable development, and is obvious in
environment benefits and social benefits. This project adopts the advanced
and feasible electricity-saving, water-saving and raw material-saving measures,
reasonably utilizes the energy sources and resources, and strictly implements
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 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

the energy-saving and environment-friendly guidance mind in design. On the

basis of technical scheme, selection of equipment and materials, building
structure and the like, the energy-saving requirement is fully considered, the
line investment is reduced, and the land resource is saved. Each
energy-saving parameter meets the requirements of the relevant national
specifications, and an environment-friendly, low-consumption and
resource-conversing type photovoltaic power generation project is built.

The installation capacity is 100MWp, and the average on-grid energy is

159,543MWh. Compared with the coal power plant with the same scale, the
standard coal can be saved by 62,222t in each year. Various types of harmful
gases and wastes can be correspondingly reduced in each year, including
about 161,777t of CO2 (greenhouse effect gas), about 1,494t SO2 (1% coal
sulphur content), about 16t of CO, about 435t of nitric oxide, about 27t of TSP,
and about 11,443t of ash and slag (15% coal ash content, and 99%
electrostatic dust removal efficiency).

3 Solar Energy Sources

3.1 Distribution status of Solar Energy

sources

Zimbabwe is rich in solar energy resources, the global irradiation is above

1600kWh/m2, the highest area is close to 2400 kWh/m2, the overall solar
energy resources were distributed from north to south, showing the northeast
to the southwest zonal distribution across the country, 80 percent of major
cities in the country are located in solar resource-rich region. The annual
irradiation is over 2000 kWh/m2 near the capital Harare, and is very suitable
for the construction of photovoltaic power plants. National solar resource
distribution in Zimbabwe shown in Figure 3-1
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

Figure 3-1 Zimbabwe national solar resource maps

3.2 Distribution Condition of Solar Energy

sources

In accordance with the total radiation data of Munyati Metrological Station, the
average annual radiation of Munyati area in the past twenty years is
2128.1kWh/m2.The Munyati area falls in the area with rich solar resource.

The project design shall consider the impact of metrological factors on the
operation efficiency of PV power plant, such as air temperature, wind speed,
floating dust, so as to take the preventive measures.

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 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

4 Project Geology

4.1 Task and Contents of Surveying

1. Find topography, structure formation, regularities of distribution of construction

site, and the physical and mechanical properties of various rock layers.

2. Find if there is any poor geological phenomenon affecting the project

stability in the building site and the surroundings, judge the type of the site
and the type of the building site, and provide the relevant parameters for
aseismic design.

3. Find the type of groundwater, burial situation, as well as corrosion.

4. Find the distribution of foundation sustaining layer and main stress layer
inner soil layers, evaluate the bearing capability and deformation
characteristic, and provide the usable bearing capability and deformation
characteristic.

5. Evaluate the suitability and stability of the site.

6. Put forward reasonable suggestions on the foundation treatment scheme

and foundation design scheme.

7. Forecast the possible rock engineering issues in the building construction

process, and put forward the applicable control measures and reasonable
construction method.
5 Task and Scale of Project

5.1 Project Task

The content of the project includes: solar resource analysis, geology of the
project, project task and scale, overall scheme design of the system and
generation capacity calculation, electrical design, civil project, construction
method, environmental impact assessment, and energy saving and
consumption reduction analysis after the building of PV power plant, project
investment estimate and fun raising scheme, financial evaluation, etc.

5.2 Current Conditions of Development of

Social Economy

Zimbabwe is rich in natural resources, and is better in industry and agriculture

foundations. The industry is 2/3 of the total yield of industry and agriculture.
The finished products of the industry are exported to the surrounding countries.
In normal years, the grains are more than self-sufficient, it becomes the third
tobacco export country throughout the world, the economy development level
is next only to South Africa in south Africa area, and the manufacturing industry,
mine industry and agriculture are the three pillars in the national economy.
The output value of private enterprises is 80% of the gross domestic product.
The natural resources are rich, such as coal, chromium, iron, asbestos, gold,
silver, lithium, niobiun, lead, zinc, uranium, copper, nickel, etc. The coal, iron,
chromium and asbestos are famous for large amount and high quality in the
world. Zimbabwe is the dream of the western colonist for crazily plundering
African wealth, and is called as “Diamond in English Crown” before
independence. The coal reserve is about 2.7 billion tons. The coal reserve is
about 25 million tons. The chromium and the asbestos are respectively high in
reserves. The water resource is poor.
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

5.3 Analysis of Restrictions of Project

Construction

5.3.1 Analysis of Reasonableness of Construction Land

To minimize the land occupation area, the PV array is arranged in a

rectangular shape. The land occupation area includes the land in the fence of
PV power plant, land of arrival roads and land of 33KV switch station, and the
total land occupation area of the power plant is 1,500,000 m2.

5.3.2 Analysis of Connecting Conditions of Grid

Munyati PV power plant project is proposed to be built about 10~15km from the
south of Munyati city. As it is not far from Munyati city, transportation is very
convenient. The supporting projects include a 132kV step-up station, 33kV
switchgear, complex building, component bracket installation and foundation,
road repairs, etc.

This project will build a 132kV line with a length of 10~15km which is
connected into the 132kV boosting station in opposite thermal power plants.
The above is only the primary recommendation. The determination of grid
connection point will be subject to the final approval documents from the
competent authority of local grid.
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

6 System overall scheme design and

yield calculation

6.1 The principle of solar PV power plant

Solar PV power plant usually divided into independent solar PV systems and
grid solar PV power systems. Grid PV power generation system is connected
to the power system, generally divided into centralized and distributed,
centralized grid power average amount is larger, usually in the hundreds of
kilowatts to megawatts magnitude, and distributed grid system capacity is
small, usually in a few kilowatts to tens of kilowatts. This project belongs to
large centralized grid PV power plant. In centralized grid PV power plant, solar
energy through solar PV modules array convert into direct current and
converted into low voltage three-phase alternating current (AC) by inverter (DC
- AC), and then through the booster transformer convert to meet the
requirements of the public power grid voltage alternating current (AC), and
direct access to the public grid.

100 MW solar PV power plant is mainly composed of solar PV array, inverter

and booster system. 100MW PV power plant electrical schematic diagram is
shown as below:

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 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

Figure 6-1 100MW PV power plant electrical schematic diagram

6.2 Selection of Solar Module

For solar module selected, first for most consideration is the industry trend,
technology maturity, operation reliability, future technology development trend
of the commercialized solar module. However the other consideration as the
natural environments, construction conditions, traffic transportation conditions
around solar station. Selection also involves the technical, economy
parameters. The solar module which suitable for the centralized large
grid-connected solar power plant is selected which will of course adhere to the
international standards.

6.2.1 Classification of Solar Module

At present, according to the raw materials, the solar modules are classified
into:

Silicon solar module: mono-crystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, and

non-crystalline silicon.

Chemical semiconductor solar module: mono-crystalline chemical cell (GaAs

cell), polycrystalline chemical cell (CIGS cell and CdTe cell), and Oxide
semiconductor cell (Cr2O3 and Fe2O3).

Organic semiconductor solar module: molecular crystalline cell, charge

transfer complex cell, and high polymer cell.
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

Thin film solar module: non-crystalline silicon thin film cell (α-Si), polycrystalline
thin film solar PV module, chemical semiconductor thin film solar PV module
and nano crystalline thin film cell.

At present, the solar cells are mostly made of crystalline silicon material, along
with the increased production capacity and investment of the crystalline silicon
cell. The solar power generation industry is abruptly developed; the yearly
solar module production has reached 40,000MWp, more and more solar power
plant being built.

6.2.2 Comparison of Technical Properties

By combining solar industry status and productivity condition of the

international solar module market, the technical properties of main solar
modules are compared, i.e. crystalline silicon cell and non-crystalline silicon
thin film cell.

1. Crystalline silicon solar module

The mono-crystalline silicon solar module is earliest developed, has

higher efficiency in the large-scaled production of silicon-based solar
module, the conversion efficiency of the commercial cell in the scaled
production is 17% to 19%, and it once occupies the most market shares
for a long time. The conversion efficiency of the polycrystalline silicon
module in scaled production is 16% to 18%, and is slightly lower than that
of the mono-crystalline silicon module. Compared with the
mono-crystalline silicon module, although the efficiency of the
polycrystalline silicon module is reduced, the production cost is also
reduced, the energy source is saved, the silicon raw material is saved, the
technology cost and the efficiency are easily balanced. So the
polycrystalline silicon module becomes the solar module with higher yield
and higher market occupation rate.

The crystalline silicon solar module is the solar device with leading role in
the 21st century, and is continuously developed to the goal of higher
efficiency and lower cost.

2. Non-crystalline silicon thin film cell (α-Si)

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 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

The thin film solar module is formed by depositing several micrometers or

several dozens of micrometers of semiconductor films on the glass,
stainless steel, plastic and ceramic substrates or the thin films. Since the
semiconductor layer is thinner, the cell material can be greatly saved, the
production cost is reduced, and it is the novel solar PV module with most
prospects, and becomes the key project and hotspot subject in the
research and development of world solar technology.

The non-crystalline silicon thin film cell has the most shares in the market.
There are the following characteristics:

i. The usage amount of material is less, the manufacturing technology

is simple, the continuous, large-area, automatic and batched
production is realized, and the manufacturing cost is low.

ii. The consumed power in the manufacturing process is little, and the
energy compensation time is short.

iii. The type of the substrate is selectable.

iv. The weak light effect is good, the temperature coefficient is low, and
the power generation amount is much.

The scaled production of CdTe and CIGS cells in the thin film solar
modules is limited due to the hypertoxicity of raw material or lacking of
raw material, so they are still in investigation.

Aiming at reaching the goals of improving photoelectric conversion

efficiency and reducing production cost, each country is developing and
investigating various types of solar modules. At present, the crystalline
silicon solar module and the thin film solar module are the two hotspots
and key spots in the research and development of global novel solar
modules. The main properties of the commercialized mono-crystalline
solar module, polycrystalline silicon solar module, non-crystalline silicon
solar module, CdTe solar module and CIGS solar module are as shown
below.
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

Figure 6-2 Comparison of Different Solar Modules

Crystalline silicon type Thin film Type

Copper
Categories Mono-crystalline Polycrystalline Non-crystalline Cadmium
indium
Silicon Silicon Silicon Telluride
dieseline

Commercial 12% -
16% - 17% 15% - 16% 8% - 10% 13% - 16%
Efficiency 15.5%

Laboratory
25% 20.4% 12.8% 20.4% 20.8%
Efficiency

Working Life 25 years 25 years 25 years 25 years 25 years

Thickness of
Thickness of Thickness of
Assembly Lamella Lamella Lamella
frame frame
Layer

Scale of
Formed Formed Formed Formed Feasible
Production

Neutral,
Environmental Yes (using except
Neutral Neutral Neutral
Issue cadmium) Using
Cadmium

Energy
Compensation 2~3 years 2~3 years 1~2 years 1~2 years 1~2 years
Time

Cadmium
and Indium is
Major Material
Medium Medium Abundant telluride expensive
Source
are rare rare metal
metals

Manufacturing
Medium Medium Low Low Low
Cost

Good
High Good
High Efficiency Good Weak Weak Light
Key Efficiency Weak Light
Matured Light Effect Effect
Advantages Matured Effect
Technology Low Cost Lower
Technology Low Cost
Cost

According to above Table, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the

mono-crystalline silicon cell is slightly higher than that of the polycrystalline
silicon cell, i.e. for the cell assembly with same power, and the area of the

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 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

mono-crystalline silicon cell is smaller than that of the polycrystalline silicon cell.
The difference between the electric performances, service lives, etc. of the two
types of cell assemblies is little. If only the technical property is taken into
consideration, in the practical application process, both mono-crystalline solar
module and polycrystalline silicon solar module can be selected. Since the
crystalline silicon cell has the characteristics of sufficient productivity, matured
manufacturing technology, stable product performance, long service life, and
higher photoelectric conversion efficiency, the crystalline silicon cell is widely
applied to the grid-connected photoelectric power plant project.

The Amorphous Silicon cell has lower efficiency, large land occupation area
and instability. Along with the development of technology and market, since the
manufacturing technology is relatively simple, the high-temperature process is
not required and the performance is higher than that of the crystalline silicon
cell under the weak light condition, and the Amorphous Silicon silicon cell
occupies certain shares at market.

6.2.3 Comparison of Economy

Along with the technology advancing of solar industry and market development,
the competitiveness among the module manufacturers is increased, and the
market price is reduced. Taking 10MWp capacity of China using fixed
installation type as example, the price of the polycrystalline silicon module is
USD0.95/Wp, the price of the Amorphous Silicon module is USD0.89/Wp. The
primary comparison of the direct costs of these two type solar modules is as
shown.

Table 6-1 Comparison of Economy of Different Modules

Polycrystalline Amorphous
Items
Silicon Module Silicon Module
Array area (unit:10,000 m2) 15 23

10MWp Modules(unit: million USD) 9.5 8.9

Other equipment (unit: million USD) 10.9 12

Civil work (unit: million USD) 2.6 3.7

Design/Management(unit: million USD) 1 1

 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

Sum (unit: million USD) 24 25.6

Note: 1) The land cost is based on free allocation. 2) The data in the table is
only primarily calculated in China market.

According to above table, the polycrystalline silicon module economic benefit is

slight higher than that of Amorphous Silicon module.

6.2.4 Rated Power Selection of Solar Module

The polycrystalline silicon module has multiple power item, they’re from 5Wp to
300Wp. Since the installation capacity of this project is 10MWp, the land
occupation area is wide and installation amount is high. So the module with
larger power is adopted, in order to reduce the land occupation and installation
amount.

Here we take 175Wp, 250Wp and 290Wp models of one manufacture for
example. The comparison of three polycrystalline silicon module is as shown in
below Table. The comparison of different polycrystalline silicon module is as
shown below.

Table 6-2 Comparison of Different Polycrystalline Silicon Modules

Rated Power Item 175Wp 250Wp 290Wp

Module Efficiency [%] 14.5 15.4 14.9

Market Application little highest higher

Number of Each String (pcs) 26 22 17

String of 1MWp System (string) 220 182 204

Number of 1MWp System (pcs) 5720 4004 3468

Number of 10MWp System (pcs) 57200 40040 34680

Totally Installation Capacity(MWp) 10.01 10.01 10.06

From above table, it’s required less quantity of 250Wp and 290Wp assemblies
comparing with 175Wp module. It means that the number of connecting points
is less, the construction schedule is fast, the fault rate is reduced, the contact
resistance is little, the usage amount of cables is less, and the integral loss of
the system is relatively reduced.

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 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

The polycrystalline silicon modules produced by main manufacturers

worldwide for large grid-connected solar power plant, is usually 250Wp to
300Wp now. But 250Wp module has preferable efficiency and get higher
market share. In addition, the unit price of 250Wp is a bit lower than 290Wp.

By comprehensively considering module efficiency, market occupation rate,

construction work amount, manufacturer supply capability, etc. It’s
recommended to adopt the 250Wp polycrystalline silicon module.

250Wp polycrystalline silicon module is 25-year transferrable power output

warranty: 5 years/95%, 12 years/90%, 18 years/85%, 25 years/80%.

10-year material and workmanship warranty.

Module certified to withstand extreme wind (3800 Pascal) and snow loads
(5400 Pascal) .Compatibility to different inverter designs.

The appearance of 250Wp module is shown at below figure.

Figure 6-3 Appearance of 250Wp Module

The I-V-P Curves and specifications of the 250Wp polycrystalline silicon

module at STC are shown as follows.
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

Figure 6-4 I-V-P Curves of the 250Wp

Table 6-3 250Wp Module Specification

Item Description
Maximum rated power (Pmax) at
250Wp
STC
Rated power tolerance 0/+5%
Maximum operating voltage (Vmp) 30.7VDC
Maximum operating current (Imp) 8.15 A
Electrical
Open circuit voltage (Voc) 37.4VDC
characteristics
Short circuit current (Isc) 8.63A
Maximum system voltage 1000Vdc
Conversion efficiency 15.4%
Minimum efficiency at 200 W/m² 95.5% or higher of STC
(25°, AM 1.5) efficiency
Power temperature coefficient
-0.44%/oC
Tc-Pm
Temperature Current temperature coefficient
+0.055%/oC
characteristics Tc-Isc
Voltage temperature coefficient
-0.33%/oC
Tc-Voc
Solar Cell Polycrystalline silicon
Mechanical Cell dimensions (L × W) 156 × 156mm
characteristics Number of cells 60 (6 ×10)
Module dimensions (L × W × D) mm 1640×992×35

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 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

Module weight 18.2kgs

Connector type MC4
Cable length 4.0 mm2, 2*1000mm
Anodized aluminum
Frame
alloy
IP67 rated (3 bypass
Combiner Box
diodes)
Ambient
Operating temperature -40oC ~ +85oC
characteristics
Certification TUV,UL
5 years/95%,
12 years/90%,
Performance warrants
18 years/85%,
25 years/80%
withstand extreme wind
Tolerance of wind + snow (3800 Pascal) and snow
loads (5400 Pascal)

6.3 Selection of Solar Module Mounting

6.3.1 Selection of Operation Methods

6.3.1.1 Classification of operation Methods

When the solar power plant is designed, the operation method of solar array
has larger influence on the received radiation amount. The operation methods
of solar array include fixed installation type and automatic tracing types. The
automatic tracing types include the single-axis tracing system and the
double-axis tracing system. The single-axis tracing (horizontal single-axis
tracing and inclined single-axis tracing) system traces the sun track from east
to west at the fixed inclining angle, and the double-axis tracing (full tracing)
system changes the azimuth and tilt angle along with the change of seasonal
position of sun track.
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

6.3.1.2 Comparison of Operation Methods

For the automatic tracing type system, the inclining surface can furthest
receive the sun radiation amount, so as to increase the power generation
amount. According to the primary calculation, if the horizontal single-axis
tracing type is adopted, the theoretical power generation amount is improved
by 15% to 20% (under the ideal condition that the tracing system is free from
shielding from sunrise to sunset). If the inclined single-axis tracing method is
adopted, the theoretical power generation amount is improved by 25% to 30%.
If the double-axis tracing method is adopted, the theoretical power generation
amount is improved by 30% to 35%. While the practical working efficiency of
the system is smaller than the theoretical value, because of many reasons,
such as mutual projection shade of the solar modules, difficult synchronizing of
tracing brackets, etc. The investment of the double-axis tracing method is
greatly higher than the single-axis system, and the land occupation area is
relatively higher.

According to the investigation data of this project, the crystalline silicon

modules are installed. If the horizontal single-axis tracing method is adopted,
the practical power generation amount is improved by about 15%. If the
inclined single-axis tracing method is adopted, the practical power generation
amount is improved by about 20%. Under the condition, the fixed installation
type is used as standard, the 1MWp solar array adopts the three operation
methods, and the comparison results are as shown below.

Table 6-4 Comparison of Operation Methods

Fixed Horizontal Inclined Double-axis

Items
Installation Single-Axis Single-axis Tracing
Increase of power
100 115 120 125
generation (%)

Land occupation
1.6 2.1 3.2 3.3
area (unit:10000m2)

Increase of direct
100 111 114 122
investment (%)

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 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

Rotary Rotary Rotary

Operation
Quantity of work mechanism, and mechanism, and mechanism, and
maintenance
high workload high workload higher workload

Single-point or
Multi-point Multi-point Multi-point
Point of support Multi-point
support support support
support

Level the plate Level the plate Level the plate

Fixed windward
surface during surface during surface during
Gale resistance area, and poor
high wind, and high wind, and high wind, and
capacity anti-wind
good anti-wind good anti-wind good anti-wind
performance
performance performance performance

From the data in the table, the fixed type and the automatic tracing type
respectively are different in that the fixed type has lower investment, the
bracket system is basically free from maintenance, and the land occupation
area is relatively less; while, the automatic tracing type has higher investment
and requires certain maintenance, the power generation amount is greatly
improved in comparison with the fixed type with optimum tilt angle, and the
electricity cost of the station power plant adopting the automatic tracing type is
reduced if the added cost of the post maintenance operation is not considered.
If the bracket manufacturing cost of the automatic tracing type is further
reduced, the advantage of increased power generation amount is more
obvious. Meanwhile, if the array synchronizing is well solved and the
maintenance workload is reduced, the automatic tracing type is more
competitive than the fixed installation type.

6.3.1.3 Determination of Operation Method

By primarily comparing the fixed type and the automatic tracing type, the scale
of the project is larger, the fixed type has lower investment, the bracket system
is basically free from maintenance, and the land occupation area is relatively
less; while, although the automatic tracing type increases certain power
generation amount, the primary investment is relatively higher, the certain
maintenance is required in the post operation process, and the operation cost
is relatively higher. In addition, the requirement on the electromechanical
control and mechanical transmission components is higher, the automatic
tracing type lacks the reliability verification of the practical application in the site
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

area or the similar special climate environment. the manufacturer of tracing

system with reliable and stable matured technology is relatively little. Therefore,
it’s recommended to adopt the fixed type operation method.

6.3.2 Fixed Mounting Information

6.3.2.1 Introduction

Mounting system is applicable for the PV array system on the open fields. The
steadiness and safety of this system is compliable with the structural
mechanics and construction acts.

For different foundation solutions, such as concrete with pre-buried bolt, direct
buried and ground screw, the system can be modified to install. Material used
include hot galvanized steel and anodized aluminum alloy, with great
anti-corrosive suitable for outdoor using.

As per practical requirements, the system is able to be planned and

customized in the factory to avoid welding and cut on the spot, saving time and
cost.

6.3.3 Fixed Type Brackets

For this project, we will adopt fixed type bracket.

6.3.3.1 Features

 Easy Installation

Planning and machining in the factory saving time and cost.

 Steady and Safety

Design and check the structure according to the structural mechanics

and construction acts.

 Excellent Duration

For Outdoor using, all the material selected with high class

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 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

anti-corrosion protection.

 Great Flexibility

The Ground Array can be planned from kilo-watt to megawatt.

6.3.3.2 Technical Specification

Table 6-5 Technical Parameter

Item Detail
Install Site Open Field

Max Wind Speed up to 35m/s

Standards AS/NZS 1170 & DIN 1055 & Other

Aluminum alloy & Galvanized Steel; compatible with module frame

Main Material
material

Color Natural

Anti-corrosive Anodized & Galvanized

Warranty 10 years warranty

Duration More than 25 years

Anti theft protection Yes

Figure 6-5 Appearance of Fixed Type Bracket

 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

6.3.4 Wind load calculation of solar PV bracket

According to the Zimbabwe meteorological data，loacl maximum wind speed is

no more than 40 m/s..

1. The calculation of basic wind pressure W0

W 0=V02/1600=40X40/1600=1KN/M2

2. The calculation of wind pressure calculation

W k= W 0βzμzμs

W 0:1 KN/M2

βz: Wind vibration coefficient at height of Z， Z＜5M，βz=1

μz:Coefficient of wind pressure change at height of Z， Z＜5M， Power

plant site is located in the township area of sparse (class B landform)，thereof
μz=1

μs:Coefficient of wind load shape change, Suitable for shed shape

coefficient calculation。

According to the regulation of shape coefficient,we choose tilt Angle 21 °，

according to the principle of interpolation method:

μs1=-1.355

μs2=-0.555

μs3=1.355

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 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

μs4=0.555

Forμs1 corresponding Wk1 wind pressure calculation = 1.355 KN/M2 (lift)

Forμs2 corresponding Wk2 wind pressure calculation = 0.555 KN/M2 (lift)

Forμs3 corresponding Wk3 wind pressure calculation = 1.355 KN/M2 (down)

Forμs3 corresponding Wk4 wind pressure calculation = 0.555 KN/M2 (down)

6.4 Solar Module Array Design

6.4.1 Design of Array Tilt Angle

The installation tilt angle of solar array has higher influence on the solar power
generation. When the tilt angle of fixed module is optimum, the annual
electricity generation amount is maximized. It is shown the horizontal
irradiation of this region in one year from NASA.
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

Figure 6-6 Monthly Average Solar Irradiation from NASA

Monthly Average Solar Irradiation(kWh/m2)

250

200

150

100

50

0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

While there is tilt angle, the absorbed solar energy is better. The calculation is
below:

R b = S × [sin(A + B) / sin A] + D

Rb ----absorbed solar energy in a tilt angle

S ----irradiation in horizontal plane

A ----sun elevation angle in noon time

B ----tilt angle of a array

D -----scattering radiation

Herein give tilt angle and yearly irradiation yield of above three solar radiation
data via PVsyst calculating, detail see following figures.

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 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

Figure 6-7 Tilt Angle and Yearly Irradiation Yield of NASA

From above Figure, 21o tilt angle has the maximum irradiation on the pane, so
we choose the 21o tilt angle for the preliminary analysis. The average
irradiation is correspondingly 2287.5kWh/m2/annual.

6.4.2 String Quantity of Solar Module

The number of series-connected solar module shall be determined by the

maximum input voltage, the minimum working voltage, and the maximum
voltage allowed by solar modules. The number of parallel-connected solar
module shall be determined by the rated capacity of the inverter.

The formula of series quantity of one solar string as follows:

Vdcmax
S=
Voc × [1 + (t − 25) × K v ]

Voc——open circuit voltage of solar module (V)

t——Min operating temp. of solar module(℃)，default -10℃

Kv ——temp. coefficient of open circuit voltage of solar module

S ——series quantity of one solar array

Vdc max ——max DC input voltage of inverter (V)

 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

For this solar station, it uses 1MW containerized inverter, the maximum input
DC voltage of inverter is 1000Vdc, the open circuit voltage of 250W module is
37.4Vdc, so max module quantities in series
=1000/37.4/[1+(-10-25)*(-0.32%)]=24.

Considering the MPP Voltage tracking range 500~850V and industry

convention, we choose 20 modules for each string for higher efficiency.

Thus, the rated power capacity of each module series is 250Wp*20=5000Wp.

As for the calculation of the rated power of each inside 500kW inverter, 100
parallel ways are selected. The actual parallel ways of module series should
take the inverter efficiency and system loss into consideration, and should be
determined by the specific array arrangement. In this way, 1MWp array needs
200 ways of solar module series with 4000 solar modules. And 100MWp power
plant needs 400,,000 solar modules in total.

Solar modules are arranged in multiple forms in one unit, but in order to
simplify the wiring, reduce cable quantity and lower the construction complexity,
250Wp module arrangement is analyzed on the basis of project calculation.
Vertical layout in one line and one row as follows.

Figure 6-8 Vertical Layout of One Array unit

For above layout, an array includes two stings with 40pcs 250Wp solar
modules, its length is 20.2m, width is 3.1m.

6.4.3 Solar Array Distance

Solar module arrays must be considered the shadow shading problems of front
and back rows, and calculated and determined the distance between arrays or
the distance between solar module arrays and buildings. In order to avoid the
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 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

power loss, considering the winter solstice day as early as 9:00 to 15:00 solar
module should not have shelter, the calculation formula is as follows:

D=cosβ×L，L=H/tanα，α=arcsin(sinφsinδ+cosφcosδcosω)，That is equal to:

D=cosβ×H/tan[arcsin(0.648cosφ-0.399sinφ)]

Solar elevation angle formula：sinα=sinφsinδ+cosφcosδcosω

Solar azimuth formula：sinβ=cosδsinω/cosα

Components after 21°tilt，In order to avoid the shadow block, calculated the
distance is 1420mm between the front and rear row of the array in the
installation, so we suggest the distance is 1450mm, and the array pitch is
4550mm.

Figure 6-9 Distance between an array and another

6.5 PV Power Plant overall layout

6.5.1 Preliminary Outline of PV Power Plant

About 450 acres lands will be provided for this 100MWp PV power plant project.
In our proposal, 420 acres area is needed, and the plant includes PV arrays,
Inverters, Transformers, 33kV distribution room, 132kV step-up station,
complex building, access road, fence and gates.

PV arrays are divided into twenty 1MWp sub-array, and each sub-array’s
layout is similar. 1MW Inverter and Transformer will be installed on the north or
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

south side of sub-array in order to decrease the cable loss and shading loss. A
preliminary outline scheme of this project is as below.

