REALIA/REAL OBJECT

Instructional Material
Development for Science Education & Technology in Solid, physical objects that can be brought into a
Elementary Science Education classroom to be examined.

-Instructional materials play an important role in the GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS

teaching-learning process. Instruction is improved and A graphic organizer visually represents ideas,
learning is enriched and become more meaningful with Concepts, and relationships between various
the use of modern instructional methods and components.
materials.. A graphic organizer is a strategy for science instruction
-Instructional materials print and non-print items that that teachers can use to help students record
are related to impact information to students in the information from direct observation as well as from
educational process.(Effiong & Igiri, 2015). reading in order
-Instructional materials provide the core information To create a descriptive model of an organism or a
that students will experience, learn, and apply during a phenomenon.
course. They hold the power to either engage or
demotivate students. DIORAMAS
Therefore, such materials must be carefully planned, Include models, mock up objects, specimens,
selected, organized, refined, and used in a course for laboratories, simulation and games (toys). They are
the maximum effect. The planning and selection of non- projected materials. Characteristically, they have
instructional materials should take into consideration length, width, height, hence they are called 3
both the breadth and depth of content so that student dimensional.
learning is optimized. They usually display a historical time period, a nature
-Instructional materials are defined as resources that scene, or a fictional situation.
organize and support instruction, such as textbooks, It will make the classroom be creative and innovative.
tasks, and supplementary resources (adapted from
Remillard & Heck, 2014). BULLETIN BOARDS
It refers to the human and non-human materials and A bulletin board is usually stationary on a
facilities that can be used to ease, encourage, improve Wall or it can be movable. The surface is made of cork
and promote teaching and learning activities. or soft wall boards for attachment of display items. Its
contents may be used for the duration of unit being
Roles In Teaching And Learning studied. The learning materials may be pictures,
They promote meaningful communication and newspaper clippings, real objects or drawings.
effective learning;
They ensure better retention, thus making learning
more permanent;
They help to overcome the limited classroom by Using Technology in Elementary Science Education
making the
Inaccessible accessible; 1.The science classroom provides a perfect
They provide a common experience upon which later environment to help students develop the
learning can be developed; technological knowledge and skills they will need for
the rest of their lives. Learning how to operate
Different Types of machines used for science experiments will help future
Instructional Materials for Science Education mechanical engineers in their pursuits.
WRITING BOARD An architect will employ modeling software similar to
Can display information written with chalk modeling programs used to design scientific
(chalkboard or blackboard) or special pens experiments. And beyond future employment
(whiteboard). opportunities, these forms of literacy will help students
It is a convenient writing area where illustrations can make informed decisions as both consumers and global
instantly be drawn even during a discussion. An eraser citizens.
can easily keep it clean and ready for continuous use.
2.Teachers can also use technology to engage and
Printed Materials instruct students with learning or cognitive disabilities
Consists of all written material, and is printed with text
or graphics as a medium 3.Science teachers can use many modern technologies
For communicating information. to great effect in the classroom. Computer software
Type of educational material used by most and tablet apps have obvious applications in classroom
Teachers. activities, but the technologies inherent in automated
cameras, LCDs and experiment monitoring systems can
Pictures And Pictorial Materials also aid in science education.
Is a visual representation as
By photography or painting. POWERPOINT PRESENTATION
-The most common and useful , accessible way to
Makes it easier for the learners to understand what create and present visual aids.
something really looks like, instead of mentally -Easy to create colorful, attractive designs using the
visualizing and imagining the lesson or the subject standard templates and themes; easy to modify
matter. compared to other visual aids, such as charts, and easy
Photographs, Drawing, Story Boards,Post Cards to drag and drop slides to re-order presentation.
 4. Strong nuclear force- holds the quarks within
SOUNDS & VISUAL RESOURCES protons and Neutrons, and holds the protons and
Taught by the use of other sensory neutrons together to form Atoms.
Organs such as hearing and seeing. 5. Applied F- force which is applied to an Object or by
Which include the television, video recording motion a person.
pictures with sound tracks, slide and films trips 6. Normal F- support force exerted upon An object
Projection with sound tapes, films and which is in contact with Another.
Multimedia. 7. Frictional force- force that resist theMovement of
one object over another Object resulting to heat.
AUDIO RECORDING 8. Tensional F- force which is transmitted Through
-Audio recording include tapes, records and compact string, wire or rope when it is Pulled tight by forces
discs. Tapes may be in the form of teacher- recorded, acting at each end.
student recorded or ready-made tapes that are 9. Spring F- force exerted by a compressed Or
commercially produced. Audio media is used by the stretched spring upon any object which Is attached
teacher in connection with speech rehearsals, drama, to it.
musical presentation, radio and television 10. Buoyancy F- a force exerted by a fluid that Opposes
broadcasting. an object’s weight.

Overhead Transparencies and Overhead Projector MOTION

(OHP)
➢It is defined as the movement of an object through a
-By using the overhead projector, a transparency will
distance.
can show pictures, diagrams and sketches at a time
Ways in describing motion:
when they are needed in a discussion. Step-by-step
➢Rectilinear motion
instruction, enumerations or any sequenced illustration
➢Curvilinear motion
can easily be presented through transparencies.
➢Angular motion
Distance and Displacement Distance
Video/Films
➢ a scalar quantity
-Films that address topics that children study in school
➢ it refers to “how much ground an object has
are just as effective as other teaching materials. They
covered” during its Motion.
see the world from another perspective and provide
teachers with a new tool to enrich their lessons.
Displacement
Integrating and using films in the classroom stimulate
➢ a vector quantity
young children’s imagination and Artistic awareness.
➢ it refers to “how far out of place an object is”; it is
the object’s Overall change in position
FORCE AND MOTION
Importance of Science
Speed and Velocity
1. It gives an idea of the nature of life and things that
occurs Around us.
Speed
2. It explains the different phenomena and eventually
leads to the Discovery of general truth.
➢It can be defined as “how fast something moves”
3. It becomes a source of intellectual enjoyment.
➢It can be explained more scientifically as “the distance
4. Through understanding of science processes,
covered in A unit of time”.
problem-solving And critical thinking ability of the
➢speed= distance/time Velocity
individual is developed.
➢It can be defined as “speed having direction”.
➢Velocity= displacement/time
Physical Science
Newton’s Law of Motion
➢It deals with the study of nonliving matter.
➢It includes astronomy, chemistry, geology,
1.Law of Inertia
Geography, seismology, physics, Meteorology,
volcanology, and petrology
2.Law of Acceleration
FORCE
3.Law of Action & Reaction
➢any influence which tends to change the motion of
an object
➢It is defined as the push or the pull exerted on some
object.
Force can produce changes in motion. What are the
changes in Motion?
➢Net force causes an object at rest to start moving.
➢Net force causes moving object to stop.
➢Force causes moving object to change its direction

Classification of Forces
1. Gravitational force- the tendency of masses to
move toward Each other.
2. Electromagnetic force- attracts two objects of
opposite charge.

3. Weak nuclear force- most commonly seen in beta

decay and the Associated radioactivity.