Figure 6-10 Overall layout of PV Power Plant

The 100MWp PV array is composed of twenty 1MWp PV sub-arrays, and each

sub-array will be constructed individually. Commission and power generating
will benefit from this implement strategy because the completed sub-array can
be commissioned and start to generating while other sub-arrays are under
construction. The PV sub-array layout can refer to below figure.

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 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

Figure 6-11 1MWp PV generating sub-array layout

6.6 Selection of DC Combiner Box

For a large-scale grid-connected solar system, it is installed a DC combining

device in between the solar modules and inverters minimizing the cable
distance between them, facilitating maintenance and improving reliability. With
many years design experience, our Combiner Box series is specially-designed
for meeting the requirements of high performance and high reliability of solar
systems. By using Combiner Box, according to the input voltage of the inverter,
it can connect a fixed number of similar solar modules to form solar sub-array.
Then, different strings of solar sub-array can be converged into the solar array.
After that, together with lightning arresters and circuit breakers, it is connected
to the inverter to reduce the system installation time and increased the system
safety.

500KW solar power generation unit consists of 2000pcs 250Wp modules,

including 100 strings (20pcs modules/string). Each 100 strings modules are
requires 7 sets combiner box, 100MWp power plant requires 1400 sets
combiner box.
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

DC Combiner Box has below features:

i. Provide 4/6/8/12/16 string series product

ii. Equipped with PV dedicated arrestor

iii. With function of arrestor failure alarm

iv. Adopt various communication modules: RS485, wireless

v. Adopt PV dedicated DC high-voltage breaker, fuse and arrestor

vi. Designed for IP65 outdoor, with outdoor dedicated paint

vii. Monitoring power can select external power supply (DC24V/AC220V)

or PV plate power supply

viii. Anti-reverse diode can be equipped (optional)

Figure 6-12 Appearance of DC Combiner Box

Table 6-6 Technical parameter of DC Combiner Box

Items Parameters
PV array input voltage <1000

PV array input string No. 4-8 10-16

Max. current of each string (A) 10

Protection grade IP65(Better than IP54)

Elevation <2000

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 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

Environment temperature(°C) -25~+55

Storage temperature (°C) -40~+70

Relatively humidity <95%

Communication way RS485, Wireless(Optional)

Dimension (width x height x depth) 470×500×200 650×500×200

6.7 Selection of Inverter

6.7.1 Technical Parameters of Inverter

It is used as one of critical equipment for converting direct current into

alternating current in the solar power generation system, which is important in
the conversion efficiency and reliability of the power generation system.
According to the requirements of Technical Rule for solar Power plant
Connected to Power Grid and other specifications, the following technical
indexes are mainly considered in type selection:

a. Large capacity of single unit

The large and medium grid-connected solar power plant project generally
selects the large-capacity centralized grid-connected inverter. The output
power of the large-capacity centralized grid-connected inverter at the present
market is 100kW to 500kW. The larger the capacity of the inverter of the single
unit is, the lower the unit manufacturing cost is, and the higher the conversion
efficiency is. The capacity of the system in the project is 10MWp. By
considering the primary investment, project operation and maintenance, if the
single unit with small capacity is selected, the number of inverters is more, the
primary investment is relatively higher, the system loss is larger, and the post
maintenance workload is higher. In the large and medium grid-connected solar
power plant project, it’s necessary to select the grid-connected inverter with
large capacity as much as possible, so as to certainly reduce the investment,
and improve the system reliability. While, the capacity of the inverters of the
single unit is overlarge, and the power output of the power generation system is
severely affected when the inverter fails. Therefore, when the type is practically
selected, the comprehensive consideration should be made.
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

b. High conversion efficiency

The higher the conversion efficiency of the inverter is, the higher the
conversion efficiency of the solar power generation system is, the smaller the
loss of the total power generation amount is, and the higher the economy of the
system is. When the rated capacity of the single unit is the same, the inverter
with higher efficiency should be selected. When the large-capacity inverter is in
the rated load, the efficiency should not be less than 95%. When the rated load
is 10%, the conversion efficiency more than 90% should be ensured for
large-power inverter. The conversion efficiency of the inverter includes
maximum efficiency and European efficiency, wherein the European efficiency
is the weighting for the efficiencies of different power points, and can reflect the
comprehensive efficiency property of the inverter. The output power of the PV
system changes along with the sunlight intensity, so the inverter with higher
European efficiency should be selected.

c. Wide DC input voltage range

The terminal voltage of solar PV module module varies with the sunlight
intensity and environment temperature, and the ID input voltage range of the
inverter is broad, so the generated energy during the shorter time before
sunrise and after sunset with weak sunshine solar irradiation can be used to
extend the time of power generation and increase the generated energy. If
under the sunset glow with smaller solar irradiance, the working voltage of
solar PV module module is lower while its temperature is higher, so if the DC
input voltage range is lower, it can increase power generation during this
period.

d. Maximum power point tracking

The output power of solar PV module modules varies from time to time, so the
resistance of the inverter at input terminal can adjust to the actual operating
characteristics of solar generation system, accurately track the maximum
power point, and ensure the efficient operation of solar generation system.

Output current has a low harmonic content and high power factor.

After the solar station is connected to the power grid, the harmonic voltage and
total harmonic current component shall meet the provisions of Power Quality
Utility Grid Harmonics, and harmonics in solar power plant is mainly from the

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 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

inverter, so filtering measures must be taken to make the output current meet
the requirements of connection to the grid. It is required that the harmonic
content is lower than 3%, and the power factor of the inverter nears 1.

e. It has the LV endurance capacity

Technical Rules for Solar Power plant Connected to Power Grid provides that
the large and medium solar power plants must tolerate with the voltage
abnormality to some degree, and avoid that separation in case of abnormal
voltage in grid causes the loss of grid power. Thus, the on-grid inverter must
have LV endurance capacity, and it is required as follows:

Solar power plant must maintain the on-grid system operation for 1s when the
voltage in point of interconnection drops to the nominal voltage of 20%.

The voltage in point of interconnection of solar power plant can return to 90%
of nominal voltage within 3 seconds after voltage drop, and the PV power plant
can maintain the on-grid system operation.

When the voltage in point of interconnection of solar power plant is not lower
than 90% of the rated voltage, the solar power plant must maintain the on-grid
system operation uninterruptedly.

f. The inverter can work within the range of 47-50.5HZ.

Relevant technologies of solar power plant connected to the grid requires that
large and medium solar power plant must own the ability to tolerate the
abnormal system frequency, and the response characteristics in case of
abnormal inverter frequency can ensure that the solar power plant continue
operate in case of the grid frequency deviation as shown below.

Figure 6-13 Operating time requirements of solar power plants in case of

abnormal power frequency

Frequency
Operating Requirement
Range
Less Than 48Hz Depending on Grid Requirements

48 - 49.5Hz When it is lower than 49.5Hz, it can operate for at least 10min.

49.5 - 50.2Hz Continuous Operation

 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

The energy storage station shall be able to run 2 minutes continuously if the
frequency is higher than 50.2HZ each time, and also shall be able to stop
50.2 - 50.5Hz sending power to the grid within 0.2s with the actual operation time
determined by the grid dispatching institution; at this time, the grid energy
storage station in outage is not allowed to be in the grid.

Within 0.2s it can stop power supply to grid lines and forbid PV power plant
Above 50.5Hz
during shutdown from connecting to grid.

g. Reliability and recoverability

The inverter has certain anti-interference ability, environment adaptability,

instantaneous overload ability, so in case of overvoltage the solar power
generation system can run normally; under overload, the inverter need to
adjust the operating point towards the open-circuit voltage in solar module
characteristic curve and limit the input voltage within the given range; in case of
failures, the inverter must automatically disconnect the main power grid.

In case of disturbance, the inverter cannot allow connection to grid before the
grid voltage and frequency return to normal, and after the system voltage
frequency returns to normal, the inverter need a adjustable delay time before
reconnection to grid.

h. Protection Function

Based on the demand of power grid for solar power plant operation mode, the
inverter must have AC overvoltage and under voltage protection, over
frequency and under frequency protection, anti-islanding protection, short
circuit protection, AC and DC over current protection, overload protection,
reverse power protection, HT protection, etc.

i. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)

The inverter should have multiple communication interfaces to collect data and
transmit it to the Control Room, and its controller should have the analog input
port connected to the external sensor to measure sunshine and temperature,
which is convenient for data treatment and analysis in power plant.

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 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

6.7.2 Selection of Inverter Item

In this project, we will take 1MW containerized inverter; it includes two above
SPI1500K-B 500kW inverters, two 500kW DC distribution cabinets, one
container and some accessories. This 1MW containerized inverter includes
following features:

i. Adopts DSP+FPGA control framework and optical fiber transmission,

which makes the system safe and reliable

ii. Adopts MPPT to control and track the maximum output power of PV
battery panels timely

iii. Sine wave output, automatically synchronize with grid, tiny current
harmonic, pollution-free and shock-free to the grid

iv. Adopt the disturbance detection technology; realize the

anti-islanding operation protection

v. Perfect protection and high reliability

vi. Equipped with big colorful screen, support Chinese and English
display setting, and touch operation

vii. Communicate with computer by RS485, monitor and control the

operation status

viii. The transition efficiency can be 98.6% at most

ix. Accept the dispatch of active power and reactive power for the grid

x. Prevent the reverse current control (optional)

xi. Adopt film filtering capacitor, long lifetime operation

The 1MW containerized inverter technical parameters are shown below.

Table 6-7 1MW Containerized Inverter Technical Parameters

Parameters SPI1000K-B

Input Max. DC input power (kW) 1100

 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

Max. DC input voltage (VDC) 1000

Max. DC input current (A) 2400

MPPT voltage (V) 500~850

Rated AC output power (kW) 1000

Rated AC voltage (three phase) (V) 315

Output Rated AC frequency (Hz) 50/60

Total harmonic distortion（THD） <3%

Power factor >0.99 (adjustment range :-0.9~+0.9)

Max. efficiency >98.6%

Efficiency
Europe efficiency >98.3%

Protection grade IP54

Environment temperature -25°C ~+55°C (>45°C derating)

Environment humidity 0~95%, no condensation

DC input over-voltage/ under-voltage

protection, over-temperature
Protection
protection, output over-voltage
Others
protection, island failure protection

Reference dimension (Width x Depth x

3029×2438×2896
Height) (mm)

Reference weight 6.5T

Communication port RS485

Certificate CE,TUV(IEC62109-1/-2)

The 1MW containerized room and insides 500kW inverter appearance are
shown in following.

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 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

Figure 6-14 Appearance of inside 500kW Inverter

Figure 6-15 Appearance of 1MW Containerized Room

 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

6.8 Selection of Power Transformer

6.8.1 Power Voltage Transformer

For large transformers used in power distribution or electrical substations, the

core and coils of the transformer are immersed in oil which cools and insulates.
Oil circulates through ducts in the coil and around the coil and core assembly,
moved by convection. The oil is cooled by the outside of the tank in small
ratings, and in larger ratings an air-cooled radiator is used. Where a higher
rating is required, or where the transformer is used in a building or
underground, oil pumps are used to circulate the oil and an oil-to-water heat
exchanger may also be used.

Oil-immersed transformer has the advantage of high voltage level, wide range
using, the disadvantage is oil leaking, and causing environment pollution.

The appearance is shown in following figures.

Figure 6-16 Outlook 1 of 33kV Oil-immersed power transformers

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 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

Figure 6-17 Outlook 2 of 132kVOil-immersed power transformers

6.8.2 Technical Advantage

Oil-immersed type transformer features low noise, low loss, rational structure,
high quality material, scientific design, strict production technology and
advanced test method. The product also has the following additional
advantages:

1. High mechanic strength, great anti-short circuit capability, excellent

anti-lightning impulse capability and high reliability.

2. Excellent overload capability.

3. Low loss, energy-saving, economic and maintenance free.

4. Nice appearance, small size, less installation space occupation and low
engineering cost.

5. Each performance index and technical specification excels that specified in

international IEC and industrial standards.

6. Hermetically sealed corrugated tank structure is adopted, thus to

effectively prevent air corrosion to the oil and prolong service lifetime of the
transformer.
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

Core:

The core is manufactured with high quality cold rolled grain-oriented silicon
steel of high magnetic conductivity, and 45° mitering and steps overlapping
structure is used for core production, thus to effectively reduce no-load loss
and no-load current.

HV winding:

HV winding is manufactured with high quality copper conductor, adopting

optimized structure to improve electric distribution. Lightning impulse wave
process is carried out for calculation and analysis, thus to improve
transformer's anti-lightning impulse capability.

LV winding:

LV winding is manufactured with high quality foil conductor, so the ampere-turn

balance is excellent and the transverse magnetic flux leakage is low. The
anti-short circuit capability is thus greatly improved. Oil conduit is rationally
designed in the windings to increase winding's heat dispersion surface,
effectively reduce temperature and improve transformer's overload capability.

Insulation Structure:

The transformer adopts class-A insulation. The HV and LV windings are

arranged in concentric way. Between the windings are oil-clapboard insulation
structure built with paper cylinder and small oil conduit.

Tank:

The tank is jointed with high-quality steel. Rust-removing and phosphorization

processes are carried out for the tank surface, then the surface is coated with
FVC anti- erosion paint, thus to effectively prevent grease pollution and
chemical erosion. The appearance is nice and harmonic with the environment.
The whole structure is easy for installation and maintenance. It can be widely
applied in outdoor environment and under harsh conditions.

Table 6-8 Specification of 33kV 1MVA Transformer

Applicable standard &

General data IEC 60076
tolerances

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 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

Service area Outdoor

Altitude: 1100m max. Above sea level

Service condition
Max. Ambient Temperature: 40 °C

Insulating Oil IEC 60296

Rated power (kVA) 500,500 (1000)

Rated Frequency (Hz) 50

Phases (Ǿ) 3

HV winding
33000
(V)
Rated voltage
Ratings LV winding
315 , 315
(V)

Tapping range of HV side (%) 0, ±2.5, ±5

Tap changing method Off Circuit Tap changer

Connection symbol Dyn11yn11

Cooling method ONAN

HV: LI170AC 75
Insulation level
LV1~LV2:AC3-3kV

Top Oil 55
Temperature
Winding
Characteristics Rise (k) 60
Average

No-load loss (W) 1150

Load loss (W) 11480

Impedance Voltage (%) 5

Oil (Kg) 1100

Masses
Total (Kg) 7800

Earthing terminal

Oil Filling Hole and Plug

Oil drain valve

Lifting Lugs

Accessories Oil level gauge

Rating plate

Dial type thermometer

Pressure Relief Valve

Pad Mounted Transformer

 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

Hermetically Sealed Type

Table 6-9 Specification of 132kV 50MVA Transformer

Applicable standard &

IEC 60076
tolerances

Service area Outdoor

General data
Altitude: 1100m max. Above sea level
Service condition
Max. Ambient Temperature: 40 °C

Insulating Oil IEC 60296

Rated power (kVA) 50000

Rated Frequency (Hz) 50

Phases (Ǿ) 3

HV winding
132000
(V)
Rated voltage
Ratings LV winding
33000
(V)

Tapping range of HV side (%) ±10%(±8*1.25%)

Tap changing method Off Circuit Tap changer

Connection symbol Ydn11

Cooling method ONAN/ONAF

132kV line terminal: LI650AC275;

Insulation level
33kV neutral terminal: LI170AC70;

Top Oil 55
Temperature
Winding
Characteristics Rise (K) 60
Average

No-load loss (W) 30000

Load loss (W) 180000

Impedance Voltage (%) 10.5

Oil (Kg) -
Masses
Total (Kg) -

Earthing terminal

Accessories Oil Filling Hole and Plug

Oil drain valve

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 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

Lifting Lugs

Oil level gauge

Rating plate

Dial type thermometer

Pressure Relief Valve

Pad Mounted Transformer

Hermetically Sealed Type

7 Solar Power Plant yield Simulation

7.1 Solar Irradiation and Average Temperature

The solar irradiation and temperature data of local site from NASA are shown
in below figures.

Table 7-1 Monthly Solar Irradiation and average Temperature

Monthly Average Solar Irradiation(kWh/m2)

Item Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year

Irradiation 190.6 171.6 182.3 169.8 162.4 141.9 155.3 181.0 194.1 205.5 188.7 184.8 2128.1

Average Temperature 22.7 22.5 22.4 21.1 18.4 16.1 15.9 18.9 23.0 24.6 24.5 22.8 21.1

From above tables, we can see that the solar resource is very rich in Munyati,
but hot weather will limit the efficiency of power plant.

7.2 Simulation Result

A number of software, with varying degrees of accuracies, is used for the

simulation of the solar power plant. PVSYST is a PC software package for the
study, sizing and data analysis of complete solar systems. It provides analysis
of tilt, azimuth and the technology to be used, it’s popular worldwide.
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

Calculated by PVSYST, the annual production for different data is shown

below. The basic information of 100MWp PV power plant is in below figure.

Table 7-2 Information of100MWp PV Power Plant

1. Location Munyati, Zimbabwe

2. System Type Grid Connected

Operating Voltage 500 – 850 V

Unit Nominal Power 1MW AC

3. Inverter
Number of inverters 100

Total Power100MW AC

Technology Polycrystalline Sillicon

Unit Power Nominal 250Wp

Number of modules per string 20

4.PV array
Number of strings 20000

Total Number of Modules 400000

Nominal (STC) 100MWp

According to NASA solar irradiation and other data, the annual production
of first year is 175445MWh, with a performance ratio of 76.7%
(1754kWh/kWp /Year).

Figure 7-1 Normalized Productions

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 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

Figure 7-2 Performance Ratio

7.3 Analysis of Solar Source

7.3.1 Monthly Report

Base on solar irradiation of NASA, simulation calculating through PVSYST
6.26, the annual production of first year of 100MWp PV power plant in
Identified site is 175,445MWh, with a performance ratio of 76.7%
(1,754kWh/kWp/Year). The calculating result of each month in first year is
as following figure.
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

Figure 7-3 Monthly yield of 100MWp Power Plant

20000
18000 Monthly Yield

Power Generated(MWh) 16000

14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

From above-mentioned figures, the monthly production is various, because

of solar irradiation, temp., etc. The yield of Apr, May, Aug, and Sep is
higher, and the yield of hot summer is lower. The daily production also
varies in each month, some days higher, and some days lower. Thus, the
generated electricity of 100MWp PV power plant is dynamically changing.

7.3.2 Loss Coefficient

Below figure is 100MWp loss diagram of first year.

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 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

Figure 7-4 Loss Diagram of 100MWp PV Power Plant

Several uncertainties exist in the calculation of annual energy yield of the PV

solar station. Uncertainties and their deviation values taken into account in the
analysis are based on our teams experience with previous solar projects as
well as industry experts. These are uncertainties due to i) irradiance, ii)
conversion to inclined surface, iii) soiling, iv) spectral uncertainty, v) albedo, vi)
reflection, vii) deviation from module specifications, viii) inverter and
transformer losses, ix) mismatch, x) ohmic losses, and xi) shading losses.
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

In accordance with solar module efficiency, DC junction and inverter efficiency,

AC on-grid efficiency, the total efficiency of solar power generation project is
determined. Where:

1. Solar module efficiency is the loss of solar array excluding energy

conversion, and includes the matching loss of modules, surface dust
blocking loss, available solar Irradiation loss, temperature influence loss,
etc.

2. The efficiency of solar module varies with the working temperature. When
their temperature rises, the module efficiency tends to decrease.
Considering that the monthly temperature and local annual average
temperature is 21°C, the temperature coefficient of polycrystalline solar
module at peak power is -0.44%/K, so the power loss coefficient caused
by working temperature of each month can be obtained. Based on above
description and calculation, the loss caused by module working
temperature is considered to be 8-10%.

3. DC junction and inverter conversion efficiency mainly consider LV line

loss and inverter efficiency.

4. AC on-grid efficiency refers to the transmission efficiency of inverter

output to HV grid including the efficiency of boosting transformer and AC
line efficiency.

5. Solar module pollution due to dust or accumulated snow can reduce the
module efficiency. In the site where this project is located, regular manual
washing is considered and the loss coefficient is 3%.

Table 7-3 The Loss Diagram of solar power plant

Items Percentage Remarks

Solar module

Irradiation loss in morning and The low Irradiation in morning and night,
1%
night. inverter cannot startup

Efficiency loss caused by difference of

Performance difference of
1-2% module electrical characteristics , connected
modules
to same inverter

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 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

Items Percentage Remarks

Module working temperature High temperature will make the efficiency of

8-10%
loss PV module decrease.

Inverter and DC side

Loss of inverter and DC

2.5% The European efficiency of inverter is 98.3%.
connection

Step-up transformer and AC side

AC and Step-up transformer

2-3% Evaluation based on length ,load and capacity
loss

Other potential losses

Dust coverage loss of module 3%-5% Supposed PV module get regular cleaning

7.3.3 Uncertainty of simulation

The result of simulation can reflect the general annual energy yield, but there
are many uncertain factors to affect the yield.

1. Meteorology

Because the meteorological data from NASA is a synthesized data, the

specific year’s data may have deviation due to special meteorological
phenomena. So the specific year’s yield may have a little deviation.

2. Soiling loss

The simulated yield is calculated by the specific condition, like regularly

cleaning of PV modules. But if the cleaning was suspended by some
reasons or the special weather make the PV module get soiled, and the
soiling loss may get larger than what we supposed.

3. Downtime due to PV plant error

Although the equipment in the PV plant get reliability more than 99.9%,
the PV plant still will get down due to equipment failure. In the period of
equipment maintenance, the yield will be affected.

4. Downtime due to grid failure

Because grid failure can’t be forecasted, so the yield loss due to grid
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

failure is uncertain.

5. Force majeure

Force majeure such as earthquake, flood, hurricane, war and other

majeure can affect the PV plant operating, so it’s difficult to estimate the
impact on the yield.

7.4 25 Years Generated Calculation

7.4.1 Derating Curve of Module

Power degradation of solar modules is the annual depreciation of the capacity

of solar module to produce electricity. This is usually spread over and
calculated on average for the life time of the project which is typically 25 years.

The solar module has derating coefficient during using period. The derating
curve is shown in below figure.

Figure 7-5 Derating curve of module

Module output percent

105.0%
100.0%
95.0%
90.0%
85.0%
80.0%
75.0%
70.0%
65.0%
60.0%
1 6 11 16 21

7.4.2 25 Years Simulation Calculation

The annual average generating capacity Qt=((ηt-1+ηt)/( ηt-2+ηt-1))* Qt-1

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 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

Qt: the annual average generating capacity

t:year，t=0,1,2…N

ηt-1：t-1 year module efficiency

ηt-2：t-2 year module efficiency

ηt：t year module efficiency

Qyt-1：t-1 year generating capacity

According to above formula, the annual simulation calculation and PR during

25 years calculated as shown in below table.

Table 7-4 Simulation Generation and PR of 100MWp during 25 years

Year Simulation Generation (MWh) Performance Ratio

1st 175445.0 76.7%

2nd 172194.4 75.3%

3rd 171036.6 74.8%

4th 169878.9 74.3%

5th 168721.1 73.8%

6th 167563.3 73.3%

7th 166405.6 72.7%

8th 165247.8 72.2%

9th 164090.1 71.7%

10th 162932.3 71.2%

11th 161774.5 70.7%

12th 160616.8 70.2%

13th 159459.0 69.7%

14th 158301.3 69.2%

15th 157143.5 68.7%

16th 155985.7 68.2%

17th 154828.0 67.7%

18th 153670.2 67.2%

19th 152512.5 66.7%

 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

20th 151354.7 66.2%

21st 150197.0 65.7%

22nd 149039.2 65.2%

23rd 147881.4 64.6%

24th 146723.7 64.1%

25th 145565.9 63.6%

Total 3988568.4 /

For 100MWp PV solar power plant, the simulation generated electricity of

1st year is 175,445MWh, the accumulated generated electricity in 25 years
is 3,988,568MWh, and the annual average generated electricity is
159,543MWh. The PR is 76.7% at 1st year, and decreased to 63.6% at 25th
years.

8 Electrical System Design

8.1 Primary System

8.1.1 Design Basis

 IEC 60364 (all parts), Low-voltage electrical installations

 IEC 61936-1, Power installations exceeding 1 kV a.c. - Part 1: Common

rules

 IEC 60071, Insulation co-ordination - Part 1: Definitions, principles and

rules

 IEC 60068, Environmental testing. Part 1: General and guidance

 IEC 61439, Low-voltage switchgear and control gear assemblies

 IEC 60439, Low-voltage switchgear and control gear assemblies

 IEC 60947, Low-voltage switchgear and control gear

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 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

 IEC 62271-200 High-voltage switchgear and controlgear -- Part 200: AC

metal-enclosed switchgear and controlgear for rated voltages above 1 kV

 IEC 60364 (4-41) Low-voltage electrical installations: Protection for safety

- Protection

 against electric shock

 IEC 60364 (5-54) Low-voltage electrical installations: Selection and

erection of electrical

 equipment – Earthing arrangements and protective conductors

 IEC 61936-1 Power installations exceeding 1 kV A.C. - Common rules

 EN 50522 Earthing of power installations exceeding 1 kV A.C.

 IEC 60364-7-717 Low-voltage electrical installations: Requirements for

special installations or locations – Mobile or transportable units

 IEC 62305 (all parts), Protection against lightning

 IEC 60099 Surge arresters

 IEC 61727 "photovoltaic (PV) system – grid interface characteristics"

 IEC 61173 "photovoltaic power system over-voltage protection"

 IEC 62116 "photovoltaic grid-connected inverter anti islanding test

standard"

 IEC 60364-7-712 "2002" electrical installations of buildings - Part 7-712

 IEC 61836 "solar photovoltaic energy system"

 IEC 61277 "terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) power generation system and

guidelines."
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

8.1.2 Grid Interconnection

8.1.2.1 Grid Interconnection Scheme

The Munyati PV station is to be located 10~15kms to the south of Munyati city,

and the transportation to the site is convenient. The whole project consists of
an 132kV substation, a 33kV switchgear room, the complex building, the PV
module racks, the rack bases, the maintenance road, etc.

An approximate 15kms 132kV transmission line is to be built in order for the PV

station to be connected to the 132kV power grid. The connection point is at the
existing Munyati 132kV substation. The final PCC (Point of Common Coupling)
shall be according to the decision of the local power system authority.

8.1.3 The Selection of the substation location

The PV station 132kV substation is adjacent to the PV array. The topography

is open and flat, easy to arrange the transmission corridor and the
transportation. It is an appropriate place to build the substation where has no
major flood threats, EMI or contamination source.

8.1.4 Electrical Single-line Diagram

8.1.4.1 The PV power generation system

The PV power generation system is sectionalized and a common voltage

step-up and grid connection system is used to evacuate the power to the grid.

250Wp polycrystalline silicon panels are used in this project. 20 panels are
connected in serial as a branch. 100 branches are combined in parallel by 7
DC combiners as one unit and feeding DC power into one on-grid 500kW
inverter. In this project there are 200 identical units feeding power into 200
inverters.

In this project every two 500kWp inverters are connected to the LV terminals of
a three-winding transformers and together they form one sub-system. The DC
power is converted into AC and then stepped-up by the three-winding

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transformer. There are in total 100 sub-systems in this project, each has the
capacity of 1MWp. Every 1MWp sub-system consists of an inverter building
and a container type transformer station.

Every 10 transformer stations are connected in parallel again by 33kV power

cables. The power generated is transmitted to the 33kV switchgears in 10
groups using 10 direct buried power cables.

8.1.4.2 The Substation Electrical System

8.1.4.2.1 Electrical System Solution

The 33KV system will be a single bus with two sections arrangement. About 20
pieces of KYN61 type indoor metal clad withdrawable cabinets are needed.
The short-circuit rating is assumed of 25kA due to the lack of information.

Two 132/33kV/50000kVA oil immersed, double-winding, OLTC, ONAF,

outdoor type, three-phase power transformers are installed to transform the
power from 33kV to 132kV.

The 132kV system utilizes single bus configuration. The 132kV substation is
an outdoor AIS type, medium profile layout. It consists of four bays, namely two
transformer incoming bays (2x50MW), one outgoing OHL bay and one busbar
PT and SA bay. The short-circuit rating is assumed of 31.5kA due to the lack of
information.

The power generated by the PV station is transmitted to the 132kV Munyati

substation which is approximately 15kms from the PV station using single
circuit OHL. Accordingly the expansion of the Munyati substation for the PV
power incoming bay is considered.

For station power, two dry type, double-winding, OCTC, indoor type
33/0.4kV/630kVA transformers are utilized. The 400V station auxiliary power
system is a single-bus with two incoming configuration. The two incomings are
automatically transferred using ATS device.
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

8.1.4.2.2 Reactive Power Compensation

The reactive power compensation device in this project is able to compensate

for the reactive power consumed by the electrical BOS system.

The capacity of the RCE (Reactive compensation Equipment) is planned as

20%-30% of the station capacity. The SVG (static voltage generator)
equipment is proposed.

The final capacity of the RCE will be determined by the gird interconnection
study.

8.1.5 The Selection of the Main Electrical Devices

8.1.5.1 Short Circuit Study

Due to the lack of information, for the bidding purpose the short circuit rating
25kV is taken for the 33kV busbar system.

Due to the lack of information, for the bidding purpose the short circuit rating
31.5kV is taken for the 132kV busbar system.

The actual short circuit rating can be determined with input from the power
company.

8.2 Selection of Conductors

The selection of the cables is according to the following principles:

According to the allowable current carrying capacity,

According to the allowable voltage drop,

According to the economical current density,

According to the mechanical strength.

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8.2.1 The selection of the PV DC cables

For the cables connecting PV panels and PV combiner boxes, the

PVF-1×4mm2 cable or ZR-YJV-1kV-1×4mm2 cables are used. The cables are
routed in the air or in conduits. The cables between combiner boxes and
inverters are ZR-YJV22-1kV-2×70mm2, routed in conduits or directly buried in
soil.

8.2.2 The Selection of other types of the cables

Fire retardant copper core cable ZR-YJV22-0.6/1kV will be used for the LV
power cables.

Fire retardant copper core cable ZR-YJV22-33kV will be used for the MV
power cables.

LGJ type ACSR wires are used for the OHL.

ZRC-KVVP2-0.75kV shielded cables are used for control cables.

8.2.3 Lightning and Overvoltage Protection

8.2.3.1 PV array

(1) Direct Strike Protection and Grounding

The shades of the lightning rods have bad influence to the PV modules. In
consideration that the site location is not the lightning strike zone, the lightning
rods are not used in the PV array area. The direct strike protection is archived
by connecting the PV panels and the racks with the grounding grid.

An unified grounding grid will be designed for this project. The iron bars in the
PV concrete base, the vertical grounding electrodes and the grounding grid are
welded together. The electrodes in each sub-array are welded as grid, all
sub-arrays are interconnected together, and the grounding resistance should
be less than 4 Ohms.

(2) PV Power Generation System Overvoltage Protection

 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

To prevent the surge on the DC circuit, Surge arrestors are installed in the DC
combiner boxes, DC distribution panels, inverters and 33kV transformer
stations. The insulation coordination is based on 5kA rated discharge current
of the surge arrestors. This is in accordance with IEC 62305.

8.2.3.2 132kV Substation

(1) Direct strike Protection and Grounding

To meet the human and equipment safety, the substation is protected by

independent lightning rods. The substation grounding grid consists of the
horizontal and vertical electrodes. If possible the building steel bars may be
used as electrodes. The grounding grid has a close edge. All electrical
equipments in the substation need to be grounded. The grounding grid should
be laid under the frozen soil layer. The substation, PV array and complex
building grounding grids are interconnected together. The grounding
resistance is in accordance with IEC 62305-3. The touch voltage and the step
voltage need to be limited within the safe amount.

(2) The overvoltage protection and insulation coordination

The Zinc oxide surge arrestors are installed at 132kV bus and incoming line
bay to prevent the lightning and operation overvoltage.

8.2.4 Station Power and Light

8.2.4.1 Station Power

In this project, the 380/220V LV power system is common for lighting and
power system. The 400V station bus has two incoming feeders. The main
power supply is from the external 33kV public power grid. The back-up power
supply is from the 33kV bus in the PV station.

To improve the 400V power reliability, the auto-transfer device is used to

automatically transfer the power input between external and internal incomings.
The two incomings are electrically and mechanically interlocked to avoid the

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paralleling of the power sources. The rated in-house power consumption is

shown as below:
Rated
Total Working Power Calculating Working
Consumers Power
Numbers Numbers Factor Factor KVA
(kW)

33kV switchgear room

20 1 0 0.85 0.7 0.00
maintenance power

Complex building small power 40 1 1 0.85 0.7 32.94

220VDC battery charger 40 2 1 0.85 0.8 37.65

UPS incoming power 20 2 1 0.85 1 23.53

SVC device power 10 2 2 0.85 0.8 18.82

Grounding transformer cabinet

3 2 2 0.85 0.7 4.94
power

Indoor lighting 20 1 1 0.8 0.5 12.50

Outdoor lighting 20 1 1 0.8 0.5 12.50

132kV terminal box power 5 1 1 0.85 1 5.88

132kV circuit breaker power 5 1 1 0.85 1 5.88

Main TFR.ventilation power 10 2 2 0.85 0.8 18.82

Portable water pump 4 2 1 0.85 0.7 3.29

Spare 10 1 1 0.85 0.7 8.24

Total Working KVA 185

Rated Capacity of the Auxiliary Transformer (KVA) = 0.8 * Total KVA = 148

Table 8-1 Rated In-house power consumption list

8.2.4.2 Lighting and Maintenance

In this project, a common LV power system is used for the lighting and
maintenance power and station power. According to the lighting design
regulations, the station lighting consists of the normal lighting and emergency
lighting. The PV inverter containers lighting power is taken from its own 380
distribution boxes. The station emergency lighting is connected to the DC
distribution cabinets. The emergency lighting is powered by the AC source
during normal operation. Under emergency conditions when the AC power is
lost, the emergency lighting transfer panel will transfer the power input from AC
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

to DC. The emergency lighting and fixtures are installed in the office, central
control room. Independent small emergency lighting fixtures with batteries are
installed in emergency 33kV switchgear room。

The indoor lumps are mainly:

Inverter container, Central control room and office: Ceiling fluorescent lamp;

Dormitory, corridor and stair hall: Ceil mounted energy saving lump;

Outdoor lighting: Spotlight

8.2.5 Electrical Equipment Layout

The project facilities can be divided into two parts: complex building area and
PV array area. In complex building area there are 132 substation, 33kV
switchgear room, complex building and entrance road, etc. In the PV array
area, there are PV arrays, container type transformer stations, container type
inverter stations, cable ditches, etc. The PV array consists of 100 No. of 1mWp
units. According to the terrain conditions, the whole plant is in shape of a
rectangle. The entrance, complex building, substation are located in the west
of the station. The total land occupation is 1,500,000m2。

The complex building is a single-layer building. The total construction area:

1000m2. It contains central control room, office, conference room, kitchen,
canteen, pump house, maintenance house, diesel engine house, dormitory,
etc.

8.2.5.1 PV array Equipment Layout

The total installed capacity of the project is 100MWp. Each sub-array has
1MWp capacity, one inverter station and one transformer station. To avoid
shading, the inverter station keeps enough distance with PV array. Each
inverter station contains two sets of 500kW inverters. The 1000kVA
transformer station is 1-2 meters away from the inverter station.

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 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

There are 100 sets of 1MWp sub-arrays, between each array there is an 8
meters wide maintenance road. 0.8 meter wide maintenance road is kept
within the sub-array.

8.2.5.2 Step-up station Layout

The protection and monitoring equipments are located in the electronics device
room. The SCADA is located in the central control room. The floor of the
central control room is raised anti-electrostatic tile. The control and computer
cables may be routed under the raised floor. In the electronic room, the
secondary system cabinets are arranged in three rows. Outdoor cable ducts
are arranged between substation and the complex building.

8.3 The Secondary System

(1) The PV station is designed according to the unattended (or fewer operators
are required) philosophy.

(2) The supervisory system is based on the computer SCADA system, there
will be no conventional device or cabinets in the central control room.

(3) The SCADA system is an open structure, hierarchical and distributed

network control system.

8.3.1 Grid Dispatch and Tele-control

The SCADA system in this project has the tele-control functions, it is able to
exchange information with the grid dispatch center.

The following analog data can be sent to dispatch center: current, voltage,
frequency, active power, reactive power, watt-hour and var-hour.

The following binary signal can be sent to dispatch center: The position change
signal of the circuit breakers, disconnectors, etc. will be sent to dispatch center
with priority. Additionally, the important device abnormal or alarm signals will
be sent out, as well as the protection initiation signals.
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

The dispatch center will be able to control the grid connection breaker in PV
station remotely. The remote control action subjects to the operation rights and
interlocked by the protection interlocking.

8.3.2 Solar PV power plant Comprehensive Monitor System

The comprehensive automation of the substation, the main parts of which are
microcomputer protection and supervisory computer control system, and other
parts including intelligent devices and so on .

The comprehensive automation system consists of supervisory computer

control system, relay protection, automatic device and dispatching automation
system.

The supervisory computer control system with remote control function will
control and dispatch the substation according to the demand of dispatching
center, which collecting the processed many kind of real-time data and
information.

The feature of each part of the comprehensive automation system is described

below:

8.3.2.1 The supervisory computer control system

1. Content of the supervisory computer control system

The function of the comprehensive automation system in the solar PV power

plant is data acquisition, display, data transmission and so on. The system is
on the basis of intelligent electrical equipments, communicating with serial
communication bus (field bus). The PV modules, combiner boxes, on-grid
inverters, electrical system, auxiliary on-line intelligent detection and monitor
devices consist of a real-time network. Through the data flow and monitoring of
electrical data, on the basis of data acquisition, analysis and process, setting
up a real-time database and history database, performing report 、 index
management、protection constant value analysis and management、device
fault prediction and detection、device state maintenance.
2. Structure of the supervisory computer control system

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The system is consisted of station control layer、network layer and wall. The
station control layer is the center of the substation, integration of supervisory,
metering, control and management, connecting with wall through fiber or
STD(Shielded Twisted Pair). The wall is arrayed different places, perform the
function of device supervisory and circuit breaker control even on the condition
of station control layer、network layer failure. The supervisory computer control
system commute with dispatching center through remote control station.

The station control layer is consisted of operator station, remote control station,
exchanger, communication management machine, printer, GPS clock.

The network layer is consisted of network device and protocol converter;

The wall is consisted of distributed combiner boxes, on-grid inverter units,

environment monitoring instrument and secondary device such as protection,
measuring, calculation device and so on.
3. Function of the supervisory computer control system
1) Data acquisition and process;
2) Safety detection and man-machine interface;
3) Operation device control, switch on or off of the circuit breaker and
disconnector switch, control of station system;
4) Data communication function;
5) Self-diagnostic function;
6) Preferred modification, easy to upgrade;
7) Automatic report and print function;
8) Clock system

Two IPC(Industrial Personal Computer) are used as station level control device,
and one is used as host/operator station and the other is used as operator
station. In addition, 1 printer and 1 set voice alarm system is included.

8.3.2.2 Supervisory of Solar PV Generator and inverters

1) Solar PV generator is consisted of PV modules, DC combiner box and
on-grid inverter AC distributed cabinet;
2) Combiner box measure and collect the real-time data of PV modules. The
combiner box use 1 set monitoring system of inverter, which will realize the
analysis and process of data, and fault detection and alarm for the PV
modules. Operation data and processing result is transferred to station
control layer, to be supervised and controlled by operator remotely.
3) The configuration of monitoring system of the PV module and inverter is
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

below:
a. the supervisory computer control system supervise and manage the
PV modules and inverters, the information such as operation data, fault
type, real-time power, electric power and so on is displayed on the
LCD screen. The electric power is injected into the electric network, the
operator can supervise and control the PV modules and inverters
through keyboard.
b. The local supervised device is set up to supervise the PV modules and
inverters, the above function is realized as well. The protection and
detection configuration of the PV modules and inverters is made by the
supplier of inverters, such as thermal protection, over-load protection,
grid fault protection and sensor fault signal. After the protection device
action, the outgoing circuit breaker of the inverter is switch off and send
the signal.
c. The remote control of the PV modules and inverters is realized at the
central control room, the computer have multi-level access
authorization control, the authorized operator can operate remotely.
The displayed information as below:
DC voltage, DC current, DC power, AC voltage, AC current, AC power,
inverter temperature, clock, frequency, power factor, current generated
power, daily electric energy production, accumulated electric energy
production, daily generated power curve graph. All the operation state
is supervised, and audible and visual alarm will show the device fault
with cause and time.
d. The line protection switch, ampere meter, voltmeter are settled in the
ACDB. The voltage and current signal and switch state are transferred
from communication control layer to station control layer, and will be
supervised by station operator.

8.3.2.3 Box-type substation and outgoing supervisory

There are 100 sets box-type transformer and 10 33kV switching rooms, on the
step-up side of each transformer there are load switch and plug-in fuse, on the
low side there are auto-air switch. There are indoor complete metal enclosed
circuit breaker. The load switch, auto-air switch, circuit breaker, no-load tap of
the transformer can be controlled locally, and be centralized supervised by
supervisory computer control system, the action signals will be transferred to
central control room.

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8.3.3 Relay protection and safety automatic device

The protection device outlet adopt relay passive contact. Relay protection and
safety automatic device can meet the demand of reliability, alternatively,
sensitivity and quick-action.

8.3.3.1 Relay protection device

1. 33kV outgoing line protection
Protection configuration:
1 set main protection, whole back-up protection
Optical fiber longitudinal differential protection
2. 33kV busbar protection(single bus with a tie)
1 set micro computer protection
Optical fiber longitudinal differential protection
Circuit breaker malfunction protection
3. 33kV line protection
Three step current protection, three step voltage latch-up over current
protection
Over load protection
4. 33kV SVC protection
Three step timing current quick-break protection and over-current
protection
Over load protection
Over voltage
Under voltage protection
Residual voltage protection
5. 33kV grounding transformer protection
Three step current protection, three step voltage latch-up over current
protection
Over load protection

8.3.3.2 Fault recorder automatic device

For the fault and protection device action analysis, micro computer fault
recorder is settled in the solar PV station and used for 33kV busbar voltage,
line current and switch action.
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

8.3.3.3 Power quality monitoring system

For meet the demand of GB/T 12326-2008《power quality voltage fluctuation

and flickering》,the power quality monitoring device is settled to monitor the
power quality index to estimate if the index meet the demand. If not, the
SVC/SVG will be settled to improve the power quality.

Basic monitor data included as below:

Frequency, voltage, current, total power, passive power, power factor.

Basic monitor index included as below:

Frequency, voltage, current, total/active/passive power, three phase

fundamental voltage/current, fundamental voltage/current phase, fundamental
power/power factor, voltage deviation, frequency deviation, three phase
voltage unbalance, three phase current unbalance, 3~25 current harmonics,
total harmonic distortion, amplitude, phase, active/passive power and so on.

Senior monitor index included as below:

Voltage fluctuation and flickering, quick rise/down, short interruption,

instantaneous over voltage.

Others included as below:

Parameter configuration, record storage, on-line statistic, event trigger

recorder, GPS time hack.

8.3.4 Secondary connection

8.3.4.1 Measuring and metering check point

The main electric parameters are sent into the supervisory computer control
system. The electric measuring meter is not settled in the central control room
but in the switch cabinet. At the same time, the nonelectrical signal is sent into
the supervisory computer control system for real-time supervisory.

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The metering gateway is on the 132kV outgoing line of solar PV power plant
with one 0.2 level kWh meter and one 0.5 level varmeter with intelligent
multi-function. The testing point of performance test is at the 132kV outgoing
line of solar PV power plant too.

8.3.4.2 CT&PT

The secondary side of levels of bus voltage transformer set dedicated circuit for energy

metering, and section of its loop wire should ensure that the secondary voltage drop of

each power meter is not more than 0.2%Ue when it runs under maximum load. So

design capacity of 33kV / 88KV outgoing current transformer is level 0.2s, and

measuring is 0.5. Design capacity of voltage transformer is level 0.2, measuring is 0.5,

and protection is level 3P.

8.3.4.3 Power quality monitoring device

One set electric quantity acquisition and power quality monitoring device is
settled, communicate with electricity meter through RS485, collecting electric
quantity information of total substation. electric quantity acquisition device is
equipped with dialer and network port.

8.3.5 Control power system

8.3.5.1 DC control power system

DC control power system including: one set 200AH storage battery, one set
floating charge/ equalization device, single busbar connection with DC220V
voltage level. The DC insulation monitoring device is settled on the busbar in
order to monitor DC system insulation and busbar voltage. The battery is
equipped with detecting device. The charging device adopt micro computer
controlled with automatic and manual mode, when the automatic mode is
repaired, change to manual mode automatically.

According to load of each device, UPS is settled to make sure that the power
supply of micro computer monitoring system and protection device is reliable.
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

The UPS will supply NCS, gateway, fault recorder, remote electrical power
measurements system, line protection supervisor and printer and so on.

8.3.6 Fire Alarm System

The power plant will be provided with a set of fire alarm system. The fire alarm
system adopts central alarm method. The system is including sensors, manual
push buttons, communication system and wiring system, interlocking control
and central control panel. The fire detection and alarm and the interlocking
control will share the same information bus. The central fire alarm panel is able
to show the alarm and detection zone, and is able to initiate the external
system.

The central fire detection panel will be located in the control room.

The fire detection sensor will be setup at central control room, electronic room,
switchgear room, main transformers, etc. The fire alarm system is powered by
the UPS system and/or station DC system.

8.3.7 Surveillance system（CCTV）

A surveillance system will be provided for the substation, in order for the
operation management and for the security of the PV plant.

The scope of the surveillance is including the PV station entrance, the main
transformers, the outdoor switchgears, the complex building and the fence.
The cameras should have no blind area or blocking.

This system is able to supervise the appearance of the equipments and

environments. It has alarm function, and interlocks with the substation
fire-fighting system, the lighting system and the SCADA system. When there is
a fire alarm, the recorder can be automatically switched on.

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8.3.8 The electrical laboratory

To provide the adjustment, testing and calibration instruments for the testing
and calibration of the electrical devices.

8.3.9 Environmental Monitoring System

Computerized solar radiation and environment monitoring system will be

installed in the solar PV power plant and is integrated into the SCADA system.
Global and diffuse beam solar radiation in the plane of array (POA) will be
monitored on continuous basis. Ambient temperature and relative humidity
near PV array, temperature, wind speed and wind direction at the level of array
plane will be monitored on continuous basis. 100 solar PV module back
surface temperature sensor will be provided, each for 1MWp sub-array.

8.4 Telecommunication

8.4.1 PV array communication

For each 1MW PV sub-array, there is one data acquisition device，which is

responsible for correcting the information from the combiner boxes, inverters
and transformers, etc. The data acquisition device exchange information with
the exchanger. Every 20 sub-arrays form a fiber optic ring network and connect
with the SCADA system bus.

8.4.2 Substation communication

The whole PV station is designed according to the un-attended (or fewer

operators are required) principle.

The communication method between substation and the grid operator is either
through dedicated digital communication network or using PLC (Power Line
Carrier) depending on the real site saturation.
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

8.4.3 Communication System DC Power Supply

The power supply to the PV station communication system is 48VDC system.

This DC power supply may be from a separate DC battery sets or by
stepping-down the existing 220V DC system.

9 Civil Works

9.1 General layout of the power plant

The 100MWp solar PV power plant project in Zimbabwe is planned to be built

in the south of Munyati City, where it is flat and open with little rise and fall. The
site average elevation is 1100~1130m, this project covers 1,500,000 m2. The
transportation will be relatively convenient as there’re shortcut roads passing
through. The installed capacity of solar PV power plant will be 100MWp,
including the solar photovoltaic power generating system and relevant
supporting net-connecting equipment.

The supporting projects can be divided into two parts: production and living
area, photovoltaic array area. An 132kV step-up station, complex buildings,
arrival roads, etc. are built in the production and living area. The photovoltaic
array area includes PV module array, box-type substation, inverter room, cable
trench, etc. The PV module array adopt 1MWp as one grid-connected power
generation sub-unit, and there are 100 units. According to the site terrain, both
two areas are arranged in a rectangular shape. The production and living area
is located at the west of the photovoltaic array area, and the entrance and exit
of the power plant is located in the west of the management area, connected
with the roads outside the site. The total area of the power plant is
1,500,000m2.

The major buildings (structures) in the production and living area are complex
building, 33kV switchgear and fire pool. The complex building is located at the
south of production and living area, while the dispatching device will be
allocated at the east of the production and living area according to the direction
of outgoing line. The complex building is a one-storey building with central

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control room, office, kitchen, dining hall, cultural and sports activities room
dormitories, etc. The central control room will be supplied with monitoring
system operator station, DC screen, centralized monitoring system, PC system
telecontrol and communication equipment.

The photovoltaic array area includes PV array, inverter, and box –type
substation and overhauling passage way, thereinto, the PV array is made of
100 sets of 1MWp photovoltaic sub-systems. Each 1MWp photovoltaic
sub-system is installed with an inverter room, which is at the middle of the
photovoltaic array. There’re one inverter rooms in total. The box substation is
located at the both sides of inverter room. Both of the box-type substation and
inverter room are located at area between the photovoltaic arrays, resulting in
no shadow to the PV panel.

The entrance of station connects the external roads to the production and living
area directly. There’re internal crossing roads in the photovoltaic array area,
easy for installation and maintenance. The access road is 8m wide, and the
internal road is between 4m and 6m wide.

Landscaping is an important measure of improving life, production and

ecological environment, with functions of detaining dust, fixing CO 2, releasing
O 2 and cooling. This project plans to make the following landscaping
principles according to the properties of photovoltaic power plant and local
climate features:

1、Choose the varieties of trees adapt to local conditions with properties of

drought resisting, anti-pollution, harmful gas absorbing, dustproof and
sterilization and ornamental plants or fruit trees.

2、Combine the overall planning of the total layout of the power plant, fan out
from point to area and highlight the key points.

3、The both sides of entrance roads and surroundings of the complex building
will be planned with ornamental plants or fruit trees, hedgerow and grasslands
etc; plant ever-green trees and shrubs at the side of the complex building
facing leading wind in winter to resist cold winds. The landscaping shall echo
with the buildings to form an elegant building afforestation landscape.
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

9.2 Main power plant building

Main buildings of photovoltaic power plants are as follows:

Table 9-1 List of main building

NO. Name of building Floors Type of structure

1 33KV switch station 1 concrete frame with concrete block

400V low-voltage switch

2 1 concrete frame with concrete block
station

3 Relay room 1 concrete frame with concrete block

4 Control room 1 concrete frame with concrete block

5 Recreation room 1 concrete frame with concrete block

6 Kitchen 1 concrete frame with concrete block

7 Toilets 1 concrete frame with concrete block

8 Dormitories 1 concrete frame with concrete block

The above estimate, appropriately adjusted according to the specific situation

9.3 Civil Design

9.3.1 Building Design

9.3.1.1 Design Basis

1、Codes for Design of Civil Buildings (GB50352-2005)

2、Design Code for Office Building (JGJ67-2006)

3、Design Standard for Energy Efficiency of Public Buildings (GB50189-2005)

4、Code of Design on Building Fire Protection and Prevention (GB50016-2006)

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9.3.1.2 Building Design of the Production and Living Area

The floor area of the production and living area (including 33kV switchgear and
complex building) is 2,000m². Layout the buildings and structures inside the
walls, with functions and styles fully combining the local condition of perennial
wind area with beautiful environment and considering the applicability of
production, living, operating and maintenance. On the basis of complete
functions and reasonable usage of investments, the design idea integrates
buildings with similar functions and allocates 33kV switchgear, complex
building and fire pool. The design integrates the production and living rooms
into a one-storey building to save land and energy consumption.

1、Living area building

The building is one-storey, including: dormitories, kitchen, recreation room,

toilets, restaurant.

Structure: concrete frame structure.

2.Control room

The control room is one-storey

Structure: concrete frame structure

3.Relay room

The relay room is one-storey

Structure: concrete frame structure

4.400V low-voltage switch station

The 400V switch station is one-storey

Structure: concrete frame structure

5.33kV substation

The 33kV substation is one-storey

 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

Structure: concrete frame structure

6.Auxiliary facilities

（1）Fence

Choose 2.2m high iron gird wall of about 6000m long.The foundation structure
of can be concrete, but also can be pile foundation.

（2）Fence gates

Steel fence gates or wire fence gate is selection of preliminary plan.

（3）Plant road

The initially planned to take Mud road gravel road or gravel roads.

9.3.2 Structural Design

9.3.2.1 Design Basis

1、Load Code for Architectural Structures (GB50009-2009)

2、Uniform Standard for the Design of Reliability of Engineering Structure

(GB501153-2008)

3、Code for Seismic Design of Buildings (GB50011-2010)

4、Code for Design of Building Foundations (GB50007-2002)

5、Technical Code for Building Foundation Treatment (JGJ79-2002)

6、Code for Design of Concrete Structures (GB50010-2010)

7、Load Code for Architectural Structures (GB50009-2001)

8、Code forDesign of Masonry Structures (GB50003-2001)

9、Technical Code for Design of Cold-Formed Thin-Wall Steel Structures

(GB50018-2002)

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10、Code for Design of Masonry Structures (GB50003-2001)

11、Code for Anti-erosion Design of Industrial Constructions (GB50046-2008)

9.3.2.2 Engineering geological conditions and engineering level

Since the current data is not very adequate. From information that we get, the
foundation is the natural foundation, not backfill, so it is assumed that the
foundation bearing capacity values> 150Kpa, non-weak foundation.
Underground water level is in the ground 10 meters below. The areas occur
without snow and permafrost. According to the site investigation and regional
geological survey, no undesirable geological condition has been detected, thus
it is primarily determined as stable.

According to the earthquake classification of "SEISMOTECTONICS OF

ZIMBABWE", largest seismic surface wave rating in Munyati city is about 4.0.
Here, basic design seismic acceleration value is 0.05g seismic fortification
intensity is 6 degrees.

Design Parameters

Basic wind pressure 1KN / m²(calculation according to 40m / s maximum wind

speed)

The basic snow pressure 0KN / m²

Building safety class

Switch stationtwo, the PV array bracket and base two, living facilities two

9.3.2.3 Structure Selection

1. Photovoltaic cell panel bracket foundation

Considering the impact in all aspects of design and project investment,

construction schedule, etc., can adopt the basis of helical piles, or concrete
standalone basis. Screw pile foundation is done with hydraulic piling
equipment that rotating the screw pile squeeze into the soil. Concrete
foundation program is the foundation of an independent cast with concrete,
embedded installs anchor bolts.
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

2. Inverter room and outdoor electrical facilities struction design

The inverter rooms, totally 100, are scatteredly installed in the photovoltaic
array area as container using under-pillar concrete independent foundation,
covering 7.5m2 each.

The project chooses 100 scatteredly box-type substation. The electrical

equipment are flexible connected, thus, there’s no requirement on deformation
control of the foundation.

3. Cable trench

Cable trench in field area dug straightly. Depth is greater than 1 m, and width is
greater than 1 meter. It facilitate to entry into the ditch for construction. After
the laying of cables, backfill direct burial.

4. Complex building design

The complex building is located at the management area as one-floor

above-ground building, using concrete steel framed structure and site-cast
reinforced concrete slab for roof and under-pillar concrete independent
foundation.

5. Civil work of main transformer

Two sets of 50MVA transformer and two sets of reactive power compensation
device are used in the project. Reinforced concrete foundations are required
for both of them; 132kV taking out interval need to build an outdoor steel
structure, and poured reinforced concrete foundation.

9.3.2.4 Foundation Treatment and Corrosion Prevention

It is supposed that the characteristic value of local foundation bearing capacity

is 150kPa, meeting the requirements of site building (structure) foundation,
without special treatment. If the ground soil is non-corrosive to concrete
structures, no need to do special treatment for foundation.

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9.3.3 Water Supply and Drainage Design

9.3.3.1 Water Consumption Estimation

1. Domestic water consumption

Domestic water consumption can be calculated according to relevant

regulations of "building water supply and drainage design specifications"
(GB50015-2003).

2. Fire Consumption

Within the production and living area, the type of building fire risk is III type and
fireproof grade is II grade. According to Code for Fire Protection Design of
Buildings （GB50016-2006） and Code for Fire Protection Design of Thermal
Power Plant and Substation （GB50229-2006）,the fire fighting device can be
designed.

3. Water consumption for cleaning

According to the actual water consumption by photovoltaic power plant, the

water consumption per year for cleaning is about 5,000 m3 upon preliminary
estimation.

9.3.3.2 Drainage System

The drainage system uses rain and sewage separating system, where the rain
and sewage are discharged separately.

The water on proof of complex building adopts inner roof drainage type. The
outdoor rain is drained out of site through rainwater pipe network after
gathered in road gully. Concrete drainage path can be determined after
investigation.

The water in kitchen and toilet of complex building shall be drained to the
reinforced concrete septic tank. It shall transport the sewage by sewage truck
to the sewer pipe point in surrounding towns to dispose intensively and prevent
the power plant from pollution.
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

9.3.3.3 Water Supply and Drainage Pipe

The outdoor water supply pipe shall adopt PE pipe and be connected through
hot melting. When connecting the water supply pipe with metal pipeline and
value, it shall use steel-plastic transition joints or exclusive flanged joints.

The indoor water supply pipe shall adopt steel-plastic complex pipe and be
connected by special accessories.

The indoor sanitary sewer shall adopt UPVC drain pipe and bear glue joint.

Outdoor rainwater and sewage pipe shall adopt TTP-PVC double-wall and
waved drainage pipe, as well as rubber ring connector.

9.3.4 Design of Heating and Ventilation

9.3.4.1 Indoor Air Calculating Parameters

1) Indoor calculating temperature with summer air-conditioning: central

control room: 26℃；

2) Indoor calculating temperature with summer ventilation: switching room,

inverter room: 45℃

9.3.4.2 Heating and Ventilating System

1. Heating: Project is located in the savannah climate regions, the average

annual temperature is about 21 ℃, minimum temperature in winter is
around 10 ℃, and the climate is mild, no need heating.

2. Ventilation and Air Conditioning

(1) Ventilation in complex building

Giving priority to natural ventilation, it shall arrange wall-mounted

air-conditioner in the central control room, meeting room, restaurant,
kitchen and office. It also shall install the outlet used for air-conditioner
in staff quarter and maintenance room.

(2) Accident ventilation

It shall select and use BT35-11-3.15# explosion-proof axial flow fan.

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Arrangement points: 2 sets in central control room, 1 set in oil storage

room, 1 set in kitchen, 1 sets in garage, 3 sets in 33kV switchgear.

The central control room shall arrange unitary air-conditioner to meet the
requirements of process design.

9.4 Civil Engineering Characteristics

Table 9-2 Civil Engineering Characteristics Table

S/N Name of project or fees

I Construction Engineering

Photovoltaic power generation foundation works (with screw pile foundation,

Ⅰ
for example)

1.1 Screw pile installation

2 Unit substation foundation works

2.1 Earth excavation

2.2 Backfill

2.3 C20 concrete for foundation

2.4 Steel production and installation

2.5 Corrosion

3 Line Project

3.1 Earth excavation

3.2 Backfill

4 Ground engineering

4.1 Earth excavation

4.2 Backfill

Ⅱ Boost Substation Project

1 Site formation works

1.1 General site formation

2 Electrical equipment foundation engineering (reactive power compensation)

2.1 Earth excavation

2.2 Backfill

2.3 Concrete
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

Ⅲ Building construction Engineering

1 Construction works for Production Building

1.1 Comprehensive room

1.2 35kV switchgear

1.3 Inverter Room

2 Auxiliary production building works

2.1 Reinforced concrete septic tank

2.2 Fire pool

2.3 Fire bunker

2.4 Oil tank for accident

3 Outdoor Project

3.1 Fence

3.2 Door

Ⅳ Traffic Engineering

1 Access Road

1.1 Pavement Engineering

1.2 Road base

2 Pit road

2.1 Pavement Engineering

2.2 Road base

Ⅴ Other works

1 Environmental Engineering

2 Soil and Water Conservation Project

3 Labor safety and industrial hygiene engineering

4 Flood protection

9.5 Accompanying Diagram

Table 9-3 Accompanying Diagram Content

S/N Drawing Number Drawings name

1 ZB100MW-Z001 Plan of Photovoltaic power plant

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2 ZB100MW-Z002 Plan Support Foundation

3 ZB100MW-Z003 Plan of complex building

4 ZB100MW-Z004 Plan of step-up station

10 Fire Protection Design of
Engineering

10.1 Overview

10.1.1 Design Standard and Principle

1, "Fire Protection Law of the People's Republic of China" (2009-05-01);

2, " Fire Protection Regulation for Buildings Design" (GB50016-2006);

3, "Fire Protection Regulation for Thermal Power Plant and Substation Design"
(GB50229-2006);

4, " Fire Protection Regulation for Interior Decoration Design of Buildings"

(GB50222-95);

5, "35kV ~ 110kV Unattended Substation Design Specification"

(DL/T5103-1999);

6, "Typical Fire Protection Regulations for Electric Power Equipment"

(DL5027-93);

7, "Power Cable Design Specification" (GB50217-2007);

8, "Automatic Fire Alarm System Design Specification" (GB50116-98);

9, "Building Fire Extinguisher Design Specification" (GB50140-2005);

10, "Code for Building Water Design" (GB50015-2003);

11, "Code for Outdoor Water Design" (GB50013-2006);

12, "Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning Design specification"

(GB50019-2003).
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

10.1.2 General Design Principle

1, Fire protection design shall implement the "prevention first, combining

prevention with elimination" principle, take the integrated measures including
first prevention, second cuting off, three putting out, four excretion", rely on the
self-help defense and select explosion-proof equipment with advanced fire
technology and new type fireproof materials, to guarantee the safety,
convenient use and high cost effectiveness.

2, fire protection engineering design and general layout plan to consider,

ensure the fire lane, fireproof distance, safety exit and other requirements.

3, if the PV power plant near the fire station, by the society of fire power.

10.1.3 Design Principle for Electromechanical Fire Protection

1, The power supply should be reliable to meet the corresponding

requirements of fire load.

2, The fire protection setting of transformer, cable and other electrical

equipment should follow " thefire protection design of thermal power plant and
substation standard" (GB50229-2006), "power equipment typical fire protection
regulations" (DL5027-93) and "power engineering cable design specification"
(GB50217-2007) design.

3, The wire section of wire and cable should not be too small, to avoid
overloading the fever, which would cause the fire. The fire fighting equipment
should use fire retardant cable.

4, The perfect anti surge protection facilities and grounding system should be
provided.

5, The necessary communication facilities should be provided in the control

room and other important places.
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

10.1.4 General Fire Protection Solution Design

Integrated fire control and protection technology measures is applied for the
overall design in this project from various aspects including fire protection,
monitoring, alarm, control, fire, smoke, escape, and strive to reduce the fire
occuring rate. The fire can be put out in a short time, so that the fire loss can be
reduced to a minimum, while ensuring the safety evacuation.

10.1.4.1 Fire Lane

The fire ring channel for the complex building and switch station design should
have a width of no less than 4m. the turning radius is larger than 7m, and the
slope is less than 3%. The fire channel connects to the road of field, complex
buildings and step-up station, and also connect to the main road outside the
local city.

10.1.4.2 Fire Separation Distance

The distance between the step-up station walls and the nearest cell array is
greater than 200m, the surrounding of complex buildings and 33kV power
distribution room walls is open, conforms to the specification requirements.

10.1.4.3 Fire Fighting Facilities

According to the standard, the configuration of the fire hydrant, sand box,
portable fire extinguisher and cart type fire extinguisher etc. should be provided
in the complex buildings, step-up station, 33kV power distribution room and
field.

10.1.4.4 Power System and Communication Equipment for Fire Control

Fire control power supply should use the variable power supply for the
transfomer station. The telephone shall be configued in the important place.

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10.2 Fire Control Engineering Design

10.2.1 Location Arrangement of Main Buildings

The surrounding of the 33kV power distribution room, complex buildings (i.e.,
production and living building) and the step-up station locating in the project
area should be open. And their location selection should comply with fireproof
distance criterion.

10.2.2 Fire Resistance Rating of Switch Station Building

Table 10-1 Fire Resistance Rating of Building in Solar Power Plant

Fire hazard Fire Resistance

Name
classification Rating
33kV Electrical Distribution Room Class 3 Class 2

Transformer Room Class 3 Class 2

Cable gallery, cable wells, wire space Class 3 Class 2

Central Control Room, Communication Room Class 3 Class 2

Water Pump House Class 4 Class 2

Restaurant, the kitchen, warehouse Class 4 Class 2

Office Class 4 Class 2

Work Shop Class 4 Class 2

Small oil spare gasoline units Class 3 Class 2

Tool Room Class 4 Class 2

Dormitory Class 4 Class 2

From the above list of data analysis: the fire hazard of 33kV distribution room is
a class 3, and the relative fire resistance rating is Class 2.
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

10.2.3 Fire Control Design of Main Place and Electromechanical

Equipment

10.2.3.1 Fire Control Design of Complex Buildings and 33kV Electrical

Distribution Room

1、Fire Resistance Rating of Main Buildings

Table 10-2 Combustion performance and fireproof limit of Building

Combustion performance and fireproof limit(h) Fire Resistance Rating

Component of Building Class 1 Class 2

Non combustible Non combustible

Fireproof Wall
4.00 4.00

The load-bearing walls, staircases, Non combustible Non combustible

elevator wells wall 3.00 2.50
Wall
Non load-bearing walls, elevator wells Non combustible Non combustible
wall 1.00 1.00

Non combustible Non combustible

Room partition wall
0.75 0.50

Non combustible Non combustible

Multilayer support column
3.00 2.50
柱
Non combustible Non combustible
Single Layer support column
2.50 2.00

Non combustible Non combustible

Beam
2.00 1.50

Non combustible Non combustible

Floor
1.50 1.00

Non combustible Non combustible

Roof Bearing Component
1.50 1.00

Non combustible Non combustible

emergency stairway
1.50 1.00

Non combustible Non combustible

Suspended ceiling
0.25 0.25

The fire resistance rating of the switch station building and building is class 2,
the design material selection should meet with the corresponding fire
resistance limit (H) hour.
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2、Fire separation distance between buildings, structures and equipment

According to the "fire protection design of thermal power plant and substation
standard" (GB50229-2006) and "architectural fire standards" (GB50016-2006)
regulations, the distance between the complex building and distribution room is
greater than 10m, and the partition of control room and the adjacent room
should be firewall.

3、Material Selection for Building Structure

（1）、Construction of the main building, 33kV power distribution room and

other should use cast-in-place reinforced concrete floor. Walls, floor and
staircases / beam ground should be cement surface layer, granite floor and
floor tile ground. The windows are aluminum alloy fixed window, or rotating
window.

（2）、Door Selection

Th inner and outer decorative materials of complex buildings and 33kV power
distribution room should select the non combustible and flameresistant

In the control room, restaurant, conference room and hall entrance, the doors
should be aluminum alloy door. Garage selects the automatic upturning door,
and the rest rooms should select the solid wood door. The fence wall should
select the white paint iron grille fence walls, and the wall door should select the
electric telescopic door.

（3）、Flameresistant measures

Fire in the switch station most causes from the electrical equipments,
especially charged equipments. After wire and cable is in place, in the inner of
33kV power distribution room and complex buildings, where there is a wire or
cable passing through the floor, wall, fire clay or fire-proof bag should be used
for sealing up.

4、Fire Lane
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

Complex buildings and switch station should layout annular concrete road for
fire control. The road width should be greater than 4m and connect to the field
area roads and the city traffic trunk.

5、Analysis of switch station fire characteristics

Switch the station fire most from the electrical equipment especially is caused
by oil equipment. And the fire is difficult to be put out by water. Cart type or
portable chemical dry power fire extinguisher should be recommended for
switch station. These extinguishers can be stored for long periods, flexible and
convenient use, and does not need the professional team. The fire can be
extinguished by these equipments in a short time before the professional team
arrives .

For the important instrument rooms, the fire should not use foam or CO2 fire
extinguisher, and fire water is not favorable. Because this kind of facility could
destroy or pollute the unfire equipments. Using dry chemical fire extinguisher
can not generate fouling gas and would be good for these applciation.

6、Fire protection requirement for cable laying

（1）、Selection of cable C flameresistant crosslinked polyethylene cable. The

minimum section of selected cable should satisfy the load current and short
circuit thermal stability requirements

（2）、The places including the entrance for outside cable into the room, the
entrance for cable shaft and the cable layers between the control room and the
active floor and the cable trench into the high voltage switch cabinet or low
voltage distribution screen should take flameresistant and seperating
measures to prevent fire widespread. The fire resisting limit of the fire
prevention materials should not be less than 1hour. Cable trench should divide
the fire partition. All paint and plugging materials must be approved by the
national accreditation, and the production licenses issued by the public security
department. The product is suitable for the cable with non-combustible or
flameresistant materials, and complies with the provisions of the fire resistance
time limit.

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（3）、All holes and entrance through the walls, from floor into the control room,
control cabinet, instrument panel and protective plate at the cable hole, must
use fire blocking material tight sealing.

8、Fire Control Design of Transformer

The transformer should be arranged in a separate room. The room has not
open window, but with a fireproofing door of class 1. The ground should be
cement ground.

10.2.3.2 Fire Control Equipment Configuration

According to the the relevant provisions of "the code for design of building fire
extinguisher" (GB50140-2005), the portable ammonium phosphate dry powder
fire extinguisher should be provided in the main building rooms (inverter room,
wattless power compensation room, control room, dormitory area, restaurants
etc.).

10.2.3.3 Electrical Design for Fire Control

All electrical equipment for fire control should have double power sources
independent or double loop power supply. The power supply can automatically
switch.

10.2.4 Fire Water Supply Design

On the basis of section 8.1.2 in " the architectural fire standards"

(GB50016-2006) : The building can be provided with no fire water supply, if the
fire resistance rating is not less than class two, the volume should be no more
than 3000m3 or used for no more than 50 persons and the building has no
more than 2 floors. If complex building volume > 3000m 3 and 33kV power
distribution room volume <3000m 3, the fire water supply should be equiped in
the outside or inside of the complex buildings.

1、Fire Water Source

 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

Water shall be pumped from wells into the 12m3 high water tank in the building
for use of production and life. Another pipeline connecting to 300m 3 fire water
pool, guarantee to meet the requirements of fire water supply.

2, Multi-frequency water supply equipment, XP3.8/2*10-7.5=10L/s, H38m,

N7.5kW (Dan Beng), 2 sets ( 1+1 redundancy design).

3、Fire Water Volume Requirement

The building fire risk in this project is Class 3, and fire resistance rating is class
two. According to the "architectural fire standards" (GB50016-2006)
regulations, the indoor fire hydrant water valume is 5L/s and the outdoor fire
hydrant water volume is 25L/s. If a fire duration is 2hour, a fire hydrant system
will require water volume of 216m3.

4、Water Pool for Fire Control

Outside the water pumping house, a 300m3 reinforced concrete pool will be
arranged fire control. The top of the fire water pool should be deeper than the
bottom of the tundra layer, the side wall should cover insulation benzene plate,
and the top of pool should cover the coal clinker for antifreezing design.

5、Fire hydrant system

In order to improve the building fire facilities, the complex building should
equipe with fire hydrant system.

1）Outdoor fire hydrant system

In the complex building and the surrounding of 33kV power distribution room,
the underground fire hydrant of ring network should be provided. The
configuration should include 2 sets of SX100-1.6 fire hydrant system, water
gun bore ф19 and tap with long 50m.

2）Indoor fire hydrant system

Caliber ф19，length of tap is 25m.In complex building, the SN65 hydrant

system should be equiped in the walking road in the first and second floor. Two
sets of such system for each floor. The nozzle diameter should be ф19, and
tap should be 25m long.
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10.3 Electrical Design for Fire Control

Power supply for fire water pump is the primary load. It should be designed
with double loop power supply, and the power should be directly from the 33kV
main power distribution cabinet. The emergency power should be from the
11kV security power supply. When the main power source failure, the 11kV
security power should automaticall switch and supply power in 3 seconds.

The main evacuation channels in the control room and 33kV power distribution
room should equip with evacuation directional signs and fire lighting lamp. And
the fire lighting lamp for evacuation directional signs should use DC battery
power supply with continuous illumination 20min, and the minimum illumination
is not less than 0.5LX. All accident lamp and direction sign lamp should cover
with glass or non combustion material for protection.

10.4 Communication Design for Fire Control

In important places, such as the control room and power distribution room, the
telephone communication equipment should be provided.

10.5 Fire and smoke control design for

ventilation and air conditioning system

10.5.1 Air Ventilation System

The 33kV power distribution room, the change room, control room, dining room,
pump room, bathrooms and others should equip with a mechanical exhaust
system to strengthen the ventilation. In the kitchen and storage tanks, there
should be the local ventilation system for air ventilation.

10.5.2 Fire Prevention Design for Air Ventilation System

1, The oil reservoir should equip with separate exhaust system. The fan and
motor should select the explosion proof type; the inlet should use the
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

fireproof outlet, and the system would automatically close when the air
temperature reachs 70 degrees.

2, When the fire occurs, it should stop the operation of ventilation systems in
the relevant parts.

10.5.3 Fire Control Design for Heating System

The open flame heating is strictly prohibited. Each room should equipe with
safe and reliable electric heating with good performance of insulation.

10.5.4 Emergency ventilation system design

Emergency ventilation system are arranged to combine with the normal

ventilation system, and the exhaust system also works as the emergency
ventilation system.

The emergency ventilation system of oil reservoir is arranged in combining with

normal ventilation system, using external exhaust fan motor. Close the
ventilation system if there is fire hazard. When the confirmation of putting out
the fire, the smoke exhaust fan would start.

10.6 Monitoring System for Fire Control

On the basis of "fire protection design construction norms" (GB50016-2006)

and "fire protection design of thermal power plant and substation standard"
(GB50229-2006), the automatic fire alarm system and fire control room should
be provided. If the 33kV power distribution room is unmanned duty room, it is
advised to be equipped with automatic fire alarm device, and the smoke
detector should be line type smoke or aspirating smoke detector. For the cable
layers and cable shaft, it should adopt the linear temperature sensing, smoke
or aspirating smoke detector.

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10.7 Equipment List of Fire Control System

Table 10-3 Main Equipment List for Production Field

Fire Fighter Quantity

Item Field Name Remark
Type (Unit)
132kV step-up station and 33kV switchgear

1.1 SVG Room MF/ABC8 2

1.2 Main Transformer MF/ABC8 2

33kV Electrical
1.3 MF/ABC8 4
Distribution Room

1.4 Central Control Room MF/ABC8 4

Station Transformer
1.5 MF/ABC8 2
Room

Main Building

Electrical Distribution
2.1 MF/ABC8 1
Room

2.2 Water Pumping Room MF/ABC8 1

2.3 Restaurant Room MF/ABC8 2

2.4 Kitchen Room MF/ABC8 2

2.5 Oil Storage Room MF/ABC8 2

2.6 Tool House MF/ABC8 1

2.7 Garage MF/ABC8 3

2.8 Gasoline engine room MF/ABC8 1

2.9 Aisle MF/ABC8 4

Photovoltaic Power plant Area

Box Transformer
3.1 MF/ABC8 20
Substation

3.2 Inverter Room MF/ABC8 20

Ventilation and Fire Hydrant System

 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

2 for central room, 1 for oil

storage room, 1 for
kitchen, 1 for machine
Explosion-proof axial
4.1 BT35-11-3.15# 14 maintenance room, 1for
flow fan
gasline engine room, 5 for
garage, 3 for 33kV
electrical distribution room

10.8 Fire Control Design for Building

10.8.1 Fire Control Design for Complex Building and 33kV Electrical
Distribution Room
The oil storage and battery room building should use the firewall with fire
resitance limit of greater than 4 hours and the fireproof door with fire
resistance limit of greater than 1.2hours for fire separation. 33kV power
distribution room should use the firewall with fire resistance limit of greater
than 4hours and the fireproof door with fire resistance limit of greater than
1.2hours for fire separation.

10.8.2 Fire Control Design for Building Decoration

The decoration design of the production complex building should fully comply
with the provision in the "building internal decoration fire standards"
(GB50222-95) .

10.8.3 Fire Control Design for Construction

10.8.3.1 Site Planning of Construction Field

The temporary land occupation for the engineering construction temporary

building covers an area of about 2500m 2, and the temporary constructions
mainly include material warehouse, warehouse, temporary production and
living construction, etc.

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10.8.3.2 Fire Control Design of Construction

1, The engineering construction road should connect to the road outside the
field, and be used as a vehicle field, which can also be used as the fire lane
and emergency evacuation routes.

2, The fire control power supply should be obtained from the special 33kV
power supply for construction. The cross-sectional areas of cable / wire and
wire should be selected according to the working current and short circuit
current selection with a certain margin.

3, The house for fire control pump should use the non-combustion materials for
building and locate in a safe place. Fire control pump should adopt special
electrical distribution line from the upper end of the total circuit breaker in the
construction site, in order to ensure the reliability of power supply.

4, In material processing plant, equipment and material warehouse, auxiliary

processing plant and other in construction site, the control radius of each
outdoor fire hydrant shall be no more than 150m, and it should be equipped
with enough fire hose. In the 3M around the outdoor fire hydrant, there should
be no other lumber. For the fire water supply pipe, the diameter of water inlet
pipe should be no less than 100mm, and the fire water flow should be no less
than 15L/s.

5, The building area should be equipped with fire extinguishers, and with the
security pail for fire control, water storage tank (pool), yellow sand pool and
other facilities. Temporary wood house, oil paint house and machinery tool
house should have a suitable kind of extinguisher. The oil depots and storage
of dangerous goods should be equipped with a sufficient number of fire
extinguishers. No objects should exist around the fire control facilities, so as
not to block the passage.

6 The office, dormitory, kitchen, toilet, bathroom and other temporary facilities
should use the concrete hard bottom, brick wall, light steel roof truss,
temporary housing or active housing with profiled steel sheet roof, or container
type movable house.
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

10.9 Training for Fire Control

According to the fire regulations, the construction unit should establish fire
control organizations consciously, establish a complete organization
mechanism for fire protection, establish and implement the actual fire fighting
and emergency evacuation plan for the project, and do regular fire knowledge
training. The training includes:

1, the relevant regulations, safety institutions and safety protection rules for fire
control;

2, Fire control measures for fire hazard according to the unit and the position;

3, The using method and performance of fire control facilities;

4, Knowledge and skill for reporting fire alarm, extinguish the fire hazard at the
beginning and self rescue and escape.

5, The control room, all kinds of oil warehouse and spare parts warehouse are
listed as key protection area. New staff in the key fire control position, must be
pre fire safety training, and pass the examination for fire control and safe
production rule before work.

The following personnel should receive special training for public security and
fire control by the security and fire control institutions and pass examination:

1, the person responsible for fire safety, fire control management;

2, college, part-time fire managers;

11 Construction Organization Design

11.1 Preparation Principles

1) Strictly obey relevant law and regulations of state and local government,
relevant provision.

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2) Strictly implement national and international standard and current design

and construction regulations of Zimbabwe and the relevant regulations in safe
operation procedures and tender document. Effectively respond to
requirements of the tender document.

3) According to the actual situation of project, make careful arrangements and

possibly arrange construction sequence central on project importance.

4) Adopt paralleled flowing and balanced production and organization method,

insist on whole-process close monitoring for the project construction, use the
network technology to control the construction progress and guarantee the
realization of goal within a certain construction period.

5) Rationally allocate production factors, optimize construction plane layout,

reduce project consumption, and reduce production costs.

6) Strictly comply with safety and protection procedure and safe operation
procedure, regularly organize safety meeting, conduct safety protection
education, perfect safety management system and implement safety
responsibility system.

7) When formulating construction plan, firstly consider safe and environmental

protection measures, focus on civilized construction and take keeping smooth
traffic and not polluting the surrounding environment as prerequisite for the
construction.

8) Strictly implement ISO9001 quality standard, effectively control the

construction process, establish and perfect project quality assurance system,
perfect quality management system, establish quality control process, seize
key construction process and make the project become fine project.

9) Optimize construction organization scheme according to requirements of

local hydrogeological and meteorological conditions and construction period,
strictly control level of construction technology and management, and
reasonably allocate personnel, materials, machinery and other elements to
ensure smooth implementation of the project.
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

11.2 Construction Condition

11.2.1 Project Construction Condition

The earth surface is mainly gravel soils and the whole construction area is
covered by forests. Without karst, landslide, collapse, debris flow and other
adverse geological processes, the site enjoys good stability and foundation
uniformity, and structure is stable in the project area.

Figure 11-1 Photo of proposed station

Main materials required by this project are sand and gravel materials, cement,
steel, timber, oil plants, etc. Main building materials are guaranteed. Sand and
gravel materials can be purchased from Gweru which is 90 kilometers away
from the construction site or from sand stone factory near Munyati; cement can
be purchased from outside of Gweru which is 100 kilometres from the
construction site while steel need to be purchased form Harare, 210kilometres
from the site. Oil plants and life materials can be purchased from Kwekwe
which is only 20 kilometers from the site. If Kwekwe cannot afford or qualify, we
also can buy these things from Harare. Timber can be obtained locally, uproot
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trees can be handled on their own, and residual material can be given to the
local residents.

Construction water can be taken from the water channels, 1km away, which
flow around the construction site. Meanwhile, drill wells on the site and install
pumps to pump the under-ground water. Two ways can ensure the
construction water and maintenance of water.

Figure 11-2 The water channel nearby

Project Construction Features

1) Photovoltaic electric field sunlight intensity and the regional environment is

better. Construction maintenance is comparatively convenient.

2) With construction components numerous and concentrated, supports of

equipment and installation work in large quantity, and construction period tight,
civil project and installation shall work closely;

3) The proposed site is covered by trees which need to be removed. Need to

pave simple access road, tamp in the original foundation
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

4) The transportation is good; trucks can arrive at the construction site directly.

5) the proposedI area belongs to the tropical grassland climate, annual

average temperature is 22 ° C, high temperature around 32 ° C while low
temperature around 13 °C, the temperature is relatively constant. It has rainy
season and dry season, November to march into the rainy season, from April
to October as the dry season

11.3 Overall Planning of Construction

11.3.1 Principles of Construction Planning

Conduct overall layout for construction of photovoltaic plant in the principle of

road first, auxiliary projects followed, reasonable sequence, function division
and process cross. Construction sites mainly have step-up station and
complex building, foundation, box change foundation, in-plant power
transmission and transformation and communication grounding, etc.

Construction layout should be combined with site conditions, to facilitate the

construction and transportation. In the site be selected, there are original
simple roads can be utilized. Select and open up a space, constructing a
temporary building, as a construction office and living area. After the step-up
station electrical equipments and PV modules arrived at the scene, they can be
placed on the well-flattened temporary site. Steel foundation should be
produced in the temporary site and then be transported to the site. Because of
the good endurance of the ground, the site can be used just after be flattened.
Internal traffic just needs to make a simple clearing treatment according to the
terrain. Due to large investment, tight construction period, disperse
construction site and other features of photovoltaic plant construction, overall
construction can be arranged in the following principle to ensure reasonable
construction period:

1) Roads construction goes first, followed by the supporting projects. First

open local traffic, and then install brackets, assemblies and buried cables
according to the order of stages and sections in construction period..

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2) Arrange construction machinery in a reasonable way, fully consider load

capacity and determine scope of service of construction power supply to meet
production needs without mechanical waste.

3) General layout should combine permanent with temporary as far as possible

to save investment and reduce the cost.

4) Principles of partition scribing, to fan out from point to area and from near to
the distant: Divide the photovoltaic plant into production management area and
photovoltaic array area; and then carry out installation, debugging and
debugging of photovoltaic array area in batches. So that it can not only
promote construction efficiency, but also guarantee the photovoltaic power
plant putting into commercial operation in batches in advance.

The construction unit is required to build waste water pool for waster water
produced in construction to settle before being discharged, and to set mobile
toilet on the site to prevent sanitary sewage from being discharged.

5) From far to near, production priority. On the basis of reasonable division,

gradually extend from the center to both sides and one side, predominated by
installation of an area, to improve working efficiency and accelerate
construction.

11.3.2 Construction Electricity Scheme

Construction electricity is mainly from the nearby 33kV lines or from the 132kV
lines which is 2kilometres away from the site. Peak construction power load is
estimated to be 300kW. Therefore, a 400kVA transformer with output voltage
of 380V is considered for later plant power. Power for site construction of
foundation of support, box substation and inverter room is supplied by
diesel-oil electric generator wagon. Meanwhile, the construction electricity site
should be equipped with two 100kW diesel generators.
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

Figure 11-3 The nearby 33kV lines

On-site construction electricity facilities requirements: Provide 380V power

source on the site, conduct design, installation, operation and maintenance of
electric lines on the site according to relevant regulations and provisions,
strengthen safety management of construction power supply, mostly use
cabling for low voltage circuits led out from power distribution unit, arrange
lower level power distribution facilities in proper parts of construction area, and
provide rain-proof facilities for outdoor power distribution equipment to ensure
safety of construction power supply.

The switchboards and distributions boxes on the site shall be consistent in

form and color with obvious warning signs and identification of passing regular
inspection. Grounding system shall be up to standard. Inspection work of site
construction supply shall be done in rainy seasons in order to eliminate the
electricity hazards. Electricity consuming units take measures to conserve
electricity.

Given project amount and construction period of photovoltaic plant, at least two
parts are under simultaneous construction. Construction power supply and
load is shown in table next:

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Figure 11-4 List of construction equipment power utilization

Serial Electric power (kW)

Equipment name Type Unit Quantity
No. Stand-alone Total

1 Concrete mixer 400L Set 1 32.5 32.5

2 Mortar mixer JI-200 Set 3 2.2 6.6

Reinforcement bar
3 JJM-3 Set 1 7.5 7.5
straightening machine

Reinforcement bar
4 GQ-40 Set 1 7.5 7.5
cutting machine

Reinforcement bar
5 GJB7-40 Set 1 3 3
bending machine

6 Insertion-type vibrator ZF700 Set 5 1.5 7.5

D.C. electric welding

7 Set 1 25 25
machine

AC electric welding
8 Set 4 25 100
machine

9 Frog rammer H201D Set 2 1.5 3

Diehead threading
10 Set 1 4.5 4.5
machine

11 Air compressor Set 1 20 20

12 Fire pump Set 1 17 17

13 Electric planer flat Set 1 2.8 2.8

Total 236.9

11.3.3 Construction Water Scheme

The construction water consists of the building construction water, construction

machinery water, domestic water, etc. Consider taking water from nearby
water supply pipe network, 1km away. Dig a well if conditions are met in later
hydrogeological investigation, and build a 100m3 permanent and temporary
impounding reservoir. During the construction phase, the reservoir can provide
water for all construction units and during the operation period it can be used
as fire pool. Before the well is finished, the construction unit can pull water from
the nearby village for storage to facilitate construction.
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

11.3.4 Leveling site

The landscape of the site is forest, the surface is covered with gravel soil, and
the terrain is relatively flat. The partly smoothing project on the site is small.
After cutting down the trees, the timbers can be extracted voluntarily to be the
materials of the construction. The remaining wood can be given to local
residents.

11.3.5 Concrete system

Foundation concrete placement of this project is 18000m3. The materials can

be purchased from Gweru or Munyati or even from Harare. According to layout
of photovoltaic cell panel and site conditions, concrete system of this project is
equipped with a HZS60 mixing plant near the step-up station in the
photovoltaic array area. The equipment nameplate production capacity is
60m3 /h with a 50t bulk cement tank and a 50t flyash silo to satisfy
consumption in five days at the peak time of concrete pouring. Foundation
concrete transportation requires using the mode of machinery transportation.

11.3.6 Sand and Stone System

All project on brackets foundation and box-type transformers foundation and so

on needs gravel aggregate totally about 10000 tons, which includes coarse
aggregate about 6200 tons and fine aggregate about 4000 tons. The
purchasing area will be among Gweru, Munyati and Harare.

Aggregate should be stockpiled in accordance with the sand and gravel

aggregate amount in the peak period five days. After calculating, aggregate
and cement storage yard cover an area of approximately 1,000m2, piled high
4-5m. The aggregate storage yard uses height of 100mm C10 concrete terrace
and is equipped with height of 100mm broken stone hardcore, 0.5% drainage
slope and slope drainage ditch.

11.3.7 Mechanical Repair and Comprehensive Processing System

The project site set a mechanical repair and replacement workshop and
comprehensive process system (including steel processing plants, wood

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processing plants). For convenient of management, comprehensive process

plants are mainly arranged near the complex building, covering a total area of
500m2.

Mechanical repair and replacement workshop is mainly responsible for the

minor repair of construction machinery and build simple parts and metal
processing tasks.
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

Figure 11-5 Construction machinery list

Serial Specification
Equipment name Unit Quantity
No. & model
1 Concrete mixing plant HZS60 Set 1

2 concrete mixer truck 6m3/h Set 2

3 Concrete mixer 400L Set 1

4 Mortar mixer JI-200 Set 1

5 Water car 8000L Vehicle 1

6 The internal combustion roller 15t Vehicle 1

Reinforcement bar
7 JJM-3 Set 1
straightening machine

Reinforcement bar cutting

8 GQ-40 Set 1
machine

Reinforcement bar bending

9 GJB7-40 Set 1
machine

10 Diesel generator 100 kW Set 2

11 Backhoe excavator 1m3 Set 1

12 Insertion-type vibrator ZF700 Set 5

D.C. electric welding

13 Set 1
machine:

14 AC electric welding machine Set 4

15 Backhoe 100m3 Set 1

11.3.8 Layout of Warehouse

Warehouses required for the project are laid out near Production of the living
area, mainly including cement warehouse, wood warehouse, reinforcement
warehouse, integrated warehouse, mechanical parking area and equipment
stack yard. The cement warehouse, wood warehouse and reinforcement
warehouse are located in the concrete system and processing plants
separately. Integrated warehouse includes temporary production and living
supplies warehouse, machinery parking area considers 10 units of
construction machinery, with a total floor area of 500m2.

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11.3.9 Temporary Dormitory and Office

According to the construction characteristics of this project, temporary

dormitory and office should be set, with a total area of 500m2, in order to
speed up the construction progress at the same time to facilitate the
construction.

11.4 Construction Transportation

11.4.1 External Transportation

A 6m wide, 15m long concrete permanent road is needed in this project,

connected to the west side road of the field area and the traffic is convenient.
The width and bearing capacity of the way corner can meet the transport
requirements of photovoltaic power plant transport vehicles. Battery
component, inverter and other equipments can be delivered directly to the site
through the car. Other building materials can be directly transported to the site
with automobiles. Conduct identification in groups; protect package and
products during transportation to prevent chaos and defects for construction.

11.4.2 Internal Transportation

According to the overall layout of the construction and installation of the electric
field, it is need to build, examine and repair the roads of 10km, pavement width
is 8m(hard road is 4m). In the basis of full use of existing roads, rolling and
straightening some of the new-build roads can meet the construction
requirements. The main material is the local gravel, macadam, to match the
grade ingredients according to the need. Subgrade is crushed according to the
original pavement, surface course is paved with 30cm gravels and broken
stones as required by grading, and clay-bound pavement is formed to produce
the effect of dust fall and solidifying pavement.
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

11.5 Requisition Land

According to relevant national regulations, land acquisition costs of electric

field include: Land leasing fee, new construction land use fee, land
acquisition compensation fee, land management fees, etc. Project occupation
of land includes permanent and temporary occupation of land. Of which,
permanent occupation of land includes bracket foundation occupation of land,
box transformer foundation occupation of land, step-up station and complex
building area and so on. Temporary sites include land for temporary storage of
building materials and processing plant, temporary residential land of
constructors, temporary construction roads, land for temporary storage of
equipment and temporary land needed in construction. Because photovoltaic
cells photovoltaic farms are dense with small spacing, photovoltaic array area
will confiscate land according to the occupation of land. Other area is
calculated according to the actual land area.

Serial NO. Name of Temporary Land Area（m2）

1 Temporary accommodation and office 500

2 Storage of building materials 1000

3 Warehouse 500

4 Processing plant 500

Totally 2500

11.6 Main Project Construction

The main construction works of this project include the support foundation
construction, 33kV substation and complex building construction,
transportation and installation of equipments, in-plant power transmission
communication construction, etc.

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11.6.1 Construction Preparation

Technical Preparation

Technical preparation is the key factors to determine the quality of construction;

it is mainly the following aspects of work:

a) The investigative work;

b) The combination of design;

c) Careful preparation of construction organization design;

d) Confirmation and preparation of practical construction plans and technical

measures, preparation of construction schedule;

2) Material Preparation

a) Preparation of construction materials

b) Departments of company should organize the transportation of materials

and equipment in accordance with the sequence that equipments to the scene.

c) According to the design materials list and each small parts, small tools used
in construction process, some lists are required to be prepared such as List of
Materials Required for Construction, List of Tools Needed for Construction, List
of Security Measures Protect Tools, etc, formulating Site Construction Manual
to guide the construction. Prepare materials according to material list, consider
supply cycle, etc. for outsourced purchased parts, and prepare subscription
and contact with manufacturers in advance to avoid delaying construction
period.

3) Approach Plan of Equipments and Materials

a) Inspection of ex-factory materials

b) Equipment and materials are put in storage. The materials and equipment
storage procedures are handled by the material staff;

c) Preparation of materials and equipment;

 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

d) Inspection of entry materials

e) According to the distance of each construction site and delivery locations,

prepare delivery schedules;

f) Well prepare protection for construction materials and equipment to be put in

storage.

4) Construction Machinery Preparation

According to the determined construction methods, construction machinery,

equipment requirements and quantity, as well as the construction schedule in
the construction organization and design, prepare the demand plan of the
construction equipment, organize the implementation of demand plan of
construction equipment and ensure they can be arrived according to the
schedule.

5) Site Preparation

Set survey control network in project construction to ensure accuracy of

construction control network. Control points are semipermanent coordinate
and horizontal datum point piles. Take protective measures if necessary to
prevent damage.

6) Preparation of Construction Team

Set up the project construction management according to the determined site

management organization, and select high-quality construction work team for
the construction of this project. After entering the site, promptly transact
relevant formalities with the local labor department, the public security
departments.

The requirement of laboring as follows:

Number(Unit:
Serial NO. Category
personal*monthly)
1 Management personnel 90

2 Senior engineer 30

3 Engineer 60

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4 technicians 900

5 labors 6000

Note: the major managers and senior engineers mainly come from china while
assistants are from Zimbabwe. Engineers, technicians and labors are all from
Zimbabwe.

7) Communication Preparation

Get in touch with the local authorities to establish efficient communication

command system. The gota calling system which developed by XX can well
match the need of communication of photovoltaic power project. So this gota
system can be used.

8) Life Facilities preparation

When the project is officially started, the temporary constructed living facilities
on site shall be completed, and necessities is provided to meet the staff living
needs. Set dormitory, canteen and toilets in the site.

11.6.2 Construction of Module Bracket Foundation

Module bracket foundation construction includes excavation of foundation, pit

pouring of concrete, backfill compaction construction.

1) Foundation Excavation

a) First establish surveying control network according to coordinate control

points on the construction site, including baseline and horizontal datum point,
determine foundation axis, and then determine excavation line of foundation pit
according to the axis, and carry out setting out with lime. Carry out excavation
construction after gray line, axis are reexamined to be error free.

b) Earthwork is excavated mainly by mechanical excavation, supplemented

with artificial excavation. Excavation of foundation pit is conducted by widening
structure size of foundation by 0.3m on each side. The slope coefficient of
excavation of foundation pit is determined according to geological condition on
the site. Control elevation of foundation base in construction. Overexcavation
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

is forbidden. The excavated soil and rock shall be piled up at the location
designated by the project engineering company as required.

c) After the completion of excavation, clean up the foundationment in order that

the prospecting unit carries out foundation trench acceptance, and
construction for next working procedure can be carried on after acceptance.

d) After the completion of foundation construction, earthwork backfilling can be

conducted after that the intensity of mixed magnetic soil reaches specifications
and design requirements and the concealed project acceptance. Earthwork
stratified backfilling thickness and soil quality requirements are in accordance
with the Construction Quality Acceptance Code for Building Foundation Project.
Before backfilling foundation pit, sundries in the bottom must be cleaned first.
At the same time test backfill soil quality for each layer; and only after the
quality meets the design requirements the upper layer can be filled.

e) After foundation pit is excavated and before pouring concrete at the cushion,
foundation pit shall be protected.

2) Pit Cushion Concrete Pouring

The foundation cushion of PV modules support of this project uses concrete.

After the completion of the foundation pit excavation, foundation cushion
concrete pouring should be conducted in a timely manner to form the
protection for foundation pit. The concrete pouring is carried out after
eliminating clutter, sprinkling a small amount of water, tamping, and leveling.

3) Engineering of Rebar Steel

a) Main load-bearing rebar for bottom of foundation, top of foundation and

other parts are long rebar, and without overlap joint.

b) During rebar layout process, such as cable trunking should adopt the
method of adjusting rebar spacing for avoidance, and do not cut rebar and
damage the mechanical structure.

4) Template Engineering

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The template, mold, and nodes of different components should have sufficient
strength and rigidity to ensure to meet the requirements of size error, and the
inner surface of template and mold should be clean.

5) Concrete Pouring

Construction program of concentrated stirring in the mixing plant on site, small

dump truck, manual pouring, plug-in vibrator are used. The design drawings
and equipment drawings of supplier should be strictly checked before
foundation concrete pouring, which can be performed with correct drawings, to
ensure that the anchor bolt hole reserved is absolutely accurate. Rebar and
anchor bolts must be cleaned before pouring in order to ensure adhesion of
concrete and rebar.

Understand the weather condition before concrete construction, pouring of

concrete is inappropriate in rainy days, try to avoid winter construction.

6) Foundation Concrete Maintenance

Concrete maintenance is mainly in order to ensure that the concrete has a

certain temperature and humidity. After the foundation concrete pouring is
completed, timely cover it, and after the template is removed timely backfill for
maintenance, and the concrete needs sprinkling maintenance of 14d.

11.6.3 Solar Module and Bracket Installation

All modules in this project adopt the fixed installation; module installation is
performed after the acceptance for PV modules bracket foundation, the
installation for the PV modules is divided into two parts: Bracket installation,
module installation.

Surface of module array bracket should be smooth, and bracket surface of

fixed module must be adjusted in the same plane; each component should be
lined up and in a straight line. Module and bracket installation process is shown
in the following figure.
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

Figure 11-6 Installation workflow of module and bracket

Preparatory work Install bracket Preparatory

foundation channel work
steel

Install bracket Tightening of bracket Overall

purlin bolts adjustment for
bracket

Correct purlin and Install bracket Battery

vacancies foundation channel component in
steel place

Before installing the module, efforts should be made to inspect each module
according to the parameters of components, and the parameter values should
comply with the delivery indicators of products. General test items are: open
circuit voltage, short circuit current. Components of similar operating
parameters should be selected for the same sub-array. Components of equal
or similar rated operational current should be selected for cascading.

During installation, the module should be gently handled to prevent from hard
object scratching and glass surface impacting. Components installation
position on the bracket and terminal box arrangement should meet
construction design provisions. When the fixed surface of components doesn't
tally with the support surface, use iron gasket to level up and fasten screws. It
is strictly prohibited to make it consistent with the method of fastening
connection screws. The fixed bolts should be added with locking washer and
tightened.

Adopt cascading for cable connection of modules, tightly plug, reserve some
allowance for outgoing line.

11.6.4 Installation of Transformer

Unpack transformer to check whether the product is injured, deforms and

fractures Check against the packing list if accessories and special tools are

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complete, and installation will not start until confirmation is made according to
manufacturer technology.

Transformer is placed with truck-mounted crane through hoisting. Take safe

distance and wind speed into account for hoisting during construction. Adjust
immediately after hoisting in place. Ensure the construction safety and quality
of the installation. After the installation is complete, connect the test cable plug,
make debugging test according to the relevant test procedures of the nation.

Figure 11-7 Transformer

11.6.5 Inverter Installation

This electric station adopts container-inverter. Inverter and ventilation

equipment and related supporting electrical equipment are installed in the
inverter room. The installation of inverter is quite easy. After the construction
foundation of inverter, the crane will be used to lift the inverter to the correct
position.
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

Figure 11-8 The Installation of Inverter

11.6.6 Substation and Complex building Construction

Main Buildings Construction in Complex building

Complex building adopts frame structure, the cast-in-place reinforced concrete

roof board, the foundation uses independent foundation under column, and the
construction sequence of building as follows: Construction preparation →
foundation excavation → pouring of foundation concrete → concrete frame
columns, pouring of beam slab → masonry of wall → interior decoration and
construction of water supply and drainage systems →in house installation and
debugging for electrical equipment.

33kV Electrical Equipment Foundation Construction

33kV substation is bungalow layout, frame structure. Construction process is:

Construction preparation →foundation excavation → laying of foundation
cushion → pouring of foundation concrete → pouring of concrete frame →
pouring of concrete for floor and roof → brick wall building up→ electrical
equipment into house → interior and outdoor decoration and construction of
water supply and drainage systems.

Foundation earthwork uses mechanical excavation, with the reserved

30cm-thick original soil by manual work, after qualified inspection of foundation
subsoil, make foundation concrete pouring and underground cable conduit wall
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masonry, seal-capping and earthwork backfill; Do well all kinds of pipeline

construction and pipeline laying installation at the same time of construction,
concealed work for pipe trench has meet the pipeline arrangement and
passage.

Structure construction uses steel scaffold, floor and ceiling use all-round
scaffold for formwork erection and pouring, and vibration of concrete uses
handheld vibrator for vibration.

In the process of concrete pouring, the template, bracket, embedded parts and
reserved holes should be observed, and deformation, displacement should be
dealt with in a timely manner to ensure the quality. For pouring of beams and
slabs combined with columns, wait for 1 to 1.5 hours after the pouring of
column, and then continue the pouring. Within 12 hours after completion of
pouring, the maintenance of concrete should be made, and shall not be
trampled or installed template and support before its strength meets the
regulations,

11.6.7 In-site Transmission and Transformation Construction

In-site power transmission and transformation system construction includes

the field box transformer substation foundation construction, the laying of high
and low voltage cables, high and low voltage construction, overhead line
construction, electric field grounding construction, and equipment
communication construction.

On foundation construction, box transformer substation foundation

construction and cable trench excavation can be conducted simultaneously.
Laying of high and low voltage cables, communication lines, grounding shall be
before backfill of foundation. After the power cable and communication cable is
installed through fan foundation, foundation soil backfilling can be conducted;
At the same time efforts can be made to carry on box transformer substation
basic cable in and out of the foundation, installation of box transformer
substation and cable backfill. After laying of cables is completed, connect
power cables and communication cables, and test.
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

11.7 Overall Construction Progress

11.7.1 Target of Construction Progress

According to the current level and experience of design and construction and
the ordering situation for main equipment, the complex building and
photovoltaic array foundation starts to construct early, and the construction
machinery is required to meet the requirements of two project construction.
The planned construction period for this project is 12 months. The overall
target of construction period: All photovoltaic power plant equipment
installation and debugging is completed, all the photovoltaic arrays are
combined to the grid.

11.7.2 Design Principles

According to the construction characteristics and economic conditions of

photovoltaic power plant, make the plan in principle for construction progress
of main project of photovoltaic power plant; provide the basis for project
construction bidding and equipment bidding, specifies the basic direction for
preparation of construction organization design. Construction progress design
principles are as follows:

1) Early construction of production building and PV modules brackets

foundation project

Because the construction period for this project is 12 months, in order to

produce economic benefits as soon as possible, according to the
characteristics of split delivery of PV modules, and that the time from power
plant civil construction to completion of all equipment installation and
debugging is short, the auxiliary projects should be in reasonable order and
given priority to construction, so that every part of PV modules can be
debugging after the installation, to ensure the continuity of project. Therefore,
production building and PV modules brackets foundation construction shall be
conducted fist.

2) Construction of other construction items

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Under the premise of ensuring the above mentioned, the construction of other
project projects such as warehouses, temporary subsidiary building and
concrete foundation can be carried out simultaneously. Other parts of the
project can be operated with flow process in order to speed up the progress,
guarantee construction period.

11.7.3 Construction Preparation Period

Construction preparation period is since the first month of construction period,

about 15 days for the time limit. In construction preparation period mainly
complete water, electricity, site levelling and the construction of temporary
housing and other facilities, and after preparatory construction is completed,
carry on every related subentry project construction.

Construction Progress Chart

Figure 11-9 Progress chart for project construction

Notes: This progress chart for construction is showed above; the schedule of
this project will be adjusted according to the contract. The progress chart for
construction will be drafted in details during the development of the
construction.
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

12 Engineering Management Design

12.1 Engineering Management Model

To fully utilize human and management resources, achieve specialized,

standardized and modernized engineering construction management, and
enhance the overall operating management level and economic benefits of this
project, the construction unit shall implement a comprehensive engineering
construction management. During the operation period, the entire photovoltaic
power plant shall be managed integrally, staff shall be minimized, and
management efficiency shall be improved.

12.1.1 Composition of Engineering Construction Management

During the construction period, the solar power project shall set up a project
company according to the project objectives, management content and
management depth of the project. The project company is planned to comprise
five departments: the departments of planning, general management,
equipment management, engineering management and finance audit, with a
total of 10 people. These compositions employ a system of linear functions,
co-ordination division and clear responsibilities and carry out various tasks in
project management. The primary authority and responsibilities of the project
department are:

Responsible for consulting and reporting to the government and relevant

departments;

Responsible for coordinating the construction safety, quality, schedule and

cost control of the project;

Responsible for the signing and performance of the contract;

Responsible for coordinating, organizing project bidding, contract negotiation,

contract signing work;

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Responsible for raising fund for the project construction, and timely disbursing
the project funds to the contractor according to the construction contract;
responsible for production preparation;

Responsible for the final accounts, final acceptance and evaluation of the
project, as well as the project operation, loan repayment and demolition tasks
after the photovoltaic power plant is put into operation.

Personnel of the project company and specific department responsibilities are

shown next:
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

Table 12-1 Composition of construction management and responsibilities

Position Job Functions

Fully implement the management responsibilities on behalf of

the project company; responsible for inside and outside
General Manager (1)
coordination and management of the entire project; manage
project operation, finance and public relations.

Assist the General Manager to manage the project and the

Vice General Manager (1)
project company.

Manage and control the construction period, cost,

procurement, bidding and contract management of the
Responsibilities
project, responsible for scope management of the project;
issue fund disbursement scheme.

Preside over the department. Responsible for tendering,

Planning
Officer (1) contract negotiation, review of project costs and bill of
Department
quantities; review fund disbursement management.
(2)
Responsible for development, adjustment and control of the
Plan contract,
plan; formulate the cost clearing and fund disbursement plan;
cost
responsible for procurement and tendering management,
management (1)
contract management, contract execution, breach of contract
(L person)
and dispute resolution.

Responsible for human resources management,

communication (information) management, risk management,
Responsibilities integration management of the project company; company
standardization, public relations, political and corporate
culture construction.
General
Responsible for secretarial and reception work, assisting
Management Information
human resources manager to do various file management
Department (1) management
and information management tasks. Responsible for the
Human
personnel investigation, dismissal, labor deployment, payroll
Resources
management, personnel dossier management, labor contract,
Management
labor insurance, labor protection, social insurance, employee
（1）
education, training and so on within permission.

Involved in equipment procurement plan establishment,

equipment and material tendering, the execution of equipment
Management
Responsibilities and material procurement contract; expedite equipment and
Department (1)
material supplies cooperating with the Project Management
Equipment
Department.

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Participate in equipment selection, equipment tendering and

Electrical contract negotiations; propose phased payment plan
Equipment according to the contract; verify delivery; propose a
Supervisor (1) supervision and expediting plan according to the contract and
on-site situation; organize transportation for bulky equipment.

Responsible for design, construction and commissioning of

project; implementation of schedule, cost, and quality / safety
Responsibilities
plan; implement information feedback to the relevant
departments.

Preside over the overall tasks of the department; review the

organization design and construction program; responsible for
the progress process, quality and safety of the construction;
Officer（1） coordinate relations between all construction units,
monitoring, designing, commissioning, equipment
Engineering manufacturers and so on; responsible for assisting to compile
Management the tender technical agreement in accordance with the plan.

Department（2） Responsible for civil engineering and general layout

management; control interfaces between specialties;
coordinate the progress of the contractor and control the
critical path; regularly submit progress reports; feedback
Civil engineering factors that affect progress, quality and safety and make
(1) adjustment suggestions. Responsible for the review of
construction plan, supervision and inspection of availability of
the professional equipment; regularly submit progress reports;
feedback factors that affect progress, quality and safety and
make adjustment suggestions.

Responsible for budgets of the project department; funds,

Responsibilities
assets and finance management; corporate audits.

Preside over the department; review the financial budgets and

funds disbursement programs. Responsible for corporate
Finance Director and audits; Preparation of expense budget of project

Audit Accountant (1) management; Register financial books according to the

Department（2） certificates; Responsible for the account management of

collection and payment services.

Responsible for cash and the bank's clearing businesses;

Cashier（1） voucher for reimbursement; distribution of wage, bonus and
other expenses.
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

12.1.2 Composition of Engineering Operation Management

According to the operational needs of solar power plant, combined with

operating features of modern solar power plant, after the construction period
the project company function of solar power plant shall be transferred into
project operation; the project construction personnel and new supplementary
personnel are in charge of the project operation management, and establish a
solar power plant operation company. The company is responsible for the
operation, routine maintenance and regular maintenance of the solar power
plant; overhaul of the plant, cleaning of the battery pack, repair and
maintenance of paint on the steel frame for battery component, green
conservation, hygiene keeping and so on. These work are done outsourced, to
reduce management costs and improve economic efficiency.

After the electrical and mechanical equipments of the solar power plant
(including the 33kV substation) enter a steady operation period, the 33kV
substation will follow an "unattended, few people on duty" approach to carry
out management.

The establishment and staffing of agencies is combined with the engineering

features. Operation Company comprises four departments, Technical
Department, Logistics Department, Finance Department and Operation and
Maintenance Department, with the total of 15 people.

The solar power plant has a general manager, who is responsible for the
overall management and production of the plant; there are eight employees in
Operation and Maintenance Department, mainly responsible for component
inspection, routine maintenance and duty, etc., in a two-shift system; the
Technical Department has two staff responsible for the department related
work; Finance Department has two employees responsible for the daily
financial expenditure and material procurement, etc.; there are two people in
Logistics Department responsible for food, sanitation, greenery, reception,
labor safety and so on during the two periods of works.

Table 12-2 Composition of operation management

Level Decision-making System Command Execution System

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Technical Department (2)

Operation Department(8)

Management
Organizational Finance Department(2)
Chart

General Manager (1)

Logistics Department(2)
responsible for labor safety
and industrial hygiene at the
same time

12.2 Main Management Facilities

According to the characteristics and layout of the solar power plant, the entire
solar power plant is divided into two large areas: production area and
management area.

Production area includes the battery unit and the inverter room. The
management area contains management offices and meeting rooms to meet
the management requirements of production on site, and is equipped with
proper amount of rest and activity space to facilitate the production staff’s lives.

12.2.1 Main Production Equipment Management

1) Power Generation Equipment

Fixed solar array (including photovoltaic modules, photovoltaic bracket and

infrastructure);

Power transformer and distribution equipment: DC combiner box, DC power

distribution cabinet, AC power distribution cabinet, inverter, transformer and
other distribution equipments.
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

2) Monitoring and communication equipment.

Power transformer and distribution monitoring equipments, photovoltaic power

monitoring equipments and communication equipment.

12.2.2 Main Auxiliary Production Facilities Management

Fire protection system equipment, auxiliary production buildings (fire pool,

power distribution room, etc.) and complex buildings (office, conference room,
reception room, dormitory, canteen, etc.)

12.2.3 Landscape Management within the Plant

As the photovoltaic power site is usually located in grass areas, it is easy to do

the greening. It requires greening facilities and sand-binding arbor-shrub-grass
areas around the buildings in the management area in order to improve the
environment in the photovoltaic power plant, and to weaken the wind speed
and block sand blown by the wind through layers of protection measures.
Greening management and regular watering are necessary in the plant.

12.2.4 Station Power and Backup Supply

The station-service power is drawn from the station transformer, with nearby
33kV utility grid or the 2-kilometre-away 132kV grid as the main power source
and the internal power as a backup power supply.

12.3 Engineering Management Measures

12.3.1 Target Control

1) Schedule Control: ensure reasonable construction sequence, appropriate

bridging relationship, balanced and systematical construction, planned
duration, and completion of the contract period ahead of time.

2) Quality control: ensure that all projects meet the requirements of quality
inspection evaluation standards, ensure the quality of technical and
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organizational measures and the quality level, and ensure the realization of the
target level of contract quality.

3) Cost control: implementation of the cost reduction measures in construction

organizational designing to reduce direct cost of each sub-project; achieve the
cost goals made by the project manager and achieve the profit targets and the
contract cost.

4) Safety control: implementation of the safety design and measures in

construction organizational designing; control workers, labor means and the
subject of labor, control environment, achieve security objectives, and ensure
security of people's behavior and the physical state of objects, and sever
environmental hazards.

12.3.2 Contract Management

Due to the fact that construction project management is carried out in the
market condition and is the management of special trading activities and such
trading activities begin with the bidding and last for the entire process of the
project management, contract must be signed according to law and performed
according to the contract. The quality of contract management is directly
related to the technical and economic effectiveness and the goal achievements
of the project management and construction. So the establishment and
fulfillment of contract shall be strengthened from the bidding period. Since
contract management is an activity of law enforcement and obedience,
combined with the fact that the market is divided into domestic and
international markets, the contract management is bound to involve the
relevant national and international regulations, contract versions and contract
conditions, which shall be paid close attention to in contract management. In
order to achieve economic efficiency, improving claims is necessary, methods
and techniques shall be emphasized, and sufficient evidence shall be
provided.

12.3.3 Information Management

Modernized management relies on information. Construction Project

management is a complex modernized management activity and relies on a lot
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

of information and the management of information. At the same time,

information management also relies on the assistance of computers, therefore,
the construction project management and target control shall be implemented.
Dynamic management must rely on information management and be assisted
by computers. Information collection and storage shall be paid attention to, so
that the experience and lessons of this project can be recorded and retained to
promote future project management. So carefully recording and summarizing,
and creating a file management system is very important.

12.3.4 Regular Maintenance Management

Equipment maintenance is one of the important tasks of operation and

management. Equipment maintenance is an important measure to improve the
intact rate of equipment and to ensure safe operation. The overhaul shall follow
the principle that necessary maintenance must be timely completed and must
be able to transfer the equipment into good condition, so as to provide reliable
protection for the new safe power generation. For maintenance time, refer to
the maintenance requirements listed in the device user manual. Spare parts
ordering, internal and external production, technical cooperation and other
preparatory work shall be done before the maintenance.

During the implementation of regular maintenance, condition-based equipment

maintenance shall be applied. Condition-based maintenance is an advanced
maintenance management method which can effectively overcome equipment
over-repair or disrepair caused by regular maintenance and can improve safety
and availability of the equipments. According to the status information provided
by advanced condition monitoring and diagnostic technology, equipment
abnormalities can be recognized, equipment failure can be predicted,
maintenance can be made before a failure occurs, namely, the maintenance
plan shall be designed and implemented according to operation status of the
device. State detection is the basis of condition-based maintenance, and the
effective management and scientific application of the test results is a
guarantee for the achievement of condition-based maintenance. During the
implementation of the condition-based maintenance, ensuring safe operation
of equipment shall be the first principle and then the maintenance of device
condition shall be enhanced.

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12.3.5 Personnel Training Management

In order to ensure the normal operation of the solar power plant, management
and technique personnel shall be properly trained before the plant is delivered
and accepted. The purpose of the training is to form a group of skilled
operation and maintenance staff for the solar power system to ensure the daily
system operation and maintenance, fault elimination, data storage in
communication system, etc., and ensure full play of product functions and
normal operation. Theoretical issues and on-site practical training approaches
are applied.

Table 12-3 Chart of Training Courses

Numbers of
Duration
Training courses training Training site
(days)
people
Product introduction 3 30 to100 local

Construction training 3 30 to100 local

Operation and maintenance training 3 30 to100 local

Management training 3 30 to100 local

Test 0.5 Everyone local

12.3.6 Solar Module Maintenance Management

Solar modules are installed in an outdoor environment; a large amount of dust

will accumulate on the surface of solar modules after a long period, thus
reducing the power generation efficiency of modules. To improve the efficiency
of power generation, power plant components shall be regularly inspected,
periodically maintained and frequently cleaned. The PV modules shall be
regularly cleaned (three times a month) and be promptly cleaned after
inclement weather. The components should be kept dry after cleaning each
time. The steel bracket of battery pack shall be painted once every five years.
The remaining steel components shall be painted once every three years.

There’re following methods for cleaning module, namely manual cleaning,

compressed air flow blowing, high pressure water cleaning as well as
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

automatic dust removal equipment. Considering the construction area is in a

good greening situation, manual cleaning is recommended.

Figure 12-1 Manual cleaning picture

12.3.7 Solar Station Removal and Clean-up

After 25 years, the owner can go on operate or remove this solar power plant.
If deciding remove, the owner is responsible for recycling and reusing of the
components of the solar power plant as well as the dismantling of all buildings
and underlying structures.

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13 Environment Protection and Soil &

Water Conservation Design

13.1 Environment Protection Design

13.1.1 Main Impact on Environment

1、Land Occupation

Permanent, temporary occupation of industrial land will change the original

land usage type. During the operation period, permanent area can not be used
as other industrial sites. After construction period, the temporary land can be
recovered by nature.

2、Impact on Vegetation

During project construction period, part of local plants would be destroyed. The
transportation vehicles and working construction machine would damage the
plants. After project starting, the green rating can be higly increased, thus the
environment of boosting station can be recovered to normal staus.

3、Impact on Soil

The hardness and permeability will be changed under trample of workers and
construction machine which will impact the mechanical and physical properties
of soil.

Improper dealing with domestic sewage and garbage will pollute the soil.

The main pollutions and emission in the project construction period and
operation period refer to table 13-1
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

Table 13-1 Main Pollution and Emission During Project Construction and
Operation Period

13.1.1.1 E
n Concentration and Emission
Content
v Emission Source Pollution Type yield before Concentration

i Process (unit) and Yield (Unit)

Type
r
Construction Period:
o construction vehicles, TSP Small Amount Small Amount
nAir excavation
Polluion
m Operation Period: No
e Emission

n Construction Period:
COD、
t Sewage, Small Amount Small Amount
Water BOD5、SS
a Construction waste water
Pollution
l COD、
Operation Period:Sewage 285t/a Small Amount
BOD5、SS

I Construction Period: Solid Construction

Small Amount Transported to
waste, etc Garbage
m
Solid the designated
pWaste Operation Period:
garbage
Production and living Garbage 5.4t/a
a disposals
garbage
c
t Analysis and Design during Construction Period

During construction, the main impact on the environment is construction dust,

noise and construction of temporary land. After project construction completed,
these influence only exists in permanent occupation area. In other types of
land, impacts only exist in construction period, and the scope of influence and
duration is short.

1、Analysis of air environmental impact

During construction, it requires the excavation of supporting basis, cable trench,

new road, site preparation, etc, relating to the excavation and filling work. In
the process of construction, dust will produce a short time impact on the air
environment. If in the windy season and with high wind speed, the dust would

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be huge in the site and surrounding areas, especially locating under the
direction of wind. There will be severe pollution in ambient air TSP.

In addition, the mechanical exhaust would have a negative impact on the local
environment air in the construction. After finishing the construction, these
effects will disappear and will not have a big impact on the environment.

Through the above analysis, air pollution is mainly dust pollution during the
construction period. So in the construction period, strict measures must be
taken into consideration and followed, such as:

Construction measures

Foundation excavation must be neatly stacked, and carried out by the artificial
surface film pressure. Temporary land can not be arbitrarily occupied.
Excavation and lifting shall share the same land occupation with reasonable
arrangement.

Reinforce the construction management, build a good construction

organization design, do scientific planning and rational arrangement of
construction schedule and take detailed construction measures to minimize the
temporary project land occupation, shorten the use time of temporary land and
restore the original function of the land in a timely after the construction.

As far as possible to shorten the exposed time of the loose ground, do

reasonable arrangement of construction time and try to avoid construction
during the wind and rain period.

According to the construction schedule, rationably arrange the material

transportation of the gravel, cement, etc. The materials should be timely pulled
into the field and for construction as soon as possible, to avoid the gravel and
cement causing dust pollution in windy weather.

Construction machinery and personnel should work in accordance with the

general construction layout and not arbitrarily occupy land. Construction
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

machinery, stone and other building materials shall not be arbitrarily placed to
prevent the destruction of vegetation and soil erosion. Construction machinery
must run in accordance with the construction route to avoid increasing the land
occupation. Reasonable arrangement shall also be taken to reduce the travel
timesimes of vehicles.

⑵、Construction management measures in gale weather,

Take the hardening measures on construction road surface. In windy weather,

the number of appropriate watering should be increased. Construction should
make full use of the existing pavement, to control the vehicle rolling effect and
reduce dust pollution fundamentally.

For the stack of materials easy to lose, mainly cement, sand and gravel and
other raw materials, the management measures shall be reinforced. The
windbreaks shall be set around the materials. The roof shall be added. And
reasonable arrangements for the stacking position shall be consided. If
necessary, shelter such as the shed cloth, shall be added to cover on the
stacking surface to reduce material loss caused by wind and reduce the dust.

It is strictly prohibited to carry out the dusting construction in the windy weather
conditions.

After taking these measures, it can effectively reduce the influence of dust on
the environment.

2、Analysis of the influence on sound environment

Construction noise can be divided into mechanical noise, construction noise

and construction noise of vehicles. Mechanical noise is mainly caused by the
construction machinery, such as excavating machinery, piling machinery,
normally belonged to multi-point noise source. Construction noise mainly
refers to some sporadic banging, loading and unloading the vehicle crash and
removing template crash, normally belonged to loss noise. The noise of
construction vehicles belongs to the traffic noise. In these construction noise
impacts on the acoustic environment, the mechanical noise is the largest.

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The propogation distance of the mechanical noise in the open area can range
up to 200m. Therefore, in the construction operation, reasonable
arrangements for all kinds of construction working must be taken to reduce the
impact of these noises on the surrounding environment. At the same time, the
noise control in different construction stage shall be done according to the
"construction site noise limits" (GB12523-90).

In order to reduce the influence of noise on the original sound environment

during the construction period, it shall take the following measures: Arrange
the construction schedule reasonably, try to shorten the construction time and
avoid long time operation.

Using the advanced construction equipment with low noise.

3、Analysis of impact on water environmental

In the construction period, the main wastewater is the production and domestic
wastewater. Production wastewater is generated by concrete transport
vehicles, construction machinery, machinery repair, and washing the car
maintenance, but the total is small. In the process of construction, the absolute
quantity of production of wastewater is very small, and period is not continuous.
The water pollution factor is less, mainly for the suspended particles. The
locally produced small amounts of wastewater that can not be reused, wound
not formed in surface runoff flow after surface evaporation and infiltration loss.
Therefore, during the construction, the production of wastewater does not
adversely impact the groundwater and river.

4、Analysis of ecological environment influence

Excavation support foundation, box type substation foundation and road

construction will cause some damage to soil, vegetation, under construction
should minimize the ecological destruction of vegetation, the construction
should be carried out according to the following principles and measures:
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

The project design, reasonable planning, the project of land reaches the
minimum degree. Road construction do not arbitrarily to both sides to expand.
Take the hardening measures on construction, road surface, avoid the road
surface caused by erosion due to rainfall.

The base as soon as possible, after excavation, pouring concrete, and timely
backfill, rolling surface, shorten the exposed time, reduce dust emission.

The smooth and repair of construction land shall be taken timly during the
construction period and after the construction. Measures for soil and water
conservation shall be taken to avoid new soil erosion.

Finally, strengthen personnel management to enhance the awareness of

environmental protection during the construction.

13.1.2 Design and analysis of environmental impact during

operation period

1、Analysis of air environmental impact

In winter, it should consider the use of ground source heat pump for heating
and partial use of electric heating int the complex building and boost station.
Therefore, the photovoltaic power plant construction would not increase the
pollution in air environment in the region, the environmental air quality remains
at the original level.

2、Analysis of the influence on water environment

Living sewage will be disposed with centralized treatment after septic tank in
field until reaching the class III standards in "integrated wastewater discharge
standard" (GB8978-1996) and used for green production in living area. This
does not have a negative impact on the water environment.

3、Analysis of sound environmental impact

The noise of this project is relatively single, mainly for the operation and
personnel living noise. No noise pollution.

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Step-up station electromagnetic noise belongs to the low frequency noise. The
noise value is very low. And the outside electromagnetic noise in 1 meter away
from the step-up station basically meets the type II standards in "the factory
boundary noise emission standard" (GB12348-2008) i.

4、Analysis of solid waste influence

After the project construction and puting into operation, the solid waste is
mainly the life garbage. And the quantity is less. After being collected in the
fixed place and the uniform dispose in designated garbage field, the waste
would have no adverse effects on the environment.

5、The analysis of oil pollution influence

Step-up station is equipped with concrete emergency oil pool. The upper is
sealing and complies with anti-seepage requirement. When the main
transformer faults, all the oil and water mixture in pit will be piped to accident oil
pool by accident discharge pipe. The accident oil would be recycled by the
recycling company, no discharge. No adverse effects will be on the
environment.

6、The analysis of light pollution influence

According to research data, long time working and living in the the environment
with white light pollution, the retina and iris of people are subject to varying
degrees of damage, a sharp decline in visual acuity, and up to 45% cataract
incidence rate; also the dizzy upset, or even insomnia, decreased appetite,
mood depressed, body fatigue and other similar neurasthenic symptoms.

The project uses the solar photovoltaic panels as the energy collection device.
Because the photovoltaic assembly has a reflective certain, in the process of
absorbing solar energy, there will be some reflection and refraction of sunlight.
This will cause some light pollution on the people around or building. In order to
improve the conversion efficiency of the solar cell, reducing the light reflection
is an important technology in solar cell production. In order to reduce the
reflection of the solar cell, the surface will be deal with the suede processing
technology or by plating antireflection coating technology. Solar cells using the
above technique can make the reflectivity of incident light to be reduced to
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

within 10%. If the use of plating two layers of anti reflection film or suede
processing and reflecting film is used at the same time, the reflectance of
incident light will be reduced to below 4%.

The light pollution will influence the road and traffic. Planting tree on both sides
of the road in post construction period should reduce the impact on the
pedestrian.

Reflection ratio on different ground conditions is shown in table 13-2

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Table 13-2 Reflection ration on different ground condition

Ground Reflection Ground Reflection Ground Reflection

Type Ratio Type Ratio Type Ratio
Light
Snow cover 70~85 Pale Grass 25 colored hard 35
soil

Deciduous Hard dark

Sandy Land 25~40 33~38 15
ground colored soil

Green Cement
16~27 Soft Ground 12~20 30~40
Grass floor

（7）Environment impact on Project

The project locates in the area with average annual sandstorm days of 115d/a.
The sandstorm weather is cloudy atmosphere. Then the atmospheric
transparency would be greatly reduced, which has certain influence on the
photovoltaic power generation. The annual maximum wind speed is 28m/s in
Tumushuke region. And the anti-wind ability of the solar module arrays can
fully meet the safety requirements.

The ambient temperature range of the selected inverter is -20 ℃ ~+40 ℃.

The working temperature range of solar photovoltaic module is -40 ℃
~+85 ℃. The operating temperature of solar module can be controlled within
the allowable range. And the inverter will be installed inside. Its working
temperature can be controlled within the allowable range. The local
meteorological temperature conditions would not affect the safety of solar
module and inverter.
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

13.1.3 Conclusion and Suggestion of Environment Protection

Design

13.1.3.1 Conclution

1, this project belongs to the encouraged project list of “the catalogue for the
guidance of industrial structure adjustment ". It complies with the national
industrial policy requirements.

2, strict control of construction process and construction route and well

arrangement of spraying work in the roads and construction field in
construction period shall be done to prevent the emergence of large dust
pollution.

3, The construction units should strictly implement the sewage desposing

measures and impervious work well with septic tank to avoid groundwater
environment pollution.

4, The garbage should be collected in the fixed-point. The enclosed work of

garbage collection station should be done to prevent large garbage flying
caused by the field wind. Avoid the adverse effects on the surrounding
environment of the landscape.

5, The waste oil shall not be spilled optionally in the field. The seepage-poof
and fire protection maintenance work of accident oil should be done well to
avoid the bad impact on the environment.

6, The excavated soil shall be stored separately as backfill soil in the latter part
of the construction. Good ecological vegetation should be restored after the
construction.

13.1.3.2 Suggestions

1, the project construction units should strengthen the supervision of the

construction unit to ensure that the relevant requirements in the construction of
the implementation should be carried out to avoid local ecological destruction
of water and soil erosion caused by the undermanding construction
management.
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2, Strengthen the management of sewage facilities operation to ensure that the

effectively centralized sewage disposing and avoid the life sewage infiltration
and polluting groundwater environment caused by mismanagement.

3, Road planning should be done in the construction field to avoid the

destruction of vegetation by vehicles at random driving.

4, Strengthen the greening in step-up station area with low shrubs and
herbaceous plants.

5, Strengthen environmental protection education and improve the

management level to avoid the oil spills, oil drip and oil throw phenomenon
during the construction and operation period.

13.1.4 Environment Protection Design

According to the report of the environmental protection measures and

countermeasures, compared to the similar industry, work of the project's
environmental protection is shown in the table 13-3

Table 13-3 Investment Estimation for Environment Protection

Project Control Measures

Road Greening Restore the original vegetation

Production Area and

Shrubs planting, planting grass
Living Area Greening

restore the vegetation

to restore the original vegetation around the basic and gravel
around foundation

Dust Control Sprinkler, transport vehicles tarpaulin

Total
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

13.2 Design of Water and Soil Conservation

13.2.1 Types of Soil and Water Loss and Current Situation

According to the analysis of the natural environment conditions, current

situation of soil erosion and soil erosion, the reasons for the forces and erosion
form, the main erosion mode is the wind erosion and water erosion.

1, wind erosion

Wind erosion occuring should have two conditions: the first is that the wind
speed should be greater than that can blow the sand dust; the second is the
bare surface, dry and low vegetation coverage, to provide source of sand by
wind erosion. The region of site locating mainly consists of the fine sand layer
and gravel layer composed of breccias. This surface covers with certain
vegetation. Topsoil consists of soil, sand and gravel mixture with loose and dry
soil as the main composition. Gravel layer is a good bearing layer and
substratum, where the foundation will be placed.

2, Water Erosion

Soil erosion intensity depends on the rainfall volume, rainfall intensity,

underlying surface and terrain conditions. From the project area landform,
geological, meteorological, vegetation situation, there are no large hydraulic
erosion conditions. But in some geomorphic conditions, such as the natural
gully region may form water erosion.

Site terrain is relatively flat, and the site area micro topography and landforms
change little, which will be good for project.

13.2.2 Prediction of Water and Solid Erosion

The prediction of water and soil erosion for this project includes all the
perturbations in the surface region, engineering and extruding surface area
including the excavation, backfilling and occupying, but not including the
undisturbed surface area for the project land acquisition.

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This project belongs to the construction project, generally requires the

prediction of soil and water loss in construction period. But after the end of
engineering disturbance, if taking no measures, the bare areas caused by
project construction will still have various soil erosion in short term. So the
prediction period will include the construction period and the natural restoration
period for soil and water loss.

The natural restoration period means the duration that the vegetation of the
soft and bare surface will gradually stabilize and restore without taking any
measures of soil and water conservation after the completion of the project.
According to the natural environmental conditions in project area, the natural
restoration period is normally determined to be 1 years. After 1 years of
recovery period, surface disturbance will restore the original state.

13.2.3 Control Measures for Water and Soil Erosion

Generally, the control measures of soil and water conservation include four
types: engineering measures, temporary measures, plants and management
measures. The detailed information is shown below:

1, engineering measures: the earth adaptation and smooth should adhere to

the combination of early and late in the construction process of site formation,
to eliminate duplication of digging and filling. For the building of the temporary
road and permanent road, as far as possible the use of waste soil in
construction avoids the dispersed construction waste soil piling up at random,
which would cause local soil erosion. After excavation, the disturbance area
with surface compaction gravel coverage is feasible dispose mode.

2, plant measures

After construction is finished, seeding shall be taken to restore the original

grass vegetation coverage of temporary occupied land and do greening in the
step-up station, production and living area.

3, the Provisional Measures

Mainly means using dustproof net with gravel cover to shield the surface and
sprinkler control to reduce raising dust in the construction site and road.
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

4, management measures

The the soil erosion damage in project area is not serious, mainly because the
area covers with a certain amount of vegetation and artifical disturbance is less.
In engineering construction, surface material and structure is damaged, if
taking no effective measures, there will have a certain degree of wind erosion.
Trying to control the scope of disturbance is an effective way and experience to
reduce surface disturbance and destruction.

13.2.4 Responsibility Scope and Control Division of Soil and Water

Loss Prevention

13.2.4.1 Scope of Water and Soil Erosion Prevention Liability

On the basis of the relevant provisions of the "technical specification for

development and construction project water and soil conservation ", the
responsibility scope of project water and soil loss preventing comprises two
parts, including the project construction area and directly influence area. The
project construction area refers to the scope of the land of project construction,
occupancy, rental and jurisdiction. The direct influence area refers to the
potential area with the water and soil loss and damage cansed by the project
construction but outside the construction area. According to the characteristics
of photovoltaic power plant construction, and combining with the potential
scope of water and soil erosion in the process of its construction, the project
construction area and direct influence area of the scope of soil and water loss
prevention responsibility for this project can be confirmed.

Appendix A 11-2.4.1.1 Confirmation of project construction area

The project construction area refers to the land leasing, land occupation and
jurisdiction scope of development and construction projects, which is area with
damage and disturbance directly caused by project construction. The project
construction area consists of two areas including the photovoltaic field and
construction production and living area.

1, the photovoltaic field zone: includes the area of pv support base area, box
type substation and inverter room, approach road, area for permanent repair

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road, temporary path covering, cable trench covering and overhead lines
covering.

2, production and living area: the construction production and living area is
mainly provided with temporary accommodation, materials yard, mechanical
park field and integrated processing factory. Operation production and living
areas is provided with office buildings, warehouse, etc. in the vicinity of the
construction production and living area.

Appendix B Confirmation of The Direct Influence Area

Direct influence area refers to the area outside the construction area, but with
soil and water loss and damage caused by development activities. Although
this region does not belong to the scope of land requisition, it still belongs to
the scope of wat er and soil loss prevention and control of construction units.

Referring to the influence range of similar project and according to the climate
characteristics of the project area, the construction direct influence area is
mainly considered as the zone where would be mainly affected by the
construction activities of photovoltaic field area and the construction production
and living area. In operation period, the direct influence area mainly considers
the production and living area.

1, the photovoltaic field:

Support direct influence area ranges on the basis cover and external
expansion of 0.5m. Box type substation direct influence area ranges on the
basic foundation and external expansion of 2m consideration. During the
period of construction, the direct influence area of construction personnel and
vehicles may directly affect the 2m wide area outside both sides of the road.
The maintenance road is located in the middle of the construction road
maintenance construction with no direct influence area;

Because the cable channel construction belongs to linear construction with

less construction machinery, and thesoil strength is weak, the direct influence
area range on both sides of the line with the extension of 1m. The direct
influence area of tower considers the pole base and an external extention of
1m.
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

2, production and living area:

The direct influence area of construction production and living areas refers to
the area of outside the boundary with an expanding of 3m consideration. The
direct influence area of operation production and living area refers to the area
of outside the wall boundary with an expanding of 2m.

13.2.4.2 Area Division of Water and Soil Erosion Control

Prevention and control area of soil erosion in the project area is divided into the
photovoltaic array control area and the construction of production life
prevention area. The key control period is the construction period.

The disturbance types in photovoltaic array control zone are the digging and
backfilling. And the erosion mode is mainly in the form of wind erosion of
excavation face and temporary pile of soil in construction period. The
disturbance types in construction production and living zone is mainly the
surface erosion damage. The wind erosion mode is mainly in the form of failure
surface, temporary pile of soil.

13.2.5 Prevention Measures of Area Division

During the period of construction, the original surface in directly influence the
area will be disturbed to some extent, but the degree of disturbance is lighter,
less disturbance frequency. The vegetation and soil structure can maintain the
original level. After the completion of the project construction and a year of
natural recovery period, the land surface in direct influence area can be
restored to its natural state. Therefore, the prevention measures of area
division are mainly in the implementation of the project construction area.

13.2.5.1 PV Array Area

In this area, the excavation and filling disturbance would destroy the native
landscape and native vegetation, and the soil structure would change. In
construction period, the erosion mode is mainly the wind erosion. So this area
is key area for prevention and control of soil erosion.

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1, Measures of soil and water conservation for support foundation:

The construction method of main project in this area includes the foundation
excavation, concrete pouring, earthwork base backfill and compaction. The
new measures of soil and water conservation includes the engineering
measures, temporary measures, management measures.

Engineering measures: After backfilling the foundation, the cover with gravel
will be able to play a better role in resisting wind erosion.

Provisional measures: the excavation of basis earthwork in construction period

will temporarily be piled up under the direction of the wind scope for
management. The loose soil will be vulnerable to wind erosion and raise dust if
the temporary soil pileup with improper protective measures. Therefore, the
scheme adopts the temporary natural stable slope stacking mode for soil
pileup, taking the dustproof net cover in stack field surface periphery, and
covering the net surface with gravel stones. In order to save cost, repeatable
using dustproof net will be recommended according to the construction
sequence.

Management measures: the temporary soil mound caused by foundation

excavation shall be piled up with temporary natural stable slope stacking mode,
and the stacking height shall be below 0.5m. The slag formation must take
timely smooth formation and the temporary stacking compacting on the soil
surface. The construction organization should design closely, and well arrange
the construction procedure of excavation and backfill foundation to minimize
the soil stacking period from excavation to backfill.

2, Soil and water conservation measures for box type substation foundation:

The construction method of main project in this area includes the foundation
excavation, pouring of box type substation foundation, earthwork backfill, tamp
and box type substation. The new adding measures of soil and water
conservation include engineering measures, temporary measures,
management measures.
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

Engineering measures: after the backfill of the basis for the box type substation,
covering the surface with gravel to prevent soil erosion.

Provisional measures: Earthwork excavation of foundation for box type

substation will be temporarily piled up under the direction of the scope of wind
for management. The temporary soil pileup if stacking with improper protective
measures, loose soil will be vulnerable to wind erosion and raise dust.
Therefore, using the dust-proof net covering in the soil mound field periphery
and using natural stable slope pile for temporary soil pileup to prevent the soil
and water loss.

Management measures: the temporary soil mound caused by foundation

excavation shall be piled up with temporary natural stable slope stacking mode,
and the stacking height shall be below 0.5m. The slag formation must take
timely smooth formation and the temporary stacking compacting on the soil
surface. The construction organization should design closely, and well arrange
the construction procedure of excavation and backfill foundation to minimize
the soil stacking period from excavation to backfill.

3, Temperary measures of soil and water conservation for construction road :

The main engineering design push rolling road, the new prevention measures
of soil and water conservation include engineering measures, temporary
measures, management measures.

Engineering measures: covering the surface with gravel will play a better role
in preventing wind erosion.

Provisional measures: compared with the similar engineering, the disturbance

surface of road during construction is susceptible to wind erosion to raise dust
around. Therefore, road for construction should be timely sprinkler protection in
the use process. The watering scheme should consider every day watering
time, and watering period is considered as the 100 day.

Management measures: cover the road with gravel according to the width
provisions and do timely watering. Adopt the strict management and control of
the vehicle and heavy machinery work scope. All vehicles using the "-" type
operations method to reduce the range of disturbance, preserve the original

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surface, effectively control the additional soil erosion, protect and restore the
ecological environment in this area.

4, Soil and water conservation measures for cable trench:

The construction method of the main project in this area includes the
foundation excavation, backfilling and tamping the earth cable burying. The
prevention measures of new soil and water conservation include the temporary
measures and management measures.

Provisional measures: Earthwork excavation of foundation for box type

substation will be temporarily piled up under the direction of the scope of wind
for management. The temporary soil pileup if stacking with improper protective
measures, loose soil will be vulnerable to wind erosion and raise dust.
Therefore, using the dust-proof net covering in the soil mound field periphery
and using natural stable slope pile for temporary soil pileup to prevent the soil
and water loss.

Management measures: the temporary soil mound caused by foundation

excavation shall be piled up with temporary natural stable slope stacking mode,
and the stacking height shall be below 0.5m. The slag formation must take
timely smooth formation and the temporary stacking compacting on the soil
surface. The construction organization should design closely, and well arrange
the construction procedure of excavation and backfill foundation to minimize
the soil stacking period from excavation to backfill.

7, Soil and water conservation measures for tower foundation:

The construction method of main project in this area includes foundation

excavation, backfilling and tamping of earth pole burying. The prevention
measures of new soil and water conservation include temporary measures,
and management measures.

Provisional measures: Earthwork excavation of foundation for box type

substation will be temporarily piled up under the direction of the scope of wind
for management. The temporary soil pileup if stacking with improper protective
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

measures, loose soil will be vulnerable to wind erosion and raise dust.
Therefore, using the dust-proof net covering in the soil mound field periphery
and using natural stable slope pile for temporary soil pileup to prevent the soil
and water loss.

Management measures: the temporary soil mound caused by foundation

excavation shall be piled up with temporary natural stable slope stacking mode,
and the stacking height shall be below 0.5m. The slag formation must take
timely smooth formation and the temporary stacking compacting on the soil
surface. The construction organization should design closely, and well arrange
the construction procedure of excavation and backfill foundation to minimize
the soil stacking period from excavation to backfill

13.2.5.2 Construction Production and Living Areas

The construction method of main project in this area includes the site leveling
before construction and site clean-up after construction. During construction,
the prevention measures of new adding soil and water conservation are the
provisional measures. Referring to similar engineering, the effect of taking
watering treatment in this stage is obvious, and the watering period in
construction period is considered as the 100 day.

After the completion of the project, the construction unit should cleaning,
collecting and pulling the solid waste to the designated garbage station for
dispose. The surface buildings should be classified after the dismantlement, or
buried (such as the waste soil), or pull away (such as plate etc.). The the
surface of the site all after cleaning and 1 years of natural recovery period, can
be restored to the original state.

13.2.6 Analysis and Evaluation of Soil and Water Conservation for

the Main Engineering

The project has such features including many types, large earthwork
excavation and filling amount. It is a large and complicated construction project.
Therefore, reasonable selections for project land occupation, general layout of
construction, construction organization, construction method and so on, are
not only conducive to economic, efficient and convenient construction, but also
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good fro reducing the maintenance road, cable trench excavation earthwork
and construction disturbance on original landforms and vegetation area, to
reduce man-made soil erosion.

1, Design the rules for soil and water conservation based on the development
and construction of project. The field does not exist in the ecological fragile
zone of debris flow, collapse and landslide prone areas, danger zone, fixed
and semi fixed dune zone. There is no serious soil erosion and ecological
deterioration of the region in the site area without limiting factor of soil and
water conservation.

2, The general layout design of the main engineering normally use the modular
design, new technology, building integrated layout, strictly control the land
occupation of the road and other means to reduce engineering disturbed
surface area, to better protect the original landform of the field and avoid large
disturbance surface to reduce soil erosion.

3, From the analysis of surface disturbance, earthwork, land use and other
aspects in the construction, the scheme is designed to control the soil erosion.
During project construction, the large foundation excavation, backfilling and
topography disturbance are main causes of soil and water loss.

4, In the process of construction, the temporary protection measures should be

detailed and clear, to prevent water and soil loss in construction.

Therefore, from the perspective of the soil and water conservation to do

analysis on the selection of project site location without limiting factors of soil
and water conservation, the of soil and water conservation design of the main
part of the project is feasible, and can effectively reduce the additional soil
erosion caused by the engineering construction.

13.2.7 Water and Soil Conservation Design

The project will have certain impact on the ecological environment, but
these influences can be reduced through strengthening the management
and the implementation of environmental protection measures. And the
temporary damage can be restored or minimized. Therefore, the project
construction in the environment of the project area is acceptable.
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

14 Labor Safety and Industrial

Hygiene

14.1 Design Standard

14.1.1 National Related Laws and Regulations

1、Article No.28 of The President of the People's Republic of China “Labor Law
of the People's Republic of China”(1994)

2、《Article No.60 of The President of the People's Republic of China “Electric

Power Law of the People's Republic of China”(1995)

3、《Article No.70 of The President of the People's Republic of China “ Law of

the PRC on safe Production” (2002)

4、Article No.393 of Decree of the state council of the People's Republic of

China “Construction engineering safety production management
regulations”(2003)

5、Article No.6 of The President of the People's Republic of China “Fire

Prevention Law of the People's Republic of China”(2008)

14.1.2 Main Regulation、Procedure and Standard of Design

1、”Industrial Noise Control Design Specification”（GBJ87-1985）

2、”Safety Rules for Lifting Appliances“ (GB6067-1985)

3、”Industrial Noise Measurement Specification”（GBJ122-1988）

4、”Health Standard

Of Microwave Radiation in Workplaces “（GB 10436-1989）

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5、”3 ~ 110 kv high-voltage power distribution equipment design specifications”

（GB50060-1992）

6、”Safety Regulation of the Railway. Road Transportation in the Industry and

EnterpriseFactory”（GB4387-1994）

7 、 ”Power Supply and Distribution System Design Specifications”

（GB50052-1995）

8、Power Facilities Seismic Design Code”（GB50260-1996）

9、”Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Labor Safety and Industrial

Hygiene Design Specification”（DL5061-1996）

10、”Machinery Safety Avoid Extrusion, the Minimum Distance between Human

Body Each Location”（GB 12265.3-1997）

11、”The Safe Distance of Mechanical Safety to Prevent Upper Reach the

Danger Zone”（GB 12265.1-1997）

12、Over Voltage Protection and Insulation Coordination of Ac electrical

Devices”（DL/T620-1997）

13、”Grounding for AC Electrical Installations”（DL/T621-1997）

14、”Automatic Fire Alarm System Design Specifications”（GB50116-1998）

15、”The General Production Equipment Safety and Hygiene Requirements”

（GB5083-1999）

16、”Design Code for Lightning Protection of Buildings“ “GB50057-1994 2000

Version”

17、”Machinery Safety To Prevent theSafe Distance of Lower Limb Reach the

Danger Zone”（GBT 12265.2-2000）

18、Architectural Lighting Design Standards”（GB/T50033-2001）

19、”Earthquake Resistant Design Code”（GB50011-2010）

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20、”Hygienic Standards for the Design of Industrial Enterprises”（GBZ1-2010）

21 、 《 ”Building Water Supply and Drainage Design Specifications”

（GB50015-2003）

22 、 ”Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning Design Specification”

（GB50019-2003）

23 、 ”Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering High-voltage Power

Distribution Equipment Design Specifications”（SL311-2004）

24、”Building Lighting Design Standard”（GB50034-2004）

25、”Construction Engineering Safety Production Management Regulations”

(Decree of the State Council ,Article 393,2004)

26、”Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings“ (GB50016-2006）

27 、 ”High Voltage Power Distribution Equipment Design Specification”

（DL/T5352-2006）

28、；”Relay Protection and Safety Automatic Device Technology Procedures”

(GB/T14285-2006）

29、Prevent Electrostatic Guide General Accident”（GB12158-2006）

30、”Step-up station Layout Design Technical Regulation”（DL/T5056-2007）

31、”Code for Acceptance and Inspection of Fire Extinguisher Disposition”

（GB50444-2008）

32、”Industrial Building Anticorrosion Design Specification”（GB50046-2008）

33、”Safety Color”（GB2893-2008）

34、”Low Voltage Limit Value (ELV)” （GB/T3805-2008）

35、”Guide Safety Sign and its Use”（GB2894-2008

36 、 ”To Prevent Electric Power Production Major Accident 25 Counter

Measures and Key Requirements” (Guodian, 2002-138)

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37、”Safety Production License”( The 397th order of the state council)

38、”Production Safety Accident Report and the Investigation and Handling

Rules” (The 493th order of the state council)

39、。”State Grid Corporation Grid 18 Major Anti-accident Measures (On a Trial

Basis”( Guodian ,[2005]400)

14.1.3 Design Principle

According to enacted policy, following the people-oriented, safety first,

prevention policy

Combine the actual engineering with design, adopting the advanced technical
measures and reliable prevention method, take comprehensive prevention and
treatment measures for the high voltage, inflammable, explosive, fire, dust,
sewage, electromagnetic radiation, noise, corrosion, machinery injury and so
on, to ensure satisfying the requirements of labor security and industry hygiene
after engineering construction, guaranteeing the health and safety of the labors
in manufacturing process.

14.1.4 Design Task and Purpose of the Labor Safety and Industry
Hygiene

In photovoltaic power plant design, should follow people-oriented, safety

production, prevention policy, enforce labor protection, improve labor
conditions, reduce accidents and personal injury, guarantee photovoltaic
power plant construction and the health and security of the labors in
manufacturing process.

During implementation, there are dangers mainly including shock, mechanical

injury, burning, noise, falling objects hit, foundation pit collapse, high
temperature, cold and so on. To ensure the healthy and safe manufacturing
requirements of the working staff, accidental duty persons should be specified,
make various implementing prevention measures, strictly executing the
implementation safety technical requirements. To prevent the above accidents,
the following measures should be suggested:
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

The owner of the project should choose the experienced professional

construction team to construct, check the engineering periodically, expel the
potential safety hazard in time.

Engineering contractor should make detailed safety manufacturing

management regulation; educate the working staff with safety manufacturing
knowledge. Appoint appropriate number of safety examiners, check and deal
with the circumstances whether the personnel follow the safety manufacturing
management regulations and the abnormal incidents.

To guarantee the personnel health, heatstroke prevention work shall be done

in summer construction, necessary cold-proof measures should be taken in
winter construction.

Personnel should follow the safety manufacturing management regulations

strictly, if any safety hazards are discovered, cope with them in time.

The supervisor unite should examine whether construction unite follow the
design to construct at any time, whether to take the safety prevention
measures and rectify the problems in construction.

2、After the photovoltaic been put into production, the danger of fire mainly
comes from storage combustible medium, material facilities or place, like the
possibility of fire caused by transformer, oil storage warehouse; the
transformer and valve battery have potential explosive hazards. To reduce the
above dangerous risks, the below measures should be taken in design.

The minimum intervals between all main production structures, concrete

structures and manufacturing devices of this project should be less than the
current regulation of the “ Structure Design Fire Prevention”, to keep safety fire
prevention distance.

Limit the storage quantity of the dangerous goods, inflammable and explosive
goods, do not over-storage, and do not even mixed storage with other goods,
require putting them in the special warehouse.

Building and structure design, strictly follow the current fire prevention design
code of the country and execute, make fire protection design. In design, make

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safety measures like the fire protection, anti-explosion and so on, in the design
of boost station road designs, meet the fire protection and staff evacuation
requirements. Set enough fire hydrant and water faucet in boost station.

The cable should choose flame-retardant cable, examine the cable quality
before implementation to avoid the fire accident caused by cable quality.

Adopt explosive fans in distribution ventilation room.

In workplace, nearby of all main structures should have more than 4m ring fire
escape.

14.2 Engineering Safety and Industry Hygiene

Hazard Factor Analysis

14.2.1 Constructing Period Hazard Factor Analysis

1、Potential hazard factors in electricity homework: no leakage protection, no

certificate operation, equipment electricity leakage, arc light, wearing no
protections in welding work, line damage, take no protective measures, line
insulation damage, equipment power supply discrepancy, the thunderstorm
days discharge

2、Potential hazard factors in low temperature construction: lower temperature

will cause the construction inconvenience, such as when concrete pouring ,the
low temperature will cause cold damage to the concrete and affect the safety
of concrete construction. Meanwhile, low temperature might bring cold injury to
the working staff.

3、Thunderstorm temperature has the potential hazard factors: lightning will

cause lightning stroke fire danger, always along with harsh weather like gale,
rainstorm or hail and so on, gale blow down the houses, pull up the
tree( sometimes split by thunders) and so on, which might cause person injury
and equipment damage.
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

4、In boost station construction, it might cause fire danger because of more
than enough oil.

14.2.2 Trial Operation Hazard Factor Analysis

In trial operation, misoperation and disqualification of main equipments will

cause fire, explosion, lightning stroke, mechanical injury factors and so on.
High voltage device area has lighting, noise, vibration, electromagnetic
radiation factors and so on.

1、High ,low voltage electric devices like Cables, inverter, box transformer
substation and boost station and so on might cause electric shock ,fire and
explosion injuries.

2、Battery might cause the poisonous gas, fire and explosion damages.

3、This project adopt solar panels as the energy power collector devices, as the
photovoltaic module has certain light reflection, when absorbing the solar
power, it will reflect, refract solar light , might produce certain light pollution to
the surrounding people and structures.

4、Peak temperature rise of part of the electric device shells and steel
structures might cause scald injuries.

14.3 Labor Safety and Industry Hygiene Design

14.3.1 Labor Safety and Industry Hygiene Design in Construction

1、During construction, the construction unite must comply with the regulations
that safety facilities in new, reconstruct and expansion projects of
manufacture management unit ,must be comply with the safety regulations of
constructing ,designing, implementing, putting into production and using with
main engineering.

2、The construction unit should strictly follow “Construction Engineering Safety

Manufacturing Management Regulation: (Decree of State Council, 1st,
Feb.2004 executed), manage the safety production reinforcement of the

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design unit, construction unit, supervision unit, census the related qualification,
condition and extents, specify safety production duties, make corresponding
implementation safety management solution and emergency solution.

3、Devices and materials adopted in engineering design should conform to

related labor safety and industrial hygiene standards of national current
regulations

4、During construction, reinforce the management of construction supervision

and construction unit qualification, arrange construction progress
appropriately.

5、During electric work, make corresponding prevention measures, forbidden

violating operation like one switch with more machines and so on, change the
lines when damaged in time, set safety signs in related dangerous places
where are easily shocked by electric. Safety sign makes, geometric figure and
color should conform to requirements of “ Safety Sign”(GB2894-1996)

6、In low temperature, construction workers should prepare cold-proof work,

Safety of concrete construction in low temperature , cement should be high
activity, larger hydrogen heat type, should choose silicate and normal silicate
cement. Concrete in low temperature construction generally adopt cement
intensity not less than 32.5R, cement amount should be 300kg/m3 at least.

7、Prepare for the thunderstorm weather prevention work actively. 1. Adopt

lightning rod to prevent from direct lightning. 2. Prevent the damages from
inductive thunder to power lines, transmission cables , elevated antennas and
high layer conductor wire building, install carborundum valve type arrester or
metal oxide oxidizer ( such as zinc oxide); meanwhile, reinforce personnel
management, forbid outside going in harsh weather and so on, to prevent
personnel accidents.

8、To avoid workplace fire, forbid dangerous factors like smoking, open fires in
places where are prone to fires in construction.
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14.3.2 Labor Safety and Industrial Hygiene Design in Trial Period

14.3.2.1 Fire Prevention and anti-explosion

1、Engineering fire prevention design

Engineer fire prevention adopts comprehensive prevention fire fighting

technical measures, fire fighting system is integrate designed from aspects
of fire proofing, monitoring, alarms, control, evacuation, fire extinguishment,
accidents, ventilation, life savings. All working place design forbids the
open fire warming method.

Photovoltaic power plant structure fire prevention design meet the current
related fire prevention design criteria requirements, all its components
reach Grade I, II fire resistance level. Detail implementation solution can be
referred in Chapter 8 Fire Fighting Design.

2、Engineering anti-explosion security design

Main transformer should have decompression devices, decompression

layer avoids inspection operation section, to prevent the fault protective
equipment failure which leads to personnel injury by release interior
pressure through decompression device.

3、Anti-static design

Ventilation device and pipe should be grounded, earthling resistance of the

anti-static earthling devices should be less than 30 Ohms. Lightning rods
should be forbidden in structures or equipments in step-up stations, and
they should be protected by independent lightning rod, and adopt
anti-response thunder and anti-static measures.

14.3.2.2 Anti-electric injury

1、All electric devices which might be electric impaired be grounding reliably,

engineering grounding network design satisfy the requirements of related
regulations and standards.

2、Adopt lightning belt or lightning rods to protect the building roofs, devices
and so on which might suffer from thunder shock.

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3、Electric security pure distance of distribution equipments should comply with

“3-110KV high-voltage power distribution equipment design
specifications”(GB500b0-92). When the security pure distance from naked
conductor to ground can’t satisfy the regulations, the protective level should
have no less than IP2X protective net.

4、Step-up station should have grounding net, the grounding resistance,

contact potential and step potential should conform to “ Grounding for AC
electrical installations”（DL/T621-1997）,to make sure the personal security of
devices and operators.

5、Devices which might bring electric shock or injury accident to people by

disoperation or the circuits which have electric chain units or mechanic chain
units should be taken other protective measures.

6、All high voltage switch cabinets should have five prevention functions.

(1) Prevent split and close isolating switch with loads

(2) Prevent miss split and miss close breaker.

(3) Prevent earth wire with electric and close grounding switch

（4）Prevent earth wire with isolation switch and breaker

（5） Prevent strayed into gap with electric

7、Portable working lamp for overhaul, should conform to” Low voltage limit
value (ELV) “ LGBT3805-2008）

8、Peak temperature rise of electric device shell and steel structure in normal
working , should be no more than 30K for the frequently contact part of the
operators ,and be no more than 40K for the less frequently contact part of the
operators, no more than 65K for the no contact parts, and it should have
obvious safety signs.

9、Electric manipulations should strictly follow” Two Tickets” system, prevent

the accidents of breaking rules.
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

14.3.2.3 Prevent mechanic injury, anti-fall injury

1、Mechanic devices security protective distance, protective cover, shield and

devices themselves should comply with “The general production equipment
safety and hygiene requirements”（GB5083-1999）,” The safe distance of
mechanical safety to prevent upper reach the danger zone”
(GB12265.1-1997),” Machinery safety Avoid extrusion, the minimum distance
between human body each location “GBT12265.2-2000

2、Structure roof should have parapet (wall),to protect workers falling down by
accident. Exterior stairway, should consider protecting falling down by accident,
set protective barriers and handrails to adopt anti-skid facilities.

14.3.2.4 Anti-noise and anti-vibration

Power plant adopts the overall central monitoring solution based on computers,
sets image supervision control system, therefore, the main duty sections of
duty persons are placed in central control room. Combined with the project
characteristics, according to the “ Industrial noise control design specification”
（GBJ87-1985）,the noise limits within 60dB.

1 、 To ensure the noise limits within specified values in working place,

manufactures of inverter, transformers and so on with noise and vibration
source should provide equipments comply with national noise standards,
vibration standards. Air conditioners with indoor noise value less than 60dB in
working places like central control room should adopt necessary vibration
isolation, vibration attenuation methods.

2、Equipped with earphones, sound insulation equipments and so on for the

working staff

14.3.2.5 Temperature and humid control

1. Ventilation AC design

Install air conditioner for the central control, telecommunication room and duty
room and so on, adopt mechanic air exhaust in other working places, to

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guarantee the normal operation and comfortable working environment of all

type working places.

2、Heating design

Adopt central heating method, satisfying related requirements.

14.3.2.6 Lighting

Make full use of nature light in working places like central control rooms
and so on, when the light is insufficient; take artificial lighting as
supplement, set accident lighting except normal working lighting. According
to the related regulations of lighting design standard, select appropriate
lamps for all layers in complex building, arrange the lighting source
scientifically, the luminance, light should all satisfy” Building lighting design
standard” （ GB50034-2004 ） and “Architecture lighting design
standards”( GBT50033-2001) requirements

To reduce the reflection, lessen lighting pollution; adopt suede technique or

antireflection coating technique on the surface of the solar cells to reduce
the lighting pollution to minimum.

14.3.2.7 Anti-dust, anti-pollution, anti-corrosion, anti-poison

1、Ground in switch cabinet room adopt hard, no dust materials (high standard
concrete and water stone), central control room, telecommunication room
adopt air antenna floor, clean with vacuum device; Ventilation inlet of the
mechanic ventilation system should be outside with cleaner air and should be
upper side of the air outlet.

2、According to “Industry enterprise design hygiene standards” (GBZ1-2002),

sanitary sewage are disposed in septic-tank.

3 、 Complex building should have accidental ventilation, detoxication

measures according to fire fighting design principle.

4、Supporting members, water pipes, air pipes and oil pipes of devices should
have economical and reasonable anti-corrosion methods according to different
environment, anti-corrosion disposal crafts like rust-proof, painting rust,
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

galvanization or spraying plastics and so on should conform to national current

related regulations and standards.

5、Materials’’ toxicity and radiation should conform to the regulations of the

national related hygiene standard.

14.3.2.8 Anti-electromagnetic radiation

In touchable microwave radiation working places, the radiation protection for

the workers should meet related regulations of “workplaces that microwave
radiation health standards”(GB10436-1989), take radiation protection
measures, and choose satisfactory products.

14.3.2.9 Anti-gale, sand dust storm prevention, snow disaster prevention

1、When choosing solar panels, inverters, transmission lines and auxiliary

devices, should fully consider working status of those devices in disaster
weather like low temperature, super strong wind load and sand dust storm,
snow ice.

2、Fully consider the wind load while designing solar cell supports, consider
frozen earth problems when doing device civil work and construction.

3、After the gale, sand dust storm, snow ice , organize the dust and snow ice
clearance of the solar modules as fast as possible.

4、Indoor working places where people always stay or equipment rooms where
should have freeze-proof requirements should have heating systems

5、Outside main generating power device protective level should meet the
requirements of sand dust storm prevention.

6、 After construction, conduct environment greening as fast as possible, plant

trees and grasses, prevent water and soil loss and sand and dust affections to
the working environment.

7、Prepare gale, sand dust storm, snow disaster accident emergency solution.

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14.3.2.10 Safety color and safety sign

Make color adjustment designs in working places, it’s good to enhance

recognition awareness, concentration, reduce eyesight fatigue, good to adjust
personnel’s working mood, improve their working activity, to reach the purpose
of improve production efficiency, decrease accident ratio.

According to National Standard “Safety Sign”(GB2894-1996) and “Safety

Color”(GB2893-2008) regulations, make full use of color(forbid, danger),
yellow(warning, notice),green( pass, safe)colors to pass the safe information
safety colors, thus people can quickly discover or discern the safety signs, get
warnings in time, prevent the accidents and dangers. Safety colors and signs
can be put in the places in the below table. 14-1

Table 14-1 Safety color and safety sign places and types

Safety
Sign Name Set the Place Sign Content
Color

Prohibitory 1. Inlet of cables, the room entrance of oil Forbid fire and
Red
Sign system smoking

Watch out electric

1.Protective bar of electric devices
shock

2. Device shell or structure with more than Watch out high

65℃ temperature temperature
Warning
Yellow
Sign 3. Protective barrier around the hoist hole Watch out falling off

Watch out mechanic

4. Repair room entrance
injury

5. Main traffic approches Watch out traffic

Fire hydrant

1. Firefighting facilities Extinguisher

Diretional
Green Firefighting water bag
Sign
Safety channel,
2. Security evacuation channel
emergency door
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

14.4 Safety and Security Organization Setting,

Personnel Allocation and Management
System

14.4.1 Safety and Hygiene Management Institution and Special

Facility Set

Security hygiene management institution must be unified consider the

photovoltaic power plant operational management organization institution.
After construction, set safety hygiene management insitituion , responsible of
labor safety and industry hygiene

14.4.2 Production Safety Supervision System

In order to supervise the implementation of rules and regulations relating to the

production safety, anti-accident measures and the relevant production safety
instructions from a superior, check illegal operations. This power plant should
be combined with the actual situation to establish supervisory system for
production safety. Production safety supervision system should establish
production safety supervision content, safety supervision personnel authority
and professional standards, safety supervision routine work, accident
investigation, accident analysis, accident prevention, safety supervision
notices and other content.

14.4.3 Fire-fighting, electrical disoperation preventing, altitude anti

falling management system

Fire-fighting and fire prevention are the focus of step-up station’s security, in
order to ensure the strict implementation of regulations, correctly use
fire-fighting equipments of step-up station, enhance staff awareness of
fire-fighting, prevent fire accidents, step-up station should formulate
fire-fighting system in detail. Fire-fighting system establishes content of
fire-fighting management, the duties and rights of fire-fighting management,
fire equipment inspection, and regular fire-fighting knowledge and skills

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trainings and so on, the specific fire-fighting management system is as

following:

Fire-fighting management personnel should be responsible for fire prevention

of the step-up station and photovoltaic field.

Fire personnel should regularly check the step-up station and photovoltaic field
area where fire hazards may exist. Report and process problems found during
the inspection.

According to the use and maintenance requirements of fire-fighting equipment,

check fire-fighting equipments regularly in the step-up station, repair damaged
equipments in time, and purchase new equipments instead of old ones to
ensure the normal use of the equipments

Train staffs who work in the step-up station regularly on fire-fighting. Training
contents include the use of fire-fighting equipment, boosting station fire
knowledge, emergency escape etc.

The electrical disoperation can cause major accidents in production and

human body injury accidents. In order to ensure the safety of personnel and
equipment, a management system should be developed to prevent electrical
disoperation, including procedures and requirements for electrical operation
and maintenance, management and training for disoperation prevention. The
electrical disoperation prevention system is as following:

1、In accordance with the national relevant regulations and industry standards,
develop electrically operated ticket system, manage electrical operations
strictly, and strengthen training for the electrical operators.

2 、 Combined with the specific circumstances of power plant, formulate

maintenance and repair ticket system for the maintenance of the electrical
equipments to prevent electric shock during the overhaul.

3、Develop staff training system, execute safety education for staff regularly,
organize staff to learn the relevant regulations of the electrical operations.
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

14.4.4 Industrial hygiene and labor protection regulations

To protect the health of operating personnel and prevent personal injury

accidents, according to relevant national laws and regulations, the project
should develop Industrial hygiene and labor protection regulations including
anti-sunstroke, anti-freeze, cooling, radiation protection, occupational
prevention, anti-poison, the special protection for women workers, labor
supplies and so on.

14.4.5 Work ticket and operation ticket management system

Work ticket system and operation ticket system are effective management
systems that can ensure power production safety, and important measures to
ensure the normal operation of photovoltaic power plant and personal safety.
For strict and efficient implementation of the work ticket and operation ticket
system, the project combined with its situation, develops detailed efficient work
tickets and operation ticket systems, strictly enforce the "two-vote" system, to
prevent the occurrence of violations.

14.4.6 Accident investigation, processing, statistics system

The project should follow the "Regulations on production safety accident report
and investigation processing" (State Council Decree No. 493rd) regulations,
establish investigation, accident reporting, accident statistic system to ensure
dispose of process accidents in time. The engineering quality
and mechanical equipment accidents should be handled by the
relevant units, to confirm the accident case permissions, close
time. The statistical accident record is recorded by computer technology, in
order to facilitate the statistics. Properly use accident statistics, summarize the
experience and lessons from it, to avoid similar accidents from happening
again, and establish a strict system of rewards and penalties at the same time

14.4.7 Other labor safety, industrial hygiene management system

In accordance with the relevant provisions of the national and local laws and
regulations, photovoltaic power plant should develop safety management
system for motor vehicles. According to the actual situation, make safety
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training system, safety of reward and punishment system, temporary worker

safety management regulations, and safe production conference
system. Make safety production system can guarantee the normal operation
of the power plant, and the personal safety and health through the
above system.

14.5 The accident emergency rescue plan

According to the "Regulations on safety production license" (State Council

Decree No. 397th) the provisions of article sixth, if the enterprise wants
to obtain a production safety license, it should have one of the conditions for
safe production: a production safety accident emergency plan, emergency
rescue organizations (or emergency rescue personnel), equipped with
necessary emergency rescue equipments.

There should be a system of emergency rescue plan for emergency accident

in power plant. The emergency plan should be in the approval by the relevant
departments before the power plant is put into operation. Emergency plan
should have a comprehensive treatment to deal with accidents that happened
when the power plant is in operation, timely response in the first time of the
accident, to take measures to prevent the accident further expanding and
timely report to the relevant leaders, before the accident is not
identified, shift operation personnel should protect the accident scene and
prevent damaging equipments except special situation (such as rescuing
workers life etc.). Power plant should establish pre-warning mechanism for
emergencies, emergency treatment and emergency rescue action plan.

14.5.1 Emergency plan goal

1、In the face of emergence, take effective emergency measures to protect

people, property well in activities.

2、Control the accident to avoid emergence worse, minimize the loss.

3、Protect Environment of station area

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4 、 Predict risks in activities, formulate emergency procedures and the

corresponding control measures, to guide the factory to learn and
apply, improve the overall response ability.

14.5.2 Emergency rescue principles

1 .The overall principle

Rescue persons first in distress, then save the state property; when fight the
beginning fire, must follow the principle: control the fire first, then put out fire,
rescue people first, the general principle after the first priorities.

2. Emergency disposal principle

(1)Evacuate of the irrelevant personnel, minimize casualties;

(2)Block up the dangerous source, prevent the second accidents and

contagion;

(3)Maintain the smooth communication, to know emergency dynamic

situations;

(4)Mobilize of the rescue force, control the developments rapidly;

(5) The correctly analyze the scene, to delineate the danger range, resolutely
decided to take emergency action;

(6) The correctly analyze risk loss, in as much as possible to reduce casualties,
organizes to save material;

(7) When handling the emergency accident, first consider the safety of
personnel, and then consider reducing property loss and environmental
pollution, according to the principle of restore production to
organize for emergency action;

(8)When in on-site rescue, not less than two people.

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14.5.3 The requirements of the emergency plan

1、According to the actual situation and the nature of the accident, type,
influence range and serious consequences level and so on to formulate
corresponding plans in scale. In order to make the plan more targeted
and applied rapidly, generally, formulate emergency plans of different types,
such as fire type, explosion type, etc..

2 、 Contingency plans with different types of a unit should form a

unified integration; Rescue force should be arranged rationally.

3、Develop emergency plan based on the actual condition of the system and
organization.

4、Make authoritative plans, all the emergency organizations should specify

responsibility and cooperate.

5、Make regular exercises and review after plans were made, according to the
actual situation ,make regular inspection and correction.

6 、 Emergency response team should take professional trainings, have

training records and archives, emergency personnel work on duty after getting
through the evaluation which confirm to take the emergency responsibility.

7、The professional team should build up and be equipped with the appropriate
equipments in usual, emergency equipments should be inspected regularly, to
ensure the performance of equipments.

14.5.4 Emergency plan program

(1) Establish emergency planning work group;

(2) Data collection;

(3)Source of danger and risk analysis;

(4) Emergency capability assessment;

(5) Emergency plan compilation

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(6) Emergency plan review and release

14.5.5 Emergency equipment

1、Telecommunication system

(1) The configuration and maintenance of the emergency telecommunication

devices should be charged by duty personnel of the photovoltaic power plant,
who are also responsible for handling the failures of communication facilities in
emergency state;

(2) In order to guarantee fast transmission of emergency information, power

plant duty room should set up emergency dedicated telephones which should
not be used in in daily work

2、Material supply system

Emergency supplies are organized, coordinated and implemented by general

manager, who to ensure emergency supply to be abundant, and can supply in
time.

3、Transportation system

Vehicles in power plant should be coordinated and organized by duty monitor,

all departments must obey the unified mobilization of the emergency command
department

4、Fire fighting system

Duty monitor of the power plant is responsible for coordinating, organization

and implementation of fire fighting equipments and personnel, obey the
mobilization of emergency emergency command department in emergency

5、Medical aid system

Photovoltaic power plant is equipped with common medical equipments

and drugs, in case of emergency, can turn to hospitals or city hospital
nearby, and obey the mobilization of emergency command department and
emergency office.

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6、Compulsory fire brigade

All staff in the power plant is compulsory fire brigade team. Should be
timely, all compulsory fire brigade members must obey the command of
emergency command department and emergency office.

14.5.6 Emergency organization responsibility

1、Formulate emergency work plans of plant, take importance emergency

measures and make schemes

2、Prepare for emergency actions, coordinate various devices and equipments

and other emergency supplies.

3、Responsible for the implementation of two level emergency action in power

plant, when one level accident happens, report to superior and organization
timely, and quickly mobilize the emergency power to
take emergency action. When emergency instructions issued from the
superior organization, actively implement all the procedures and contents
of the emergency command; organize manpower of power power and
materials to participate in t rescue activities.

4 、 Responsible for the dynamic production of power plant, when the

accident happens, make judgments timely, and take appropriate emergency
measures.

5、Responsible for the collection of daily meteorological information, report to

superior and the relevant departments about the emergency, report to the
emergency command when in the abnormal situation and immediately
notify all units to prepare for the emergency.

6 、 Responsible for drafting emergency related documents, presentations

of power plant, etc.

7 、 When level two accidents happen, notify the

surrounding enterprises, units, residents to take emergency
measures according to the specific circumstances.
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14.5.7 Emergency plan

1、Danger classification

The danger can be divided into two categories in construction and in operation
after construction of the photovoltaic power plant: one is the natural disaster
risk caused by natural hazard. Mainly
includes: snowstorms, earthquakes, floods and others, the other is
the industrial accidents risk caused by industrial accident dangers, mainly
includes: fire, explosion, poisoning, electric shock, acute infectious
disease, falling, mechanical injury, traffic accident and so on.

2、Danger level

According to the results and harms, the dangers are divided into the following
three levels, see table 13-2 for details.

3、Emergency action procedures

After discovering the dangers, people should distinguish danger levels at first,
if it is the three level danger, report to the duty monitor station
immediately (report to project ministry in the construction process), and the
duty monitor report to the general manager; if it is two level and above danger,
press the nearest fire alarm button immediately (fire or
explosion dangers), and immediately report to the duty
monitor, the monitor reported to commander in the on grid, and report to plant
leaders at the same time . If the fire, explosion, leakage danger are particularly
serious, you can directly dial 119 calls for help.

Table 14-2 Accident danger rating table

Level 3 accident Level 2 accident Level 1 accident

Category
danger danger danger

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Large area of fire out of

Small fire out of the production areas, not

Large fire, explosion,
production areas, fire involve flammable and
flammable and explosive
control facilities are in explosive devices, is
Fire and device design, there are
good condition, without not easy to control; as
Explosion casualties or injuries,
involving flammable and long as the fire happens
damage of the fire control
explosive device, easy to in production area,
facilities
save

as long as the explosion

fuel leak in small area,
the unit will not be able to Fuel leak in large area,
The explosion fuel leak in
control or difficult to (construction) will not be
Leakage small area, the unit can
control; if large area able to control
control
has fuel leak, the factory
can control (construction
project)

Someone is shocked to
Someone are
Electric Someone is electric death by electric or
electric-shocked but no
shock shocked and injured shocked to be badly
injury
injured by electric

Individuals, able to cure,

Moderate
can control the evolution Need hospital care, the Epidemic development
acute
of the epidemic scene can’t be controlled expands unceasingly,
infectious
can't control the situation
diseases

Traffic accident
There are casualties or
Traffic happened, no one was
injuries, huge economic
accidents injured
loss

24-hour rainfall from 100

24-hour rainfall from 25 to 24 hours rainfall 50 ~ 99 to 249 mm, the superior

49 mm, local 50 ~ 99 mm, mm, local 100 ~ 290 mm, has clear flood control
Flood
local has water the local water level task and requirements

reach warning line.

There are casualties or

High altitude injuries, huge economic

Falling accidents, injuries
falling loss
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14.6 Labor safety and industrial health

investment budget

The project invests 600000 RMB on labor safety and industrial health, as
shown in table 13-3.

The research design puts forward the preventive measures on possible fire,
explosion, electrical injury, mechanical injury, falling injury, collision damage
and other equipment damage accidents. As long as obeying the the national
relevant laws and regulations, technical standards, seriously implementing
various measures about security and occupation harm prevention, strictly
monitoring Construction and installation , strictly following the relevant
requirements in the regulations and standards of "safety production law"
during operation and maintenance in the engineering design, manufacturing,
operation and maintenance, it can provide safety working environment for the
staff workers, and control various risks and harmful factors within acceptable
range.

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Table 14-3 Labor safety and industrial hygiene special project investment
estimate table

Investment
No. Special project content
（USD）

Labor safety and industrial hygiene monitoring education

1 Equipment and ancillary facilities, safety and health testing station 15000

2.1 Fire prevention, explosion proof Included in the

specialized
2.2 Electrical damage prevention
2 engineering
budgetary
2.3 The mechanical damage prevention, prevent falling damage
estimate

The noise prevention and vibration prevention special regulation

3.1 8300
project

3.2 Temperature and humidity control Included in the

specialized
3.3 Lighting
engineering
3
budgetary
3.4 Anti-electromagnetic radiation
estimate

The dustproof, anti-fouling, corrosion protection, antivirus, moisture

3.5 proof 10000

4 The factory overall safety and health signs, environmental color 15000

5 Labor safety and industrial health professional protective equipment 15000

Labor safety and industrial hygiene pre-evaluation outline

6 16700
And the pre-assessment report compilation, review, revise, review

Compilation of Labor safety and hygiene preparation, examination

7 20000
and approval of project completion acceptance appraisal report

Total 100000

14.7 Existed Problems and Suggestions

1, China's solar power generation is at the stage of rapid development, safety

and health issues require further and deeply study the safety and hygiene
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

problems we facing in production and operation, and gradually strengthen

preventive work of the current safety production and operation

2, Construction units and supervision units should strictly implement the

supervision order in construction; the material should be checked the
certificates and materials before use. Material during storage, should be
classified custody, to avoid confusion, to prevent misuse, should take effective
measures to ensure the quality of construction.
After the PV power plant put into operation, operating personnel should
actively summary domestic security and management experience industrial
hygiene of the domestic built photovoltaic power plants, based on the spirit of
"people-oriented" purposes, learn foreign management models, combined with
our own development characteristics, and gradually strength the preventive
work of the current production safety and operational.

15 Energy Saving

15.1 Project Overview

Zimbabwe 100MW PV power plant demonstration project proposed in Munyati

city 10~15km in south, terrain belongs piedmont alluvial plains, close to the
city, the transportation is convenient. Supporting projects include building a
new 132kV step-up station, 33kV distribution room, complex building, repair
roads and so on, PV array generates power based on 1MWp as a square grid
sub-units, totally 100 units.

15.2 Design Principles and Basis

15.2.1 Design Principles

1, Implement the electric power construction guidelines of "safe, reliable,

advanced and applicable, in line with national conditions”. The project follow
building a conservation-oriented society and reducing energy consumption and
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meeting environment-friendly requirements, base on economic and practical,

simple system, minimal equipments, safe and reliable, efficient and
environmentally friendly, people-oriented principle.

2,By economic and technical comparison, try adopting mature technology and
reasonable process system, optimize equipment selection and configuration,
to meet the reasonable and applicable requirements. Try best to achieve the
technical solutions which are reliable and practical, innovative, material saving,
simple structure;

3, Apply advanced, mature and reliable design techniques to optimize the

layout. Make layouts of equipment compact, constructions with small size,
easy to use and maintain, short construction period, low construction cost;

4, Strictly control the power plant land targets, conserve land resources;

5, Technical and economic indicators like photovoltaic power plant water

consumption, pollutant emissions, staff number , power generation costs and
so on should reach the advanced level as possible as they can.

6, Implement water conservation principles, and actively take water-saving

measures, realize multi-purpose water use;

7, Improve the level of PV power plant integrated automation, realize whole

grid of the overall monitoring and information system, improve plant operation
safety and economy, and create conditions for the modern enterprise
management station after operation;

8, Meet national environmental policies and sustainable development

strategies, efficient, water-saving, control various pollutant emissions, cherish
limited resources. Design should meet the environmental requirements to
ensure making the PV power plant a environmentally friendly green power
generation company.

15.2.2 Design Basis

The construction and operation follow the following rational use and energy
saving design specifications of national and local major standards
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

1, “Energy Conservation Law of People's Republic of China " (2008.4);

2, “The state council's decision on strengthening energy conservation work”

(Guo Fa [2006] No. 28);

3, "Fixed asset investment project interim measures for energy saving

assessment and review” (NDRC Investment [2010] on the 6th);

4、The industrial structure adjustment guidance catalogue (2011

5 “Chinese energy-saving technology policy outline “2005 National

Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Science and Technology

6、“In hot summer and warm winter area residential building energy efficiency
design standards”（JGJ75-2003）；

7、“Public building energy efficiency design standards”（GB 50189-2005）；

8、“Building lighting design standard”（GB 50034-2004）；

9 、 “The general principles of the comprehensive energy consumption

calculation”（GB/T 2589-2008）；

10、“Enterprise energy saving calculation method”（GB/T 13234-2009）；

11、“Three small and medium asynchronous motor limited value of energy

efficiency and energy efficiency rating”（GB/T 18613-2006）；

12、“Limited value of energy efficiency and energy conservation value for

three-phase distribution transformers”（GB 20052-2006）；

13、“Limited value of energy efficiency and energy efficiency rating of power

transformer”（GB 24790-2009）；

14、“Special energy saving paper of 2007 national civil building engineering

design technical measures – Architecture”

15、“Machinery industry energy-saving design specification”（JB/J14-2003）；

16 、 “Heating ventilation and air conditioning design specification”

（GB50019-2003）。

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15.3 Energy types, quantitative analysis and

energy consumption indicators in
construction

Consumed power in the energy construction of this project is mainly electric

power, water, oil, temporary construction sites and construction materials.

1, the construction power of this project is introduced from the nearby 33kV
public utility grid for use in the construction period. Meanwhile, in the
construction site, prepare two sets of 100kW diesel generators (occupied 60%
of total amount), and the rest will use 33kV standby power (occupied 40% of
total amount) which is introduced from the nearby villages.

Water for Construction

Construction water in the project consists of structure construction water,

machinery construction water, and domestic water and so on. Consider drilling
wells for water, and set up a 100m3 temporary permanent combination
reservoir. The reservoir can provide water for the construction unit during the
construction period, and used as a fire pond in operation period. Before the
wells drilled, construction unit can transport water from nearby villages for
convenience.

3, Oil for construction

In construction phase of the project, vehicles and backup diesel generators
mainly consume diesel, some cars for management consume gasoline but with
less consumption. Fuel can be purchased nearby, consumption is about 0.18t /
d, total consumption is 66t in construction, as the consumption amount is small,
will cause less impact on the local fuel supply market.
4, Temporary land for construction
Temporary land of the project includes land for the temporary stacking
temporary construction materials, temporary dormitory, and temporary land
occupation for other purpose and so on. After calculation, temporary land
covers about 2500m2. Temporary road construction and power plants are
considered to be combined with permanent roads, do not repeat the
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

construction.
The project is located in State-owned unused wasteland with sparse
vegetation, but the surface after construction by machinery and other
man-made disturbances, is easy to form dust, and affect the environment.
Therefore, in the construction general layout design, the space utilization,
functional areas, and process optimized layout are optimized and considered
to take some protective measures in order to achieve rational distribution,
reducing the land and protecting the environment. Temporary land will have no
adverse impacts on local land resources and the environment in the long term.

5, Construction materials

The main building materials of photovoltaic power plants have abundant

sources ,can be purchased from Tumxuk.

6.Analysis of energy condition and energy consumption indicators in

construction

According to the uniform calorific value standard to make energy analysis:

Primary energy oil consumption in this project is 66t, converted into standard
coal is 97t; secondary energy power is approximately 80,000 kWh, converted
into standard coal is 30t. Total energy consumption converted into standard
coal is 127t in construction.

In summary, energy consumption indicators of photovoltaic power plant in

construction is relatively low, the local energy supply capacity and supply total
amount can meet the construction requirements, exert no big impact on the
local energy supply.

15.4 Energy type, quantity analysis and energy

consumption indicators during operation
period

Energy consumption is mainly electricity, water, oil, engineering permanent

land use during operation period.
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1, Electrical losses

Total loss of power generation equipment is 700,000 kWh / a in this project,

the loss has been deducted in the calculation of the average annual generation
capacity.

2,Energy consumption for building

Energy consumption for building in this project is the consumption of complex

buildings, inverter room, ventilation and so on. The project ventilation, water
supply, lighting energy consumption is about 100,000 kWh / a. Loss of
tansformer and electrical appliances is 60,000 kWh / a, in total, the loss is
160,000 kWh / a, which is about 65t / a after converted into standard coal .

3, water consumption

Water is consumed for personnel living, greening, firefighting in the

management and operation of the photovoltaic power plants during operation
period, the daily maximium water consumption of photovoltaic power plant is
about 12.7m3/d.

4, Fuel consumption

Fuel is consumed for transformers and maintenances of equipments in the

operation period of this project , the total amount is small, total fuel
consumption is 8t per year.

5 Engineering permanent land

This project permanent land area is 2550371.32m2.

6, Analysis of energy consumption status and energy consumption indicators

in operation time

As the annual consumption of oil is small, can be purchased from nearby, had
no effect on local fuel.

The water consumption is relatively small, has less impact on the regional
groundwater resources.
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

The project operation time will be calculate according to 25-year, primary

energy of fuel consumption is about 200t, converted into standard coal is 294t;
secondary energy electricity is 4 million kWh / a, converted into standard coal
is 1625t. Total energy consumption converted into standard coal is 1919t in
operation time.

Standard coal converted from total energy consumption in construction and

operation is 2046t. Cumulative power generation in 25-years is about ten
thousand 4008574.2 MWh.

Direct economic benefit is equivalent to 930 million U.S. dollars GDP within the
economic life of the project. According to energy consumption and economic
output in the economic life of the project, the calculated energy consumption
indicators are: according to the uniform calorific value standard to calculate is
$ 0.028t SCE / 10000 USD GDP. From the result analysis, this power plant
energy consumption indicators are far below the national standard, this project
is an energy-saving project in line with the development of national energy
policy.

In summary, energy consumption indicators of this power plant in operation

period are relatively low, and have no adverse impact on the local supply of
energy.

15.5 Main energy saving measures

15.5.1 Engineering energy saving design

1. Building energy-saving design

Building energy consumption is mainly heating, mining cold, ventilation,

lighting, energy consumption of the residential buildings in integrated
photovoltaic power plant buildings, place of the project is located in hot
summer and cold winter areas, is mainly summer cooling and winter heating
energy consumption. Building energy-savings mainly take the following
measures:
(1) In order to reduce building heat dissipation area, building shape coefficient

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should be controlled no more than 0.4.

(2) In order to reduce the heat generated by sunlight, the control window to wall
area ratio should not be more than 0.7.
(3) In order to reduce the heat generated by sunlight in roof, and the heat
transfer through the roof, transparent part of the roof should be controlled not
more than 20% of the total roof area.

(4) To reduce energy loss of mechanical ventilation, the open area of outside
window should be controlled not less than 30%.

(5) In order to reduce heat losses caused by poor air tightness of the room,
tightness of outside window should be controlled not less than 4, airtight of
glass curtain wall is not less than 3.

(6) In order to reduce indoor heat transfer, new insulation materials are
adopted for exterior walls and roof.

2. Electrical energy-saving design

(1) System Engineering

When electricity transmitted from photovoltaic power plant station to the grid,
will cause electric power loss which is power loss during the backbone network
and distribution network. Transmission power loss includes transmission line
power loss and transformer power loss. Power losses include active and
Reactive power loss ,active power loss lose with electric power, increases
energy consumption, reactive power loss will not directly cause power loss,
but increasing current to increase active power loss, thereby increase the
electric power loss.

The power plant engineering design has already considered the scale of power
plant construction, regional network planning, such as the effective number of
operating hours the situation of power plants, besides, considered the output
combined with overall size of power plant.

(2) Distribution Project

Generality: Design of the master devices should consider equipments and

spare parts, interchangeable in a certain range and for a certain period of use;
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

similar products of different manufacturers, should be interchangeable to use;

equipment selection in design phase should consider the universality of
interoperability replaced.

Economy: In accordance with the principle of maximum corporate interests,

should not pursuit advanced technology and high reliability in one side, after
comprehensive economic analysis, with a preference to the high performance
and low cost technology and equipments.

(3) Line Engineering

The station line engineering refers to the collector within the power plant.
Combined with the actual situation of the project, under the guidance of energy
saving circuit design principle, take measures from the aspects of route plan,
wire selection and insulation coordination and so on .

a) Path solution

Transmission line route selection is the key to line design, whether it is

reasonable or not is directly related to the comprehensive benefits of project
cost, quality, construction, operation safety and so on, so this project follow the
shortest path maintenance , convenient construction and maintenance
principles to design interior circuit of workplace, in order to achieve the optimal
goal.

b) Conductor selection

Combined with effective operation hours, construction scale, the local climate
and other conditions of the photovoltaic power plant, select the appropriate
wire models. Recommend 33kV voltage level.

c) Design of insulation coordination and fittings

Combined with on-site pollution source investigation, determine the

contamination level of each segment works. String insulator fittings take
equalizing, shielding and other measures to strengthen the manufacturing
process, reduce leakage, decrease the corona, and reduce losses.

d) Basic design

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Combined with geological conditions and characteristics of the photovoltaic

power plant, try the best to reduce concrete consumption under the premise of
safety requirements

(4) Other electrical parts

Optimize design reduces the footprint, saves material consumption: By

comparing a variety of layout plans, choose the best matrix layout, to save
material usage; optimize cable channel layout, to save cable lengths.

The main measures are as follows:

a) Reduce the surface potential gradient of the sub-circuit conductor, requires

smooth conductor, avoiding avoid corners in order to reduce corona loss and
save energy.

b) Energy-saving products like box-type substation, transformers and other

equipments should be selected to reduce transformer losses.

c) Effectively reduce cable usage, reduce cross-section of the conductor, while

effectively reducing cable usage, to achieve the purpose of reducing energy
losses.

d) Strictly control the construction area, reduce heating area to reduce the
corresponding energy consumption.

e) Adopt energy-saving lamps to save electricity. Design lamps rational to

reduce the number of lamps under the condition of meeting illumination
requirements

15.5.2 Raw material saving measures

The cement consumption in the project is mainly for civil engineering concrete
structures like the civil works of photovoltaic PV modules, step-up station, etc.
In order to reduce the amount of cement, comprehensively utilize resources, all
cement in the project was incorporated with water

Timbers in the project are mainly consumed for timber templates, windows,
furniture, etc, in order to reduce wood consumption, save raw materials,
 100MW Solar PV Plant Project Feasibility Study Report

protect environment, therefore, this project does not promote the use of wood,
all the templates and windows are made of steel, only a few doors and
furniture are made of wood.

To reduce damage to arable land, protect arable land resources, the project
does not adopt clay bricks.

15.5.3 Energy-saving measures in construction

The construction time of the project is long with large energy consumption. In
engineering design comparison, the preferred construction method is choosing
solution which is feasible, has advanced construction equipment (low-energy)
and the lowest indicators. In design process, the comprehensively apply
various methods to promote conservation and rational use of resources to
reasonably dispatch and arrange construction time and order in construction
progress, to reduce peak, so that to balance construction strength and reduce
energy consumption, the energy saving saving measures are mainly reflected
in the following aspects.

1, Construction energy saving measures

The key lies is to reduce energy consumption in mining and transporting

sectors, focus on the consideration of earth balance, rational planning
materials in design process, in order to achieve the purpose of reducing
energy consumption ultimately.

Select the main construction and low power consumption equipments to

reduce the power consumption in excavation of transport , land acquisition of
residue field and transportation, meanwhile , minimize the damage to the
external environment.

2, Construction energy saving measures in the factory

(1) Complex processing plant

Make full use of local resources, reduce set-scale of complex processing plant,
thereby reduce the configuration numbers of processing and machine repair
devices. Consider using the new energy-saving equipments when selection.

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(2) Sewage and wastewater treatment and emission reduction measures in

construction

Strictly follow "three simultaneous" requirements to ensure the effective

operation of wastewater treatment system in construction, strengthen
construction emission detection.

3, Energy saving measures of temporary buildings and camps in construction

Take advantages of local conditions, combined layout of buildings and

temporary facilities with workplace conditions to minimize the area, reduce the
earthwork excavation, rationally use land resources, implement land –saving
concept.

4, Energy saving management measures in construction.

Reasonably and scientifically allocate staff and living facilities, maximize the
use of energy-saving equipments, reduce operating costs, save energy and
improve efficiency. Strengthen energy saving management, establish and
improve energy saving management (including saving money, energy
consumption, cost management, energy work responsibilities, promoting
energy conservation and training, dedicated energy engineers, etc.) system.
Changes the thoughts, enhance the sense of resources, energy saving and
responsibility, to form good energy saving habits.

5, Sewage and wastewater treatments and emission reduction design in

construction

Produce waste includes construction plant (including parking) wastewater in

construction of photovoltaic power plants. Starting from the reduction,, the
treated wastewater can be reused after the recycling and achieve the
appropriate standard, discharge after reach the sewage treatment standards.
According to the engineering analysis of main pollutants in sewage and
wastewater, determine the characteristics of main pollutants in construction
period, different sewage and waste will be taken to different treatment
measures according to local conditions, set up wastewater treatment facilities
in the sewage discharger outlet, set the gutter around temporary construction
sites.
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15.5.4 Design and operation of energy-saving measures

1、Emission reduction design in operation time

Oil mainly comes from transformers in operation time, includes the oil within
ground washed wastewater generated by run, emit, drip, ground leakage of
production oil and leakage oil of repairing machines. In order to prevent oil
pollution, both control the oil source and intercept the pollution. Strengthen
management, avoid the run, emit, drip, drain of equipment and piping oil to
realize cleaner production; lay oil-absorbing substances like sawdust sinotrans
and so on on the ground , control oil pollution, burning sawdust sinotrans when
transporting them outside .Set the main transformer oil pit under the main
transformer, and set the overall emergency oil pool, recycled by specialized
units. Oily wastewater collection can entrust specialized units to recycle.

2、Emission reduction measures in operation time

(1) PV power plant should formulate energy conservation assessment

methods, and strive to improve production management level, reduce energy
production and living energy consumption standards.

(2) Adopt electronic smart control equipments to manage scientifically , lower

production costs, save energy, improve efficiency, including: reasonably
dispatch transformer operating mode, reducing the load loss and no-load loss;
make use of efficient energy saving equipments, to close lightings some
occasions under the conditions of meeting the operation duty, patrol ,
maintenance requirements,.

(3) Allocate operation and management personnel and living facilities

scientifically and rationally, try the best to reduce per capita energy
consumption. Use low fuel consumption, low emissions and environmentally
friendly vehicles which are in line with national standards.
(4) Control air temperature of the production and living areas. AC air
temperature in production sites should not exceed the design value.
(5) Strengthen the efforts on employees saving information publication,
education and training.
(6) Strengthen supervision and inspection process of photovoltaic power plants

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during operation process; ensure the implementation of energy saving and

emission reduction measures and energy efficiency indicators.

15.6 Benefit analysis of energy saving

The project capacity is 100MWp, the average on-grid electricity capacity is

160342.968MWh, compared with the same scale coal-fired power plants, and
the annual savings of standard coal is about 62,534 t. Correspondingly, variety
of harmful gases and exhaust emissions can be reduced every year, with the
reduction of carbon dioxide (greenhouse gas) emissions about 162,588t, sulfur
dioxide emissions about 1,502 (take 1 percent sulfur content coal), carbon
monoxide about 17t, nitrogen oxides about 437t, TSP emissions about 28t,
reduce ash, slag pile about 11,515t (take 15% ash content coal, electrostatic
dust removal efficiency of 99%).

This shows the environmental benefits of photovoltaic power plants

construction is very significant

15.7 Conclusion

As green clean energy, solar energy projects belong to renewable energy

development projects, in line with national industrial policy, while meeting the
sustainable development of society, environmental and social benefits are
significant. This project takes feasible and advanced energy-saving,
water-saving measures and conservation of raw materials measures in the
design, make rational use of energy and resources, the design strictly
implement the energy saving, environmental protection guidelines, in the
aspects of the technical solutions, equipment and material selection, building
structures, fully take account of the requirements of energy saving, reduce the
line investment, save land resources. The project can meet the requirements
of the energy-saving targets of the related national regulations in all energy
saving indicator, and it will be built into environmentally friendly, low energy
consumption, saving type photovoltaic power generation project.
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AppA Reference A

A.1 Reference A.1

A.1.1 Reference A .1.1

A.1.1.1 Reference A .1.1.1

Note:

List 1 :

List 2: